Make things in america and help you understand the personal connection to it. If you have questions, call us. Independence, 202748 8002. If you work in the manufacturing industry, give us your thoughts to. Lets look at the trailer. U. S. Steel corporation is announcing is permanently closing you, as an economy, get rid of your manufacturing, its cataclysmic. You have a domino effect. I all he said our motto was, you dream it, we build it. We lost a job. Within the United States, it somebody i all he said a overse. Year 2000 we lost about 5. 5 Million Manufacturing jobs. That is the backbone that cause this incredible unemployment. Im almost 50 years old. All i know is this. Making things is important. Things that has always been great about america is america. Its Good Business to invest in your community. We also fundamentally believe that making faces important to the longterm health of this country. We are making more sales, we are making more partnerships. About believing in something. What if you fail . That is not an option. Talk about the involvement you play into this. We try to connect the idea of a menu can American Manufacturing with policy. It really matters. Manufacturing was the canary in the coal run that in the coal mine. Movie insaw in this many ways was a prequel to some of the anger you saw play out in the last election. There are many communities who feel like they have been left behind. And that policy has left them behind as well. But this is something we know how to do. We know how to make things in this country. It is a core competency of the United States. And there are a lot of folks who want to do it, who are entrepreneurs or workers or who were holding on and realizing how important it is for their community. And they are fighting for that. They are fighting for a chance, a level Playing Field and an opportunity. The movie did a really good job of bringing stories from places you like to forget about the forget about, like buffalo and detroit and elsewhere, into the living rooms of people who might have lost touch. Host Vincent Vittorio, we cant hear all of the stories do what is one that sticks out . Guest new balance speakers. I am wearing some right now. We have people in america who are making shoes. When you see people who take pride in putting these together and seeing a company and the new a company in the new england area that is doing great things, it makes you feel like other people could be doing this. Looking at the bottom line, trying to put things together with employing people in the communities and the Ripple Effect that it has. Host we talk about manufacturing, for people who work at new balance, do they understand what happens in washington and how it affects them . Guest every decision being made has an impact. Whether it is an incentive for another company or or the tariffs that are not put in place which is causing harder competition for them. They keep a close eye and those Companies Work with think tanks and nonprofits to make sure they are on the right side of the agenda and understanding how it is going to impact them in the future. Host mr. Paul, you speak and work with the heads of the companies. Guest i think there is a split because they have heard this so often. There is a lot of politicians who say they will be there for manufacturing. And then when the tough decisions have to be made, about trade policy or at the type of Education System you have to provide a pipeline and vocational education, it gets tougher. And there are tradeoffs. So i think there are some folks out there in the Manufacturing Committee that have written washington off. Saying there is nothing they can do that can make a difference. And i think there are others and new balance is a great example where trade policy matters. If tpp had gone into effect, it would have wiped out the last couple of mills. It really does matter and it makes a difference. You can see that. The movie was being made, we were bleeding manufacturing jobs but we have run a little more solid footing now. But what we lack at the rest of the world has is the Manufacturing Policy that puts that sector front and center of the economic policy. Host is the solid footing a natural occurrence or part of the decisions made by the Previous Administration . Or maybe the Current Administration . Guest part of it was the Auto Industry. We have a strong Auto Industry in no small part due to the rescue. Part of it is the economic recovery, we are not freefalling now. But even in an age of automation, ifnd we are given a chance, we can add manufacturing jobs. We know how to do things. I was just talking to someone who has brought back sleeping bag production to alabama. So it is possible to do this but it takes visionary entrepreneurs and it does take Public Policy that will give folks a real chance, so that our workers arent competing against . 20 an hour labor. Host besides sneakers, what other industries did you talk to . Guest we talked to viking appliances which is now a publicly traded company so it is not the same story but it does show the impact a local Business Owner can have with the community so it holds true for other companies out there who are doing things in america. And the third one is more andle, who lost everything to business overseas but was able to bring it back. He believed in the community in the country to support him. Host again, our guests are scott paul from the alliance of American Manufacturing and the American Made movie, Vincent Vittorio. Theamericanmademovie. Com is where you can find more information. Joy, you are the first call for our guests. Caller i think there is a big lie going around about it is either tax burden or payroll. I worked for a company in oceanside, california, a Large Company that made Power Supplies