the respective parties. to hear from you this morning mprticularly about the tru and bernie sanders campaigns. you may agree with these matters, you may not agree with him, but we are interested in hearing from you about why the public is interested, and why you think that is happening. from republicans. (202) 748-8000 for democrats. (202) 745-8002 for independents . if you want to let us know on social media, what is driving the trump and sanders on twitter.anwj facebook.com/cspan on facebook. this is from "the los angeles times," about the popular sentiment feeling both the bernie sanders and donald trump campaigns. host: again, your thoughts on what is driving people to the and sanders campaign. again, you may agree with them or not. for republicans. (202) 748-8000 for democrats. .202) 745-8002 for independents if you wouldn't mind, when you call in, let us know the candidate you are supporting as well, whether it be sanders, , or someone else. senator sanders was in south carolina yesterday. part of that rally, which you can see on our website later on, he explains what he thinks is the appeal about people being not established with politics and economics. here is a little bit from yesterday. [video clip] wherever i go: around the country, media come up to me and say, we are surprise, wiser so much excitement, why is there so much enthusiasm, why are you moving up in the polls? let me tell you what my answer is to them. my answer is that the american people are sick and tired with the establishment politics. [applause] tired with thend establishment economics. [applause] and frankly, their sick and tired of establishment media. [applause] the people of our country fully understand that corporate greed ofthis never ending greed more and more and more, no matter how much they have -- is destroying our economy. host: again, what do you think is driving the trump and sanders campaign? (202) 748-8001 for republicans. for democrats, (202) 748-8000. for independents, (202) 745-8002 . we will show you a little bit of donald trump in a minute, but let's start with marie from colorado, is supporter of hillary clinton. caller: good morning. thank you for taking my call. we watch c-span. we just love you. coverage -- t of to c-span's coverage. what fuels our choice for hillary clinton over bernie sanders was c-span's coverage from the national urban le leag. what was really interesting with a talked about the voting rights act, which hillary clinton forget the lest we black lives matter to end the police of young men by officers. we do need a strong leader and finally,-- although we like bernie a lot, what he has to say, i think it will get down to hillary and bush. i am forllary -- hillary, rather than jeb bush, because she has been the closest advisor -- she has been state attorney general, multi-term member,, key cabinet and she has had many independent accomplishments, including her drafting the multi-payer health care plan. host: if i could ask you a question, only because as you observe the sanders campaign, what you think is attracting people to bernie sanders? caller: i do believe that the whatall tenure, or feel -- can we say? feeling -- popular drive in the american electorate, which has been happening not just this time around, but it is very much populace. we saw that with john edwards, when he was contending in 2008. beenopulist platform has very dynamic in a lot of regions across the country. that is why i believe both bernie sanders and donald trump appeals to that popular sentiment. host: got you. we will have to leave it there to get to more calls. in pennsylvania, lee, good morning. i had a local politician asked me, why don't i take my public paid pension -- i am over go to florida or las vegas. it is not organized yet. i want to stay here. during my years in concrete, i picked up a degree, and i will report to the corner barbershop walking -- it is before your was, when haircare considered a profession near the doctor. until then, the politicians are hiking, yes we need them for foreign policy. until we get back to a situation similar to the 1950's, we will be floundering worldwide. maryland. from we asking folks about the trump and sanders campaign, what you think is feeling support? caller: something i would like -- the previous caller about hillary, with any buck, hillary will be indicted on about half a .ozen charges i'm not sure i am a trump fan, but for 30 years, conservatives have been pushing policies to forerve -- in theory -- 30 years, they have done nothing but lose. there are disaffected voters that thing, why not, let's roll the dice on the guy that makes the most splash. is it by? i'm not sure. i'm not sure trump is my guide. those people you saw in mobile are very frustrated about being ignored from an establishment that doesn't listen. you look at what you had. 30,000 people in mobile, all of whom probably voted for 2000. bush back in what have they gone for a? nothing. they get abused in the press, they are disaffected, and people are fed up. represents a source of open populism that has not been seen in this country for lunchtime. host: what you said earlier about the political candidates and about trump, you said you are undecided. what do you think will ultimately sway your decision? f trump can articulate a little better his policy, maybe that would push me over the edge. he does not come across as very polished. i don't think he knows exactly what he wants to do. he is able to express this frustration with the system in a way that, if other republicans could harness some of that power, some more season -- this is rand paul's natural base that he spoke to last night, but it is not going anywhere for his campaign, trump has the personality. host: that his jack in maryland talking about what he sees and donald trump. the cnn website has an people whenf 30,000 it comes to the rally last night in alabama. to show you a little bit from last night, donald trump talking about what he thinks is his appeal to voters. [video clip] the reason people like what i am saying is because i want to put that energy -- whatever the hell type of energy -- i know how to do things. know, we are building on pennsylvania avenue, right opposite -- you know, between the white house and post office. slogan, get the post office. i got it. and i got it from the obama administration. that is dealmaking. i got it. they did the right thing because we are doing a great job. they wanted to make sure it got done. here's a story. it is now under budget and ahead of schedule. do you ever hear that from government? donaldgain, there is trump. by the way, senator sanders did a call-in program on this network, which you can also see on our website, c-span.org. we are asking what you think is driving these campaigns? a sanders supporter, hello. bernie i think what sanders has tapped into is the general frustration of voters. the last caller stated that he thought republicans have lost in republican principles, and that sort of thing. republican governors control, i think, like 37 states. what we are experiencing now is the residue of republican policy, in terms of what happened with the rush to war and the economic collapse. i think what bernie sanders is tapping into is the fact that we, the people, what we could do together -- that is the key. want,n elect whomever you but there is congress to deal politicste, and local to deal with. bernie sanders says that what we can do together is greater than what one man can do alone. donald trump reminds me of someone who is running for boorishcouncil -- this -- i don't see how it appeals to anyone who is thinking about serious issues and where we need to go as a nation. i will leave it there. from that was richard omaha, nebraska. if you go to the pages of "the morning, ames" this story about those close to joe biden looking out to potential supporters about running. next from vicki, from texas, who says she is a biden supporter, if he runs. caller: i don't really believe real.rump is really for i believe what he is doing is making people -- making people that feel a certain way, the way he speaks, he is too abrupt for me. i am afraid that if he does get in office, he will say whatever he wants to say. it will be offensive to people. i don't really understand why bernie sanders is an independent, running as democrat, but i am not really into politics to that effect. biden werehat is f to run, i would vote for him. what the media is doing with trump is wearing people out. host: why not bernie sanders? why not hillary clinton? me personally, i wouldn't vote for hillary clinton, even though i am a democrat, i just don't trust her. i don't believe she needs to be in office. i don't believe she did standpoint, asmy secretary of state. i know she has held a lot of different offices. i just don't believe she should be the president. if we are looking for a woman to be present, there are other viable candidates out there as well. host: judy is an anchorage, alaska, a ted cruz the border. how are you? caller: thank you very much. host: you are on, go ahead. the originalnk question was why do i think people are supporting trump and bernie sanders. i think they both have a certain populist appeal. i think i would say that for areers, i think they really a lot of people in this country who are truly, sincerely, philosophically -- they have a socialist philosophy. they really believe it is immoral to have inequality. folks who believe that pay is better based on seniority -- they might even call, when people talk about paying on merit, they might consider it an aggression. from my perspective, there is a lot of envy involved. i think there is a lot of distrust of inequality. there is a large segment of the population that really, sincerely believes that a is alist kind of country moral country. i think sanders has appeal to that. host: what you like about senator ted cruz? caller: first all, i think he is brilliant. i think he did a great job before the supreme court. i think he really does believe in limited government. i think his view of the constitution is much more in line with mine. we ought to freely take his words -- it's words to mean exactly what the word say. if we want to change it, i think toought to use the rules change the constitution, rather than try to do it by judicial fiat. host: here is at them massachusetts, supporter of donald trump. honest with you, i like what bernie sanders had to say. the reason i like donald trump -- i am starting to listen to what he is saying, and a reporter asked him, do you think we should put fines on employers . if we build the wall, that will not do anything. nothing will stop them unless you start fining employers. what i don't like about bernie sanders is he doesn't want to throw out the illegals. we have 10 million people that came in on visas. 15 million in the last six years. if don't even keep track of they overstay their visas. that is lowering wages. c-span should be on basic cable so that poor people can watch this. i believe that our media is so corrupt, it is unbelievable. .e need to have public news i wish that people would start listening. host: frank is in pennsylvania, he is up next. frank, we are talking about the p and sanders campaigns. good morning. go ahead. caller: what is driving support of them -- they don't listen. host: what do you mean by that? caller: what do i mean by that? keep talking. you can't listen to the tv. talk to me. , ifer: what i am saying they don't vote, they get what they got. we got in congress that did not do anything. president obama is doing all this stuff that they say they are to do, but they have no cooperation. he wanted immigration. host: ok. let's go to sally in new york, republican line, a supporter of donald trump. good morning. caller: well, i'm not sure i am a supportive donald trump yet. it is way too early. anything can happen at this point. i'm waiting to see who will flesh out the policies in the way i like. becausetrump is surging this man has been a household name in our country for decades. he is a celebrity. , his household name, and things like that, the media just sort of glosses over. that is a huge reason why he has gotten attention. both of these men, trump and sanders, are from new york. they had charisma. people are attracted to straight talking new yorkers who tell you like it is. .hose may be factors as far sanders goes, but basic, the e-mail scandal is not helping hillary. i live 20 minutes from her. she was keeping a server in a small residential neighborhood on a cul-de-sac -- not really fortified, having confidential information. we all know, and need to remember, and the media doesn't talk about this much, we have heard clinton scandals going back to whitewater. when you think about it, when she had her big opportunity to bring forth the health care plan during her husband's presidency, it was a big nothing. but she is wait and see. sanders is surging partially because hillary is faltering. host: with your from fred next in huntsville, alabama. caller: good morning, pedro. really quick, a quick civics know. congress is the house and senate, not just the house. people get that confused. and sanders, these two guys are doing a man dug great service. that is why all these other politicians want to get them out as soon as possible because they theexposing them to all criminal stuff they are doing with the smoke-filled rooms and the backdoors -- talking to the people who contribute to the campaign's, and the special interests people. donald trump is exposing these people in washington. any sanders, but the problem with bernie sanders is he is too far to the left. every able-bodied person in this country, under the age of 62, should be working. if you have to work two jobs, three jobs, whatever, you should be working. with donald trump, he doesn't want to be president, he was to show what is happening. neither one of them really want to be country. they are just exposing what are criminal government is doing. kendallindle is from -- is from texas. caller: can you hear me? host: go ahead. withr: actually, i agree some of what the last caller from alabama was saying. the fact that donald trump and sanders are exposing a lot of our government for what they're doing currently. realistically, i can't support any of the gop candidates besides donald trump, and maybe rand paul. host: lee from california, colligan talking about the trump and sanders campaigns, and what is driving interest in them. hello. caller: i just am calling to say i am for trump. i think the democrats are all hypocrites. it is always someone else's money. excuse me -- host: what are the policies of donald trump that you like the most? caller: i like his immigration policy. being born in the united states doesn't make you a united states citizen. host: clarence up next from sarasota, florida. undecided currently. caller: good morning. hello? host: you are on, go ahead. typically'm calling -- i am a hillary supporter. with herme concerns entitlement attitude, and also the business with her server. i think that is going to possibly hurt her and make her unelectable, with respect to why trump and sanders are appealing, i think sanders appeals to the people because the corporate greed is an issue. it is something people are concerned about. at the same time, people have investments, and donald trump being a financial person, who has been successful, we sort of are hoping, in the back of our minds, he can liberate us from mely that wel re have been experiencing. host: you know the candidates go box toear at the soap buc engage with voters. at noon today, you can hear from new jersey governor chris christie. in the next hour, 1:00 in the afternoon, governor bobby jindal, the republican governor of louisiana and presidential candidate, also. for more formation on all of these events, we invite you to go to the website, c-span.org, where not only can you find out information and see speeches, but get more information on that as well. again, that is c-span.org. if you are just joining us, we are asking about the campaigns of donald trump and bernie sanders, and what you think is driving people to support those campaigns. the lines will be on your screen. republicans, (202) 748-8001. democrats, (202) 748-8000. .ndependents, (202) 745-8002 we'll go next to rob it virginia. caller: hello. i just got through watching bernie sanders. thingshim credit for the -- the issues he made a good point on. i just got, in my opinion, i get the feeling that he was using -- in other words, he did not have his own originality. it was like he was riding on the coattails of donald trump. some of the stuff that donald has already said before bernie sanders said. host: you identify yourself as a donald trump supporter. when did that happen for you? the first time i heard him talk. then, of course, i have known about him. i have kind of followed his life. i know he has been bankrupt three times, and now he is worth between $9.8 billion and $10 billion. i know he is hard-driving. i actually, i have been a videographer, and i know about editing and the media. i tell you, he is a straight shooter. -- everybody it know in life are registered voters, and they do go out and vote. i do too. two localy missed elections. i have never missed a presidential election since i was 18 years old. said, he has got a huge constituency. we live in a very economically depressed region, and that is probably my number one support for him -- he is wanting to bring economics back. host: got you. we will move on to robert in long beach, california. democrats line, and supporter of hillary clinton. good morning. may, i would like to speak on the bernie sanders issue. i want to read his book because it sounds like a pretty decent book. i do support hillary clinton, and i will tell you why. i think hillary clinton has a husband that serves three terms in the white house, and i would like to see michelle obama as vice president because her husband served to terms in the white house. i don't know if michelle obama is interested. god bless you all. host: bernie sanders appearing in south carolina. the paper saying, large crowds at these dots he is making -- at the stops he is making. he talked about working families, and what he would like to do for them. here is a bit of his speech. [video clip] honestsanders: let me be with you and tell you what no other president will tell you. it doesn't matter who is elected president of the united states, no matter how good he or she might be, that person cannot address the enormous problems facing working families and the middle class because of the big money interests in this country. [applause] truth, and it is an uncomfortable truth. what i'm calling for is not just your support to elect me as president, i am asking you to be part of a political revolution. [applause] a revolution which transforms our country economically, politically, socially, and environmentally. that is bernie sanders from yesterday. if you go back a few days in "the washington post," aps saying the one big reason neither donald trump nor bernie sanders can keep this up. host: again, you may support the candidates. you may support someone else. we are interested in finding out what you think, at least, about what is driving support for these campaigns. next, he says he is undecided, calling from new jersey. caller: good morning. while i have my topic set out for you, i heard someone mention michelle obama. i think they should really be talking about colin powell because he told bush, if you break iraq, you have to fix it. let me get back, but who they should also think about -- who i am thinking about is bernie sanders. trump, i don't think trump wants to run. i think he wants to show all the points that should be considered in the overall election. i am not feeling him wanting to run because of the way he is talking. that is the point i want to make. i don't think he wants to run. ofders is putting out a lot points, i like him, but to me, he is a little soft to be president. i'm not sure who i can vote for yet. host: another undecided voter in wisconsin, this is gary, calling on the republican line. good morning. caller: bernie sanders campaign turniven by the desire to america into greece, or for that matter, detroit, by redistributing wealth and punishing success. he wants to influence voters by promising heaven on earth using other people's money, but wants brothers, the koch and they use their own money. when it comes to fair share, when the top 1% says something 10% -- pay something like of the taxes, he has no idea what the fair share means. they can really except equality because that would mean equal responsibility. my take on the election is i prefer, right now, carly fiorina or dr. carson. i do like trump's initiative and ambition. host: y carly fiorina and carson -- why carly fiorina and carson? caller: i like carly fiorina success prior to being a politician. responses onick gue.tip of her ton she seems to be well-versed and knowledgeable. ist: as we go down a bit, it a long way before a candidate is endsed, but what if it i up being jeb bush or marco rubio, or someone like that? caller: exactly. ashley, houston, texas, supporter of hillary clinton. good morning. caller: good morning. i'm probably going to vote for hillary. as far as donald trump is concerned, i can't imagine donald trump. he doesn't have the temperament, or the intellect, to be president. anything. imagine him dealing with foreign leaders. there is no way i could support him. hillary is probably going to be my choice. paid very muchy attention to bernie sanders. i'm going to have to listen, and see more about what he is saying. as far as trump is concerned, that is completely out of the question. host: as you consider potential people you want to vote for, what are the top important things that you want a candidate to talk to you about? what are some of the things you are most interested in as far as policy? always inm interested dst of ag in the mi war. i think you have to have a certain amount of temperament, columnist, and all of these things to be president. i just don't think you can deal with foreign countries, and having leaders, without some form of temperament and stopping yourself from going overboard about everything. that is why i could never support trump. i am a democrat anyway, so it will probably support hillary. host: ashley and texas talking about the trump and sanders camping gear donald trump in mobile, alabama yesterday. one of the things he talked about was jobs and many, and what he would do about it. [video clip] donald trump: i will call people, and i will say, listen, here is a story. to charge you a for working0% tax in mexico. that tax will be for every car and truck that comes into the united states. here is what is going to happen. me thell come back to following day -- i would say the following afternoon. at it is 12:00 -- lo they will come back. within 24 hours, they will call and say, mr. president, what you are doing to us is terrible. we will build the plant and the united states. 100%. i will say the same thing to nabisco. it doesn't help us. when you look at what is going is -- whent nabisco nabisco is closing and so many places, and the kind of money that these countries are making. so many countries. we don't have anything left. we are running on fumes. there's nothing here. when you look at what happens, they are so much smarter, and we're not going to have a country left. host: let's hear from jim and south carolina, republican line, a supporter of scott walker. caller: i worry about a politician that can never smile. i never see bernie sanders smile. one of your callers said about income inequality, that he would address that. to go to whoseon idea of income inequality? no government has ever made anything equal without other germanic problems. i just wanted to know, it ernie was really for a quality, why did he give some of his tv time to lincoln chafee and other candidates? there's a new politically incorrect term dealing with trump you cannot say anymore playing bridge. it is interesting watching them shake up the political dynamics. host: you said your support of scott walker, why is that? caller: he has proven his manner as a governor. he is an government -- in government. he does try to work things out, albeit the far left doesn't like them, but he has stood up to the status quo. he has gone through a hard school of knots. unfortunately, he is not very charismatic and persuasive like trump. host: there is a headline in " aboutshington post scott walker's campaign. i will read you the headline. "thinking in the polls, walker tries to shed his boring image." what is your reaction to that? caller: it is a shame that as voters, we flocked to the charismatic candidate. no one spends money without an effect or reason. they don't want to spend the money, but they have to because we are now the entertainment generation, we like watching 32nd sound bites, and we respond . when we talk about money being spent in politics, it is what we respond to. otherwise, they would not need to spend the money, and we could read up on the candidates ourselves, and take time to be good citizens. now, people really don't want to do that. um the to the newse other day in washington, d.c., and you look at the old that,pers -- reading people seem to be more educated. i remember in the 1980's, when you went to the checkout line "time," nowsweek," ."u just see "inquire no wonder they have to run these ads to get people's attention, and then we complain about the money they spend. host: let's hear from kathy and michigan, on the independent line, a supporter of donald trump. caller: i am a supporter of donald trump. i have been watching him for years. his outspokenness, i do cut through and understand what he is trying to say. i agree with his foreign policy. one or two appearances before -- , think it was really missed when he was speaking about obamacare. i work in the medical profession. the one thing i do see that he thatention was missed was failed to rail in the insurance companies. the impact of what the insurance companies will or will not approve, cover, not cover is really impacting patients. i caught that. i like his outspokenness. to, fordy for someone lack of a better word, be a bully in the presidency. i can't wait to see him deal with the middle east. finesse tohas enough deal with countries that we are partners with. he is smart. he is not going to turn away our friends. i think he will be tough on the middle east. there is so much that, when i i agree with. i will be supporting trump. host: one more call on this topic. from florida, a supporter of bernie sanders. caller: i just wanted to call and say that for anyone on the fence about who they will vote for, even people who are still saying, i will vote for trump, they really need to take a look at bernie sanders. look past the label and look at his policy. look at him as the person that he is. bernie has been fighting for the same thing for 40 years. it is only now that our society has caught up with them. when bernie is speaking, he is telling the truth. he doesn't talk and round circle vaguehat give you ideas. he is right. we are supposedly supposed to be number one in the world, but we are behind the rest of the industrialized world and health care, education, and the way we take care of our veterans. for all these people who are for donald trump's foreign-policy, i hope they understand that when we say we will go in and take iran's oil, that means war. ort means there sons daughters or grandchildren may be going to fight that war. donald trump will not, and his children certainly will not. iraq,couldn't do it in what makes them think we can do it in iran. we have come to a point in history where we really need to think about diplomacy. stepping back and taking a breath, instead of always beating on the drums of war. i want to know why there is always money for bombs, missiles, jets, and all this other stuff, but there's never money when these veterans come home. host: ok. you will be the last call on this topic. coming up, the presidential race has brought new discussions about immigration. especially this last week, you heard ideas about the birthright citizenship, the border wall, also its of topics. us --l have to guest join us, alli newining re:ney and mark krikorian -- noorani and mark krikorian. all of that as "washington journal" continues. ♪ >> saturday, august 29 marks the 10th anniversary of hurricane katrina, one of the five deadly storms in america's history. c-span coverage begins life monday at 10:00 eastern at the atlantic magazine conference in new orleans, and all day event. 