Of humanity . Lets be clear, all this is too little too late. Also, what can the u. N. Do to help the growing humanitarian catastrophe in afghanistan . And in a stunning move, france recalls its ambassador to washington. Why . I will ask the former ambassador, gerard araud. Then Justice Clarence thomas said on thursday that the Supreme Court may not be the most dangerous branch of the u. S. Government. And while many are asking whether the highest court in the land has become too political. I will put all of the big questions swirling around the court to Justice Stephen Breyer. But first heres my take. On Tuesday President biden will make his first speech to the u. N. General assembly. The address comes at a crucial moment in the biden presidency, and will have a particular impact on how its viewed abroad. After almost eight months of watching policies, rhetoric and crises, many foreign observers have been surprised, even shocked, to discover that in area after area, bidens Foreign Policy is a continuation of donald trumps and a repudiation of barack obamas. Some of this dismay may the consequence of the abrupt and unilateral manner in which biden withdrew troops from afghanistan. A german diplomat told me in his View Berlin was consulted more by the Trump Administration than by this one. Some ask specific actions like the u. S. Uk Australia Submarine deal that has enraged the french. But a senior European Diplomat noted on dealings with everything from vaccines to travel restrictions, the Biden Policies were America First in logic, whatever the rhetoric. A canadian politician said that it followed bidens buy america plans are actually more protectionist than trumps, despite criticizing trumps tabs repeatedly, biden has kept nearly all of them. In fact, many have been expanded since most exemptions to them have been allowed to expire. Key nation allies keep pressing biden to return to the transpacific partnership, much praised him by when the Obama Administration negotiated it. Instead, its been shelved. Another striking example of bidens surprisingly trumpian Foreign Policy is the iran nuclear deal, one of the Land Mark accomplishments of the Obama Administration. Throughout his election, biden argued trumps withdrawal from that agreement had been a Cardinal Error and as president , he would quickly join it as long as iran would also move into compliance. In early 2019, Jake Sullivan described trumps opposing the secondary strikes against iran as predatory unilateralism. But since he took office, biden failed to reignite the deal. Having long argued to renegotiate the deal, biden officials say they want to lengthen and strengthen it. So far this Biden Strategy has not worked. Irans stockpile of enriched uranium went from 300 kilograms in 2018 to around 2,500 kilograms today. Or consider policy towards cuba. The Obama Administration was bold enough to tackle one of the most glaring failures in u. S. Foreign policy, having isolated and sanctioned cuba since 1960 to produce Regime Change in that country. The United States has instead strengthened cubas communist regime. Fidel castro sparked nationalist fervor by blaming all of cubas problems on the embargo, and far from being toppled, he ended up staying in power longer than any nonroyal leader on the planet. As with iran, the cost of these policies have been paid for by ordinary people. Obama began to relax the policies towards cuba. Trump reversed course. Biden kept in place the Trump Policy and actually tightened sanctions. In a recent u. N. General Assembly Vote condemning americas 60yearold embargo, the Vote Tally was 184 to 2. Israel was the only country to vote with washington. Biden and his team often criticize trump for his assault on the rulesbased international system. But how does one rebuild such a system while embracing naked protectionism, unilateral sanctions, limited consultations and americafirst policies on stuff like vaccines and even travel . When i was returning from europe last week, the british Airline Employee checking me in said nervously, i hope you have an american passport. I said, yes, but asked why she seemed so relieved. She replied, oh, The Americans have made it a nightmare for europeans to enter their country and it seems so unfair because we have much higher Vaccination Rates and much lower levels of covid than you do. She concluded in exasperation, it seems these days you americans just want a double standard that helps you no matter what others think. It doesnt have to be this way. Trumps selfishness should be the aberration. Biden can use the u. N. Pulpit to return to his deep roots as an internationalist, who understands that countries dont simply ally with america out of fear or bribes or narrow security concerns. They do so because its best President S have articulated and pursued policies that, while always being attentive to u. S. Interests, also tried to build an open rulebased international order that helps others prosper and thrive. If Joe Biden continues course though, historians might one day look back on him as the president who normalized donald trumps Foreign Policy. Go to cnn. Com fareed for a link to my Washington Post column, and lets get started. Unacceptable behavior among allies and partners. That is what the french government called the announcement of a new Security Pact between the u. S. , australia and the uk. This will help australia