The end, whether. Im a member of the Museum Foundation board. Campbell who just stepped in a moment ago was the president of the board so ive a stake the series of talks. Dean agreed to do this talk several months ago. The firstnd he was when i saw when i came in. So he is here. I think youre in for a pleasure , and hear some really neat things about what is happening in his career. And at the university of tennessee. Is an inventor and a computer engineer. He is local. He was raised in Jefferson City. He went to that Marvelous University of tennessee. How Many University of tennessee fans in here, show of hands. All right, way to go. So he got his first degree from the universe he of tennessee. And god his masters and doctorategot his masters and doctorate in electrical engineering. He lost his way from tennessee and ended up at stanford for his phd. Pretty good school. And we have some people here who know about that university. He is an ibm fellow. Is anyone in here firmly with the ibm pc . Pc . Iliar with the ibm [laughter] can you tell what year you became familiar with the ibm pc . I dont remember that long ago. D this young man is with on the team that developed it and he has patents to prove it. He was instrumental in developing that information technology. Im not sure what we would do today if we do not have the pc and everything that goes along with that. His career with ibm and became a fellow, which is the highest level of distinction in that organization. The nationalf inventors hall of fame. Himself,veral patents connected with the pc and other endeavors. It is indeed a pleasure. Ofhas been the interim dean the university of Tennessee School of engineering, Tickle College of engineering. So it is a pleasure to introduce dr. Martin. [applause] dr. Dean good afternoon everyone. Thank you, harold, for the introduction. Im not used to speaking in a microphone because even in this size room are usually cancer my voice. Im also not used to speaking behind a podium. So i may step out a little bit. Just to see better. Just to see you better. , thelad you able to come number of people here. We can make it attractive. Im going to spend a little time telling me about myselftelling you about myself, technology. A few things we need to think about going forward, or at least i would like to have a conversation around them, and then emerging technologies. Then we can explore whatever space you would like to explore. I do not have too manys constraints. Some of you who know me may know that. As harold said, i am from Jefferson City nearby here, Jefferson City, tennessee. I started my academic career at nelson mary, a black school before integration. My grandfather was the passable. Was the principal. So i like to point that out rate and the third grade they integrated the School System so i went to the integrated school. I was the last class to graduate from our small high school. Thats a picture of my early years. I went to the university of tennessee. Got my undergraduate degree. And then ibm hired me into development. I worked there 10 years on what became of the ibm pc and related technology for the first 10 years of its life. Have just over 40 patents tied tost of those are most of thosethe work we did on the idea pc. Systemalled the isa bus. The thing that defined pc compatibility for 15 years. I will talk more about that. We were actually surprised at how long that existed. We do not expect that we would set the standards to that level. As harold said, i got my phd from stanford. I spent four years at ibm. 34 years at ibm. And i have spent my last six years as a faculty member at university of tennessee and as the rim dean for the Tickle College of engineering. I have been blessed. Many people ask. This is the question i get more than anything else, when you were developing the ibm pc, did you know what you are doing . [laughter] first you step back and say, what did they mean . I think they meant, did we realize the level of impact, good and bad, that the personal computer and related technologies would have on society, productivity, entertainment, information sharing, business models, communications and all that aspects of our lives . So when i recover, i answer the question as no. We really did not realize what we were doing. We did realize that we were building something that would improve productivity for people for people that wanted to create and manage information. Includes word, ledgers, anybody that brought the original pc, this is what you would do. You would design. You would have personal data storage. It was one of the systems that started to allow you to store data. The, wasersus out in into the cloud of the time it was usually an ibm mainframe. Now is called the cloud. History repeats itself. So we did realizewe did not realize how much it would affect everyone and enable so much innovation. Just like all previous innovations, the creators could not have fully understood how they would change the world. Now the pcs, laptops, tablets and your smart phones are all integral parts of our lives. Shareg us create and information, be entertained, and to get things done. So again, i was in the right place and the right time, not knowing any better and things were kept out. So i have been fortunate. The and things worked out. So i have been fortunate. Ive been part of a lot of teams that at first compliments. The appian pc, that includes the first gigahertz microprocessor. Ibms accomplishments supercomputer called blue jean in new york. We developed a discipline called services science. If we had a few hours i would tell you