8:00, more from the new orleans conference. at 9:30. a 2005 hearing describing people's experience with the store. thesey loaded us up on military trucks and declared the city of new orleans a war zone. westill didn't sink in that were the prisoners of war. >> on wednesday night at 8:00, c-span's 2006 tour of hurricane damage in st. bernard parish, louisiana. >>borah all your friends -- all your friends, your family, they are gone. now, a year later, you don't see the people you used to see. iyou don't forget it. >> followed at 9:00 with a town hall meeting in new orleans moderated by the then mayor. >> i am relying on you. you to represent me on the local level. i don't know where to go. i don't know what else to do. >> thursday night starting at 8:00, more from the atlantic .onference in new orleans at 9:00, we will show you president obama's trip to the recovery effort, 10 years later. >> this week on "first lady's influence an image," we hear about ireland and use wilson -- edith wilson. president woodrow wilson hearried edith wilson, and suffered a stroke, making her his companion. she was also the first first lady to travel to europe. eastern onat 8:00 c-span's original series, "first ."dies: influence an image or for martha washington to michelle obama. american history tv on c-span 3. >> "washington journal" continues. host: a discussion about immigration issues and campaign -- in campaign 2016. two guests joining us. mark krikorian of the center for immigration studies. of theli noorani national immigration forum. guest: so far, it is all immigration all the time. on the republican side, you have candidate trump driving the field to the extreme right, where you have a, in our opinion, disasters immigration policy. on the left, you have hillary clinton and bernie sanders, and martin o'malley, tried to compete for the latino vote that they know will be incredibly important in the election. that is really the mystery of the spirit on the republican side, they know that in order to get to the white house, they will need has been, but they are failing to make a compelling case at this point. host: mark krikorian, how is it being cast this time around? guest: my sense is we are seeing shaking the traditional cards. is talking about getting the aesthetic for up to a certain percent, i'm not convinced. immigration is something that is left versus rightvers but up versus down. they don't understand why the public is concerned about this. sanders and trump are not conventional left-right candidates. is ank what you are seeing real reshuffling of the deck for fullump -- disclosure, i'm not a big fan of -- is actually expanding a lot of the potential republican voters or voters interested in the republican race because he is talking about issues that a lot of the conventional republican candidates really don't want to address in a detailed way. they want to audit a few cliches utter a few cliches because they don't want to upset their donors. that is getting attention. a lot of black voters are saying, we want to look at this, when ordinarily, they would not be paying attention to a republican race. i think trump and sanders are shaking things up in a way that the usual republican versus democrat correlation of forces is breaking down. guest: mark has a very good point, right out of the gate this morning. , when you look at support across the country, on congress, it is one of the few public policy issues that has support across the political spectrum. when you look at polling, anywhere between 65%-70% will support immigration reform. on how you asked the question. there is no other public policy issue that has that foot of depth-- that sort of across the political spectrum. realizel candidates that yes, it is good for hispanic voters, but there are conservative voters who want a rational, compassionate, and smart approach to the immigration system. host: gallup just did a poll on that two, and it said out of three want to see those living here in the country, they want to see them become citizens. guest: a lot of the polling is hilarious. they asked, do you want to allow whow-abiding immigrant calls their mother every sunday and rescues kittens and in want to loado you them in boxcars and leave them in the desert? it is binary. much of the public is resigning to accepting some sort of amnesty for a large share of the illegal population -- the rapist and murderers. what the polling doesn't get at and what ali doesn't want to explain in detail is what are the preconditions for that kind of support? think there is public support, at least resignation, for an amnesty, but only as the closing credits of a movie. only after we have fixed the problem that has created an 11egal population of million or 12 million in the first place. that commitment moving forward -- there is no credibility on the part of politicians for the public. the public simply doesn't believe that this time we are serious and will enforce laws. had the same deal -- amnesty now in exchange for promises in the future. the old saying is full me once, shame on you. me.me twice, shame on enforcement has to happen for us, and it has not happened. guest: i would argue that at this point we have an enforcement only immigration system. we are spending billions of dollars on the border. when you look at border enforcement, it is the largest love with the agency in the country. we are doubling, tripling, if borderdrupling down on protection. ool me threeful times, it is time for another option. created ahey never legal immigration system. that is the challenge here. we need to create a legal immigration system that visa when the economys is booming. we don't have that balance right now. that is why people feel like, what is my stake in this? is the serving my interest? at the end of the day, people are worried and concerned about their ability to make ends host: the numbers are on the creen if you want to ask questions about immigration campaign ecially in 2016. for t aside a line immigrants also. r. krikorian what does enforcement look like to you and s there a candidate even if donald trump speaking closely to what you would like to see? guest: ali said we have been spending on enforcement. doing is at been the physical border with mexico. that is not nothing. that is very important. starting with the clinton dministration we have spent significantly and extended border. on the the border patrol significantly larger than it used to be. but to is necessary this day the border patrol is bout a third smaller than the new york police department. it is not as though there we overboard. this is what is important and i think trump is talking about the and everybody else, as of illegal 1,000 immigrants that will settle in the united states today, about a day, most come in on isas and don't leave and we don't have a good way of checking people out. checking them in. if you don't know who left you don't know who is here. congress the past 20 years has mandated eight times the electronic che checkout system for foreign visitors. still not in miss. until some -- not in place. some elements such as people when they hire they know they are being lied to, until they are in place we been demanded for decades and still are not in place, we having a be discussion about what to do about the illegal immigrants who are here. first you need to plug the hole boat.e needs to be done. needs to be put in place in parallel. resources orcement are facing this, the 11 million the overwhelming majority are contributing to the economy. e need to take them and figure out who is here and who is going learn a fine, who will english and prove they are of good moral character and start a process of legal status. ou take that 11 million and shrink it and focus the law enforcement resources. well you are able to implement whether it is an interagency system original e-verify in an effective way. right now we would be spending money hand over fist to go over a haystack that there is a solution. that creates millions of taxpayers. guest: there are two issues. e-verify seems like and exit tracking, visa tracking have to check people out nothing really to do with the illegal immigrants that are here. e-verify is new people hired and people cking about new had overstay visas. woulda practical sense it distract because it is an enormous challenge. umber two there is the political incentives. even those people -- and i'm ali is serious and sincere about his commitment enforcement ng the measures and there are probably some congressmen who are telling their commitment to implementing these enforcement methods. the if they are telling truth, once people are legalized happens right away -- all the incentive to commit getting this enforcement thing done, funded, pushed hrough the bureaucracy, resist the courtroom jihad that will aclu and others the incentive to follow through evaporates. that is what we saw in 1986 f. t 1986 the basic deal was the amnesty mmigrants got in exchange for banning the future nt for the illegal immigrants. it was employer sanctions. happened and the illegal immigrants got amnesty, took a process years to everybody and then one of the ore actors in that deal, national council said we have to get rid of the employer sanctions. they were welshing on the deal. runs thor of the report immigration policy for the white house. so why anybody would believe bait an switchof wouldn't happen again is beyond me. let's start with the first maryland.eenbelt, democrats line. caller: good morning, c-span. i'm a democrat and african-american scientist and i speak german and spanish. i'm concerned. supporting hillary clinton and she is the only one the command in chief qualities and she has put this country on the map as secretary of state. bad mistake when ou say one of your guests says african-americans consider donald trump. we is a bad choice because have latinos in this country oming from south america and other parts of the world and doing a great job in this country. diligent workers and intelligent people. to demonize like donald trump is is a very bad mistake especially in the south. become conscious of a mult people.ional you can't run for president and hope to win without multicultural support. i think that we would consider donald trump as a very bad decision. bernie sanders is good ut i don't think he will be overtake the front-runner in the democrat i would be supportive be hillary it will clinton. guest: quite an endorsement there. 1986 between amnesty back k put it and reining enforcement, our economy depends ability to balance the current need of the workforce grow.w things will researchers have shown that over 1.4 to 1.6 re is trillion dollar improvement to g.d.p. with immigration reform. th a function a.m. immigration system and such as nts measures e-verify. if you just do one thing such as gains are all the losses and they are losses to the economy. taxpayers ot take annual workers out of the economy. we should grow and add. that has made us great. krikorian. guest: ali is saying the way to deal with immigration is pretty in of coureverybody that corporations want to come in. we passed a law in 1990 after 1986 amnesty which dramatically increased legal immigration but it increased illegal. more legal immigration always leads to more illegal do gration unless you whether the logic of ali's position suggests, which is you who wants to dy come in. then you don't have any illegal immigration. true, but i think it is seriously detrimental to american orkers, to taxpayers, to have high levels ven current high levels of immigration. that is is one thing trump's policy paper, which i'm not sure even read but the one he released about a week ago for more is the need moderate level, curbing current immigration levels. specifics have any but the idea of dialing back which is n from 11, where it is now, is an thing and it is going to require enforcement because here's an unlimited number of people who would move to the united states if they could do we end the all caps. my logic is one, not that we are advocating for an unlimited number of or oeulgs., legal we would rather see an end to illegal immigration. is saying is that to ial back immigration means we want to contract our work forms. of ant to limit the number farm workers coming in. decrease the number of farm of ers, decrease the number engineers and decrease the number of folks contributing to grow.conomy and helping us keep the best and bright epls out of the country and so the united states. that is the logic that mark is putting forward. we need to contract. we don't agree. we believe we need to expand and we have to have an immigration system that strikes a balance between what our currently and what our economy needs moving forward. that is what is missing. we have to have caps. we need to have a system that fluctuates with the economy. that means that the status quo undermining american week, needs to end. host: we will take a call. georgia, bobby is next. caller: can you hear me? you are on. caller: i think the topic itself confusing because we keep mixing two topics. ne immigration and one illegal tkpwraeupl segregation. missing one hat is should be from the center of study and ration other from the national illegal immigration forum because they immigration legal and that is what is confusing. topic c-span would do a on legal immigration, tell people how many people come in explain the process and then so people can have a on how great this country is when it comes to heal immigration. that might help when we turn around and talk about illegal. right now they are conflate past the two and talking each other and not helping. as far as donald trump is i love d i'm black and him but i don't want him to be president because i do like him. our president is in a gilded cage and i don't want that. the ast he brought this to forefront and i'm thankful for that. host: we will focus on the legal side. guest: we take about one million legal immigrants a year. talk about green cards, a green card is a document that says you are a resident of the united states. you can become a citizen if you meet requirements but you get to the rest of your life if you want to. we give a million of them per significantly higher than even 20 years ago. it has been going up significantly since ted kennedy laws in he immigration 19i -- in 1965. two-thirds come because they have relatives. a family relationship. everybody agrees that the illegal system needs to be reformed. ali and i don't agree on how it should be reformed. legal immigration, i want significantly less but it seems there are elements we agree are dumb and we have to get rid of. lottery. the visa we give out 50,000 visas a year t random to people from any country that except the top dozen. the point is countries that could get them. the dumbest thing any country thought of. no other country has a visa lottery. it.hould get rid of instead of trying to fix everything in a 1,000 page bill a couple of te did years ago nibble away at parts nd maybe we can agree on small areas, maybe little bits of progress instead of doing once.thing at guest: what happens is for -- ple there's an h 26r7b-a h 2 a program for farm it creates incredible criteria on an operates on a very thin margin. so won thing i would propose is program and streamline it and make it much more simple the workforce get they need. when you talk to growers in the south or west that would be a change because at the end of the day the labor shortage on farms will impact does impact the food supply. that is a perfectly reasonable immigration legal system that meets a critical need. even legal it is not immigration. that is a guest worker program imported as are indent toured servants and have and if they farm break the rules they are thrown out. this is saudi arabia style immigration. guest: i think we have an immigration we would like to improve that. or abolish it. thosewe have the line for illegal here. caller from fort myers, florida. go ahead. caller: i'm calling regarding was mentioning immigrants that lie to obtain the job within the company. but my perspective from the different.is