build a fleet of nuclearpowered submarines, among other things. But the french already had a deal to build submarines with their australian allies, and they say this move was a stab in the back. On Friday France took the exceptional step of recalling its ambassadors to washington and canberra. Joining me now to talk about this is the former ambassador to washington, gerard araud. Gerard, let me ask you first, the reaction of france seems genuinely one of shock, isnt that right . Well, yes, it was a total astonishment. You know, the Minister Of Defense and Foreign Affairs of australia were reaffirming the commitment to the contract the 13th of august. Suddenly overnight its denounced. And on top of that, it is denounced after obviously our closest allies plotting behind our back to kick us out of the deal. So you have the closest eyes of the major interests. I think the way that washington would portray this, biden officials would, this is a big, strategic play, its intended to deter china. Its unfortunate we had to do this in the way we did. My question is, was there a reason france could not have been part of the new arrangement, maybe with a reduced contract or even not at all, because the united kingdom didnt seem central to it and yet washington included it. Could france have been part of a new contract where The American submarines were used but france was still a Defense Partner in some way . I think its the right question, and actually, the french ambassador who met the secretary of state, who met the national security adviser, raised the question saying not only as i said, we lose the contract but you kick us out of this partnership. Because australia was our strategy partner. Our navies had been training together, and we consider that australia was the computer of our indopacific strategy. Our indoor strategic strategy. Do you think this will result in europe having a more independent strategy towards china . Could the Cost End up being that the eu does not fall in line with Americas China Strategy . Which strikes me as a big deal because on issues like trade, the European Union really is very powerful On Trade. We do live in kind of a tripolar world. No, fareed, i dont think this storm will have major consequences in your home because for most europeans, its a french problem. But we also have to see the sequence. As you said, trump was a sty to europe and basically we have the impression that biden doesnt care. Of course, we had afghanistan but also when President Biden came to euro, there was no proposed cooperation coming from The American side. Since then, its very difficult to say there is European Policy of this administration. Finally, gerard, do you think when all is said and done, will we be able to get back to some level of normalcy . France and the United States are long allies. They have had breaches like suez, vietnam, the iraq war. Or is this something more lasting, do you think . No, i think our common interests to work together, but there is no love, theres only proof of love, so i think that The American administration has to show, as i have said, they consider that the europeans are a real partner in the common endeavor, and we are still waiting for that. In order to lets say the United States has another big Foreign Policy initiative, and wants france to come on board, does this make it harder because, you know, you have your own populism, you have your own nationalism. Does it make it harder for President Macron to support the United States, particularly on something controversial because his opponents will say, clearly, The Americans dont care about france . No, i think youre right, fareed, and especially because in france, we are entering into an electoral campaign. The president ial elections in france are in april of next year and we are a democracy. So obviously, it will make things more complicated to President Macron. Gerard araud, always a pleasure to hear you. You always give us great insight. Thank you, sir. Thank you, fareed. Next on gps, Global Recovery from covid19 will be at the top of the agenda at the u. N. General assembly this week. Can leaders come together and make a plan to vaccinate the world . I sat down with the u. N. Secretarygeneral Antonio Guterres in Thesecurity Council Chamber this week. That interview when we come back. Renar que me va a frenar si acele. 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Despite the fact that the host country, the United States, asked other nations to keep their delegations home to avoid turning the gathering into a superspreader event, leaders of more than 100 nations are still expected. Thats well over half of the u. N. Membership. Playing host to them all and trying to gather consensus on solving the worlds most pressing problems will be my guest, secretarygeneral Antonio Guterres. Mr. Secretarygeneral, pleasure to have you on, welcome. Its an enormous pleasure to be with you again in this room. So people often said the thing we need to get global cooperation is a common enemy. The pandemic is a common enemy. Covid is a common enemy. Yet it has actually led countries to do the opposite of cooperating. Why, and is there any chance are you seeing signs that there is greater Cooperation Beginning . There are some positive signs. We had the imf together with the world bank, the World Health Organization and the World Trade Organization proposing a program