what it is. It was interesting. Then more recent work that was done with one of my colleagues here in the audience, computing paradigms based on the human brain called no more for computing. Noomorphic computing. Everybody asked me what does it feel like to invent . What is it like to 40 patents. The real truth is most of my inventions are the result of what i would, superpower. Youre dreaming, right . A vivid imagination. And confidence to believe you can build anything. Everybody has a superpower. But most do not realize what it is or have the opportunity to develop it and focus on their superpower. I have had that opportunity. There been two primary organizations that allowed me to develop and exploit my superpower. Once the university of tennessee. Without that in the education i got there, i would not have had the chance to go on and be a part of ibm. And course ibm. There are individuals and without them i would not of had the chance to do things i would have was able to do. Infirst was von schenklin my early career at all,. My early career at ibm. Rod atkins, wayne davis who is now interim chancellor here. And the reason i came back. My wife, denise. Made a been with me and lot of things possible. My parents, james and barbara dean. And my grandparents eugene and althea. As shout out to them. Because without them, none of this would have been possible. So, we have actually been able to change the world. That would be the way i would have to put it. Not thinking that was the intent. But that is how it turned out. Anything we can imagine could be realized, there a simple matter of three four key elements. Risk, andy, determination. Workice the word determination. Most people would call that not knowing any better determination sounds better. Also most Great Innovations have beenhave hadthat have had the biggest impact on society, have occurred in the gaps between disciplines. Putting ideas together from multiple sources and disciplines to solve a problem or to address an opportunity. Thats where most of the Great Innovations have occurred. And i would have to say the pc falls right into that category. Being the application of invention to solve a problem is something i am far more proud of than my inventions themselves. I have all these patents. But the real value is what we did with them. Patents and the inventions themselves. Invention is worthless unless it has an impact. Must change as peoples lives or helps people live better, have more success, be happy, that is the true measure of a particular intimation. Novation. So i gain schmidts joyparticular in innovation. I get joy watching summit using what we have built. To watch the but using a to watchive designed someone use a computer i have designed or take advantage of what we built that is where the joy comes from. Theres a lot of innovations that we often take for granted. And has ignited significant changes in the world. I just want to mention a few. Just to set up the talk after that. Harvesting energy from earning organic material we would say diesel engines, gasoline engines, steam engines, these things have allowed us to find breakthroughs in transportation, manufacturing, infrastructure, mining, lots of areas. Deal. A big trains, planes and on mobiles. Have allowed society toand ottowa bills, allowed societyand automobiles allowed society to spread out. Electricity, ecig can break through. Wired communication, telegraph, telephone, broadband. And wireless medication televisionwireless television, cell phone, radio, satellite medications. Penicillin and vaccines are big. I was telling some an earlier, i think the next great breakthroughs will be in biology. Penicillingh on vaccines and other breakthroughs that are coming in biology. Aspirin and ibuprofen, atomic energy. A lot of it was developed here. Plastics. The transistor. Computers, obviously. The internet. And gps. Innovations,ngs, and beasley many others, that society could not live without. Today. Right . They have also enabled new discoveries and new innovations. Theyre not just innovations in themselves, but they have been ableenabled us to go further. Engineers and scientists often build things as a challenge to their abilities. I have to admit, that is kind of why i built most of the things that i have built. Or that it has never been done before. E are driven by being first or because it is fun to watch somebody you something you design. These are the things that tend to drive juniors and scientists. Scientists seldom consider the impact on society of a particular invention or innovation a half. Have. This would be a secondary consideration and probably would not occur after the first prototype or demonstration model was done. So im going to questionthis is going to be a question that all Great Innovation that has had a sniff get in tacked on society, also may have hada Significant Impact on society, also may have had some negative impact. I want to explore what response ability engineers and scientists have to help society understand both ends. The positive sides are easy. But can we explain and address and make sure society is aware of the potential negatives. That would go along with this. So im going to cover a few technologies and then move on to talk about that in general. Computers. Lets take computers for example , cell phones, tablets, entertainment systems, cable boxes, all of these are computers, basically. Obviously the Significant Impact that had on productivity, information auction and information sharing, new forms of entertainmentinformation production and sharing, entertainment, complex systems