the speaker pro tempore: the house will be in order. the chair lays before the house a communication from the speaker. the speaker's rooms, washington, d.c. july 27, 2015. i hereby appoint the honorable carlos curbelo to act as speaker pro tempore on this day. signed, john a. boehner, speaker of the house of representatives. the speaker pro tempore: pursuant to the order of the house of january 6 2015, the chair will now recognize members fromliesed submitted by the majority and minority leaders for morning hour debate. the chair will alternate recognition between the parties with each partied limited to one hour and each member other than the majority and minority leaders and minority whip limited to five minutes, but in no event shall debate continue beyond 1:50 p.m. the chair now recognizes the gentleman from texas mr. poe, for five minutes. mr. poe: mr. speaker, an armistice was signed 62 years ago today to signify the official end of the korean war, it was july 27, 1953. this first conflict of the cold war occurred when communist north korea envaded south korea three years earlier. the defense of south korea was supposedly a u.n. action, as history shows the united states unprepared for this war took the blunt of the fighting along with the south koreans. in the end, the war resulted in a cease-fire until both sides could find a peaceful settlement. no settlement has ever owe considered. this war has been referred to as the forgotten war. it's barely mentioned in our textbooks. over 50,000 americans were killed. 1,700 of them from texas. 13 texans went above and beyond the call of duty in korea. they received the congressional medal of hopor for their valor. 10 of them were killed in combat. major george an drew davis jr., united states air force. while flying his f-86 saber jet, he and his wing man attacked 12 m.i.g.s to protect u.s. bombers. after shooting down two, he continued to fight until he was killed. hits actions resulted in the u.s. bomber successfully completing their mission. staff sergeant ambroseo guelan, united states marine corps was killed two days before the cease-fire. he turned an overwhelming enemy attack into a disorderly retreat while supervising the defense of his position. the treatment and evacuation of the wounded. private first class, jack hanson united states army. while covering the withdrawal of his fellow soldiers, hanson alone manned his machine gun to stop the enemy attack. he was later found surrounded by 22 of the enemy dead. his machine gun and pistol were empty and his hand clutched his machete. hospital corpsman john e. kilmer, united states navy. in helping defend a vital hill position during assault he bravely -- braved enemy fire to aid the wounded and he was killed while shielding a wounded marine with his own body. corporal benito martinez. electing to remain at his post during an attack he inflicted numerous casualties against the enemy onslaught and refused to be rescued because of the danger involved to his other fellow troops of the his stand enabled troops to attack and regain the terrain. he was in the united states army. first lieutenant frank mitchell united states marine corps. led a hand-to-hand struggle to repel the enemy. led a party to search for the wounded and single-handedly covered the withdrawal of his men before being shot. private first class whit moreland, united states marine corps. during an attempt to neutralize an enemy bunker, he covered an oncoming grenade with his own body. his sacrifice saved the lives of his fellow troops. second lieutenant george o'brien, united states marine corps. while wounded during an attack against a hostile enemy, he refused to be evacuated and continued the assault. he set up a defense, aided the wounded, and covered the withdrawal so no one was left behind. corporal charles pendleton united states army. he was man add machine gun and carbine during multiple waves of enemy attacks. first lieutenant james stone united states army led his troops in a last ditch stand of a vital outpost. he exposed himself to enemy fire to protect his platoon when the assault swept over his position, mortally wounded lieutenant stone urged his men to continue to fight. master sergeant travis watkins united states army led 30 of his men to sur round the enemy. through his leadership a small force of those 30 men destroyed 500 of the enemy before abandoning their position. paralyzed sergeant watkins refused his evacuation as his condition would slow down his comrades. corporate victor espinoza united states army. during an attack he single-handedly had a machine gun mortar motion, taking a heavy toll on the enemy with 14 dead and 11 wounded. master sergeant mike pena united states army. after ordering his men to fall back during a pierce attack he manned a machine gun to cover their withdrawal. he single handedly held back the enemy until the next morning when his position was overrun and killed. mr. speaker, 62 years later on this day we remember the sacrifices of these medal honor recipients and other americans in the forgotten war. the korean memorial down the street appropriately depicts 38 uniformed americans moving silentlyly in the brutal cold and rough terrain in some forgotten place in a forgotten war in korea. mr. speaker, let us forget this unforgettable war no more. that's just the way it is. i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman's time has expired. the chair recognizes the gentleman from georgia, mr. collins, for five minutes. mr. collins: i ask unanimous consent to address the house. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, so ordered. mr. collins: thank you, mr. speaker. i rise today to commemorate the 240th birthday of the military chaplain corps. during the literal days of the revolutionary war that led to our nation's great independence, general george washington called for the establishment of the chaplain corps to fight for the freedom of their families and their nation. on july 29, 1775, the continental congress responded to that call. the initial army chaplain corps would later expand to every branch of america's armed services. the very existence of the chaplain corps says much about our nation's view of its fighting force. from the beginning americans understood our war fighters are not only soldiers but human beings whose heart age anne souls need just as much care. they served in all major conflicts from the colonial era to the battlefields of informing and iraq. -- afghanistan andstanand ira chlains arnot simp people of fah o decideo ministe inhe militay. ey are pfessionalwho have haexteive ligious ducations we as expeence waing th peoplthrough te allenge of life. candatefor chaplas becau recve an enforme om theifairo that ttifies to hisr her spitua morrall, iellectua and prepedss asttur as chalain and ssess a gradua dree fm a tee cal or ligis studes each musdemotrate tir comtment to free exerse ofrelion ballilitary pernnel whe athe same me a heaing all -- adhing to a militarstan couct d physic aini. ey rvon the fro o lines bate to enre relious libertin our pluristic sociy. they arthere ofaith and n ith. chaainsre thereor the pele o ser us. inwar andeace aplains prode our servicmeers with prayerouns gdance, and setimes sply a shoulder to y on. the cplain cos ants vit rol ithe unitd stes arm fors arne and dear to mheart. nce 02 i havhad the ivige of seing in the uned stateair forceeserve as ailitary chla. i vunteered ist men a omenf th u.sair force resee as a cplain becse i beeve e llingof allis to serveow w can andhe besway n. he freedo of our cnt have aed nless ous. as members of the military chaplains are not blind troonk. given our focus on the unseen, our care for the soul we do have a tendency to see more of what binds our journey together than anything that might separate them. you see, our challenges take us from the very war rooms and very inner circle the commanders preparing for battle to the very newest who serve just on the guard. as i did in iraq back in 2008 it was my privilege to see some our best and brightest serving at night in the millle of the land far away from home one in particular, when i nirs met her, she was arriving late. when she got there i was wondering why did you come late from your unit? she said well, sir, hi a little bit of a delay. i said what was that? i was curious. she said, well just a few months ago i had my little baby girl. and i thought for just a moment. she said, i was wanting to be here because i trained and i didn't want to let my fellow members down. so for the rest of that time i was there with her over the years, over the next few months we explored and i saw through pictures the life of a mother separated from her young child but watching the experiences of growth as she not only served her country but she served as a mom. it's been a tremendous blessing to see and honor the commitment of our fellow chaplains, chaplains who go when they are told to go. they commit themselves to serving when others are in need. and those are the kind of stories that the chaplain corps birthday celebrate for me. seeing the men and women who take their faith seriously but take the constitution seriously when religious liberties are protected and those are things worth standing up for. it is truly a blessing and the men and women who helped our service men and women have made a profound impact object our military and nation. it is with that thought in mind i wish every member of the chaplain corps the very best on this special occasion. chaplains, wherever you are today, as one who serves with you, you serve a vital role. keep it up. keep protecting our constitution. and keep taking care of the nations who send their best young and and young women to protect us for the very privilege of sitting in this chamber of speaking today and being a part. may the chaplain corps continue to provide a strong spiritual, moral, and ethical compass for the united states armory and armed forces for many centuries to come. as one who serves, may i just say bless them all in peace as they go about their work. with that, mr. speaker, i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman yields back the balance of his time. the chair recognizes the gentleman from florida, mr. curbelo, for five minutes. mr. curl bellow: mr. speaker -- mr. curbelo: mr. speaker today i recognize leaders miami today county schools to discuss school dispin. it was to determine alternatives to common school measures to keep focused on learning. exclusionary discipline has become far too common. often exacerbating the problems for students who struggle in school. this