of 50 Billion to allow for increased vaccination in developing countries. I know President Biden is convening a summit to try to increase substantially the amount of vaccines available to the developing countries, but lets be clear, all of this is too little too late. The fact is that the international community was not able to come together in relation to the covid. We have this absolutely unacceptable situation, where a country like mine that was very successful has 80 of the population vaccinated. Thats portugal and most of europe is. And we have countries in africa with less than 2 . When i look at it realistically, it seems to me the only strategy that would work would be a joint u. S. chinese one because only the chinese companies will be able to produce the billions of vaccines you need. The western companies, those vaccines are spoken for already. Theres no prospect, is there, of a cooperation between the United States and china to vaccinate the world . Im very worried about it, i am. We have two divides in the vaccine question. We have a north south divide, in which the north took care of its population and forgot largely about the south, and the south feels this is terribly unfair, and this increases the mistrust of the global south in relation to the global north. And the Geo Strategy Divide which is now between china and the United States. Since the beginning, and talking with both sides, i have been saying that there are areas in which there is no possible agreement. There are areas in which a confrontation is inevitable. Human rights is one of these areas. The other geostrategic questions for instance in the south China Sea or taiwan, there are areas where there are different positions and it will not be easy to overcome these differences. There is an area where i believe there should be effective cooperation, climate. And then there are areas in which i believe a negotiation is necessary, a serious negotiation, because there are different interests, but at the same time there are common interests. And this is related to Trade And Technology. Now, weve seen that the areas of confrontation have dominated the relationship. Weve seen that in climate, the efforts of John Kerry have largely failed because the chinese have said at the moment, well, we cannot have cooperation on climate or on anything else. And On Trade or technology, theres not been an effective negotiation. I think theres still time to do that. My appeal to both sides is, okay, we have the differences. The differences are clear. We need to keep those differences and, of course, to express very strong oppositions, but we need to find areas in which we can seriously negotiate and Trade And Technology are the two areas in my opinion. And that would create an environment which then the cooperation on climate or cooperation on vaccines could become possible. I think the present situation in which we move to totally confrontational countries is a dangerous situation for the world. And the risk of the economy to become two different sets of rules with two different parts of the world with two different dominant currencies and two different stat gees on Artificial Intelligence and the digital world, and inevitably, sooner or later, two conflicting strategies from the military and the geostrategic dimensions. And this will be, of course, very dangerous. I believe that we need to avoid a new Cold War because the old Cold War was more easy to manage. It was clear. Now things are more complex. When you tell the chinese government that they should allow the w. H. O. To conduct a proper investigation of covid, what is their response . Their response is the investigation was already done properly. So this is a matter of different opinion. But you know it wasnt. I believe there were aspects of a full investigation related to the kind of data that is produced in which what the w. H. O. Is now requiring makes sense. And the chinese are not allowing that . As far as i know for the moment, they have refused these new requirements made by the World Health Organization. Next on gps, secretarygeneral guterres on The American withdrawal from afghanistan and whether the u. N. Would work with the taliban. Bill, mary . Hey. Its our former broker carl. Carl, say hi to nina, our schwab financial consultant. Hm. I know how difficult these calls can be. Not with schwab. Nina made it easier to set up our financial plan. We can check in on it anytime. It changes when our goals change. Planning cant be that easy. Actually, it can be, carl. Look forward to planning with schwab. Schwab i see you found the snacks. Mmm, delicious i need this recipe. Everyone thinks i made them, but its actually dcon. 