modeling like weather forecasting, Business Opportunities for new applications and services, it is an endless list. It is part of our lives. Now, let me pose this. And i have yet to find some someone that we have a discussion but is an interesting thought. Think about this. Computers are the only product where we buy them expecting them to fail. Only onewe expect to have to reboot a computer or download a new version of software to fix it. I challenge people, is there anything else that we buy that we expect that of the product . Cars. Erators, bulbs . Echolight but they at least last 10 years. My computer last 10 years without me having to reboot it. But i do not get a week out of it. Ive never heard that recalled before. Im not sure you can upgrade that. Ok. Moments only happen one moment in time. That is a positive experience when you look back on it. Usually. When you look back on your computer blue screen, that is usually not a positive experience. So, society now accepts flaws in Computing Products and computing advantage of what we have trained society to expect. The computer industry will ship something before it really is a fully tested. Right . You help them out because you tested for them, you tell them about the problems and they give you an upgrade. We are used to show that. We accept that. We are used to that. It feels funny, i was a part of this. And i feel funny about it. I admit we have created this. Maybe it is ok. Im not going to say it is not ok. But it is strange. Like i said, i fill funny about it. Another negative i would have to is is that computing insufficient at data privacy and data security. I have to admit that. We have exposed society to loss of sensitive or personal data. Especially to bad actors. And i will talk more about that later. But i have to say that we have built computing and we have gone so far and we do not take into consideration the effects on access to our private information. Maybe that should have taken or thought. So we cannot live without computers, right . If we did, things will slow down significantly. Some of you might say, that might be a good deal, right . Maybe slowing down a little would be ok . But no, the world is not going to slow down. So the question is should society expect some of our great computing cap abilities to be used to improve computing reliability . Should we expect that instead of more megahertz, more memory, thatrage, more about bo some of that should be used to make computers last more years, like a label . Like a light bulb . I do not know. Could we use the capability to provide better protection to our data . Maybe. Maybe it could provide more that hasnce for people to their social status or financial status. Maybe it would open up new opportunities for everyone. Not just the few that can have access to it. Is, can Consumer Expectations demand have a major effect on vendors and what they offer . Can but we have to decide that that is what we want. That we want something, something better. And expect that, and drive the industry, maybe. Upside ofd, the computing, the productivity provides an efficiency are significant. We see that and we accept some of the downsides because of the sick get upside. Their other technologiesbecause of the significant upside. There are other technologies. Plastic. A huge example. I do not think we could live without plastic. Food, distribution of food, reduction in waste, it has been a big deal for us. But the challenge with plastics is as you all know, waste. And the potential contamination of our environment. Again, im not going to blame the innovators of plastic or the technology, because it is something we can address. But obviously these are types of things we have to thing about. The internet is another one. Again, without the internet we would not have the great sharing of information, social media, all the great things we have come to enjoy having internet, even netflix and the things that provides, amazon would not be here without the internet. But i have to admit, the internet has exposed our information, or personal information, our finances, are confidential records to exposure on a scale not before possible. Before the internet, you had to break into an Office Building and get something. Then it is local. Now i can sit in my living room. And i can get access to a lot of stuff. Something to think about. Just something to think about. Again, im not trying to denigrate or downgrade these great breakthroughs. We just need to have these conversations. That is all im trying to expose. , like a said, i do not wish to suggest that we should not have developed or deployed these technologies. The question is, should we as engineers and scientists, and im talking about myself, have identified and minimized the negatives of these technologies before they were deployed, or early in their deployment . Had, would anybody have listened . Minute,d said, wait a heres some of the downside. What people have paid attention . Or would they run off and say thats great, but im going to do this and this is can be good. Innovators have known ahead of timecould we as innovators have known ahead of time the downside of distribution and use of these technologies and could we have protected it . We are doing the abbey and pc we do not predict a lot of stuff. We do not knowwhen we were doing the ibm pc, we did not predict a lot of stuff. We do not know any better. It kind of took off. But we could have given it a lot more thought. Is that our responsibility as engineers and scientists to notify and protect society from the potential downsides and