the immigrant mind is this. poverty they ch come here because they know there are jobs. e-verify is not used is they say people that hire illegals don't want that. they have cheap labor. insurance, they don't receiver social security it.n though they pay they don't receive benefits. they don't receive medical insurance. because they here know they can get a job. f there is e-verify and passport is implemented nothing of this will happen. the part thatm is the illegal immigration comes acause they know they can get job and they get a job because the people that have big business business, they hire them because the labor is cheap. host: tell us are you here legally? caller: yes. host: what do you do? with attorneys n, criminal attorneys and immigration attorneys. guest: her point about jobs illegal reason immigrants come here is right. it is y is only -- voluntary and to online and free and easy to use. used it for years. the problem is that it is not mandatory for everybody to use. so, the people that use it, roughly half the hiring in the year went through e-verify. so it is not a small thing. use it are more or less law abiding legitimate employers. congress needs to ake e-verify, phase it in over a few years for you a employers. all employers. that is something congress needs own.ss on its it is only for new hires so it won't be throwing millions out who are illegal immigrants, which would be disruptive. let's pass this and get on with it. guest: our sense on e-verify it government intrusive program that would cost $2 illion to implement and continues the country down this path where the government has everything, ss to all of your records. ut the unique part is every employer would be drilling down to an individual's data. dataapply for a job and my comes back that i was born in states what is my grounds to appeal? do i not get the job? peeiece.ne solution?he rational rita had a great point. demand for labor. legalize the labor and make workerrs not just of the but employers. then the playing field is worker so the american is competing for the same wage immigrant worker and one employer is not able to undermine their competitor they are flouting the law. so change the law. we can blame the immigrant for the problem. guest: this is not a big intrusion because the big government intrusion was 1937 when the social security passed. employers already have to collect information to send to and social security when they have to hire somebody. they get the information and online. what e-verify does is enables them to make sure that this hired is or is not lying to them about who they are. stuff information is they have to collect and send to the government. verification theyronically to make sure are not being conned. host: our guests joining us to immigration and issues of campaign 2016. for those who are here illegally one topic to call being debated of course the idea right citizenship. jeb bush having to respond during a stenson. a little bit of what he says. where it stands on the campaign up segregation. bush: enforcingb the rule of law will solve the amendment issue. if people are here legally and who is born hild here i think they ought to be american citizens. eople like marco rubio by the way that is how he came. so to suggest that we make it talented person like that, not to be a candidate , i think we are little overboard. listening to the emotion rather than the reality of this. fixing immigration is important because it is not only important people are frustrated because there's a lack of commitment to the rule of law but change the legal to be an economic driver for the country. being here topic is now discussed what do you think about whether mr. bush said? these are t of all, babies born within our border nd we shall welcome them as citizens because they will become contributors to the from a moral perspective i think, we think citizenship is the right thing to do. i think the way the debate has in the race for the republican nomination has been best case unfortunate and worst case rather ugly. demonization of babies is just a really slippery slope for countries. we are talking about our constitution. 14t 14th amendment and it treats everybody equally and something as a nation we should hold dear. host: mr. krikorian. we could do a whole show on that but that element was assed to make sure after reconstruction southern states couldn't strip newly freed black citizenship. that is the reason for that. our practice has been to give is born hear citizenship except the children f diplomats and even they get citizenship, really. the issue is something general was -- jeb said is correct if we fixed the immigration we shrink the number of immigrants giving birth but it born to illegal immigrants but birth tourism. more ing like 30,000 or per year people from china, russia, turkey, korea come here give birth exclusively to get a passport for their kids then a couple of after months. foreign students who are here kids are irth, those u.s. citizens even though they will leave and go back home. we have had a couple of terrorists that we had debate about whether to use force citizens.merican they were citizens in the sense their parents were here as briefly and ents left. there is problem we need to draws. except veloped country canada and us got rid of their automatic citizenship for and tourists and illegal aliens law. we need to look at how to modify it. the constitution doesn't mandate it. we have based our policy on it. but it is not mandatory. we need to look at whether this changed.e host: tyrone from north line.na, democrat caller: i would like to hit on a few points about this anchor stuff. these people are been human beings and the immigrants that are human beings. donald trump is stirring up anchor calling them babies in the republican party. a homeless man was beat up donald trump t said. donald trump is disease to this country. he is all about self. it says in the bible the earth is the lord and and these ereof people have a right to come here and live and raise their be citizens. i don't see nowhere in the constitution or bible where it this country belonged to white or black people. tkpwof god put us here. stop about the 14th and think of the 10 commandments. host: his point or anything that was said. for a latino, an that comes and wants to start they have a child they think of the child as their as their child. child. so anchor baby is disrupt active and turns people off. those are the facts of it. here is that ing if we can go down the path of of pe and create a class people that really have no country and in texas for example not to give h children of undocumented certificates th ecause that mother is presenting t. so there is no legal relationship between the her mother. or that means parents will not be in to enroll the child school or make sure it can get medical services. at the end of the day there is not just harming us as a country but harming children. talks about birth tourism, i read the report his organization put out. counting 30,000 people based on addresses and what was when they give birth. this is a challenging problem i would agree with governor bush the way it address it, fix immigration system and create a system for people who to here illegally to get legal status. guest: i'm not wild about the term anchor baby. ben babies but president anchor oved they are babies because before november refer to the o children born to illegals as sense that makes it harder. youhe margins it would help avoid being removed from the united states. but it was not formal. announced ent obama last november was illegal born kids with u.s. would get to stay. anchored. so the term is president obama's doing in a sense. ratified the idea of anchor babies. so i would say call the president. host: mark krikorian is the executive director of and ali on studies noorani executive of the and nal immigration form be we are talking immigration issues. greg is up next from georgia. caller: i heard many ideas bounced back and forth. a lot of talk about illegal immigration has it do with software, e-verify, building a wall, what have you. rational myself a libertarian. these people come here as the because fort myers there are jobs here. we believe in magic. stands in mexico on the southern border his labor is worth the market. crosses into the united states we have mandated that his labor is now x. if any of the cost with the by gal immigration is burn the host -- borne by the host countries or birth country of to where we actually legalize them coming in, the here are made legal, we identify their host service they y take from the taxpayers are the country that sent them we don't need a law. their own countries will hold them there. but right now it is an economic benefit for them to have the united states because sthepbd money back to -- hey send money back to their countries. i would like to know why we don't deal with this on an basis rather than emoving families, destroying ing agricultural businesses in need additional labor that are not met in the united states. guest: his point is that or low skilled immigrants create costs for our ociety and they do, very large costs. because in a modern american society if you have a low level even if you have degree you hool cannot feed your kids. ou cannot earn enough money to feed your own children. it is not possible. o the overwhelming majority of illegal immigrants with children are feeding their kids on our taxpayer funds. the problem is the idea of sending that the countries of honduras is going to bear the healthcare and lunch and all the rest of those costs that are imposed on by letting payers the honduran in is ridiculous. that is the same as donald trump saying mexico will write him a check to pay for the wall. it is stilly. it what happen. hen you let in low skilled people into your modern society it will cost you an enormous amount of money. there are two ways to deal with it. walthal them off welfare system. the other is the only thing that orks and you don't let low skilled people from abroad into your society in the first place. caller had an interesting point. he was saying for example mexico should pay the cost for a low skilled person who comes to the states. then he talked about growers and farmers needing workers. what we are seeing is the skilled farm worker from mexico omes to the united states, picks our food, helps put food on the tables and restaurants, that the agriculture industry prospers. in any number of ways. for every farm worker this are works from that farm american and large jobs. are we saying that skilled farm worker that we need as much as skilled engineer is a net benefit to the united states but mexico should pay? therein lies the challenge of immigration policy. about domestic and economic needs but it is about relationship with countries such as mexico and how to strike a balance. the balance is completely out of bee need to find a way that the worker coming is a good job and himself or her family is ucceeding and paying taxes and reaching their american dream and can go back to mexico and isit and come back to the united states and make their live. for john on the line illegal immigrants john from maryland. caller: i have a comment about .he children adults can be dealt with but born and all s they know is that particular and the law says we have to of the does that make law? baying people who are the loudest about illegal immigrants are immigrants look at the we history of the world going back whatever, the or time that there was immigration to this country. everybody was born in this country that became american by virtue of being born this country and now the law i don't ng because -- know exactly what trickggered ts discussion. it economy? s it people are feeling american resources are being spent on illegal immigrants most of them don't receive benefits that much. some of them do. another point i needed to make at the immigration facts, what is kultd immigration what is called immigration is not dealt with. being the prevent pathogen. the pathogen is business of big countries affairs like smaller countries causing mass immigration. left to their own devices and fails. host: thank you for the call. has an he caller interesting point. right now there are 50 million of le who are in a state migration and you see what is happening in europe and around pressures that are created in sending and receiving countries. handles ited states this quite well and as a result and remain a beacon of hope and prosperity for the population. but we need to control and regulate who is coming and who is not. we do a very good job of who is coming and who is here. his obama administration deported over two million people since coming into office the country.history of the so, we as a country have to find is lance and figure out who here and who is not here. at the end of the day this is families anchors but and making sure families are able to remain united. mr. krikorian to his point of the deportation policy of administration. guest: smoke and mirrors. he number of people deported started increasing in the clinton administration and from made the d bush they investments in the infrastructure it detain and people to their home countriesment you look at the graph it went up like this. obama was inaugurated it stopped growing and now it started declining. the relatively high levels that they have maintained over he past few years has been through playing statistical games. they count people as hadrtations that previously never been counted. for the secretary of homeland admitted it in congressional testimony. that is only part of it. doing is fewer criminal deportations because said we are evenly going to focus on criminals. and we are not going to deport who are not criminals. being illegal immigrant is not be deported.o even the criminals they are not deporting. taking steps against -- not taking steps against cities or cities that want it deport and feds say let we see the murder in san francisco, one in khaoefrd and one another santa barbara of illegal immigrants the authorities had in their possession and knew they were let al and criminals and them go and they commit crimes. his administration has been amazingly irresponsible in the area of public safety in immigration. million is two million. those are two million people removed. have been serious threats to the country and people who do not deserve to be here. here is that local law enforcement are the ones caught in the middle of this broken system. working with and alking to electrical -- local police officers and they look at the deportation policies and see the federal government is trying a local police chief and shiver an immigration agent and chief or shiver realizes as soon as they can someone their ng a crime immigration status the reports net imes will plummet and effect is the criminal, whether prey on s or not will the documented immigrant because report.w