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Its easy to love a subaru. We are back here on gps. Here is more of my interview with u. N. Secretarygeneral Antonio Guterres. We talked in the Security Council chamber. The mural in the background offers a vision of the world of peace. But i was interested to hear his thoughts on a currently wartorn nation. Mr. Secretarygeneral, let me ask you about afghanistan. You recently said it was a fantasy to imagine that the United Nations would be able to handle the afghan problem, and yet there are really at this point no governments even that recognize the taliban. Very few are willing to provide aid that would help afghans from, you know, entering into a kind of Starvation And Poverty on a massive scale. Isnt the solution for people for countries to be able to give the United Nations the money so that No One says that they are supporting the taliban, and the United Nations finds a way to distribute that aid toward ordinary afghans, or is that impossible . But thats exactly what were asking for. I have sent To Kabul the Emergency Grief Coordinator and head of the humanitarian affairs sector, who was the first personality at Military Level that went To Kabul and spoke with akane, with all of those that matter. What i said about the fantasy is you cannot ask the u. N. To solve all of the problems that many countries, with Hundreds Of Thousands of soldiers, with billions of different currencies, and with all of the means at their disposal for decades were not able to solve. And say now the u. N. Goes there and solves everything. If they have an inclusive government, they will have full respect for Human Rights and stop all terrorism and terrorist activities. Lets be honest, we have not the capacity to do that. All of the others failed for decades. What we can do and we are doing is to engage with the taliban, first of all, for humanitarian aid and to make them understand to have solidarity from the international community and to be able one day to have recognition for this international community, they need to deliver on the aspects that are very important for us, Human Rights for girls and women. Women the right to work, girls the right to be at school at all levels, that it will be very important for them to be in the international community to avoid taliban to be a Safe Haven for terrorists. These are things we can engage with them, advocate for, but we have no illusion, the situation is unpredictable. And if Someone Today says that they know exactly how afghanistan will be in three months time, i think its probably a prophet without much credibility. But from your conversations with u. N. Officials you sent To Kabul, in the conversations with the taliban, what is the impression you are forming of the taliban . I think one thing is the conversation with a number of leaders and those conversations were very positive. The other thing is what exactly is the taliban movement in its entirety . We have witnessed in different parts of the country, there are different behaviors. Weve seen the formation of this government has not yet been possible because there are divisions among the taliban leadership. This that was created was not a final government, it was kind of a preliminary government. So in my opinion, the situation is unpredictable. And because it is unpredictable, its important to engage. And at the same time because the afghan people is suffering, its important to support the afghan people. If we do those two things, we might succeed, we might not, but its our obligation for the u. N. , that has been there since 47 until now and was there during the first taliban regime. Its important for us to stay and to deliver. Finally, do you feel at this point in the pandemic just to come full circle, do you feel at this point in the pandemic more hopeful that there will be some international effort or less hopeful than you were a year ago . I think that now the situation has become so obviously threatening for everybody with these variants the Delta Variant was a lesson to many, including where we are in the west. And there were recent news about other variants that might put into question the vaccines we have. I think now there is a conscience that if we dont address quickly, the problems of those areas of the world in which the virus is still spreading like wildfire, we risk to have the covid as a permanent problem like the flu. And these impacts we are seeing in the global economy, this is something we need to avoid at all costs, and i think theres a growing conscience that this is the case, and i hope in the next few weeks, there will be effective progress in relation to the vaccination progress. Mr. Secretarygeneral, pleasure to have you on. Thank you very much. It was a great pleasure. Next on gps, Justice Stephen Breyer of the United States Supreme Court. Many say the current court is too political. He says their wrong. His argument when we come back. It beautiful. State of the Art Technology makes it brilliant. The lexus nx. Experience the crossover in its most visionary form. Experience amazing at your lexus dealer. Air wick essential mist transforms fragrance infused with natural Essential Oils into a mist. With an extra boost of fragrance you can see. Smell. And feel. Its Air Care redefined. Air wick essential mist, connect to nature. Today lets paint with new Behr Dynasty™. So that you can be proud of your walls. Wheres your furniture . Oh we thought it distracted from the new Behr Dynasty paint color. Let me take your coats. Because Behr Dynasty only takes. One. Coat. Behr dynasty. Go ahead, throw your wine on it. What . Stain repellent. Its also scuff resistant. 