I think it will take many, many years, and it will not only be dealing with the taliban, which of course is the headlines, but all of the other issues they have to address. That is much more important as a comprehensive matter i know the president is dedicated to, the chief executive is dedicated to. You get those indications from pakistan as well. While the trust may not be there to the extent that we would like, you can build momentum. So, you get get to the end goal. Two more rounds of questions and i will ask that each person only ask one question. I will start with the word row the two gentleman in the third row, one question each, please. Thank you, michael. Im representing the International Stability organization, some companies that provide services to u. S. Id usaid in afghanistan. As you draw troops down, will you be returning more to contractors to fill those gaps . Maintenance, etc. . I am a journalist in washington. My question is with these socalled peacekeepers, as the taliban is concerned, they have been terrorists and they have killed hundreds of thousands of people and they have deep roots in pakistan, of course. What role do you think india pakistan, and china will play because india has invested millions of dollars. On the general campbell on the contractor question, what we have tried to do, we have built it up to a client where we were very very dependent on contractors build it up to a point where we were very very dependent on contractors. That number has continued to rise. The last couple of years, what we have tried to do in afghanistan, as we have retrograde it out of people as we have retrograded out of people, we continue to move toward balance. There are critical areas that contractors provide. They support areas that we could not do our mission without them. We will continue with contractors on the battlefield. I think we have to balance that and as we look forward, to look inside afghanistan and have more afghanistan folks pick up those jobs out there so we build up that capacity. Michael either way. Matt with regard to the peace process, they all have a vested interest in afghanistan, be it economic, peace interests regional stability interests. China plays a greater role in the talks in early july. I think being able to do this provides greater impetus kind hiding the collective effort. India has invested a lot of money out west in afghanistan and i suspect they do not want to have those investments, under security threat. Its finding those common interests in order to achieve desired ends. Whether you take your eye off the ball and things like that, the question is whether there is the political resolve in afghanistan and with the taliban to achieve that. The fact that you have those talks taking place in early july, the first time you had afghanistan and the taliban sit down to addresses longterm problem is not something to be cast away. Its something significant. It will be a long process, but i think it is worth the effort all sides are contributing. Michael anything you want to add, general . General campbell i think that is right. I think it will take time. I am happy that india china russia are taking an interest. It will take all partners. A stable afghanistan is a good thing. If it takes pakistan, china working, i am all for that. I think the important piece is this has to be afghan led and resident ghani has taken president ghani has taken it on and will move forward. Michael everyone assumed that the taliban would take this year and next year is their opportunity because you downsize so much. Is there any indication they are becoming discouraged, because they are not taking a lot of territory . Maybe i am oversimplifying, but i wonder if there is any indication that the going is tougher than they expected . General campbell when we talk numbers, and afghan numbers is probably three or four times higher than it was last year. They have inflicted a lot of casualties. I think that we do see signs of fracturing from leadership. They are competing against isil in parts of afghanistan where they are paying more money to take away from the telegram. They have significant issues and they have found out the taliban fighters out and homeland, you find the taliban fighters out in helmand the spiritual leader of your movement, has been dead for a couple years. Somebody has been playing you. I think they will take the opportunity. The taliban are tired of fighting. They are tired of the last 14 years. They want to get on with their lives and the only way they are going to do that because the Afghan Government is not going to fall to the taliban. They realize that now. They are not taking territory. They are not meeting strategic level goals they set out. They will take a District Center, but they will lose it. They will take another District Center, but they will lose it. They are not going to gain any terrain. You talk about the cities. They are not going to gain any territory that means a great deal or has value to afghanistan. I think the president , from the very first day he took over office in his inauguration speech, he reached out to the taliban and said, you are brothers and sisters of afghanistan. You need to come to the peace process. I am opening this up to you. Hopefully this will speed that up, but i think you will have folks out there potentially like haqqani that will be irreconcilable and will want to fight the fight. And we will have to deal with it a different way. Michael it sounds like you are saying if the taliban has made any net gains, it is one presenter 2 or 3 of the country. I think people have the impression it could be a large chunk of the country at risk in a way it was not before. I hear you saying it is a very small percentage. Michael i could not put a number on it. They are not taking a District Center. They are losing it within 