leaves kids down a path where they fall behind other students and end up in the juvenile justice system. the change in school discipline procedures is long overdue. rather than promoting a atmosphere of compounding punishment, we need to help our students get back on a positive track and help them succeed while also maintaining the safety of their classmates and teachers. prior to being elected to congress, i served for four years as a board member of miami-dade county public schools. i have seen firsthand the bold efforts to reform disciplinary tactics and reverse the trend that plagues so many school districts. miami-dade has created sites across the county for suspended children to attend rather than forcing them to waste their time out of school. i applaud the board led by chair hampton and superintendent carvalo for their leadership on this issue and willingness to participate in this important discussion. i look forward to working with them o to promote proper and safe school discipline that benefits the students, their parents, and their teachers. mr. speaker, i rise today to discuss the importance of science, technology, engineers, and mathematics education and also recognize the great work being done in the 26th district of florida to encourage these classes. it's no secret that jobs that require a stem related background are projected to outpace other fields as many companies struggle to hire qualified candidates. we need to encourage our students to pursue these fields early on in school and ensure that our educators have the necessary tools to help cultivate an interest in stem classes for our students. . in an effort to reach a goal of graduating stem students, they have a new certification program for teachers in collaboration with florida international university. f.i.u. has developed a program that promotes stem teacher training for first-year college students where they're paired with miami-dade county public school teachers to give them firsthand experience in the classroom. the goal is to encourage more stem majors to go into teaching. i applaud the work being done in florida's 26th district and look forward to further promoting stem education in south florida's classrooms. congratulations, again, to f.i.u. and to miami-dade county public schools. mr. speaker, i rise to recognize wednesday, august 19, as startup day all across america, and i encourage everyone to visit at least one small business in your community on this day. startups are quickly developing right before our eyes. throughout our country, there are countless small businesses that range from retail to health care and these companies are changing the work force as we know it. entrepreneurs are leading the way to a brighter future by using innovative solutions and reinventing the way we look at small businesses. our local businesses employ our friends and neighbors, helping them to pay their bills and provide a better life for themselves and their families. as a member of the small business committee, i recommend that we never forget the vital role that our local businesses play in keeping our neighborhoods strong and prosperous. again, i encourage everyone to participate in startup day across america on wednesday, august 19, and help these small businesses continue to grow. mr. speaker, i rise to celebrate august 4 as the 225th birthday of the united states coast guard. the coast guard is one of our nation's five branches of the armed services and can trace its origins back to august 4, 1790, when the first u.s. congress appropriated the funds to construct 10 vessels. these ships were designated with enforcing tariff and trade laws while also preventing smuggling and protecting the collection of federal revenue. mr. speaker, i'm particularly proud to represent coast guard sector key west, a base located in south florida that covers 55,000 square miles. they are tasked with the same responsibilities as their predecessors and also have the crucial job of combating drug smuggling from the caribbean and south america. this is no easy task, but i'm proud of the work the coast guard continues to do to stifle drugs from entering our communities. always ready, this is the motto of our beloved coast guard and our nation owes a sincere debt of gratitude to the coastees and all those who protect our great country. with that, mr. speaker, i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman's time has expired. pursuant to clause 12-a of rule 1, the chair declares the house in recess until 2:00 p.m. today. july 23, there are five democrat senators who support the pack, including bernie sanders. there are 13 leaning in favor of the agreement. and among republicans 22 are definite nos including presidential candidates ted cruz, lindsey graham, rand paul and marco rubio. again, that list being kept by the hill. it updates frequently. you can check it out at thehill.com. you can also read the agreement on our website c-span.org. tonight on "the communicators," f.c.c. commissioner michael o'riley on net neutrality, regulating the internet and the public's influence on policymaking. commissioner o'riley: when it's presented to the commissioner level, that document should be made available publicly. i think that would provide an uble for everyone to comment on exactly what we're thinking. it would allow people to hone in on issues that are problematic. right now we have people who raise concerns regarding our items. they often don't know exactly what's being put forward. so they're kind of doing rifle shots in many different scattered structures, you know, and that's problematic from my point of view. i'd rather people target exactly where they'd like to see fixes and not have to spend time needlessly on things that don't need attention. >> tonight on "the communicate oors" on c-span2. --" the communicators" on c-span2. >> on friday, hillary clinton spoke at the stern school of business at new york university. and during her speech she unveiled a proposal to get corporations to invest in workers to increase prosperity. this is just over 40 minutes. >> hillary rodham clinton. [applause] hillary: thank you. thank you. hi hi. thank you all very much. thank you. thank you. thank you. thank you very very much. i want to tell you it's wonderful being back here at n.y.u. and i thank you all for joining me today and especially my good friend and former colleague, congresswoman carolyn maloney. thank you very much, carolyn, for coming. i am grateful for this opportunity to share some of my further thoughts about the economy and the work that our country needs to do in the years ahead. first, i want to say a word about what's in the news today, and it's because there have been a lot of inaccuracies as congressman cummings made clear this morning, maybe the heat is getting to everybody. we all have a responsibility to get this right. i have released 55,000 pages of emails. i have said repeatedly that i will answer questions before the house committee. we are all accountable to the american people to get the facts right, and i will do my part but i'm also going to stay focused on the issues, particularly the big issues that really matter to american families. you know, over the past few months, i've had the pleasure of meeting young people all over our country. many came of age in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis and the deep recession that it caused. the fallout from that crash has tempered their expectations for the future and left them clear-eyed about the challenges ahead, the challenges they face and that america faces. yet, like generations of americans before them, there is also undimmed optimism. today's young people are preparing to enter an economy they know will be competitive, not just at home but globally. they're thinking about how they'll find a good job after graduation that can help them get ahead and stay ahead. the risk of a setback or potentially another crisis is never far from their minds, but what inspires me is that they are undaunted by these challenges. they're seeking real opportunities and real rewards for the work that they put in. and they're hopeful that tomorrow will indeed be better than today. so i hear these stories everywhere i go. the hard work, the grit, the sacrifices of people across our country that have brought us back and driven our recovery. so yes, now we're standing again, but we're not yet running the way america should. no country is better positioned to thrive in today's global economy than we are. we have the most innovative, enterprising private sector and most talented workers anywhere in the world. yet, while corporate profits are at near record highs paychecks for most people have barely budget in real terms. and out-of-pocket costs of everything from health care to prescription drugs to childcare to college to caring for aging parents are all rising a lot faster than wages. that then is putting a lot of pressure, enormous pressure on families and their budgets. my mission from my first day as president to the last will be to raise the incomes of hardworking americans so they can once again afford a middle-class life. we need to -- [applause] we need to end the wage stagnation that's holding back our families and holding back our country. this is the defining economic challenge, not only of this election but of our time. it gets to the core of who we are as a nation, the basic bargain of america. if you work hard and do your part, you should be able to get ahead and stay ahead. and when you get ahead our country gets ahead too. last week at the new school, i laid out a broad economic agenda to raise incomes and build an economy that works for everyone not just those already at the top. it's an agenda for strong growth, fair growth and long-term growth. and in the days ahead, i will continue outlining plans in all these areas, from setting ambitious goals for new infrastructure and clean energy investments to reining in excessive risk on wall street. today i want to focus in particular on long-term growth. consider this fact. a survey of corporate executives found that more than half would hold off making a successful long-term investment if it meant missing a target in the next quarterly earnings report. in another recent survey, more than 60% said the pressure to provide short-term returns had increased over the previous five years. we also know that publicly held companies facing pressure from shareholders are less likely to invest in growth opportunities than their privately held counterparts. large public companies now return eight or nine out of every $10 