and i asked the ceo what was the biggest burden and he said payroll. I also worked for the largest a tac Plumbing Company in las vegas and the ceo of that company said the same thing. I believe companies are moving overseas because of payroll, not tax burdens. I would like your opinion. Guest a good question. Every company is a little bit different. In some cases, energy costs are the primary cost driver. In others, labor costs. While United States, our tax code isnt perfect, if you look at the overall tax burden of many of our companies, it is comparably lower. We have a different system where we dont have value added taxes. We dont tax imports coming in and we dont rebate exports going out and that sets us apart from almost the rest of the industrialized world but the current tax debate doesnt address that at all. Its not going to get that issue. If you look at a lot of the costs with respect to labor and the loss of intellectual property and the fact that other countries i point out china have National Government policies that they are trying to attract that kind of manufacturing and they are favoring their own firms, that tilts the Playing Field away from our folks. So we are talking about a trade policy that is reciprocal. Ensuring that we are not undercut by lower labor costs that are artificially low. And that generally, we have a fair chance to compete. Because a lot of the folks that vincent talked about in the movie on a level Playing Field will be able to add jobs. Host lets go to mike in richmond, virginia. Mike . Lets go to donna. Carolina. Lem, north go ahead. Caller, go ahead, please. Caller can you hear me . Host yes, go ahead. You are on, go ahead, please. Caller i live in winstonsalem but i am originally from flint, michigan. I worked in the Auto Industry in flint, michigan. Can you hear me . Host yes, you are on. Caller i want to say that i appreciate the guys that made this movie because Michael Moores movie made an impact on the industry. And flint itself. The resources that are there in those cities are being quickly torn down. And the buildings that manufacturers could have easily come into and taken over, they are being destroyed. What do you have to say about that . Host Vincent Vittorio, anything relating to your film . Guest going there the first time, it is mind blowing to see this amount of land and huge facilities that look like an apocalyptic ruin. It is really sad. But at the same time, the infrastructure is there and restoring it and trying to do something with it could be worthwhile but it is hard when you are attracting a new leg of manufacturing or growth of something to restore an area like that, specifically detroit. But i think the story does do a good job of showing how what happened to detroit and how it could make a recovery but it will never be what it was in the early days. Host dave in morgan hill, california. On the independent line. Caller what is important in all of this is that when people buy something made in america, they look at the made in america tags. If you look at the tpp, they try to get the country of origin taken off a product and i think that is important so people can make a decision as to what is best for the country when buying products. Host mr. Paul . Guest i wholeheartedly agree. That transparency is important. And while price will also be a factor, knowing where and how it was produced can make a big difference and unfortunately, the caller is right. We are entering into some agreements that erode our ability to properly label food products, as well as merchandise. So if you are shopping in person at a store, you can find the label, if you know where to look. If you are shopping online, it can be extraordinarily difficult. It is very hard to find. There isnt a steady requirement that you have to do that. So i favor an upgrade in the labeling laws. I think a consumers right to know should be the primary interest here. Host Vincent Vittorio, did you talk to those about the importance of what is being made overseas . What is the response . Guest definitely. We have paco underhill, who is looking at the way businesses work and the way we shop. He gets into the psychology of this. And it comes into the realization that if something is made in america or overseas but you will pay more money for it, consumers will support that. Which is the theme of our movie. We have the ability to put the money behind what we believe in. And it isnt necessarily an American Made products. It is the local community. Or even seeing what is in our backyard and seeing that we can support it. It will take a long time to have the true impact but at the end of the day, if we have a Company Spending millions of dollars for a celebrity to endorse their product and they know that making things in america is as sexy as lebron james, companies will get behind that. And they will see that it isnt only a value to our country and community but it will help them have a competitive advantage. Host angelo in new orleans, democrats line. Go ahead. Caller thank you for cspan. How can you profess what manufacturing when you have four states that just lowered you have Companies Like walmart, a Pizza Company where the owner just bought a 15 million mansion and he doesnt pay his employees a livable wage where they are forced to get food stamps and subsidies from the government . How can you justify ceos or manufacturers making tons more than what they used to make . They dont want to pay livable wage. Do you know why . Vietnam just doubled their wage, they went from . 