24 or 48 hours. They have lost the support of the people. Every survey we take shows the taliban Approval Rating is less than 5 . They dont have the approval of the Afghan People. They are tired. The Afghan People are tired of this. They want the same things we want. They want jobs. They want roofs over their heads. They dont want the taliban to come back. I dont see the taliban coming back. Michael we will take two more questions. I think we will go with the gentleman here and then three rows back im sorry, up in the front. And then the woman in the red shirt. Mark schneider, International Crisis group. General, excuse me. Let me push harder on that question. This last year since january you have had the highest rate of attacks might taliban since 2001. While it is clear they have not been able to take cities, they have been able to threaten a lot more cities outside their normal area of operations. They have managed to establish themselves over time. My question is, are they going to be able to continue to maintain their ability to provide security unless we maintain our level of support, both in terms of air support not just through the end of next year, but beyond . Is that the way to get the taliban to come to the peace table, when they see be a they will not achieve their aims militarily . Michael last question. I am a woman in afghanistan. General, thank you for being so active with the National Unity government. Icu almost weekly. I see you almost weekly. You made the remark they brought some help to the wounded soldiers. In my work, i have seen some impact, not the Wounded Warriors, adjusting returning to their families. As you know, afghans married very young. Most of these soldiers have wives and daughters and sisters and when they returned, a lot of the problems happen at home. Is the Wounded Warrior project will it have an emotional counseling part . Not for the Wounded Warrior, but the rest of the soldiers . Thank you. General campbell on the first 1 i think from the sustainment piece on the afghan side, the security versus are doing as mike said, 98 99 of this on their own providing training at the core level, the minister level, and the special operations level. They have this. They have a set of time when it has been very, very tough and we continue to progress. I dont think i think the taliban are starting to realize and i think they realized before this fighting season they needed to do something spectacular this fighting season to say hey, we are relevant, but they are not making the gains. Are they having high profile attacks . Yes. One arteaga people with suicide vest running into a place one or two people with suicide vest is running into a place with ngos that is very hard to stop. The people need to continue to stand up and identify somebody in a village that does not belong there. As they do that and they partner you talked about cities. I talk more in terms of villages. The only place city wise even the District Center that was to the west with 10 kilometers, and the report was going out, which made it seem like it was going to fall in the next 24 hours. At as we looked through the different sensors that we have, we probably more importantly the way that they get their messaging out, it probably is of need of improvement and we have talked to them about that, we really need to get the message out. We need to have the propaganda change. Just like isil does. They get the message out. They do not have to tell the truth. It balloons and picks up steam and all the sudden, the entire country thinks the National Government is going to fall. If your house is under attack or you lost a loved one, of course, you will have a completely different outlook on life and a feeling the government is not supporting it, but the strategic level i am looking from, the taliban are not winning need to get. Of course, its very, very tough. I do not think they will have issues against the taliban and. We are in the nascent stages of trying to build that program. You talked about bringing that emotional piece to the families. We have sent sergeant majors back to the United States to view how we do our programs. We are just starting to figure out how we do that, everywhere from providing martyr payments to families who lost a loved one, or to provide health care or orders to make sure they get the right care. They are working very hard on their procedures. I talked about this earlier. Driving around you get hit by an ied, you lose all of them. You lose your body armor, your headgear. Learn how to do a turn a cat just like u. S. Soldiers do. How to do a turn a kit tourniquet, just like u. S. Soldiers do. They have a lot of work to do, but i think just talking about talking about taking care of martyred families, Wounded Warrior families, the u. K. Is stepping up, the u. S. Is stepping up, and i expect other countries to step up as well. Michael please join me in thanking these two. [applause] general campbell i hope we never lose the opportunity to talk about the great men and women who continue to serve. Many have returned 3, 4, five times. Many have sacrificed a great deal and we can never forget our families. We could not do what we do without our great family supporting us being in the military. One half of 1 of your country does this. One half of 1 so the rest of you in the United States and the rest of the world can enjoy what you do every single day. We should not take that for granted. I dont take that for granted. I try to make sure every time i go to sleep night i have done everything i can, resource wise, decision wise to set our men and women up in the best possible position force protection, on on. We could not do it without the support of 42 countries. If we start taking that for granted, if we do not take care of the families, the Wounded Warriors, do not remember the sacrifice