they earn directly back to shareholders either in the form of dividends or stock buybacks, which can temporarily boost share prices. last year the total reached a record $900 billion. that doesn't leave much money to build a new factory or a research lab or to train workers or to give them a raise. in fact, according to "the wall street journal" between 2003 and 2013 while typical companies in the s&p 500 doubled the share of cash flow, they spent on dividends and stock buybacks, they actually cut capital expenditures on things like new plants and equipment. as a founder of the investment management company, vanguard put it a culture of short-term speculation has run rampant. one other concern business leader calls it quarterly capitalism. now, i understand that most c.e.o.'s are simply responding to very real pressures from shareholders and the market to turn in good quarterly numbers. and investors are always looking for strong, reliable returns, but it is clear that the system is out of balance. the deck is stacked in too many ways, and powerful pressures and incentives are pushing it even further out of balance. quarterly capitalism, as developed over recent decades, is neither legally required nor economically sound. it's bad for business, bad for wages and bad for our economy. and fixing it will be good for everyone. an increasing number of business leaders investors and academics are mobilizing to change the culture of board rooms, classrooms and trading floors and to better align incentives for long-term growth. for the sake of our economy and our country, we need to stand with them. innovators like google and space ex are investing in research that does little for today's bottom line but may yield transformational benefits down the line. venture capitalists are patiently nurturing the next disruptive innovator. the big three automakers, g.m., ford and chrysler, are putting the memory of the crisis behind them and making new investments in factories and technologies of the future, including advanced batteries. companies like trader joe's and quick trip that have pros prerd by investing in workers increasing wages and improving training are becoming industry models. and large employers like target and starbucks have conveniently raised wages for entry-level workers, and thanks to pressure from workers, the trend has even extended to mcdonald's and wal-mart. you may have heard that i am a fan of chipotle. that is not just because of their burrito bowls. last month, the company announced it would provide paid sick days, paid vacation time, and tuition reimbursements to its part-time employees. [applause] these are all smart, long-term investments that will and do pay off for companies, workers and our society. they point to an important question for the future of our economy. how do we define shareholder value in the 21st century? is it maximizing immediate returns or delivering long-term growth? of course, we want to do both. but today, too often, the former comes at the expense of the latter. real value is lasting value. we all know that in our own lives. i learned it watching my father sweat over the printing table in his small fabric shop in chicago. he scrimped and saved to build that business and to provide for our family's future. it wasn't good enough to be secure for today. what mattered was tomorrow. and what's true in life is also true in business. real value comes from long-term growth, not short-term profits. it comes from building companies, not stripping them. from creating good jobs, not eliminating them. from seeing workers as assets to cultivate, not costs to be cut. american business needs to break free from the tyranny of ed to's earning report so they can -- of today's earning report so they can do what they do best, innovate, invest, and built tomorrow's prosperity. it's time to start measuring value in terms of years in the next decade, not just the next quarter. that is one of the ways we can raise incomes, help families get ahead, and deliver real value for shareholders. now there's no single cause of quarterly capitalism, therefore no single solution. but there are smart, specific reforms that can be made by both the private and the public sectors that would better align market incentives for long-term growth. reforms that many forward-thinking business leaders themselves have been calling for. i'll mention five areas of focus today, but this list should be the beginning of the discussion, not the end. first, i'm proposing a reform of taxes on capital gains. the profits earned by the sale of stock and other assets to promote and reward far sighted investments. the current definition of a long-term holding period, just one year, is woefully inadequate. that may count as long-term for my baby granddaughter, but not for the american economy. it's no way to run a tax system. so as president, i would move to a six-year sliding scale that provides real incentives for long-term investments. for taxpayers in the top bracket, families earning more than $465,000 a year, any gains from selling stock in the first two years would be taxed just like ordinary income. then the rate would decrease each year until it returns to the current rate. this means that from the moment investors buy into a company they will be more focused on its future growth strategy than its immediate profit. -- profits, and so will some scomblecktiffs who are paid in part with stock or stock options. i will also be looking at ways to address very short-term trading, whether it is conducted over days, hours, or even milliseconds. and we should offer the chance to eliminate capital gains taxes altogether for certain long-term investments in small businesses, including innovative startups and hard-hit communities, from inner cities to the rust belt to coal country to indian country. this should go hand-in-hand with a revitalized tax credit which also encourages investment in poor or remote communities and helps prevent downward spirals after economic disruption, like plant closings or layoffs. i want to see more investors helping unlock the potential of the family business that is struggling to get back on its feet. or the startup that's on the verge of making it big or the community that lost the factory where generations of families worked but now is eager to build a new future. that's long-term growth at its best. now, of course, i understand that the changes to the tax code alone will not shift investors' focus from short term to long term overnight, but i believe this reform is an important first step toward removing some of the incentives that push us toward quarterly capitalism. and this would be part of a broader reform of both individual and corporate taxes that i will be discussing later in the campaign. last week, i called for closing the carried interest loophole and implementing the buffett rule which would make sure that millionaires don't pay lower rates than their secretaries, and in the months ahead i'll address other inequitying and loopholes that distort business decisions and rig our tax code for those at the top. the second area where action is needed is to address the influence of increasing lie assertive shareholders determined to extract maximum profit in the minimum amount of time even at the expense of future growth. now, so-called activist shareholders can have a positive influence on companies. it's a good thing when investors put pressure on management to stay nimble and accountable or press for social and environmental progress. but that's very different from the hit-and-run activist who's whose goal is to force an immediate payout from pursuing strategies that would add the most long-term value for the company. even iconic businesses like apple or proctor and gamble or dow chemical have felt this pressure. so we need a new generation of committed, long-term investors to provide a counterweight to the hit-and-run activists. some institutional investors already are beginning to push back. we need more pension funds and proxy advisory firms to do so as well. institutional investors control 70% of the shares in the largest 1,000 u.s. companies. they have unmatched influence, and therefore an unmatched obligation to guide companies towards strategies and metrics focused on long-term value. there are things government should do as well. as president, i would order a full review of regulations on shareholder activism, some of which haven't been re-examined in decades. let alone modernized to reflect changing realities in our economy. we also have to take a hard look at stock buybacks. investors and regulators like -- alike need more information about these transactions. capital markets work best when information is promptly and widely available to all. other advanced economies like the united kingdom and hong kong require companies to disclose stock buybacks within one day. but here in the united states, you can go an entire quarter without disclosing. so let's change that. and buybacks lead directly to the third area of focus. reforming executive compensation. we cannot address the challenge of quarterly capitalism without making sure that incentives for c.e.o.'s and other executives are more focused on the long-term growth and strength of the companies they run and less on the short-term fluctuations in its share price. now, i am all for rewarding c.e.o.'s well when their companies prosper, and their employees also share in the rewards. but there is something wrong when senior executives get rich while companies stutter and employees struggle. there's something wrong when corporate boards allow exorbitant pay packages that aren't based on credible assessments of executive performance or a company's long-term interest. 