dangers of a Given Technology echo the real question is who is liable for any damages or losses incurred from the use of a given who is echo responsible . I will leave you with that thought. Lets talk about the newest commodity to be leveraged by us individuals and businesses. Guess . Want to ai. Dr. Dean no, it is a commodity. It is data. Just data. Just a data. It gets big because theres a lot of it. Potential revenues and Profit Margins for the creation, collection, integration, analysis, just to be should and sale of data and information is greater than any other commodity. Right . So Data Information is quickly becoming the new world currency. It far exceeding import and export of any other commodity. Just moving data around. Is a bigger import and export commodity than anything else. And theres going to be more money made on that movement of data than any other commodity. Than any commodity you can think of. This will far exceed the revenues associated with it. Just moving bits around. Just it. Hat is all it is theres a lot of money in that business. Amazon andes like ebay, google, facebook, ups, microsoft, ibm, banc, a center othersnture, and many are making large amounts of money collecting, analyzing, analyzing, leveraging and disturbing data. That is all theyre doingdisturbing data. Data. Ributing no manufacturing required. People sitting in an Office Building, airconditioned, moving bits around. All these comedies are delivering products and services that have can to beat it to our prosperity. Are doing it, we are enjoying that. That prosperity they are providing. Another question, what responsibly do these comedies have in protectdo these companies have in protecting this information we have gathered, that they are gathering and creating. Should these companies treat our data like banks treat our money . Or maybe banks used to treat our money . Should be levied on the loss of this data . We place onhould things like Social Security numbers and medical records and banking accounts information or purchases. Emails and tweets and website visits. Information on our physical activities and pictures or videos, and all of Data Information. What value should replace on that . Should we start treating Data Information like precious metal . Gold or platinum . Should we think of it that way . Or maybe like a currency . We should treat data like a i do not have the answer. I like talking about it. I like imagining that. Value do not realize the that is in this information. They do not realize how much money is being made because there movement stuff around that you actually have provided. They are moving stuff around that you have provided. It is a commodity. We probably need to have this conversation. We need to consider the policies that are required to protect us as individuals and our organizations. Heres one of my biggest concerns. It has to do with what could be the next downturn in the global economy. Again, i do not know any better. One of my superpowers. Im going to say this. It will be interesting to hear your response. Things one potential that could cause a downturn in the global economy, would be the lack of trust. Onlinek of trust in information and transactions. To brian here in the room, we claimed this phenomenon as a trust bubble. What if we had a trust bubble. Such that this would be an environment where individual companies and governments could not trust online correspondence and transactions. So emails, advertisements, retail websites, information sources, news feeds, central media sites and all the others, could be sufficiently untrusted , not completely entrusted, but sufficiently untrusted to restrict transactions, information sharing and productivity. So if entities and transactions and content on the internet become just marginally ourrusted, progress in Global Cultural awareness and global economy, and working globally to solve problems, stalls. If i all the sudden cannot open up and email because i do not trust that it is from who it says its from. Or if i cannot order something from a company because i cannot trust that theyre going to deliver that commodity to me. I stall. If i cannot interact with a colleague because i cannot trust that imemail or file getting is actually from him, or is clean, or is uncorrupted, i stall. Now cannot do anything. All right. So if this happens, again this is speculative. If this happens, is there a way for us to address this potential issue . Can we deal with this before it becomes reality . If you believe it could become reality . In anytime you have sat front of your computer and it got in email and you look at in question whether it really is from bankamerica, an insurance company, or someone trying to sell you something, and you have not clicked on it because you do not want to, tammany your system, you have now suffered thatcontent you do not want to contaminate your system, you have now suffered that lack of trust. It is a bubble. All of a sudden we all stall. Can we deal with it . Im going to say yes. It is going to take work. But im going to say yes we can. Companies,ernments, academic institutions and individuals to Work Together globally to establish transparent and effective policies toward providing trusted and secure transactions and information sharing. On the internet. That is a lot to say. Is basically that we can Work Together to fix this. There are technologies to do it. Some of that technologies that can help with this is, and again, its not all of them. And we can argue whether this would work or not some of them i think could help our block chain, agents, Realtime