50 an hour to one dollar an hour. Host thank you. Guest i think that kind of disparity is important. I would be remiss if i didnt point out that in manufacturing, the wages for average workers are 20 higher than in the rest of the private sector so they is actually a premium for the manufacturing jobs. And you can find examples of excess ceo compensation but i think they are more prevalent in the Financial Services and a lot of companies in the United States realized that the way they will compete is not a race to the bottom. We will not beat vietnam or bangladesh in wages. We dont want to do that. But if you invest in workers and invest in their skills, we will be more efficient and productive and stable. And ultimately, that is an important factor. So manufacturing wages, this is particularly important for men and women who dont have a four Year College Degree it is one of the few remaining paths to achieving the american dream. So that is why both vincent and i are such proponents of this sector in the economy because there really is no substitute. From new york, republican line, youre on with our guest. Very interesting segue. You spoke about something i want to bring up. Students in twoyear and fouryear universities are close to an alltime high. How does the manufacturing stereotypedress the or belief that students with Higher Education are looking to going to jobs that are specifically in manufacturing. Because they have the expectations that their degree will earn them some kind of income and employment easement and also the filmmaker, did you run into any of these issues when you were going through interviewing people and learning their stories . Guest michael in your home state of new york, theres a great example of this with ptech, it was a partnership that was formed with ibm and the school system, it started in brooklyn, one school. Since then it expanded throughout the state to other states and other countries, and it is really about connecting Workforce Development for kids at an earlier age. We go into the idea that kids finish high school, theyre looking at what college they want to go to, put all this investment in student debt, whatever it is, get this piece of paper and that piece of paper doesnt mean what it meant 15 or 20 years ago. Ultimately we have to be connected to Workforce Development, apprenticeships interning, doing things, that is the future of this, to get kids to realize that there are liveable wage necessary manufacturing, manufacturing isnt dark and dirty, its a much different world than it was before and we need to embrace that as leaders in our communities and understanding the importance of education. Host mr. Paul, if that is true, what are wages were talking about if they choose trade schools or some other way besides college . Guest it is possible, steelworkers program, if you complete basically two years of posthigh School Education and a lot of that is handson trading like welding or learning electrical circuits, you can make a starting salary at 70,000 which in these areas of the country is a very good family supporting wage. But again, overall, with something between a high school and a college certificate, youre going to get a wage premium that is 20 better than the rest of the private sector. It is worth pointing out, though, in the 50s and 60s, kids go straight from high school into manufacturing and you could have a career in manufacturing with a pension. Now those jobs are vanishing, if not gone altogether. You do need an additional credential, but with that, yeah, you dont need four years of college debt and you can provide for your family, you can save for retirement, have a good healthcare plan, it is entirely possible to do that if we find pipelines, create them in high school and Technical College and if we have a Robust Manufacturing environment, where were adding jobs rather than seeing them go offshore. Host from maine, hes in manufacturing. Go ahead. Caller yes, thank god for cspan, im totally addicted. I wanted to talk about, retired from manufacturing 36 years and it was a month, all drilled into our heads over those years, safety, quality, schedule, cost. We would say we wanted to safely produce a quality product on time at the lowest cost. I wonder if the panelist can talk about how metrics portray it to other organizations, especially congress . Guest you know, toyota really started that model and i think that it was replicated and refined into something that really helped to start the concept through manufacturing to the distribution of something. Youre right, you know, those are great things, keeping it safe, being slim in manufacturing to make sure youre not wasteful with the product and helping to reach consumer with a quality product, something america always looked great at. Scott and i talked before, it is important that outside of just helping people in our country, we have this idea, the brand, what it means to make thing in america. New balance, an example, a lot of shoes overseas made in america, there is demand for americanmade shoes, which is mind blowing to me. Anything to add . Guest i would add, i dont know what will get congress to change. Weve tried a couple different ways and weve been unsuccessful. At the alliance, we work with labor and business and oftentimes on the factory floor, there can be differences, as you know and others know, you have collaboration between management and workers, you can get a lot of stuff done and i think listening to their voice is important. When we go into offices, we can have a corporate c. E. O. , Labor Union President , and they it defies stereotype and were able to make progress that way. That might show, at least a green shoot of hope on how to get more things done. Host the debate over the tax bill in the house and senate side, potential of holding off Corporate Tax rate on the senate side, what is impact on the industry, particularly manufacturing . Guest i think everybody is trying to figure out what the impact is for their individual enterprise. I do think