30 years ago top c.e.o.'s made 50 times what a typical worker did. today, they make 300 times more. that just doesn't make sense. previous generations of executives were just as talented and hardworking and they managed to get by with much more reasonable compensation. so have c.e.o.'s in other countries. it would be good for our economy and our country if we get back to compensating all employees when productivity and profits increase not just those at the top. now, in the 1990's, there was an effort to tie executive compensation to company performance, including through the use of stock options. but many stock-heavy pay packages have created a perverse incentive for executives to seek the big payouts that could come for a temporary rise in share price. and we ended up encouraging some of the same short-term thinking we meant to discourage. in addition, while the dodd-frank financial reform legislation, passed in 2010, called for new regulations regarding disclosure of executive compensation, many rules have yet to be put in place. that includes a requirement to publish the ratio between c.e.o. pay and the paychecks of everyday employees. there is no excuse for taking five years to get this done. workers have a right to know whether executive pay at their company has gotten out of balance, and so does the public. now, we need to take several steps here. defend the dodd-frank act from republican attacks and finally get the promised rules on the books, reform the performance-based tax deductions for top executives, expand disclosure requirements under the say on pay rule to include an explanation of how executive compensation will promote the long-term health of the company. now, a crucial fourth area for reform is how we empower workers and make sure they're seen as the engines of growth that they are. research shows that well-paid and well-trained employees tend to work more efficiently, stay on the job longer, and provide better customer service. but those rewards can be harder to measure then the immediate -- than the immediate cost of payroll and training. so under the pressure of quarterly capitalism, they're often squandered. employer-funded job training has fallen by more than one-third in the past two decades, even as the premium on skilled workers has increased in a competitive level economy. even where training programs do exist, too few are focused on providing broadly applicable sectoral skills. the decline of unions and worker bargaining power has led to a decline in worker voices, in long-term decision-making at many companies. and it's no surprise that we've seen corporate investment in human capital decline as well. i think we need to start trying to reverse all of these trends. as president, i will fight to defend workers' rights and encourage more companies to invest in their employees. in this campaign i have already proposed a package for every new worker that businesses train and higher, as well as a plan to encourage more companies to offer more generous profit-sharing programs. i've also called for raising the minimum wage and implementing president obama's new rules on overtime. and let me add, i agree with new york's proposal this week to raise wages for fast food workers to $15 an hour. the national minimum wage is a floor, and it needs to be raised, but let's also remember that the cost of living in manhattan is different than in little rock and other prayses. so new york or los angeles or -- and other places. so new york or los angeles or seattle are right to go higher. we are going to ask the private sector to invest in the long-term, let's also face up to the fact that washington may well be the worst offender of all when it comes to short-term thinking. this is the fifth area of reform that is desperately needed. it's time to end the era of budget brinksmanship in congress and stop karining from one self--- careening from one self-inflicted crisis to another. that just creates more in certainty for businesses, for investors, and for our country. you know, i've been asking a lot of business leaders with whom i have talked you know, what are a couple of things you'd love to see happen, and almost to a person they always say, we need more predictability. we have no idea what's going to come out of washington. we can deal with whatever does, but when we don't know, when it doesn't come, when there are stalemates, when there's government shutdowns, that interferes with our business and particularly with our global business, which is kind of an obvious thing to say but i hope people in washington will pay attention. let's stop pouring subsidies into industries that are already thriving, like the giveaways in the tax code to oil companies. [applause] and start investing in the future to create millions of more new jobs in the new economy. we should be making smart investments in infrastructure, innovation education and clean energy that will help businesses and entrepreneurs grow and create the next generation of high-paying jobs. and we know the investments that will be made in these areas have very high returns. there's no excuse not to make them and make them now. for example, we should improve and make permanent the research and experimentation tax credit. every few years congress has another squabble over whether to renew this credit. they've done it 16 times in the past 35 years. isn't it time we stop kicking the can down the road and actually get down to doing people's business? as important as the specific reforms i have outlined are, the truth is that the fight against quarterly capitalism cannot be won in washington alone. the private sector has to rise to the challenge. we're already seeing a movement for change taking shape. investors, executives and employees are all starting to step up. union leaders are investing their own pension funds in putting people to work to build tomorrow's clean energy economy. and they earn good returns doing that. we need to build on this momentum. it's time to return to an old fashioned idea. that companies response -- that companies' responsibility to their shareholders also encompasses a responsibility to employees, customers, communities and ultimately to our country and yes, our planet. [applause] the strength and legitimacy of american capitalism has always depended on its ability to create opportunities for hardworking families to get ahead generation after generation. we can't lose sight of that. i'm pleased that sense 2010, 31 states have enacted legislation authorizing so-called benefit corporations which allow corporations to pursue both profit -- senator warner suggested to reward companies that invest in their workers. that proposal has real merit and we should explore it further. what's good for middle-class families also happens to be good economics. we know that strong, sustainable growth can only happen when communities are thriving and workers are well-paid. and after all, our economy is a 70% consumption economy. it's that old henry ford story when he decided he was going to be paying, you know, his workers, the princely sum of $5 a day and a lot of his peers really rose up in opposition. how can you do this? you're going to throw off the labor market. you're setting a bad example. he said, i'm building these cars. i need people to buy them. well, our economy is not yet running the way we should in large measure because we're not putting enough money in the paychecks of enough americans so that they in turn can be fueling this consumption economy, which not only holds up the american economy but holds up the global economy. it's in everyone's interest, including corporate america's, to contribute to a vibrant middle class and rising incomes. now, as president, i won't try to impose a one-size-fits-all solution, but i will use the power, the convening power of the office to bring all relevant parties together to help move our corporate culture towards solid, long-term growth and investment. just imagine how different our history would have been if short-termism had dominated earlier airas the way it does today. what if an activist hedge fund had persuaded at&t to maximize cash flow and close bell labs before the transistor or the laser was invented there? what if xerox had decided that its palo alto research park wasn't doing enough to boost prices in the short term? a young steve jobs would never have visit ready and the personal computer revolution might not have happened. what if congressional budget cuts had shut down darpa, the defense advanced research projects agency, before it developed the early internet? today we face a choice between the future and the past. the republicans running for president seem totally unconcerned about the problem of quarterly capitalism. in fact, their policies would make it worse. most would eliminate capital gains for wealthy investors with no incentives for long-term holdings. they'd wipe out the new rules on wall street imposed after the crisis. and of course, they'd further strip worker rights and weaken bargaining power. indeed, their approach to government mirrors the worst tendencies of hit-and-run shareholders, demanding quick payouts in the form of tax breaks for the wealthy at the expense of investing in the future. they ignore long-term challenges, like climate change, poverty and inequality, failing infrastructure. just look at the current mess in congress with the highway bill. we can't afford to return to the same out-of-touch, out-of-date policies that recognized our economy before. -- that wrecked our economy before. we have to have strong growth, long-term growth. that's the only way we will renew the basic bargain of america. you know it. if you work hard you should be able to get ahead and stay ahead, and when you do, america gets ahead too. it's the only way we're going to build an american economy for tomorrow, not yesterday. i invite you to join me in this discussion. i'm looking for new creative, innovative, disruptive ideas that will save capitalism for the 21st century because it is the greatest engine of economic opportunity and potential that has ever been invented. it's one of the great accomplishments of the american -- the american political and economic history. it created the opportunity that so many generations of americans took advantage of and that led to the middle class the extraordinary economic accomplishment of our country. and as we've had to do in previous airas, it needs to be re-- eras, it needs to be reinvented. it needs to be put back into balance. it needs to recognize that we really are all in this together, and the better we all do the more there will be for everybody to share in, to invest in, to profit from. so i ask you and particularly here at stern, the students and the faculty and others who are studying business, help us think through the best ways to change the culture, to move it back to where it used to be, which was much more focused on long-term investing with the results of the extraordinary prosperity that we enjoyed for decades. we have new challenges from technology and globalization and other big problems on the horizon, like climate change, for example, but that is what we are best at doing in this country. we are problem solvers, not problem deniers. we roll up our sleeves, we get to work and we keep moving forward. it is always all about tomorrow. love that song, don't stop thinking about tomorrow. so help me think about it and let's make it happen. thank you, all, very