Data analytics, data providence, data use andnd privacy policies that would go a long way to alleviating the threats and maintaining trusts in this environment. Itineers and scientists, turns out, are second only to nurses in the trust that society has toward their insights and guidance. That feels good, right . Nurses are number one. Everybody kind of trust nurses. Engineers are next. So i tell my students, you carry extra responsibility because of that. My mother depends on you getting it right. And protecting her from everything that is coming at her. So take on that response ability and make sure you keep out of trouble. Have a hugeneers impact. Engineers make up about 15 of society. Of society. But the impact an engineer can have is on hundreds of thousands of people. One little application, one little toy. It is huge. My mother buys those things. I need to make sure that she is ok. This means we have a primary response ability to clearly explain how technology can help us be more prosperous, happy, and protected my experience says that when institutions and individuals are transparent and open and share ideas, technology, and innovation, we create a bigger market. More prosperity. Safer product. In a higher dependence on each other. Dust a more trusted environmentthus a more trusted environment to live work and play. If i have a higher dependence on you, i have to have a higher trust for us to live and Work Together. And a willingness to accept and embrace diversity, diversity of thought. Trustlso help strengthen in these interactions. It is not just technology, we also have to appreciate each others differences. And see the value in that. We are stronger and more protected when we were together. When we Share Technology and knowhow. Morets are created, become trusted, and grope faster, for people and organizations and companies, when the all caps spateand grow faster. We all can participate. The Marsh Corporation calls this the economics of mutuality. Everybody in the society benefits. Analways, technology is enabler. It is a tool like a hammer. We have to figure out how best to use it. And how best to protect ourselves from people that may want to use it for bad. Is, you canat it use it for good and some but it can figure how to use it for bad. So to increase awareness of technology capabilities, and the continued Technology Development of technologies that protect our all being will be key to avoiding this potential downturn. Economic disruption, negative effect that might be realized in our present environment. I can ramble about technology. Ive a lot of things we are working on. Given the size of the audience, i thought it would be a good time to pause and see if theres something you want to talk about. So theres anything you are interested in, i can repeat it so the recording can pick it up and we will have a chat. Century ago,t of a mail fraud was made illegal. Also a crime to carry it across the state boundary, National Crimes were made illegal. And now fraud and stemming and so on are definitely running wild. In these classes. This is not an engineering problem except in terms of and theg the engineers entire population to get a government that can step in and do that. Do you have anything to say about that. Dr. Dean so the question was you figured out how to deal with wire fraud, mail fraud, some other things that were new technologies at the time. The government stepped in and made things illegal. Itat least some governments have stepped in, not all governments are on the sidelines. In general, we have yet to put in place specific laws we tried to leverage existing law to address it. The problem is the technology is kind of moved beyond what was defined in the old law. So it is hard to have them hold together. Heres what i think. Im going to be gentle. We as engineers and scientists need to help our government officials understand the issues. Expect the people that are our leaders to understand everything. And all aspect of technology. Because they would have to understand biology and computers and nano science and physics and that is just not reasonable. Do is ask us can some questions. They can have technical advisors guiding them in these areas. That is our response billy. That is our response ability. If we can offer them insight which we often try to do. We can start to expose these issues and potential solutions. Some of the technologies i read off are technologies that if in place, could help us. Could make a difference. Of realize with any kind especially, where we are. Ause there are trillion exo i do not know if you know the term for the amount of information out there. For us to move it is going to cost a bit to get there. People will consider that. Especially corporations, they may say oh wait a minute, you mean this is going to cost me x to do this . You want to say, you have to think about my mother. That. Tell them you have to protect her. You have to protect my operation. You have to protect my children. An environment where they are safe to do the things they want to do. That should be the starting point of the conversation. Then we can talk about how. We can talk about how to deploy it, technology moves fast. It would not take much time for us to move the needle, enough to where we can avoid what i would call this trust bubble that might be occurring. But it is interesting. I need to read history. My grandfather was a history teacher. He would tell me, what is a saying, history does not repeat, and rhymes we are arriving a couple times now. Are rhyming we are rhyming. How long it took to protect