this, you have to balance the amount of debt were going to incur as a society because if youre adding trillions of dollars of debt, have you to borrow it and china has been a big financier and that helps to create imbalances that we have, versus having a competitive tax structure. These are difficult issues, i dont pretend to know all the answers. As we move forward, i hope that when the debate gets going, those are some guard rails that are in place, we have a competitive tax code, but one that will not saddle us with exceptional amount of debt. Host while the president overseas, the trade imbalance between china and the United States, the president not necessarily blaming china, what is your reaction . Guest i was shocked, actually, quite shocked. It was pandering to your audience there, i think he should have done a much better job being more direct about how completely dissatisfied we are with the trade relationship with china, with the theft of intellectual property, with engagement of beijing and their economy, state capitalism. We have private sector firms all over the United States trying to compete against the chinese government. If you say, i dont blame you and there were no policy concessions that were made on this entire trip. That to me is stunning from a president that said he will reform trade policy and shake things up. Putting rhetoric aside, you have to deliver results and there havent been any there. It is deeply frustrating, i know to me and the folks host i saw you shaking your head, you want to weigh in . Guest no, it is just disappointing, without being political, you want behind any policy moving, but do what you say you are going to do. Ultimately, if youre talking negatively about some policy and things happening and you are there and not trying to, you know, address those things, weve got a problem and its disheartening, i hope thing can change in the future, im trying to be optimistic, but it is not looking good when it comes to that. Host darline, who work in manufacturing, in michigan. Hi, darline. Caller hi, good morning, everyone. Thank you for taking my call. Its actually my husband that works in manufacturing. As nafta was passed, we went through from then to now, 14 job changes. It was his job to take these jobs overseas and do the Quality Control part of it and, you know, we saw first hand every time he came back and got a new job, it was for less money and less benefits. And at 68, hes still working, making twothirds of what he used to make, with no benefits and its been really hard. I think what hurts america, nobody really talks, what does it take for a family to actually whats a living wage, where you can have a car, two cars, both people working, save for retirement, you can save for college, have good vacation, one vacation for a week a year, you know, nobodys talking what that magic number is and i know it varies between state and like new york and michigan, but there is still such you know, i still see were going down because people going into manufacturing are happy to get 15 an hour job. Host thank you. I imagine those stories played out for those you interviewed for your film . Guest definitely. I think its hard to realize what a liveable wage means now to what it was before. I think it is also back to what i said about how manufacturing has changed. Its much more automated, takes less people to do things, many more previous, on top of that, the technology requires where you are not just learning a skill and moving on, the skill has to continually be followed up on to be prepared for the way the technology is changing and the way youre how manufacturing is changing. With that being said to liveable wage, i dont know, i dont have a good answer. I think scott would, we definitely experience people that felt like still in the manufacturing sector, its harder and the job has changed, but theyre finding a way to make it work. Host carry on with automation and what automation is facing. Guest factories are highly automated. We have seen ways of automation for decades now. If you are looking at primary driver of manufacturing job losses, it is not automation, it is a wave of chinese import, slow growth in the United States, weve been able to absorb automation through new product development, growing market share and that is where we run into trouble. Our share of global exports, since china came on to the scene is down 13 to 9 , that is noticeable impact, Slower Growth over the last 15 years than prior to that. And im really confident and i dont know workers who are terrified of automation, Something Like this, is going to happen, will i have skills that i need to be able to deal with robotics and more types of autonomous equipment . That is important to them. Will my government fight for market share . Will we have a policy that will allow that . Someone will build the autonomous vehicle, the robots, someone will build man mission to mars, i want it to be us. It is not a question about automation what are the economic policies to get us there . That is where weve been short in the debate. Host democrats line, ted, hello. Caller hello there, pedro. I would like to ask scott, one of the first things, i have two. On manufacturers that are coming in, i notice when you peel back the labels on the drugs, theyre either made in india or china and, you know, they keep pushing these manufactured in america and stuff, but in reality, most of the raw material comes out of other countries that make our drugs and we have no control over it, what do you think as manufacturers . Guest yeah, im concerned about drug imports. I dont think, again, we need a wall of tariffs or those types of boundaries across our country, but i think it is important to understand what some implications are. Are they tested . Are they