they won't some cases the individual should detained and turned over and removed but there is a lack of cooperation between the government and local law haystacknt because the is so large and policies because f the way the fourth amendment is set up there is a lack of declarity is a detainer a warrant? no. immigration detainer. is it warrant for arrest an detention? no. -- local electrical law enforcement is creating a seen as n so they are immigration agents. guest: almost everything you said is incorrect. the detainer the request the immigration sends is explicitly out by congress as something that doesn't require a warrant that locals are allowed people. the only reason there's a legal to sort clu has tried of bootstrap phony constitutional claims to scare jurisdictions. what they have said is your little sheriff's department unlimited funding to sue you to kingdom come. what we tell you. they have sent letters to every law enforcement agency in the saying we are coming after you if you don't comply of our interpretation immigration law. he other point is ali said communications 20 communications between local law enforcement and immigration is strained. this administration is the one that dismantled the existing for don't think local.e and that is one of the prerequisites for moving forward to an amnesty s routine systemic cooperation in every instance between state and local law enforcement and immigration and there is no that that has a hilling effect on immigrant reports. guest: there is an incredible evidence in terms of ocal law enforcement saying this is not good for my ability to communicate with the commu t immigrant community that i'm trying to serve and protect. on public uge impact safety. the los angeles sheriff's department is not a small shop. they are caught in the middle and realize if they are beyond the mebody murky hold they are in ground. i will guarantee you the l.a. sheriff's department is not dealing with aclu. they are trying to preserve and protect residents and operating abundance of -- bounds of the law. host: this is larry from vermont. caller: hello. wait a minute. host: go ahead. how long ago the senate ?assed the immigration bill host: are you asking about the senate immigration bill? caller: yes. why didn't they vote on it. the let's talk about legislative efforts. guest: as a practical matter new congress the bill touched into a pumpkin. they only last for a period of a congress and the beginning of the year the if you congress is we are 115th or 114th. that was from the 113th so it disappears. house didn't vote on it last time is the house disagreed. 1200 pages of a complete to tryafted by lobbyists to satisfy a variety of interest groups. bills are passed by one and not the other. bill 744 passed in june of 2013. the house didn't have to vote on that. they didn't have to take it and say we will vote it. they had ample time and create their own strategy and own set of vote on thebills to course of the 113th congress. down pretty good money speaker boehner is looking at the debate saying i probably done this. because right now again the republican party is running the of not just alienating his hispanic ters but -- voters but moderate voters. that was like 744. i think that the house of representatives in 2013 or 2014 missed a huge opportunity to fix this problem and from a policy perspective as well as a political perspective. the outlook for this congress is tough and moving anything constructive around immigration issues is slim at best. host: the next year anding in? guest: nothing. he fact is that the house paid such an enormous price, republicans, for not passing it picked up seats last november so they didn't by a price. something likeed the senate bill they would have been anil lated. annihilated. they would have certainly last seats. as far as this congress and last year, i he end of next don't see anything substantive happening reaching the president's desk. something may pass the house. i don't think anything will pass it is a 60-vote threshold. will haveative action to await the next president. larry from athens, g. georgia. caller: i want to ask the candidates about something no ne seems to be talking about and that is -- i'm sorry, your your candidates. reaching talking about out to canada or mexico or south merican nations to negotiate ome sort of unified policy of ma americas about drugs. it is obvious that the demand mostly from the united states of away so whyot going don't we take the supply out of the hands of the criminals and and put it in the hands of the farms and let their grow and land be a nicer place it live and solve some problems.n guest: number one, i would not country's problem with drugs and drug trade is problem and th our challenges with immigration. i think they are separate issues. in favor of we are increasing security at ports of ntry along our border because that is where a large number if drugs, money ty and guns are smuggled so talk cut ports of entry and down supply to drug trade. you idea of security what do you think of extending the wall on the southern border? at private you look property owners they are up in arms about that. cost of look at the over $5 billion to build and nvironmental impact under maintenance cost it is a terrible idea from a policy and ective, economically even from implementation. here are better ways to increase border security. entry.invest in ports of but second is create heal path come to the country then they don't put in the situation f how to enter the country illegally. guest: let people in legally so illegally.come in so there is no limit. any limits will require people be arrested who are not criminals because there's no imitation practically speaking as we are seeing in europe. as far as the wall goes, i this sort oft like focus on the wall or a fence fencing, its really is not a wall. we don't need a physical barrier the gulf miles from coast to the pacific ocean. we teed more than we have. bout a third of it has any fencing and some is economical like three or four feet high for cars but your grandma can hop off it. of myself ures hopping over it. we need double fence being some. that.2% has the improvements we need in fencing i just don't like this focus it trump and others say we need a wall. won't some the whole problem and there are reasons it is not places.e money in some in west texas big bend national i was there last year. land. complete waste it is the surface of the moon t. is beautiful but there is go.here to i would rather spend the money that we would put in a fence for instance in port of entry because ali is right going the legal ports and sneaking stuff in cars and trunks is a big problem we pay attention to but could use more resources. host: we will have one more call marietta, georgia. aller: i'm a black american citizen i'm livid with this and rsation about illegal legal immigration. first of all, both of them corporations. the corporation benefits from illegal because they get low workers that they don't have to pay and they don't have to hire american workers. then the legal immigration, here is a higher level employees such as in the tech filed that undermines those that are tech savvy but corporations don't want to keeps this lie being spread there is work that don't want to do and what they do is do the bait and having a having agriculture workers saying they don't want to do them. mericans don't want to do it for the pay. that is different than saying they don't want to do it. the to the benefit of corporations. his issue is not that big a deal but we don't have the will a ause if we would find million dollars for each illegal or person that shouldn't be it would be taken care of. care enough about american workers. community you ck have our young people from 16 to 24 2450% unemployment. how do you bring in others and ou have not satisfied the american people. host: thank you. guest: there are no jobs the americans won't did. thereke down all jobs and were only four little ones that had a majority and even there a majority of foreign born workers immigrants, legal illegal. jobs that people think of as doneamericans won't do are by americans. born janitors are native americans. 75% of them are americans but for e won't do this work the pay that a lot of employers want to pay. does, high tion levels of immigration, legal or loosens the labor market so the employer is in the to when seat as opposed the market tightens the the ective employee is in driver's seat and he gets to say that job looks pretty good i take it but ing to ow about we get 3tkpweget 50 ce an hour and i have better dental care. to have dinary workers stronger bargaining positions. higher immigrations means the stronger have the bargaining position. agree with most of what mark said there is no job do.ica what there needs to be a better balance between the power an emplo employer holds and worker and all workers whether they are born here or not should be able a good job at a good wage and make sure their family and can build a skill to reach the american dream. agree.ly the difference lies in the solution. n there case awake blame the immigrant for bad actors who are employers undermining american or who and competitors are bringing people in say the tech community to undermine u.s. born engineers or create a system that levels the playing field and makes sure all who are undocumented become taxpayers and as a nation we are moving forward because as a nation if we don't figure this workforcepulation and will shrink the next 50 years and as we see around the world that have shrinking workforce are not succeeding. host: even with that somewhat point of agreement i think we there.nd thank you for the conversation. ali noorani national immigration and mark krikorian thank you for being on c-span. oming up we will talk about heroin addiction and northeast primarily so much so it has prompted the white house to effort to w counteract it. up next is daniel raymond of the coalition will talk about that. first what you can see tomorrow president of the national education association talks about an congress's efforts to rewrite the no child left behind law and testing of students. [video clip] in the making.y we have teachers on the edge of wondering e seats what is going to happen to no child left untested. or originally called the secondary jacksact. it inyndon johnson signed 1965 as part of the war on overty and civil rights movement let's give states some extra funding for reading tutors and libraries and teach earn training and technology. then 2002 happened and in great educators fanfare and all over the country saying do signing ze you are something that says 100% of get cut score that is impossible for 52 million kids. any way.ed it changenking that we will it before we get to this fatal passed 2014 which just us by. keuids are supposed to be before average. now we are all in a panic technically without some we are aivers given so ot all labeled un fairfairly fd schoo schools, we are in this horrible, horrible limbo because congress did 12 years ago, 13 years ago. as far as the current ersions how does it change or how is it different? guest: what we needed from the bill and were e successful in convincing senator lamar alexander and patty murray at lead, we said you have to do something against there one size fits all. we will label our children by a standardized test and that is matters. but we have to replace that with something that does matter. really doment information. we want better information. >> "washington journal" continues. host: joining us from new york policy director for harm reduction coalition. good morning, sir. guest: good morning. host: could you tell us about your coalition and what you are involved in? a national e organization that focuses on the intersection of drug use and health. about the erned overdose epidemic. we have been doing work and helping in advocacy in develop model programs and work round addiction, syringe access, hen tights related -- .epatitis issues growing host: paint a picture about what is going on in the united states hen it comes to heroin specifically and overdosing and addiction problems. last 15 years we have seen a rise in overdose deaths initially driven by painkillers. painkillers that were widely misused and in recent an enormous seen shift to heroin use. relatively low or table but started to rise. in the -- we saw it a lot in the northeast but we west eing it from the coast to the appalachian region and with this rise had heroin rise in dramatic overdose deaths and hepatitis c people seeking a lot of ment so communities are suggesting to et a handle on this especially in rural and suburban areas. host: most of the issues taking northeast like vermont, midwest is what we have a little n that shows bit of where the information is. what is causing it specifically of appen in these sections the country? guest: i think there are a few different patterns that are intersecting. one is that in some places like parts of the appalachian region parts of the northeast where the prescription painkiller took hold there's been a gradual substitution or heroin.on of so we see the shift where people ho had become dependent on prescription painkillers, whether in west virginia, northern ohio, kentucky, or up in massachusetts to maine, are migrating heroin because it is cheaper if you have developed a habit. we are nd thing is seeing incursion of drug routes into areas of the country that had not been ignificant targets for the marketing of heroin. we have associated heroin and with drugs like cocaine urban centers. we are seeing a difficult fusion into suburban areas and parts of he midwest and don't have a handle on it because they have never had strong capacity for aking sure people have access to drug treatment and other preventive measures. white house at the announced recently that they are .5 million on d $2 a heroin strategy aimed at areas of the northeast. what that is s about? guest: sure. white house is doing is looking at what available fund congress has g them for various of the drug strategy. one of the programs is been 25 years high intensity drug trafficking areas and there are over two dozen designated regions including the tphaoefrpt and have been funded that receiver money from the white house through the office of drug control policy to coordinate interagency local, state, federal efforts to ntercept and dismount drug trafficking organizations. what the white house announced his week is that they are rethinking how to best use the money. hat they want to see is these efforts to coordinate and share nformation include a public health response so they are bringing public health into the room with law enforcement need to and saying we team up and make sure that we are addressing all aspects of the problem. i think it is part of a broader hift we are seeing both at the local and level of federal administration is saying we are rest our way out of this and solve it by cracking own and throwing everybody in jail. we have to take a public health we to this and say how can stop people from dying of overdoses an help people get in treatment. so, while the amount of money seems relatively small, $2.5 million, it is part of a broader shift from the white house in bringing a public health lens to what is traditionally seen as a law justiceent and criminal problem. host: we will go more about the white house program but if you ask our guests about the hrpb problem in the united states but the white house effort. 