us from l fraud . That will be interestingmail fraud. I would liken it to how long it has taken us to deal with where we are today. And maybee a ways something needs to happen. Question . Isthe thing that concerns me that extensive use of these things by children may actually affect how their brains are developing and we will not have any idea until we have gone a couple of generations per him maybe good and it may be awful. Good and it may be awful. But we will not know for a long time. That is really creepy. Dr. Dean yes. This is interesting. This is why we should have these conversations. I do not know either. , do know that while we cringe when i teach my classes and i cringe at the students i have in them like, really . You are our future leaders . [laughter] say, there are representatives in that classroom that are really strong. They got there because they have all of this access it all of this information. So i think, like anything, there is good and bad. Our kids have benefited from the fact that, instead of having to just be constrained by the Small Library they may have had in their high school or their grammar school, they now have this brought access. But they have somebroad broad access. But now they need something to help them not get confused. Let me say it that way. Maybe we need to leverage some of the technology to help the parents meet her, monitor and andct meter, monitor control. We used to have that, when you would go to the library and get a book, was hard to the parents not to know what books you are having access to. It is harder now. While i praise the access to this information. I think it is great. Thatnk kids can do things i would never have been able to do. Because i did not have access to all of that information. With that comes the exposure to stuff you would rather not have them exposed to. Or they do things you would rather for them to go outside and get exercise. This is a balance, right . They may not be relating to each other. Dr. Dean or relating in different ways to each other. That media in between and. And that will affect how they can work with other people. Dr. Dean it is fair. And i think it is somewhat up to us. As the grownups in the room. To help them understand that. Peoplei will give will get people i will get people to come up to me and they say, what happened to our kids . Wemy generationwe are responsible for these kids. Right . They are our kids paired we have that sponsor building. They are our kids. We have that responsibility. I am not that negative per se. There are good things. Years, thegrowing up best i could do was mail my penpal something. Our communications took weeks. Now kids can have hundreds of friends that do not even live close by. They live in another country. That could be good. Cultural awareness could be super. But they also can have conversations when theyre not facetoface that are more caustic than if they were facing each other and having that same conversation. So yes. Theres good and bad. I remember when email first came out. You should see what people would say to each other and people that they would never say in front of that person. They had to learn. You had to get them together and say you cannot do that. There is etiquette. We needed to teach people that. Like with everything, theres positive and negative. I think the positives are strong. We do need to work on some of affectingdes that are potentially our kids. Thee may not know what downsides are for long time. Still, then wend figure it out they were dying of it. Im not sure theres much we can do about that except attention. If we Pay Attention we can get address it before gets too bad. A lot of times we just are not paying attention. An importantt is thing to have confidence. How do you know when you have confidence, how do you recognize that . You realize it . How do you maintain it . Dr. Dean it is trust as what what im focused on. You might say theres confidence in the things we interact with. In the things and tools we want to use to do the things he wanted to do. Is that what youre saying . The things we want to do. You used the word trust and i translated it to confidence. Dr. Dean that is fine. That is something inherent in our cultural awareness. In ourselves. You know it when it exists. But it is hard to measure. Trust. I have a lot of trust in people. That is because, what ive experienced with them makes me say, ok i trust them. When they said they are going to do something, it is going to happen. I have certain trust in certain things i do on the web, because i have interacted with these businesses and they have always produced. Thus im comfortable now buying more things from them, or sharing information with them. Myin front of my computer and i come upon something and i question whether i should engage, that is a lack of trust. Especially if i do not engage. Not have very little trust. Be, i haveon would either experienced something negative and thus the feeling as i do not want to expense that again. So everybody has their own threshold. She trusts just about everything. She will buy from anything. He will come up on a website and ill say how do you know that youre going to get from this what you are ordering . And she says oh, it will happen. So until you do something to lose her trust, she trusts. She is a trusting lady. Im a little bit more cautious. I made you little bit more research before i jump in. Do a little more i may do more research before i jump in. Society as a whole, if enough of us trust a particular website or then or any, particular company, that builds on itself and