wholesome . We had an incident from china with tainted heparin that resulted in a number of deaths in the United States. What kind of safeguards are there . Also about market share. China controls almost all production of vitamin c, is that, you know, present some risk . I think that these are questions that we need to explore and they are important. Consumers have a right to know where their products are being manufactured because that may play into their decision about whether to choose one item or the next and it is not something our lawmakers have explored enough. Host here is william in massachusetts. Hi, he works in the manufacturing industry. Caller hi, my name is william. I own a Manufacturing Company and one of the issues that were dealing with is i have molds in numerous factories throughout the United States and im hearing the same story from injection molders that i work with, because most of them are smaller, were dealing with Health Insurance and how its hard to pay for Health Insurance when you only have six or eight employees. I do have almost everything made in the United States and that has given me a little bit of a leg up. The other issue that were having to deal with is the impact that ecommerce is having on my business, in the Injection Molding business for the fishing lure industry. I was hoping you could comment about trying to help small manufacturers like myself and 8 or 10 manufacturers where i own molds deal with Health Insurance and how do we compete against the chinese, which are pushing us pretty hard, but they always say steel sharpens steel. Hopefully im able to survive. Host caller, thanks. Guest yeah, what i said earlier about branding. I think that most fishing friends i know would buy that American Made item over the one that is made in china and i think that is your answer for that side. Scott can speak about the health care side. Making it here will excite people more. Guest with respect to health care, it could be a big cost for employers and so how do you keep costs down, how do you provide a competitive benefits package because in a time of employment, a lot of competition for the worker. It seems to me a lot of folks need to provide something and how to understand widening scope to global context. Every competitor of the United States has a National Health care system and the costs are born by society at large and not by the employers. Im not making the argument we need to go to single payer, but it is important to understand the difference in cost structure compared to almost all global competitors and we havent come to grips with that and havent been a big enough part of the debate. Host Vincent Vittorio, American Made movie, americanmademovie. Com, is the website. We are also joined by scott paul with alliance for American Manufacturing. He serves as the president. You served on the president s council, why did you leave the council and do you regret the decision . Guest i dont regret the decision, it was the right decision to make. I was honored to be part of the council, we did important work with respect to apprenticeships. I have policy disagreements with the administration on climate, on refugee ban, but in the wake of charlottesville, i thought the president s response was completely inadequate and the right thing to do and i think this was a case where some of our countrys Corporate Leaders and im an associate leader, need to provide more leadership and i think it benefited us. Host as far as Current Administration, particularly when it comes to manufacturing, what do you think they are doing well and what can they improve upon . Guest things i think they are doing well, there have been a number of trade efforts that have been launched. I mean, none of them have landed and i think that is a challenge. But the fact you are reexamining nafta to improve it for workers in the United States, the fact that youre looking at initiating more cases with china to look for a level Playing Field, particularly in products like steel and aluminum, those are good things, none have landed yet, which is my concern. I like the fact that theyre still talking about infrastructure bill. I think we need to move a lot more rapidly to an infrastructure bill. That is going to be very important for American Manufacturing. Some Energy Policy has certainly benefited manufacturing, but like most administrations, i think the rhetoric on this, there is a big gap between what has been accomplished and where the rhetoric has been. I think there needs to be much more work done on getting the right kind of policies. Host lets go to phil, indianapolis, indiana. Good morning. Caller yeah. Good morning. I was in sales of Programmable Controllers in the 60s and 70s. The issue i think is education. Our children go through the midwest and you see decadence. China dumping in stores everywhere. Unemployed people stand around and drug abuse, i dont have to explain that. I traveled enough through and i know what washington is about. The lobbyists and globalists, this isnt tin foil stuff, it took them a while, but we know that the United States is a lot different, you have coastal elites and the lobbyists and people that engineered doddfrank. This entrepreneur, you would ask a High School Senior today, what that means, and is he an entrepreneur under socialism or capitalism . Host thank, caller. Guest back to the example from indianapolis, the caller is from there. A company made bearings to help machines go, you dont see them anywhere, no one buys a bearing, vincent doesnt buy a bearing, they are important in manufacturing. The company was a company that President Trump tweeted about, between the time he won the election to the time he took office. They were laying off workers, sending them to mexico and that was wrong. But it is a