paid by our men and women, shame on us. I do see afghanistan continuing to make progress. Hourglass is halffull and i am start our glass is halffull and i am starting to fill that glass up everything will day. Thank you. [applause] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2015] throughout the month, we will look back at the cities and towns we visited this year. Tonight, austin, texas. You can watch tonight starting at 6 00 p. M. Tonight at 8 00 p. M. Eastern, a forum on the threat of isis, part of a Security Forum by the Aspen Institute. Here is retired general john allen. General allen isis is losing. When you listen closely to their tactical communications, they have problems with their morale right now. Not long after they burned the captain, a number of high School Foreign fighters isil foreign fighters rebelled and they were some early summarily executed by the central government. During the early time of kobani, there was a moment in the campaign where everyone said we were going to lose that and it would be a great victory. But they were terrified. They were either going to be killed by defenders or coalition air. There are similar messages. There are many places within the daesh and for where the morale is not good. As we strangle the finances and it becomes more difficult to pay their fighters, that will create additional morale problems. General allen serves as a special envoy on the operation to counter isis. You can watch the entire program with him at 8 00 p. M. This month, cspan radio takes you to the movies. Here Supreme Court cases that played a part in popular movies. From this summers winding gold extract the one little worm with a pair of tweezers to the freespeech case from the 19 any six movie the people versus larry flynt the 1996 movie the people versus larry flynt. Imagine suits against people like gary trudeau and Johnny Carson . What do you say on the tonight show then . The case from all the president s men. These two were assigned to it. Only now it turns out that they have their own counsel. They have their own counsel . Is that unusual. Do you know the name . Some country club type. And the landmark civil rights case turning back the laws preventing interracial r marriage. What are the things that you can do between man and wife that you can only do in virginia . That is the right to wake up in the morning or to go to sleep at night knowing that these sheriff will not be knocking on their door or shining a light in their faces in the privacy of their bedroom. For Supreme Court cases that played a part in popular movies, saturdays in august at 6 00 p. M. Eastern on cspan radio. Listen to cspan radio on 91. 4 fm. Or download the cspan radio app. Next, some of the recent forum on National Security hosted by the Aspen Institute. Top officials in u. S. National security, defense, Homeland Security, defense, and counterterrorism took part. Homeland security secretary jeh johnson took part in this event. [applause] thanks very much. Thanks, clark. Thanks to the Aspen Institute for having me back. It is a pleasure to have the secretary jeh johnson. I will not go through his biography. You will have it in your pamphlet. As i was preparing for this, the two things that struck me as most interesting its difficult to know where to start in an interview with the secretary. He was involved in some of the thorniest issues the Obama Administration inherited from the george w. Bush administration. He rescinded dont ask, dont tell. He was in charge of the fraught issue of figuring out how to shut down the risen at guantanamo. The risk the list goes on and on. With that background, it does make you realize why youre the guy for dhs, another institution with a lot of problems when you inherited it. You basically went from the pentagon where you are in offense on the road on in the war on terror to purely paying playing defense. What are the lessons you learned at the pentagon . And what are the differences in those positions you had . Going from the pentagon to sprawling dhs with hundreds of thousands of employees pieces of the government that do not belong together, have been smooshed together. Tell us about that transition. Secretary johnson big question. 18, 19 months into the job i work with terrific people. I want to mention its great to be back at aspen. This is my third year in a row. At i appreciate all of the great work that goes into preparing this. Clark and walt put on a trip at program. A lot of great friends here. My personal heroes. At and i hope everyone gets a chance to meet our terrific new dhs team. One is on one of the panels, the undersecretary frank taylor, our tsa administrator p devon juror pete who was confirmed a couple weeks ago and is on the job. I hope everyone has had an opportunity to meet these extraordinary people. So, you are correct. Part of what i did as the senior Legal Counsel at the department of defense was to sign off on a lot of our Counterterrorism Operations legally. And i took that very seriously. I looked at each one of them very carefully. That was on offense. We are taking the fight to the enemy overseas. Homeland security, by its nature is defending our borders, defending hoh report, defending Cyber Security. There are in fact ways that we can be on offense. I am pushing our people very aggressively on a lot of different things. For example preclearance capability Aviation Security. I want to see more Aviation Security on the front in. I want to see us build a customs capability on the front end of a last point of departure airport so we have more information when we screen people and we know what we know about them before they get on a flight bound for the u. S. There are a lot of airports overseas that have indicated an interest in working with us on that. Cyber security, which we will get into. We are on in an accelerated