much. [cheers and applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> ♪ louder than the lion because i'm the champion and you're going to hear me roar oh oh, oh you're going to hear me roar ♪ ♪ now i'm floating like a butterfly stinging like a bee i went from zero to a hero you helped me down but i got up already brushing off the dust you hear my voice you hear that sound i'm going to shake this ground you helped me down but i got back up get ready because i've had enough i see it all i see it now i got the eye of the tiger the fire dancing through the fire because i'm the champion and you're going to hear me roar louder louder than a lion because i'm the champion and you're going to hear me roar oh oh you're going to hear me roar oh, oh you'll hear me roar you're going to hear me roar ♪ ♪ roar, roar, roar, roar, roar ♪ ♪ i got the eye of the tiger dancing through the fire because i am the champion and you're going to hear me roar louder louder than the lion because i am the champion and you're going to hear me roar oh, oh oh you're going to hear me roar oh, oh you'll hear me roar you're going to hear me roar ♪ >> ♪ just waking up in the morning quite honest with you i didn't sleep well if you felt like your train of thoughts have been derailed that's when you press on half the population is just waiting to see me fail yeah, right you're better off trying to freeze hell i do it for the kids and i'll be in the corner until the end ♪ ♪ there goes the fighter there goes the fighter here comes the fighter that's what they'll say to me that's what they'll say to me here comes the fighter ♪ ♪ if i could last 30 rounds there's no reason you should have your head down textbook version of a fighter ♪ . . ♪ ♪ . ♪ >> in just under an hoyer we'll have live coverage of the u.s. house. members will be returning to the chamber at 2:00 p.m. this afternoon for brief speeches. they are expected to recess and come back at 3:00 to start legislative work. there are 17 bills on the agenda. including one dealing with the secret service and white house protection. also several travel related bills, including the t.s.a. precheck program. it votes will take place at 6:30 eastern. you can can see the house live at 2:00 p.m. eastern here on c-span. the senate is also in today at 2:00 after the rare sunday session yesterday. one item on yesterday's agenda was the pension that was raised between majority leader mitch mcconnell and texas senator ted cruz over an apparent promise that was broken of the here's more from a reporter covering that story on capitol hill. ened we bring in a political congressional reporter. guest: good morning. host: explain this criticism from yesterday and where it came from. it has been long simmering between the majority leader and mitch mcconnell. guest: curruz is trying to showcase himself as the conservative leading the charge against the washington cartel. they have been fighting, with an overall strategy, the government shutdown in 2014, a fight over immigration at the end of last or at battles. this is the latest example of that. ted cruz ratcheted it up when he accused mitch mcconnell of lying. the strategy to move the import-export tank. to take a step act, this started in the end of may when the senate was trying to pass a major trade bill. there were three senators who were holding out their vote on the bill. what mitch mcconnell promised those people, though senators, was the vote on the import-export bank. he said he would give them a vote. the debate is on exactly what he promised. part of the promise, mitch mcconnell looked him in the eye and said he would not move the import-up -- import-export bank on his own. as we know any senator can block any amendment from being considered. what mcconnell did was, and he wanted to move to a vote to override a filibuster on the import-export bank amendment on the highway bill. they said look, the law is no secret. that is the nature of the dispute. ted cruz yesterday was very angry, coming on the floor lashed out at the senate majority leader for telling lies and for not truthful, and as essentially colluding with democrats to pass a big government agenda. it was a pretty remarkable thing . ted cruz one-a-day rollcall vote on a separate amendment to the highway bill, but given the way that to he has handled himself republicans and essentially did not allow him to have a vote because there were not enough senators who seconded in his motion to have a rollcall vote so that was dispensed with. but it was pretty remarkable. host: on the headlines, senate smack down. ted cruz efforts squelched. the rift between mcconnell and ted cruz widens. you talk about ted cruz being disputed by mitch mcconnell's office, but it has he been directly responded to in kind? guest: it yesterday, when mcconnell spoke, there was a subtle reference to ted cruz. he did not call ted cruz out by name, but he said there was no special deal that has been discussed all along. we tried to ask them a question in the halls on friday after ted cruz accused him of lying, and mitch mcconnell just smiled and walked away. he does not address the press until tuesday. he will certainly be asked then. probably similar to what he said yesterday. certainly, he will probably say there's nothing i backtracked on. it is a complicated procedural dispute. it happened behind closed doors so there is no transcript of the remarks of what mcconnell promised ted cruz and the rest. it may end up just being a game of he said, she said. host: in the leadership of the republican ranks, it includes senator john cornyn, ted cruz's colleague from texas. who was seen on the voice of conservatives in the group of senators that make up that key republican leadership staff? guest: from the leadership perspective, it is hard to say exactly. john cornyn is certainly one of the more conservative members of the senate republican leadership team. the team is sort of broken down into several senior members. there is john barrasso, rory want, senators who have been serving for a long time. specific members of leadership who are sort of liaisons to specific locks of members of the house. conservative pockets. there is really nothing like that in the senate. part of the frustration from ted cruz and others is they believe the voice of the conservative movement is not represented and the party leadership. that is the reason you are seeing some of the disputes play out. that is why ted cruz is kind of in the minority of the minority and the republican conference. there are a couple very notably standouts, and ted cruz is one of those. host: manu >> the white house will continue to press its case for the iran nuclear agreement tomorrow. secretary kerry moniz will be back tomorrow to testify before the house foreign affairs committee. that's on c-span3 tomorrow. wednesday, the house benghazi commit will hear from the state department steve of staff, john finer. focus of that hearing is hillary clinton's use of private email servers and whether any classified materials were exposed. live at 10:00 a.m. eastern on wednesday, also on c-span3. >> tonight on the communicators, f.c.c. commissioner michael o'reilly on key issues before the f.c.c. like net neutrality, regulating the internet, and public influence on policymaking. >> when an item is made for an open committee -- commission meeting and presented to the commissioner level, that document should be made available publicly. i think that would provide abopportunity -- an opportunity for everyone to comment on. also allow people to hone in on issues they may see as problematic. right now we have people who raise concerns regarding our items, but they often don't know what's being put forward. so they are doing rifle shots in many scattered structures. that's problematic from my point of view. i would rather people target exactly where they would like to see fixes and not spend time on things that don't need attention. >> tonight on the communicators on c-span2. discussion now on sanctuary cities from this morning's "washington journal." ton journal continues. host: marc rosenblum is with the thinking tank that p focuses on numbers worldwide. there has been so much focus on sanctuary cities, and you and the data to that issue. how many century city's are out there and be numbers of undocumented aliens that live in those jurisdictions. guest: a group called the immigrant legal resource center estimates there are a little over 360 jurisdictions that another cooperation with the u.s. immigration's customs and enforcement. we estimate that those counties and cities and states are will at least 5.9 million unauthorized immigrants. that is about 53% of thehe unauthorized operation -- population of the united states. host: is there sort of a baseline of specific issues where they do not cooperate that makes a jurisdiction a sanctuary city? guest: the main way that they do immigration enforcement is when people to buy's date or the police for any kind of violation. when the police department since there preprints to the fbi for criminal background check, the government data is shared with dhs. if chs determines that may be deportable for any reason, they contact the immigration system. this list of jurisdictions are those that do not always hold. there is a number of reasons that jurisdictions do not want to hold people all, the biggest one is that police departments leave it under my public safety because with immigrants who think that police are involved in immigration enforcement, they are not as willing to report crimes. host: you have written that the sanctuary cities highlight this tension between federal and local law enforcement. talk about the history of this and where the sanctuary cities came from. what were the laws that caused these decisions on the local level? guest: we've had century cities for a long time, since the 1980's. a lot of jurisdictions back in the 1980's actively resisted cooperating with immigration enforcement at that time because you have a lot of people fleeing the civil war in central america, interest actions were often sanctuary out of support for those refugees out of opposition to the u.s. foreign-policy in central america or this current round is really in reaction to this is when will i was describing. beginning in 2008, this program called secure communities is the main program that they used to identify unauthorized immigrants within the united states. it relies on this close cooperation between local police and immigration enforcement. that program became more widespread and dhs initially unveiled in 2008, and at the time described