case study in all the wrong incentive. The company is owned by a private equity company, it wanted higher return for the shareholders, it was making a profit in indianapolis. It wasnt that it wasnt profitable, they could make more money by moving to mexico and paying workers less money. The fate of the workers in indianapolis, who have been laid off, reminds me of the other caller, her husband is working at the age of 68, that is their fate unfortunately. That is part of the anger and the despair you see in the United States today and there is not that conversation, taking place in washington, d. C. It is completely separated from what is happening in the country. Things may get worse before they get better and im deeply afraid of that, unless we get at the core issues. Guest you know, i continuing goes back to the education thing i mentioned earlier. This film has been put in middle schools and high schools, the reason why, it is about engaging kids, exciting them of the story of what manufacturing could be and getting them to ask questions. We are indoctrinated into the idea that the degree will take us and not what is the job i want. You know, i ask, i have four kids of my own and i ask, what do you want to be when you grow up and sometime its is less of, let it be that thing that we point out, astronaut, basketball player, but getting real with it and thinking what does it mean to say what is my education, what do the hobbies, the things i explore, what does that mean to the end result of the work force . Host from kentucky, republican line, richard, hello. Caller how you doing today . Im 70 years old, sir, i drove a truck for 35 years across the nation, i watch this unfold. The toys, the nation, the close. Wiped out by fuji film. America is not really giving the truth. A go to walmart and buy shirt for 7, the man that used public he shirt is on housing and welfare, it probably cost 30 of tax money. Losing that sight. You know, there is nothing i to scores today looking around and everything today is made in china. Say were going to give you money to get the economy going, fault, i tell people, work in steel plant, your job is next, they will never close down steel plants or factories, they close down everything for a profit. Host thank you. Point. I think ultimately it is the ublicly traded and private company because publicly traded company is all about that profit because theyre appealing to shareholders, trying to make an make the ow they can best product, get to the market place at lowest cost. Company, it is different, you can get someone ho has heart that understands community, the ome way to fix that privately held company with staying here or seeing value is getting consumers to come out and value what has that tag that looking atn america, that label, paying more careful attention to that. On it. My two cents host one more call, betty in pennsylvania, democrats line. Good morning. The war on ask you, that ment and how has affected the lack of policy for manufacturing . Host when you say war on mean . Ment, what do you caller well, since the last 50 our weve been attacking institutio institutions. Government isbig, big n. Reali a lot ity, we cant do without government. We wouldnt be where we are now without strong central government. Host betty, thank you. Mr. Paul. Unleashed the historian in me. The founder of American Manufacturing was alexander been newsworthy for a lot of other reasons over the last couple years. Wrote the first policy in 1791, part tofs look at the economy we wanted, rather than we had, egrerian, lantation slavebased, not manufacturing, and hamilton and washington were like, we need to going toitive if were be a growing nation, we need manufacturing. Government policy, tariffs at the time, internal mprovement, infrastructure, attracting people to manufacturing cities. Patterson, new jersey was the 1790s and in today weve lost sight of that, right, weve had a manufacturing strategy up to and through world war ii. Didnt have a lot of competition in the 50s and 60s, we have a lot of our policy hasnt adapted to that. It doesnt mean government manufacturing, it means and shing the beauty ingenutishgs y of workers, we investment, we need education and training policy, a better trade policy. We need to buy american and we good tax system. We can be competitive on the global stage, you are right manufacturing strategy some aybe a bad word for folks but it is something leader necessary both parties embraced for a long time. Votersit has support for and probably a lot of folks vincent talked to in the movie, as well. Definitely. As a story teller, im helping of questions a lot we dont understand and i think y having emotional connection to see people making sneakers in he new england area for new balance or by understanding the impact that a leader in greenwood, mississippi, had by his community to mark andle, a great example of what people can do by embracing and how de in america th congress day in and day out, about staying optimistic up for what we believe in, purchase power, what by supporting d Vincent Vittorio hes beenmade movie, joined by scott paul, for American Manufacturing, serves president , American Manufacturing. Org, the washington journal live every day with news and stories that impact you. Coming up, we discussed the future of the daca program. Then, we talked about tax reform efforts. What discussedre sexualharassment on capitol hill. Washingtonatch journal at 7 00 am. Tuesday, the Senate Finance committee continued his review of the Senate Republican tax reform and. Covert starting at 9 00 a. M. Eastern. Coverage starting at 9 00 a. M. Eastern. The Democratic Leaders in congress, Chuck Schumer and on the taxi, spoke reform proposals. They
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