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This month the Supreme Court decided not to intervene to stop a Texas Law that dramatically restricts abortion rights. The decision was seen by many as a result of president trumps appointment of three justices, which shifted the court to the right. My next guest wrote a strong dissent in the texas decision. Stephen breyer votes consistently with the courts liberal wing, and yet he believes in order to maintain its influence, the court must be apolitical and seen as apolitical. Its a opinion he defends persuasively in his new book the authority of the court and the peril of politics. Justice breyer joins me now. Welcome. First, i have to tell you this is a terrific book. Youve done a lot of interviews and not a lot of people have talked about the book, so i want to begin by recommending to people this really is a terrific book. Thank you for writing it. Oh, thank you. Thank you very much. Im glad you read it. Lets start with your central premise, which is the Supreme Court has a surprising amount of authority, as many would see as a pivotal play in american politics, despite the fact it has no power. As Alexander Hamilton said, you quote him, dont worry about the Supreme Court, it has neither the power of the purse nor the sword. So what gives the court its authority . Ultimately, its the people in the United States, 331 Million of them, 330 Million are not lawyers, but ultimately those people have decided that they want to live together, every race, every religion, every point of view imaginable, and they have decided they want to live in one country together under law. Thats an amazing thing in the history of the human race, and this document, the constitution of the United States, is really the basic law that they have decided will hold them together. And the Supreme Court does typically have the final word as to the meaning of the words in this document. So it wasnt always as easy as this. Oh, no, it wasnt. You pointed to the decision in 1829, i think. The case was basically georgia discovered that the state of georgia discovered there was Gold And Land that was cherokee indian land. It had been given to the cherokees by treaty. Georgia takes it. The cherokees take georgia to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court rules in favor of the cherokee indians, and then what happens . Well, thats the case where even though john marshall, the Chief Justice, and the others decided that Northern Georgia belongs to the cherokee indians, the president , andrew jackson, supposedly said john marshall, the Chief Justice made his decision, now let him enforce it. And he sent troops, the president , to Northern Georgia to enforce the decision no. Rather than to kick out the indians. And they marched along the trail of tears, many dying, To Oklahoma where their descendants live to this day. So it took a while, and there have been some terrible decisions of the Supreme Court. Dredscott, terrible, messy v. Ferguson that started segregation in the south, terrible. But there also have been high points, brown versus board of education. There must be integration. Legal segregation. You point out, Justice Breyer, your secretary On Brown is also fascinating. Brown V Board of education saying separate but equal is not okay. You have to integrate the schools. In 1953 1954, sorry, for three Years Nothing happens. Nobody observes it, nobody follows it. Then in 57 a federal judge tells arkansas that it has to admit nine black kids into an allwhite school. Tell that story of how close a call it was because even then people didnt want eisenhower to try to enforce this decision. It was a great decision of president eisenhower, that he would send A Thousand paratroopers, 101st Airborne from ft. Bragg to take those children in the school. But they couldnt stay forever, and when they left, the authorities in Little Rock tried to end integration and go back to segregation, and the Supreme Court said no. All nine justices said you must integrate. Now, well, those are nine people. Those are nine people. There could have been 900 judges, and there were a lot of people in the south who didnt want to. So what i think happened is that was the era of martin luther king. That was the era of the freedom riders. That was the era when the north, the entire country woke up woke up to the injustice of segregation, and they wouldnt have gotten anywhere, the judges, if it had not been for all of the people who arent judges to begin to decide to bring justice to the south. No more legal segregation. And i told that story to a woman who is the president of the Supreme Court of ghana and wants ghana and wanted ghana to become more democratic, to become more civil rights oriented. Why . Do people do what you say, she asked. I said you have to convince the people in the villages, in the towns, the millions who are not lawyers, that it is in their interest to follow a rule of law. And that means not just the decisions you like, but also decisions you dont like. Like Bush V gore, i dissented in Bush V gore but i heard the leader in the senate, harry reid, said the most remarkable thing about that opinion is people followed it without guns, riots and stones in the streets. When people think too bad there werent i mean, i thought it was wrong, and when i hear them say oh, well too bad there werent a few riots, i say, hey, its not too difficult to see what happens in countries and in places and in times when people dont follow a rule of law. Its terrible. So its a miracle, its a miracle this country in that respect. Were going to take a break. And when we come back, i want to talk to Justice Breyer about precisely about Bush V gore, this pivotal case that may have changed the image of the court and left a long legacy. With barely a bobble. Lucia. Who announces her