it as the voluntary program. over the next several years they decided it was a mandatory program. jurisdictions were required to participate in it. that prompted backlash, you had an increasing number of jurisdictions meeting their cooperation, trying to opt out of certain communities. host: from a legal perspective, how can local jurisdiction do that? this federal law have privacy here? -- dozens ofesn't the federal law have primacy care? here? guest: there is no federal law so once someone no charges pending against them, they are asking jurisdictions to hold them for oriented hours after that, and the locality has to pay for it this reasons for the fiscal concern because jurisdictions see this as an unfunded mandate because they are being asked to assist with federal immigration enforcement also constitutional concerns because these are people who are not charged with a crime, and they are being detained in jail beyond any probable cause. in federal court has ruled that local county sheriffs or police department can be held liable if they hold somebody on the justice processing. host: we are talking with mr. rosenblu,. - -m about immigration policy. we're taking your comments and calls. if you're in this country illegally, if you want to join the conversation today have your thoughts on century cities, especially line for you. we will start with edward, calling it from williams town, new jersey. line for republicans. good morning, edward. caller: good morning. i have a quick question for the gentleman. when we are dealing with illegal immigrants always the laws of the united aids -- state applicable to them? if they are in the country illegally, they are not the laws of this nation strictly deals with citizens of this nation. why is that the federal government thatt is not enforcing any laws that will help them detain or deep for any illegal immigrant? why are these sanctuary cities getting away with what they are getting away with? guest: two points. one is that there are certain constitutional protections including freedom from wrongful detention that do apply both to citizens and to noncitizens. the constitution does not only protect citizens. as part of the answer. the other part is that it comes -- this dispute comes down to a dispute between the federal government and the state and local governments. the state and local governments what to do with acs in their best interest in terms of local policing. they want to use their police and resources for fighting crime, not for detaining immigrants. host: you talk about the secure communities program that was the genesis of a lot of what has happened in the sanctuary cities issue. is that program getting phased out? guest: last year, the president announced that secure communities would be replaced with a new program called the priority enforcement program. and works as the same way as security amenities, it relies on that information sharing between dhs and the fbi, and local officers will still find out somebody who has been arrested appears deportable. but this imposes new limits on the types of cases that they're are going to follow up on and requested detainee. they are only going to request that the jurisdictions notifying them about a release date for an unauthorized immigrant that has been convicted of a serious crime. unauthorized immigrant who has not committed a serious crime say a traffic violation, they are not going to be put into the deportation line. but it if the is a serious crime, if it will slow down the process and elizabeth, it will allow them to rest information about the person who's been arrested, and in the control with one of these detainer request. this is also living changed to require that i showed you will cause that the person is deportable. that is an attempt to address those constitutional concerns that judges have found. host: how long will this transition take? guest: it was announced in november, and then dhs created these new forms and began training localized officers over the spring and summer. the program just really has been ruled out as of july 1. it is now operational. host: it is already getting some criticism from republicans on capitol hill. a judiciary committee, the full committee chairman talked about the priority enforcement program, and his concerns. here is what he has to say. >> secretary johnson's solution is a failure. even the secretary admitted last week that five of the priority a , meaning the worst offending member of -- offending have said they will not participate. what a jurisdiction has agreed to participate the encompass compliance only a small part of cap. there is a clear answer to this problem. compliance with the detainers must be mandatory, islanders must suffer consequences, and others must no longer allow them to turn off the immigration enforcement switch. host: your thoughts on some of the criticism? guest: he is correct -- one of the things that have is doing is that dhs is actively negotiating with these jurisdictions that have opted out of secure communities. so far, out of the top 50 or so most of them have said that they will cooperate with dhs. they are opting back into cap. five have said that they won't come and about 11 are still undecided. it gets to this question that congress was looking at last week of requiring jurisdiction to hold people and transfer them. i think it is a carrot and stick question. dhs is taking the approach that they are looking to address community concerns and to meet communities halfway and figure out what is the set of unauthorized immigrants you are willing to hold, and the protocols are willing to have to transfer people back to dhs so they can be deported? the mandate that jurisdictions hold unauthorized immigrants that congress thinks they should hold. this gets back to the question of the balance between local governments and federal government. host: let's go back to springfield, vermont. independent line. good morning. caller: good morning. i wanted to ask the question and make a couple of comments. i believe the senator who says they should be mandatory. i have wondered what it became time in this country to decide that the word illegal no longer means illegal. people can come across our borders. i believe there are some coming for rescues from horrible places, and that is one thing. but for people to come over and say they want to open a laws and have the american way, to restrict our -- disrespect our country by, and cross illegally and half century cities mean that illegal that does not mean illegal anymore, i do not understand that. two, i agree they should be mandatory. the sanctuary city select boards and councils that agreed to have century cities, i believe that any crime that happens because of illegal criminals in their area that happens, that they should be held criminally liable for those homes that happened because they are responsible for those criminals being protected there. guest: another issue that the sanctuary city debate crosscurrents with is what are we going to do about the 11 million or so unauthorized immigrants in the united states? some in congress and some of your callers believe that if you're here illegally you should be deported, and conversation -- and the conversation. but in opinion polls, many believe that those who have been here a long time, have not committed crimes should have the chance to earn their status as citizens. what we know about the unauthorized population, is more than half of them have been here at least 10 years. 94% of them have never committed a serious crime. with communities and this sharp rise in deportations that we saw over the last several years as the program was rolled out, and one of communities felt like that very robust interior enforcement going after long term members of communities, the's did not reflect best solutions to immigration policy. host: lumbar, baltimore maryland. democrat line, good morning. caller: first i want to apologize, i cannot hear the number for the liberal and my question is why is this taking such a long time to resolve? to me this is a focus on the south order, not the north order of people coming from overseas. south america, central america that aspect. my main question is, what is beholden? -- of the hold up? guest: congress in the last two presidents have been looking at this issue for the last 15 years now. it is held up, the senate has passed a couple of confidence of immigration reform bills that would combine legalization for those who have been here, with changes to the visa system to make sure people can come here legally. those bills have died in the house. it appears when you follow the legislative conversation, that we are further away from that kind of cover has a solution now than we ever have been. part of the answer is that the public is very polarized over this. a group of 20% or so of americans who feel very strongly opposed to any form of legalization unauthorized immigrants should be deported but there is another 20% or so that are strongly committed to some kind of comprehensive solution. the 60% in the middle lean toward comprehensive, but do not feel strongly about it. those full 71 sway -- those polls have a lot of sway along the primaries and the republicans in the house of representatives. it is hard to find the compromise. host: i want to come back to the unfunded mandate arguments that some communities are putting out there when it comes to cooperating secure communities. on twitter i read that sanctuary cities are unable to bear the extra cost of detaining illegal immigrants for the federal government. are there things on the fiscal line? guest: that is a argument that the communities bring theup. a lot of emphasis on the fiscal concerns. for those communities who have opted out of your communities, they have raised the fiscal issue. they have also raised the policing issue. it is both the public safety concern about the trust between immigrant communities and the police and their ability to do community polices, and also diverting resources away from fighting crime on to this mandate. and then some mentees favor legalization rather than robust enforcement for long settled authorized -- unauthorized immigrants. host: if you want to join the conversation you can call in. we would be interested to hear your thoughts this morning. we will go to shelley, waiting in our bill, minnesota. caller: good morning, thank you for taking my call. part of this conversation always go back to what we were talking about transportation bill and how it goes back to the federal budget. everyone seems to forget that the