202-48-8000 for east an central. 202-74 202-748-8000 for pacific and you have had a experience with heroin you want in your perspective 202-748-8002 and make your thoughts known on our social media pages. about treatment. what goes on in treatment and hat works and for those being treated how much go back to using? talk about drug treatment people have a lot of different ideas and assumptions. from a 12-step program to a rehab facility. but what we know about people who are dependent on heroin, and this also applies to prescription painkillers like oxycontin, is that the most successful treatment involves the use of medication like methadone. there is increasing interest in a newer medication called vivid trawl. the people need some kind of support from medication because it is really effective at managing cravings and preventing relapse. protective against overdose and a lot of other things. so there's a big push right now to say, "let's make sure that we've got insurance companies that are covering these treatments, that we've got enough treatment sillies providing it and enough doctors prescribing it, and let's see that people know what the best options are." for a long time, the field of drug treatment has been a bit of a sort of anything goes. from theen siloed off regular health care system and "well,by ideology or, this worked for me, saw them going to become a drug counselor ratherl you have to do," than hard evidence. if you have a heroin problem and you're are looking for treatment, you should look for a treatment provider or doctor who can help you get on medication. it might be for the short term for a year or two or a little longer, but medication will give people the best chance of recovering from their substance use disorder and preventing relapse. if you get a sense of how it works practically on the state and local level, will it be there will be professionals and localities where people can turn and get the help and the medication and the treatment? understanding is that this initiative is not specifically designed to provide treatment but designed to bring in the law enforcement and public health side together. i think of a few examples that might be scaled up under this initiative. a few months ago, gloucester, massachusetts, had a significant heroin problems. they were seeing overdoses. the police chief said they were going to take a completely different approach. they've been trying to say let's get it under control, investigate, lock people up. instead, they're telling people that if they have a heroin problem, come into the police department, ask for help, and they will connect them with treatment. dozens of people so far have done this. dozens of people so far have then placed in drug treatment programs. i see the kind of thing being trained and shared and disseminated through this information. it's not going to pay for people to get into treatment, but it's going to save what is working, what our innovative communities doing, and how can we replicate that another parts of the country that are really struggling with these issues? ,ost: our guest, daniel raymond joining us from the harm reduction coalition. arlington, virginia, you are up first. this is richard. go ahead. in law enforcement, and i've seen this happening gradually for quite a long time. the northeast is just inundated with heroin. as a law enforcement strategy, i believe, and i think our chief agrees with us and will probably make an announcement, and i cannot do that now, that we will not be permitted by special .rder to arrest a heroin user we will only be permitted to arrest the dealer he bought from . that is our focus now. it's going to focus law enforcement activities into picking up dealers. one of the things we tried to do is to get referrals on the street. in other words, do not have the person coming to the police department. i think asking a heroin addict to come into the police department to get help is probably not going to be received well by many because they are engaged in other activities and have outstanding warrants and things of that nature. i think the officer on the street should begin a card that they can give to users and say, "here's your resources, own numbers, places you can go." and then focus on the street on picking up the dealers. i don't think there should be any leeway given to dealers at all. ok, richard, thanks for your perspective. go ahead. comment appreciate the and foresight you and your chief are taking on this. it's reminiscent of a program that has been getting a lot of attention around the country recently called law enforcement assistant version. it started in seattle where basically, they had these issues where there was a community where local law enforcement officers, the beat cops, were seeing the same people over and problems, for drug for public order problems, and it became this cycle where we are bringing them in, booking them, and we know they will be back out on the street, and we are not solving the underlying issue. i asked what we can do differently, and they partnered toh social service agencies say exactly what you are proposing -- connecting them with a case manager who will ask what is really going on here that they keep getting into these problems. let's work with you and stabilize you. this becomes an alternative because right now, a lot of law enforcement officers are saying the only tool they have is to arrest people and they know that's not the help people need and it's not making the problem any better. thank you for your comment, and i think we will see a lot more police departments around the country taking similar approaches. a line fort aside those with experiences. tom in malibu, california, go ahead. caller: a former brother-in-law of mine at 20 years old got involved with heroin. i checked with some friends on probation and they said there was about a 2% recovery rate. is the police are just not really productive. these people rob, steel from the family. they need money and they commit crimes. he's the nicest kid in the world, and he's now doing life in prison and a member of the aryan brotherhood. it has to be more than that, more than just focusing on the dealer. the dealer should be taken out and shot, but that's another story. they need to really be isolated and taken off the system altogether and kept in some type where they really go in long-term removal from the drug, from the system, and everything. giving a card to a heroin dealer is absolutely the silliest thing i ever heard. i would love to hear your response. i'm sorry to hear about your brother-in-law. we have a lot of families struggling smaller issues, and it's a pain issue, and it can often you like it is pitting the family against the person who is struggling with addiction. i say that that 2% success rate of treatment -- that is not a current statistic. we have much better success rates with medication-assisted treat it. the challenge is to get the people and intervene early before they progress in their addiction, before they lose their job, their families, their housing. i think that is the challenge we have as a society. the treatment does work. the recovery is possible, but people get isolated. they feel hopeless, and we are not providing enough support or them to make sure they get on that path toward recovery rather than that passed towards a life sentence. i feel like we have much better treatment options now and we need to make them more widely available and more widely known, and part of that is tapping into the stigma of addiction and addressing families as the key anchors of support, but i do if the end of the story is somebody serving a life sentence, that is a failure and a missed opportunity. host: lubbock, texas, that's where bill is. good morning. good morning to you there. i have a question that goes back to your earlier segment. where is the heroin coming from? are we growing poppy fields in the united states of america? where's the heroin coming from? it goes back to your earlier segment -- who is bringing the heroin in here? available? why don't we target those countries that are bringing this crap into our country? simple question. guest: most of the heroin does come from outside the country, and part of the federal response has been to try to work with those countries, try to target and prevent heroin and other illicit drugs from coming into the country, but i think that would be part of the equation, but when we look at the underpinnings of the current problem, it comes back to prescription painkillers, and that's not about drugs coming from outside the country. that's not about issues with border security. that's about this underlying demand for these painkillers that can provide a lot of relief for pain patients but also provide a high to people who are using the recreationally. i think rather than 'when the drugs originated, we've got to take a deep look in the mirror and ask where driving our .ociety to demand these drugs what is driving our society to want to use these drugs? that? we prevent how can -- we've never ended a drug problem by shutting down the supply line. that has never been part of our success and our ongoing struggle . our successes come from good prevention. those are the parts we need to build up really fast, or were going to be losing more and more people to overdose. how does the body react to heroin? what does it do? it can have a euphoric effect. it can alleviate pain and anxiety. i hear a lot of stories from people who say they got into heroin, and it has this calm in soothing effect. they had a feeling up peace and wholeness, where before they felt empty. they had a really preferable -- pleasurable effect and maybe they had been dealing with underlying depression, anxiety, ptsd. it does a lot of things that feel good, and it fills some holes in people. i think we see a lot of people with underlying mental health issues, with people with histories of trauma, and a lot of communities that have high unemployment rates, that jobs have moved out of that are really impoverished, that heroin sort of plugs some of those gaps and makes people feel good in a way that they do not in their day to day life. from fort lauderdale, florida, steve is next on the line with those with experience with heroin. good morning. thanks for taking my call. i was motivated to call this morning because quite a coincidence -- about 30 minutes ago, a friend of mine with 28 years of society was now looking to get back into a detox. just to illustrate the long and sometimes challenging road , it's justmetimes is something i needed to mention. but also, the war on drugs to me a complete failure, and why we keep continually knocking our heads against the same wall just baffles me. we are give -- i know moving towards legalization, decriminalization and things like that, but that area needs to be explored further. prohibition is a perfect example of the downside of going that route. organized crime basically got its start in a major way in this during prohibition. i think we need to give some other legal remedies a chance. i want to end with this -- addiction has been around from the beginning of time. people will always seek some relief from everyday life trials. i think your guests spoke about it pretty well. i'm glad your friend is reaching back out for help. that can be a hard thing. from thising administration is somewhat similar message that early in the obama presidency, the head of the office of national drug control policy at the time said, "we are retiring the term war on drugs because that is not working for us." not calling for legalization, but the new announcement from the white house is a sign of what they mean when they say we are pivoting away from the war on drugs approach and looking at this through a public health lens. we are seeing this across the country in terms of marijuana legalization. what is the appropriate policy, and does it still makes sense to treat it as a criminal justice issue where we are locking up people who are using or possessing marijuana you put that's the debate in the cultural shift we are seeing play out, that locking people up who are using drugs -- we're not talking about high-level dealers but just the street level users -- is not going to solve our drug problem, so what are the ? ternative strategies rick identifies himself as a retired officer. a couple oft comments. first, i kind of disagree with both of your last two callers. i think it is still a law enforcement issue, but they needs to be more focus on public .ealth and public awareness one of the things that i noticed was i was a sheriff's deputy down in south carolina, and i sixd back to west virginia years ago, and i was shocked at the level of heroin use and some of the smaller towns in west virginia. the lack of desire on the police department 2, 1, do anything about it, and the lack of public health options for people who are addicted to heroin -- the is -- i'mi can say almost 60 years old, so this is not -- the level of quality of not the levels that we saw back in the late 1960's and 1970's. the heroin quality today is much higher, much more potent, and people do not really realize .hat you might have a person who had done heroin in the past and has relapsed, and they think they'll just go out and get a dime bag of heroin and shoot it up, and they aret realize that doing heroin that is 20, 30, 100 than what theynt used to do when they were addicted. it is still a two-prompt issue issue.pronged law enforcement needs to be more aware of this, but the health -- to beblic health needs supported more. that's the one area where it has been lacking. host: thanks, rick. said a lot of great things. we spent a lot of time talking to people about some of the issues in west virginia. some of my coworkers just went on to huntington to do training last month. one of the underlying threads is there is not enough treatment capacity, but there is an emerging voice from law enforcement and public health saying that we have to work together on these issues. huntington in particular has been a leader in that, but we've seen that go all the way up to the level of state officials in west virginia. the other thing you mentioned is where people who are -- this is theof the issues with problems. people who are arrested and go release have an higher risk of overdose. are we increasing their risk of