intentions even if No Ones there. And sgt moore. Who leaves room for her room. With usaa safepilot, when you drive safe. You can save up to 30 on your auto insurance. Get a quote and start saving. Usaa. What youre made of, were made for. Ayy, ayy, ayy yeah, we fancy like applebees on a Date Night got that Bourbon Street Steak with the Oreo Shake get some whipped cream on the top too two straws, one check, girl, i got you bougie like natty in the Styrofoam Squeaksqueakin in the Truck Bed All The Way Home some alabamajamma, she my dixieland delight ayy, thats how we do, how we do, fancy like, oh folks the worlds first fully autonomous vehicle is almost at the Finish Line Today were going to fine tune the dynamic braking system whoo, what a ride . I invested in Invesco Qqq a fund that invests in the innovators of the nasdaq 100 like you you dont have to be a deep Learning Engineer to help make the world a smarter place does this come in blue . Become an agent of innovation with Invesco Qqq oooooooo yeah eh eh land and sea, Thats Mine and pardon when i shine hands to the sky, all mine were back with Justice Stephen Breyer, the Supreme Court of the United States. Justice brie yes, you were talking about Bush V. Gore and i want to ask you a question about it in the context of your central argument. Your central argument, correct me if im wrong, is that we shouldnt think of judges as political in the way we do. Yes, they have differences, but those differences are not partisan political. They are jurisprudential. They are based on how people see the Constitution And Law and things like the original intent of that of those laws. So when you look at Bush V. Gore, this is the case that i think changed many peoples view about that because the constitution is pretty clear that the states get to decide who their electors are. In fact, thats what republicans are now using as a way to allow states to do whatever they want with the electors, you know, in some cases, no matter what happened in the election. States get to choose their electors. In Bush V. Gore, the conservatives who normally take the position that states rights are important and State Authority must not be you know, overridden by the federal government. Those conservatives switched and they ended up saying no in this particular case, we the Supreme Court, we the federal government have authority that trumps the state, and to a lot of people it looked like justices like Justice Scalia were completely reversing their longheld jurisprudential view to achieve a political outcome they wanted, the election of george w. Bush. Didnt that damage the courts legitimacy more than anything i can imagine . I can imagine worse things. What about pleasant ferguson . What about separate but equal, but go back to the point. It would take me a while to convince you, more time than we, have but the constitution says that each state shall appoint in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct the electors who will vote for the president , and the majority of five thought that the lower courts in florida had not done what the legislature directed. I didnt agree with that one little bit, but the people who were in dissent, and there were four, two were appointed by republican President S and two were appointed by democratic President S. I mean, ive never seen People Trade votes on the Supreme Court. They havent, and i can think of a lot of cases even recently. We recently decided that gay people cannot be discriminated against by their employers, and the five that made that up or four of what you might call, quote, liberals and one of them was not, its what you might call a conservative. Three times the Supreme Court has upheld obamacare, and we did that recently by a vote of 72, so some cases come out in ways a political party, one or the other might favor and some do not. Those differences of judicial philosophy you pay more attention, complete attention as Justice Scalia liked to do to the text, or you also bring in, as i might like to do, consequences and purposes and values. The Word Liberty in the constitution does not define itself, so there are many jurisprudential differences, and it isnt totally jurisprudential, but it isnt really right to say that its political in the ordinary sense of politics, so youd have to read this book with some care as youve done in order to see the Complexity And Nuance there. So is this ideal off a nonpolitical courts, of a nonpartisan court so important to you that you are willing to risk the fact that your successor might undue much of what you regard as the good youve done and might take the court and the country in a very different direction. Now what youre doing is asking about will i retire, and eventually i will. I dont want to die there in officers and i havent decided exactly when, but there are a lot of considerations, and im i hope i take them all into account, properly and when the time comes to announce something i will, but not here now. Well, i think as i said, this is a terrific book, and, you know, the central point you make which is that the Courts Authority is this kind of mystical thing and should be preserved its so important. Stephen breyer, pleasure to have you on, sir. Thank you very much. Thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week. I will see you next week. Welcome to allstate. 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