federal government and state governments, their first responsibility is to protect the public. we constantly want to cuts that in order to put -- i hate to say more welfare state policies -- i almost say enslaved the poverty-stricken to a life of poverty. here we go, we are allowing illegals to come in, which they are, and not letting those who have been in line or a legal immigration. do not understand how that is fair. supporters of sanctuary cities constantly sell to the american public that they are just here to work, etc.. they are not here for crimes. there forget to mention that 75% of americans also believe that the borders should be secure first. then we can have a conversation about what to do with the 11 million. host: mr. rosenblum, i will let you jump in. guest: i agree there is a lot of concern about border security. we look at the data on apprehensions at the southwest border. it is pretty clear that is more secure than it has been in decades. the number of people apprehended at the border, and the number of unauthorized mexicans is that a 40 year low. that is considered our best indicator of how many people are trying to cross and how many we are trying to catch. host: not a sign of missing people? guest: when you look at overtime that number falls the use that as their best indicator of how many people are attempting to cross. we assume that the proportion of people we are catching is roughly even overtime, or even going up over time. 10 years ago, 12 years ago the 1.6 million unauthorized mexican trying to cross the southwest border. last your there were 250,000. it has gone down by sixfold. host: on our twitter page with any immigration policy, close the borders first, make it all go back to the back of the line. let's go to dallas texas, life of democrats. caller: good morning. i have a question and a comment. i worked for a government agency that issues benefits. we issue benefit and have to run criminal background checks on those who apply. i have seen many illegals with dwis, various other arrest, and my question is, why weren't they deported when they were arrested for breaking the law in the first place? my comment is i do not think immigration will ever be resolved until we first make mexico a safe place for its own citizen. that is why they are coming here. i do not believe the majority of them are coming here to break the law. we have to deal with mexico, and we have to deal with the industries here at the one -- that one cheap labor. guest: on the first point, why they do not seize illegal immigrants with criminal convictions in their history people have been convicted of serious crimes that includes dwi, felonies, that is the number one enforcement priority for dhs. these are the main tools that dhs has in place to make sure that they will be deported. that system is pretty robust and apart from this challenge that is why the support for dhs to get cities to opt back in and make sure they can reliably deport serious criminals as their coming through the system. for the people that the caller is coming across, and a lot of them may have had older criminal convictions and either they deported and reentry, or they can became -- the offense came before they have a system in place. before then they were less good about it. the callers is concerned about making mexico safe. is it the central american countries that are the largest contributors? guest: i actually right. in the last year or two central america has surpassed mexico and it is because mexico has become mostly more safe and more economically successful and central america has really become the main source of unauthorized immigration as crime and violence has really spiraled there. as the economy there has remained much less productive. host: this follows up on a point the caller made, on twitter, saying they are mostly here to work, and they work very hard. why not go after the employers who hire them? guest: that has been a longtime priority. something that we have talked about a lot. something that has been at the center of these previous comprehensive an proposals. the technology for enforcing that is famously unsuccessful. right now what the law requires is that you look at somebody's drivers license and social security card, and those are easy to get a fake id, and give an employer the ability to say i did not know they were unauthorized because i looked at the writing and it looks good to me. there has been a proposal to make e-verify mandatory. it takes names and social security numbers against the federal database. it is not really a silver bullet to solve this problem because it remains vulnerable to identity fraud. i could go in with someone else's name and social security number, and an e-verify is not going to prevent that. it is hard to design a system that holds employers accountable, but makes it easy for employers to hire illegal workers, and does not terminate against workers who may look unauthorized. that is a big teeth of the puzzle but we are working on. host: 15 minutes left with mr. rosenblum from the policy institute. in a report last week understanding the potential impact of the action on immigration, the 2014 executive action we were referring to earlier. we will go to nancy in ohio. the line for republicans. good morning. caller: good morning. i was wondering when the attitude toward immigrates has changed. i have heard in the past when people would come over here at ellis island, they would make sure they had a way to support themselves, they would make sure they had some place to live, they let them know the government is not going to take care of you, so you have to be able to take care of yourself. it does not seem to be that way now. i was wondering when it changed. guest: one big change is in 1965 week had a big reform to the immigration law that for the first time reduced the number of people able to come here legally from latin america. we also ended the large worker program we had with mexico. that is the point when we have seen a lot of unauthorized immigration. prior to the 1960's, and the 1920's, the ellis island era, there were no america limits on legal immigration to the united days. there was not a concept of illegal immigration. that has been a big change since the 1960's we have a levels of unauthorized immigration. but to the other way, the federal government still does not give any welfare benefits to unauthorized immigrants, even legal immigrants are ineligible for over the first five years they are here. but unauthorized immigrants have no access to public services and they were cut much higher rates than u.s. citizens, and they have lower criminology than u.s. citizens and the idea that immigrants are going to come in and support themselves, that still exists. the reality is know that a lot of immigration is unauthorized in a way that it was not back when hundred years ago. host: mapleton, illinois, live for independents. good morning. caller: good morning. i do not understand why you are abusing people with facts. what you just said is absolutely correct about the guest worker program. i'm from california, i am retired law or smit -- enforcement, and i'm mexican-american. i can tell you absolutely nothing started -- things started changing for people when i saw the mexicans were becoming transmittance. they started taking over all the trades in california, as you know. when the demographic changes likes citizen starts moving east like it is, that is what people really do not like. they do not like the way they are seeing the change of the color of people at the kind of integration they are having with society. if they had aid with doing rest from work and working in the fields, which are now central american, they would not have a problem with that. but you see them now doing all the things i just described, and that is what people do not like people from vermont, minnesota who come in, be honest with them, just say you do not like what you're looking at. i can go at that. guest: i would agree with the caller that another big change in the last two or three decades that you've seen immigration in general and unauthorized migration in particular diffusing from traditional settlement states, california, texas, illinois, new york, to be a 50 state phenomenon. it used to be just 20 use ago that of a 5% of all immigrants lived in the top six states. now the percentages down to about anderson's 2%. they are much more likely to be found in states like georgia, north carolina, and ohio. udc that a lot of the backlash against immigration and unauthorized immigration is mostly centered in these newer destination states in the southeast and the great plains. host: the top five states for immigrants lisa california 10.3 million is the estimate there, new york and texas, at 4.4 million. florida at 3.8 million, new jersey at 1.9 million. that is some of the numbers that have been crushed by the immigration policy institute. you can check out their website. let's go to that line we have for illegal immigrants. craig from massachusetts. good morning. caller: thanks for taking my call . one of the reasons i think there is a lot of resistance from immigrants receiving legal status is that they are much more likely to join unions. as conservatives and immigrants, what they also hate our unions. a lot of places in the south states you just mentioned of these proven processing plants -- have food processing plants. it has been required in this country to organize the south there were efforts made throughout the 50's, 60's, 70's, and if the immigrants had legal status, it would be a tremendous boost for unionization. and wages would probably go up for everybody if it was unionization. host: you talk a little bit about your experience? how did you get to massachusetts? caller: i grew up in new bedford. my parents were like the immigrants. people in mexico were driven off the land who work or farmers for the most part. a lot of corn farmers ended up in the united states. my grand parents can fear from poland, and the same thing happened from them. there is a lot of similarities between the european immigrants and the american immigrants. they have almost identical histories, where they were driven off the land, into the cities, and enforced to the united states. host: can he talk about the president's executive order on enforcement. does that affect your status until -- at all? caller: i'm not an immigrants. i'm not clear on what the strategy of the president is. in the long run i think the idea of legalization is a step in the right direction for the country. host: we do have a line for