overdose when they get out without providing any help in the meantime? a lot of the strategies around overdose prevention include providing people with training, providing people with medication-assisted treatment come of built on this recognition that by locking people up, we are potentially putting them at even higher risk of overdose when they get out if we do not provide other help in the interim. for danielext caller raymond of the harm reduction coalition is anne. thanks for waiting. go ahead. caller: our kids got involved with prescription drugs when they started college. fortunately, they came to us and told us that they had a problem, and we were able to get in the help they needed to start them on their path to recovery. it, as yourdo guests well knows, but they did it. they are both very productive, ,appy, well-adjusted people now and i do agree with the fact that we have to have more resources for addicts who want to get well. there's not enough out there for or lower income people. it's just not fair. it's very expensive to get into a good program. cutfinally, if we don't back on access to heroin and thecription pills, i think prescription medication is being handled it little bit better now, but we all know where these drugs are coming from. it's all controlled by the cartels. i believe we know where these places are. they have got to be eliminated. you can have all the treatment programs in the world, but until as much as the product as we can, this is going problem, andnual it's going to continue hard it many families and friends throughout our country. that's what i had to say. thank you. and thank youou, for sharing your story, and i'm glad your children are doing well. i want to mention there's a lot of other groups including parents and family groups across the country who are focused on these issues. are going to be coming together and washington, d.c., for a huge rally called unite to face addiction. where happy to be participating in this, and through that process, with hearing many similar stories to your own. one of the most promising parts, it has led to a lot of families coming together to provide mutual support, to advocate for good policies like , and to become champions of strengthening our overall response to addiction, so the role of parents and emily is in the ongoing policy debates about how best to respond to this will be vital. -- the role of parents and families in the ongoing policy debates. and as a medication that has been used by emergency departments for over 40 years. if you have heroin or other opiates in your system, it blocks their affect, and if you are overdosing, it revives you and can restore breathing. it has been a generic drug but has not been widely prescribed, so a lot of community-based programs, including my own organization, took steps to train people and provide people with it themselves. the first people we focused on were people who use drugs under the theory that if they are using drugs with other people, whenre there on the scene they overdose and can respond quickly. that has been enormously successful. we've seen thousands and thousands of lives saved, to the point where many law enforcement officials are saying the police department will train officers and how to respond and carry this as well. family support groups are saying the same thing. we're seeing interest from colleges and high schools and drug treatment programs, but we still have a lot of gaps in access. the cost has gotten more expensive, and there are still many parts of the country were prescribing it and pharmacies are not stocking it, so it's hard to find a way to get it. we have a lot more work to do, but we have so many promising success stories and a sense of over 24,000that as people here are dying of overdoses that could be reversed if someone had this on the scene, we need to be doing everything in our power to make it more widely accessible. host: here is john from seattle, washington. caller: good morning, gentlemen. this is an interesting conversation. this the second time i have called the spin in about 30 years. i just came from rhode island, and i find this conversation from theng, especially law enforcement aspect with the tillman said police basically when it comes to heroin, they -- the lawfish enforcement aspect where the gentleman said police are kind of standoffish. my son graduated from st. john's university and told me the only time he was stopped and frist, the only time someone put their hands on him was when he was going up there in new york. the first conversation we had was with this heroin epidemic of their, why are they not doing it there -- it's coming to the law enforcement aspect, like they pick and choose what they want .o attack if it was crack in the inner cities, you would see every police presence pulling everybody over. but now that you have this serious epidemic of heroin in rural and suburban america, it's, you know, totally this is beinghow handled. i wish this could be handled in an even way, and i wish there were treatment for everyone, but this kind of connects us with the -- i started losing my train of thought here, so forgive me. it was the correction, private prisons, all of this stuff is connected in a sense. that's why we see the disparagement in treatment, in response to this epidemic. really feel for the families going through this. for me, it's like i'm facing the crack epidemic again but in rural america. this is not the first time we have seen drug issues hit rural america. we certainly saw that and continue seeing this in some parts of the country with methamphetamine or crystal meth. the challenges that a lot of these communities have issues with -- unemployment, issues with poverty, issues with poor access to health care -- and when they are vulnerable to a broader societal crisis like addiction, if it's methamphetamine, alcohol, heroin , there are not a lot of resources, and it's easy for in a issues to take hold lot of these communities. i think in many parts of the country, it's not so much that the police have then hands in terms of heroin, it that they have their hands full and own sure what else they can be doing. that's why this public health peace comes into the picture. we've heard the police chief saying we need public health to step it up because we got our hands full. where you guys are dealing with the treatment side and the prevention site, we see in many places in new england in particular, the police reaching out, reaching across the silos to their public health counterparts in saying we got to work on this together, and public health has not always been part of these conversations, including this new white house funding. i think we are seeing that shift so we are treating the whole spectrum of the problem, not just handcuffs over here and health care over here. talk about needle exchanges in this heroin issue we are talking about. does the white house program address any of that, or has the white house addressed the topic of needle exchanges? guest: the white house recently updated their national aids/hiv strategy, which is the federal plan to address the hiv epidemic. one of the things they reiterated when they release a strategy last month is that needle exchange is still an evidence-based effective way to prevent the spread of hiv amongst people who are injecting drugs. it has become more relevant than ever because we saw a few months outbreake indiana hiv linked to the injection of prescription painkillers. we are seeing hepatitis see spreading due to the heroin epidemic in many parts of the country, including many of the state that are covered by this new white house initiative, so while the initiative is health does not directly address syringe exchange, we're seeing law enforcement officers and public health officials in places like west virginia, kentucky, indiana, ohio, pennsylvania saying, "we got to take a look at this as part of the strategy." it makes sense as early intervention and as a way to hook people up with health care and drug treatment. we cannot just say if you got needles, we have a right to lock you up because we know that's not going to solve the public health or the criminal justice side of the problem, so there has been a groundswell of support and a lot of these communities that are really hard ,it or needle exchange recognizing there's a history of controversy over these programs, but the evidence points in the direction that they can be an important part of the solution. our guest is the policy director with the harm reduction coalition. daniel raymond joining us from new york. harmreduction.org is the website if you want to learn more. were talking about heroin abuse in the united states and a new white house effort to counteract that. sarah from florida, hello, you are on. i have been struggling with opiate and heroin addiction for a little over seven years now, and i have then through rehab. i have then through jail. i do want to say one thing, though -- there is, you know, the jail since of it, but an i knowis an addict, and i've looked at as a criminal as ,ell just because i use drugs and i obtain them, but i do not, commit crimes to obtain, and i know the crime rate is completely up right now , and i'm int central florida. in order to not be sick -- that's another thing. die from, and you can coming off these drugs, and .hat's the worst part once you abstain and don't use anything for about 10 of months, you start feeling normal again, and it is insanity because we go right back to it. i have then put in treatment facilities, and it does not work unless you want it. host: can i ask how it started for you? was it painkillers or other means? caller: painkillers. and there's gateway pills, too. muscle relaxers. the doctors definitely pounded were allowed to, before they cracked down on all of them. up fromike i'm washed , and i still obtained to feel normal. it's not even a high anymore. it's just to feel normal. host: stay on the line. we will let our guest talk to you. caller: thank you for calling. i wish you the best of luck. please don't give up and continue to hold out. i think that another life as possible for you, but everything you said resonates so much for me. i think people ask why you just don't going to drug treatment. drug treatment doesn't work the first time for everybody. people ask what you keep using even when you know what it is doing to your life, and that description you have of the withdrawal process, when you become physically dependent, its agonizing. it's the most horrible feeling. you feel like you are going to die. it's so painful, and that is what propels people forward, even when their rational mind knows that this is potentially harming them. but i know that you are not alone. many other people are struggling. i hope you get the support and help you need, and please do not give up. know that people listening today will be rooting for you. phyllis next, and he's also from florida. go ahead. -- phil is next. caller: i was certified back in 1971, and i was put into the rockefeller program, it was called, and it was voluntary. i was not put there by the law. i spent six months there. i got out of there for six months. you went to school. they had woodworking classes. they had electrician classes. they had a program, and they had therapy. i don't even know if it is still in existence, but i'm down here in florida, and i did not know what to do. it cost me $350 just to get on the clinic. $340 a month. was on the wages they pay in florida, how the hell is anyone going to organize their lives or ? y to get themselves together medicaid pays for your methadone in new york. in florida, uh-uh. every penny you make goes to the clinic. host: let's get the perspective of our guest. guest: you are talking about an issue that we in florida and many parts of the country here that people are seeking help, trying a methadone program, and they've learned what they need to know and are ready to make a change, and a lot of these programs, some of them are cash only. some of the states, the programs are not paying for the methadone, and we have this fantastic treatment. nothing is one size fits all. nothing is the perfect treatment for absolutely everybody, but the people it works for, it really works for. if you have to fight to get access to methadone, fight to pay for methadone, then we are doing something wrong, and we need to look at how our state medicaid program policies are looking at covering methadone as well as look at how private insurance markets are covering it because far too many places we're seeing will only cover for six months or will cover this treatment but not this treatment or will only cover it up to a certain dose, and these are not waste on medical expertise. these are not based on scientific guidelines. these are restrictions that are payers to save these money, and they are hurting our efforts to end the heroin and opium crisis. i think the stories i'm hearing from you and many other people around the country need to become a ground spring of change and reform and how we are financing and paying for effective medication assisted treatment for heroin use. host: how do we know if the white house effort they are going to make is going to be a successful one? i asked howest: they will be measuring success, and they are negotiating it with states they fun right now, but in my opinion, part of it is a shift from saying traditionally, the measure of success for law is around arrests, around drug trafficking organizations disrupted. when you bring public health into the picture, you are looking at a different set of indicators. how many lives are we saving because we prevented people run dying of overdose? those are the questions we need to be asking the administration and the states that are funded to implement this. how are you measuring success, and can we use these public health measures of preventing fatal overdose, connecting people to drug treatment programs, as the measures we want to see advanced here? host: daniel raymond with the harm reduction coalition. if you want to find out more, you can find a link on our c-span website. we've been talking about the white house effort on reducing heroin overdose. thanks for your time. for the remainder of our program, we will go to open phones. you can comment on the segment you have seen or anything you've seen in the papers. open phones until 10:00, the end of this program. on the front page of many of the papers this morning including "the wall street journal, the recent news about the stock market. here's the headline -- some of the analysis this morning says, stock markets thrive on to do things, cheap money and economic growth. investors all year have been bracing or the end of the first as the federal reserve after holding interest rates near zero , had recently prepared to raise those rates. again, that's on "the wall street journal." they go on to say many investors are watching for signs that the ad might raise rates, and even if the fed raises him, the impact is expected to be minor. the target rate for overnight lending currently near zero, and an increase would likely only , but itt 0.5% -- 0.25% would be viewed by many as a gesture of support and a positive for stocks. again, ". 