works out. If enough of us do not trust it or question whether we should engage, then that particular entity or company will not do as well. At some point they will fall apart because there is lack of trust. Most development of a brand. There are some brands that are so strong, everybody wants to buy from them. They have become a trusted entity. Im not going to say any brands because i will get in trouble. That are strong and produce great cars or great financial results, they are a productive. We buy stuff and there always deliver. There are some companies im impressed with. Ups is one, i have to have a shout out at you psp im amazed at the efficiencies of their operation. These days we fear hear a lot about these days we hear a lot about fake news. The bubble imis worried about. That is the bubble. If i solve, because i cannot trust anything i hear, on the web, and i cannot move. Im stuck. I do not advance, i cannot figure out what is going on. I cannot figure out how i can help. That is what im talking about. That is why i brought this up. That is what bothers me right now. Are we approaching this bubble where i cannot even opt in because i do not know what is being said is right or wrong. That is exactly right. There are some newsfeeds i tend to trust. Maybe i do not know any better. Or maybe i have verified them through other means. I think that is what is going to take a little work. It is for us to start to trust certain things we cannot just accept input from one source. Be willing too have the discussion. The funny thing im afraid of is if you are not on my side then i dont like you. That is not right. My grandfather he loves to engage in a conversation. He would always play devils advocate. It would drive my cousins and my aunts and uncles crazy. Because he would always go on the others. , buty not have believed it he wanted to carry on that conversation. I loved it. So i do it too. That is my wife off. She hates it. Hat pisses my wife off. She hates it. I think we need to be willing to hear out both sides are muscle sides and then decide from that information. Sidessides or multiple and then decide on that information. How much of it is our response building as individuals , because there is so much technologyhow much of it is our responsibility as individuals, because theyre so much information and so much technology. I remember when my sons would go and stay with my motherinlaw as a second grade teacher. And she would let her punchshe would let them punch the numbers but they would have to show her on paper they can figure out the problem before she would let them turn it on. I did not understand them. But when i go to the Grocery Store and the register is down and since as i can i give you change. Now i understand. News, it we call fake think we have to have some individual responsibility to take advantage of the technology there. Meause you cannot decide for , i do not believe you can decipher me, what is fake and me whatnotdecide for is fake and what is not. I may have had a trusted expense and someone else did not. Dr. Dean people are more comfortable with people like themselves. Exactly. Dr. Dean so you tend to trust those in the visuals before you would trust somebody who you. Individualsthose before you would trust somebody who is not like you. We are going to have to fight that if youre going to build a more diverse society. We have to embrace our differences. Youre right. Heres what i would say. Ability to give you my opinion. Responsibility to give you my opinion. If we get everybodys insights, we can often come to some middle ground. At least we have had the conversation. If i only interact with people im comfortable with, or with one station or one newscast, that is going to biased me no matter what. Is my response ability to be aware of all the other things being said. And those opinions. And then decide. They may have a compelling argument. What i have noticed is there is always that middle ground. Compromiseways that and if you can find it, everybody says ok, got it. Is not exactly what i wanted, but if it brings other people in, it is good enough. Say,andfather would perfection is way overrated. He stole all the sayings from other people. But i give him credit. He says if you can get it good enough, youre good to go. As an educator, you are seeing students who have grown up with technology. How does that help assess students . Our Engineering School used to brag that every student had higher acts scores than the previous class. Economic on forever. What do you see now on the students who have grown up with technology . What is your general conclusion of the impact . I think they are pretty smart. You have some kids who are off the scale. You cant even measure the upside that they are bringing to the table. And then you have a few who are lost. They Wander Around and may run into the wall. They get through. On average, it is pretty good. 31. Scores are on average the maxis 36. So an average of 31 is pretty good. Their gpa and high school averages 4. 1. Used to not be able to get over 4. 0. Some students are 4. 5. Is that they do for the college of engineering . Mr. Dean yes. The university is a little bit less than that. We are getting top students. And we are growing. It is not that we are getting fewer and fewer smart students. The students are doing pretty well. Were is a little bit more could do to get more students. There is a shortage. 