specifically illegal immigrants if you want to call in and join the conversation. mr. rosenblum, i let you comment on his thoughts. guest: what his observations one of the most interesting developments in immigration to date in the last couple of decades is the relationship between immigrants and okra is labor. traditionally organized labor took a hard line against immigration. for example, unions were at the forefront to pass employer sanctions law that i talked about before, making it illegal for employers to hire an authorized -- and unauthorized immigrants. now, all organized labor have come out strongly in support of legalization and they are very skeptical of employer sanctions because they see that it is difficult to actually hold employers accountable, and those enforcement costs get tacked onto workers and forms of lower wages. unions agree that legalization races wages and we have seen some avenues for that after 1986. we saw that wages for newly legalized immigrants did seem to go out. -- up. host: tony is calling in. tells about your story. caller: i used to live in america with my kids, i work, i got deported for a simple crime. in canada, people can come to see their family. you're going to have illegal immigrants, try to come over to america. host: tony's calling in from kingston, jamaica. what was the incident that got you deported? caller: a minor drug offense. this was back in 2000, where the war on terror was going on, and every emigrant was a terrorist. host: how did you get to the united states in the first place? caller: a work visa. host: and it was a matter of staying passband of the visa? caller: right. i stayed. people can i legally to see their families, and all that, you're never going to have that problem solved. it is always going to be were people are breaking the law. reform to where people can see their kids and families. a lot of the illegal immigrants have families there. if they can go to their families the right way, after making simple estate, you're going to have this problem. guest: i agree with tony. a lot of unauthorized have families about 46% have children in the united states. we see a lefty parties want to come back because the family is here. if they have lived here long time, the caller got to deported in 2000, i do not know how long he had lived here. this problem has been with us for so long that we do have large populations that have families here, roots here, that do not have networks in their own country of origin. it does make it much more difficult to successfully do enforcement when people have their lives here in the united states. host: cambridge, maryland on our line or independents. caller: good morning. i have a couple of comments. my younger years i was a bad boy. i just some time in prison in virginia, now i have my life street and i am really my family. i work for a government official. when i was in virginia, i was in the correctional center, and i will tell you the e-mail you can gang members -- and i will tell you the mexican gang members the cartel numbers, they were locked up. a lot of them have been back and forth three and four and five times. upon their release, the used to wait for them at the gate and take them to a holding facility somewhere near d.c. and we to be deported. but they tell you that 2, 3 months, they will be back with a different name, different papers, you will not stop them. it is not just drug dealing, you have shooting into occupied dwellings, shooting into occupy cars, dry eyes. -- occupied cars, dry rive-bys. supposedly there was a law that one of them, and iranian could not be to deported because of the dangerous situation. you always have this problem. if you want to do it right, do it right. it's the elong country relies that one day you grow in you to realize to do the right thing because you cannot even law the time i if people just realize this, you do have good immigrants workers. i'm friends with some. but you also have the bad element that if he gets a lot bigger than what people think because you do not know who course crosses the border in the middle of the night. no one is telling on anybody. host: we appreciate you telling your story. guest: i agree with the caller that first of all, the program he is describing, where they are waiting at the gate is a long-standing program that is designed exactly to catch the worst of the worst, and they are pretty successful because they could go through the federal and state penitentiary's, and it is easy to find unauthorized immigrants in that captive audience. they wait for them, and they get deported. an immigrant who is committed to getting his way back into the united states, even though the border is generally quite secure, and authorities -- unauthorized entries is way down, somebody who wants to come back in, so that he can get back in. we saw this with the killer, who had been deported five times and convicted of felonies, including felony reentry. he served 16 years in jail just for illegal immigration offenses. each time he was committed to coming back. realistically we are not going to have a 100% protected border where it is impossible for them to come in. it is so important that we find a model where local police are willing and able to cooperate with dhs to make sure that people like that get sent back out. important priorities would be to be a better mitigation with central america and mexico and other origin country so that they know who we are deporting back. right now we give very little information about serial criminals we are deported back to this countries. that is something we have been asking work and we have had a hard time getting that structure in place. host: back to the line for illegal immigrants. josé is in miami, florida. caller: thank you for having me. i am a current search and professional the -- a construction professional, and i concerned about the situation. it was a burden on the local and the law enforcement immigration laws creating deep problems with the community. for instance i have an incident where we recorded a crime, and the sheriff's office showed up, and they had a little bit of concern that the complaint was about one of the government agencies. they came and they started asking questions that had nothing to do with the issue. let me see your documents, and they said they went straight to the guys who went mexican. by doing that they are threatening my guys, that you might deported, just like saying shut up. the second issue that is when katrina hit united states, we had a big need of help. i got a phone call from the border, someone was trying to get into america. the guy was america, because we needed help and we had an emergent the. i see it is very hypocritical the actions of the government. it will -- illegal immigrants in this country, it is time to make a decision, start questioning every decision our government make, and allow them whoever shows the willingness to respect the law, to become legal. guest: they are both good points. the story that the caller tells of what happens when they call with the complaint about asking for the police to come and investigate a crime, and then it turns into an immigration enforcement action, that is exactly the concern that all of the sanctuary cities are trying to prevent. it is police who need people to call and report as crimes and service witnesses in crimes. that is a real phenomena in that happens over and over again that people are concerned about. that is exactly what they seek to address, to make sure that you are limiting and controlling kopin corporation exist and preventing law-abiding authorized immigrants to get caught in this enforcement relationships. to the other point, the fact is that immigrants, including authorized immigrants do play a large role in certain industries. construction to a number one. they rely very heavily on immigrant workers, and it is hard to come up with a conference of policy solution. the industries that rely on workers, people say secure the border first, but those industries say secure my workforce first and make sure i have access to workers. creating a more reliable way to find workers that they are unable to find within the united states. if you're going to insist on getting zero inflows at the border before you create a guest worker program that this industries cap depend on, that will create huge economic consequences. politically that is hard to get across. host: esther in growth town, georgia. the line for independents. good morning. caller: good morning. i'm just sitting here listening to what is going on, and i find it hard that people do not believe that these people come in to the indebted states work, to better themselves. my grandparents came in the mid-1920's. they brought one child, and they had eight more in the united states. out of those children, there have been professional people, young people. i have a pharmacist in my family, i have two registered nurses, and my sons and my daughters that are registered nurses, they have been stopped because they look like mexicans . that is wrong. that is wrong for the people who born here. yes the grandparents came in but it is not our fault. talking about jobs, these people come in and take the lowest grade paying jobs, and supposedly they take the jobs away from the people here. these are jobs that people in the united states do not want to do. they do not want to go out and pack groceries from the field, they want to get on top of a roof in 90 degree weather to pushing those of, they do not want to do construction work of a because it is hard to do. guest: that is >> just a couple minutes left in this conversation. you can see the rest of it in the c-span video lie brarery. go to c-span.org. live coverage of the u.s. house in just a moment. members will begin with brief speeches. there will be a recess. then they'll return at 3:00 p.m. to start legislative work today on 17 suspension bills. including one dealing with the secret service and white house protection. also a couple of traveler related bills. there's one that deals with the t.s.a. precheck program. it will come up later this afternoon. recorded votes will take place at 6:30 eastern today. now live to the floor of the u.s. house here on c-span. the speaker pro tempore: the house will be in order. the prayer will be offered by our chaplain father conroy. chaplain conroy: let us pray we give you thanks, god, for giving us another day. through the ages people have not and do not listen. and give us your word as a gift filled with promise yet

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