202-748-8001 for republicans. 202-748-8000 for democrats. and 202-748-8002 four independents. we start with barbara. caller: good morning. recently, you all showed the theo of -- i guess it was breakfast, an annual thing they do, a couple of weeks ago. they talked about this particular subject where i guess it's in massachusetts where they were trying to, you know, do peoplew where it kept who were addicted to painkillers and heroin, instead of them being arrested, they would actually go to treatment. well, our governor here in -- her concern was to make sure that the people who were going to be protected by as shew were actually, wear theirple who coworkers and people who were their neighbors -- she was trying to describe it in a way to make sure that only certain people were going to be , but not by this law who she says are actual criminals. it's interesting -- they cannot actually put race in the law, but you could tell this was clearly designed to protect some drug addicts and not others, like the guy in seattle. kind ofs never been any effort to help people who were addicted to crack or anybody caught up in that whole epidemic -- only, they pick and choose based on who is being affected, so the suburbanites are the target for protection in this law. you for calling. lillian bronx, new york, republican line. you are on. go ahead. yeah, i wanted to first of all thank you for having this segment. i would ask you please if you could have more segments just like this one. incidents ina huge the bronx. also, if you could tell us about in we could get involved helping the situation as citizens, and also if you are aware of any bills pending in congress that we can call our representatives to become more involved in dealing with the situation. additionally, we have a potential campaign coming up. how can we encourage candidates to get more involved in helping the issues such as those mentioned by your guests, talking about the situation with insurance coverage and the situation of lack of funding and resources for people trying to get help. again, thank you for having this segment, and please can you have more soon. you probably realize that the previous guest left, but the website we had is harmreduction.org if you want to find out more to answer the questions you've been asking. to hussein from jamaica, new york, independent line. hello. thank you. i'm watching you. you are a young person though you are a gray-haired person. program helps me to .nderstand i am informing you about one thing which is very important, , in new over the world -- forate and beyond, example, i am a punjabi, and my native language is punjabi, and i have a masters degree in urdu. itre's another method that only harms the non-english speaking user. if at this moment, if you go on www.ebsite, fornoneng ncenter lishspeakingusers.org. how many human beings are underreported for the last 30 years? 1985 was the first time i .eported . am a pakistani i cannot communicate with the pashtun speaking. host: thanks for the call this morning and of warming us of that. bill from mobile, alabama, hello. to give ajust wanted little report on the donald trump event which i went to less right. we guessed about 35,000. i don't know what they are reporting. host: 30,000 i think i saw on the cnn website. caller: i think the audience needs to understand that the other candidates who are running should be down on their knees, at least the ones who are not the fake evangelicals, thanking god that trump came on a friday night. in alabama, there are three religions -- methodist, baptist, .nd involved -- and football about half the people who would have in there had to go see their sons play football, their daughter in the band, their grandchildren they had agreed to take to the game. that could have easily been 70,000, except stadium only held about 44,000. but i mean, that could have there.been 70,000 people i have never seen anything like old.nd i'm 70 years i've been doing political events for 40 years or more. i've never seen a crowd on their as long.husiastic the other thing i wanted to report to the audience is that the news people said it was hot, and trump said it was a hot night. in mobile, 80 degrees is not hot. 80% humidity, we regard that as a breath of fog. great time was had by all. not a breath of trouble from anybody. everybody was enthusiastic, and a think the people just had a wonderful time, and we're glad mr. trump came. byt: you can see that event, the way, as part of our road to the white house coverage and hear from three legislators today who are going to be speaking at the there -- at the fair, the soapbox, when they engage with the community. democratic republican representative debbie wasserman schultz will be there addressing the cloud at 11:00. also at new today, you will hear him new jersey governor chris christie, and at 1:00 this afternoon, the governor of louisiana, bobby general, all road toour coverage of the white house. if you have missed these infants, you missed the trump , we invitelast night you to go to our website at www.c-span.org, where we keep all that stored up for you. watch when you can. again, that website, www.c-span.org. marie from minnesota, democrats line. hello. want to address the immigration problem again. i've experienced a lot of things personally. number one, my parents came from mexico, and they immigrated to colorado. my experience was i was orphaned . i was put in an orphanage at six years old because my father was a total alcoholic, and he did not take care of me. two, please listen -- this is very important. i know people that are here they have and children, and they are not supporting their children. they are staying in different homes, and the courts are not doing much of anything to deal with the illegals that have their children here in the united states. this is very serious, and there's another big issue i want to talk about. right now, i will that we need to really address this because the problem is it is affecting our jobs. i was working in a canning factory. i could not speak spanish, so they decided some of them were going to be against me, and it was very hard. please understand maybe donald trump was a little bit extreme, but at least he has got our attention. i just want to say that we need to deal with the illegal problem. it's not fair for the american citizens. you can call them anchor babies or whatever you want. the people that came here legally, they've done everything by the book. if i go out and get picked up, like if i go through a red sign or something or a stop sign, i get a ticket. these people have a pass, and we have to start dealing with them. that's marie in minnesota. rich is from denver, colorado. comment on thea previous segment about heroin addiction in the united states. i'd like to get your opinion and the viewers, if you want information or anecdotal evidence or what happens, portugal decriminalized all personal possession of small amounts of all drugs, including heroin, and one of the things that's happened over the last 13 rate ofw is a lower violent crime involving drugs, a new transmission of hiv and hepatitis c, and also a dramatic increase in overall addiction for heroin and all other drugs. just wanted to get your comment on that. thanks. host: julie will be next. julie is in georgia, republican line. taking myank you for call. i wanted to comment on the heroin as well as the importation segments today. host: ok. i'm sorry, immigration segment. immigration is a systemic as the drugwell issues in this country. we get overly focused on one area as a solution. as your speaker today, regarding heroin, we must have the support, but we must address the distribution of the drugs that are coming into this country. environmentalists that are very attentive to how our environment is protected. we have to have the same passion for how our people are protected, and the drugs that come into this country have developed -- they have developed because tell, and the distribution has developed a sophisticated way of distributing these drugs. this problem, if you go back to communities that are now completely eradicated off the map, right here within our north st.ou can go to louis, and at what time it was a thriving community, but it's one city block after another of completely vacant land. all those victorian homes and beautiful communities that were there are gone. that started back in the 1970's, so this is not a new problem. we need to recognize it is a systemic problem and work together on the immigration issues as well as the drug issue in the country, and i thank you so much for taking my call. a democrat has shown his support for the president's effort on iran, a nuclear deal. a representative from new york, prominent jewish democrat fed announced he will support the agreement with iran, boosting the obama administration's chances to avoid congressional attempts to halt the deal. he said -- let's hear from bill in taylor, pennsylvania. hello. i just want to bring from a place about what heroin, -- it's and drugs getting him no matter what in this country, and if it's not coming from other places, they will attempt to make it. the thing is that for treatments for people anymore, insurance is for in-house treatment. you had group therapy and everything else. .nd it was only for alcohol now it's 21 days. now there are so many heroin the drug alcoholic's, are going to alcoholic meetings and being shunned away. i'm an alcoholic, and i've been free for 15 years. i got hurt. i broke my back. before i know it, i was hooked and the morphine patch at the same time. the thing is that i found a that i latched onto, and that people that me tonded me helped realize what's going on with my life. i got so many people in the treatment centers. your thanks for giving us experience. i have a few comments about the proliferation of heroin use in our country. theanyone ever considered pharmaceutical companies helping to offset the course of treatment since they are responsible for the painkiller theiferation and that being start of a lot of the heroin users? the other comment is -- has anyone considered the time we and poppyfghanistan being a widely grown commodity, if you will, and the fact of heroin being more widely available here in our country? my last comment is -- has anyone considered the racial bias applied when heroin or any drug users are considered victims as opposed to criminals? just a few thoughts. good morning. i have a severe problem trying to understand what is going on and dr. carson. they are non-political persons who have an agenda, a good one, to get this country right. here fromrents came ireland. they did not walk across the border. they did not swim here, that's for sure. they came here legally. they saved for years to get on a boat. when they got here, ireland became the old country, and the united states became their country. the problem we have with the illegal aliens -- not immigrants, they are illegal aliens -- coming across our border into our homes is that they don't consider united states of america their country. wherever they migrated from to come here to make our money and send it back home without paying taxes or anything else as a way of life. trump and dr. carson have hit it right on the head. we already have one giant liar from ohio in mr. boehner running congress. we do not need another one in governor kasich. we do not need another bush, and we surely do not need another clinton. what we need is someone who is going to stand up to the situation. yes, build a wall. make sure that legal immigration is carried on, but illegal immigration, no. i have great uncles who got off a boat in 1860 who went right into the u.s. army to fight in an american civil war. thank you. charles from oakland, california, you are the last call. good morning. caller: thank you for taking the call. first, the gentleman who just got off the phone, he called these migration individuals who come over here illegal aliens, and that is very discouraging. i don't understand -- hello, am i on? host: you are on. go ahead. whyer: i don't understand they are called aliens. i thought that was someone who came from outer space. anyway, how are you going to evict 11 million people out of this country? they may have lost the war, but they said they were going to take back. they have already pretty much taken california back. let's move on with these people and try to get along. the other thing a want to ask -- can anybody tell me why there was such a big raise about obama having been born not in the united states? dropped off, has and that will be the finish of our program today. another program comes your way tomorrow. at 7:45, we will talk about a new report taking a look at high-paying jobs and the number of high-paying jobs versus low-paying jobs. we will be joined by 8:30 by the ceren to talk about iran nuclear deal. the guest and his organization are in opposition of the nuclear deal. we will discuss it and the lobbying efforts of other groups who are in support of the deal. segment, will talk to the author of ashley's war in the untold story of women soldiers on the special ops battlefield and a member of the council of foreign relations to talk about the recent graduation of two women from the army ranger program and the larger topic of women in combat. all that comes your way at 7:00 in the morning. we will see you then. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015]

Related Keywords

Louisiana , United States , Honduras , Alabama , Arlington , Texas , Vermont , Turkey , China , Minnesota , California , Portugal , Jamaica , Russia , Washington , District Of Columbia , West Virginia , San Francisco , Mexico , New Orleans , South Carolina , Massachusetts , Iowa , Ireland , Spain , Greece , New York , Fort Myers , Florida , Canada , Germany , Afghanistan , Iran , Kentucky , Rhode Island , Indiana , Virginia , Georgia , Wisconsin , Michigan , Seattle , Pakistan , Denver , Colorado , Athens , Attikír , Fort Lauderdale , Oklahoma , Maine , Iraq , New Jersey , Nebraska , Town Hall , Lubbock , Saudi Arabia , Pennsylvania , Houston , Maryland , Ohio , Honduran , Americans , America , Pakistani , Spanish , German , American , Marco Rubio , Bobby Jindal , Lyndon Johnson , Scott Walker , Debbie Wasserman Schultz , Wilson Ellen , Joe Biden , Woodrow Wilson , Los Angeles , Santa Barbara , George Bush , Pacific Ocean , Jeb Bush , Lamar Alexander , Chris Christie , Carly Fiorina , Daniel Raymond , Michelle Obama , Las Vegas , Colin Powell , Lincoln Chafee , Edith Wilson , John Edwards , Ali Noorani , Ted Cruz , Hillary Clinton , Bernie Sanders , Ted Kennedy ,