2025, the u. S. By will be short on engineers. We need to find a way to get more students and businesses. Cringe at the questions they ask sometimes, we are producing some really smart students. We have some phd students who are really special. I am kind of straddling the answer a little bit. But i have to admit, they are awful smart. There are some challenges. But i think, all in all, they have benefited from technology. I am retired. When we went through the university of tennessee as undergraduates, we had amazing access to resources. If a student took it vantage of those resources, the sky was the limit. The problem is not all students know the capability to take advantage of these resources. Later, they years access that students have two resources is just incredible. Then, do they have knowledge and practice and skill set coming out of k12 to leverage those resources . Those who do just fly away. We have seen people go from ut stanford. Caltech to there is always this group who struggles. And the group who flies away. And the middle group. Possibly because of the wealth of technology and resources people have access to. And whether they are able to leverage that. Mr. Dean our Graduation Rate at et for the college of engineering are the highest in the state. And they have improved over time. Have less than half the students get through. When we went through, it was probably 20 . Mr. Dean but now we get close to 70 of the students through the system. That does not mean it is easier. We are doing pretty good. I have to be positive. I am positive about the kids. We can do better. We still have more work we can do. It is a constant battle because technology does not take that into consideration. We did not take into consideration what social media might do or expose our kids to. Everything i can do i can share with my friends. That thinking maybe i shouldnt. You talked about the data bubble. And how there will be an economic boom. I was just wondering, as individuals, how can we take advantage . Mr. Dean that is a good question. The benefits of getting your and gettingdata insight from that. Amazon knows a lot about you. From the first time you order something from them. They know things about your friends and neighbors. An individual has a tough time doing that. They dont to seven axis to it. Maybe you could sell your data to someone else. There are a few of us to have benefited because when you write something down and collect a patent, you get a little bit from that. In the way we can benefit as , the kids can do a little programming. They can sit in their bedrooms and write a little application. Sell it to somebody for a dollar. If you get enough people buying it for a dollar, you come out ahead. That could be a tool that allows people to gather more information. We as individuals create a little bit of data. By itself it does not have value. Accumulation, it has a lot of value. You mentioned for steps to innovation. How and a curriculum setting can you infuse the important parameter of risk . All of the other ones, seems like if it is a good university, they can probably get. But risk factor, how can you help them understand that and impart to them that they really need to do that . In many cases it is easy. The reason im an engineer is i like building things. Give students the chance to build stuff, together hands dirty. Write some code or put a piece of technology together. And a time you build something, you are exposed to something happening. In mechanical engineering, they work on electric cars. They have to go through some extensive training. We have only had one instance where a student has gotten into the voltage. It did not hurt them bad but they got into it. A friend of my would give a lecture and show to what would happen if you got into some. Ituations we try to help students be aware. F those dangers those are things you have to talk about. You have to have those conversations. Engineering has a set of principles that should be followed as you are developing and testing. You can minimize those risks and design. We have modules that cover that. In most of our departments, we work to try to expose students to soft skills. Skills that are not driven by rob technology. The skills of ethics. The skills of p able to interact. Those are important skills. Students have Technical Skills and they can explain to you the pros and cons of technology, they are differentiating. Those of the ones you want. Everyone can design a widget. But i can explain to my mother and she gets it, now that person has a little bit more value. They can go on and be the leaders. We try to give them some of those soft skills to make sure they can understand. I appreciate you giving me this time and coming out on this nasty day. At least you are dry. Thank you. [applause] live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. Morning, aaturday visiting fellow to the American Enterprise institute discusses cryptocurrency and the future of money. Then a Congress Library will preview the 2019 National Book festival. Combatingussion of illegal protocols. Also a speaker from the federal integrity of oversight commission. Watch live at 7 00 eastern saturday morning. Join the discussion. Watch book tv for live coverage of the National Book festival saturday starting at 10 00 a. M. Eastern. We have an interview with Justice Ruth Bader ginsburg and other authors. The National Book festival, live, saturday. Journalists and former white house officials examine the relationship between the news media and the trump administration. In a discussion hosted by the american Political Science association. This is an hour and 30 minutes. All that stuff i said . That was off the record. [laughter] i think we will get started. I just want to