Experiencing today, youve seen it experienced in jerusalem for thousands of years. For the jews, jerusalem is Wear Solomon built the holy temple. For christians, this is the place where jesus was crucified. For muslims, jerusalem is where the prophet muhammed made the night journey. People who are said to have conquered the world have swept through this city. No other individual changed the landscape in the way Herod The Great did. Saladin was determined to take on the christians and throw them out of jerusalem. At a time of ottoman islamic rule, the british badly wanted to control the holy land. The main case of the arabs is against the british Government Policy in palestine. We are the only people in the world homeless and stateless. For israelis, the creation of the state of israel is seen as a miracle. And of course for the palestinians, its a great disaster. The history of jerusalem, a very complicated story. And if you dont know it in its complexity, its very hard to understand whats going on there today. The past is never dead. And if there is a city in the world to which that applies, its jerusalem. 18 years have passed since the 1948 arab israeli war. After a period of calm, tensions are rising again in the Middle East. The young nation of israel struggles to find stability as the entire region hovers on the brink of a new conflict. Israel is still a very young country. The idea of accept be israel as part of the Middle East is foreign. Israel and its arab neighbors, egypt, jordan, syria, lebanon, were at a state of conflict since 1948. The Middle East was arab for at least 2,000 years, and suddenly these immigrants come from eastern europe, and they build their own community here, and it was the new island of foreigners in the midst of the arab Middle East. At this time, the palestinian Refugee Situation from the 48 war is not resolved. There were three kinds of Palestinian Refugees at the time, West Bank, gaza, and then there were the palestinians who were living inside israel who stayed there after the 1948 war. Many palestinians are still longing to go back to their homes. Theyre still carrying the keys to their homes in haifa and yaffa, and of course in jerusalem. Jerusalem itself was divided between israel and jordan, which was the result of the war in 1948. Jerusalem was a berlinlike divided city. In most of the areas it wasnt a wall. It was mounds of concertina barbed wire. And when jordan occupied the old city of jerusalem, the jews were not allowed in the city, and the old community of the jews were essentially kicked out of their houses. While jordan restricts jews from accessing their holy sites, the king of jordan Desires Peace with israel. King hussein was a very smart, shrewd man, and he understood the red lines of the different Power Dynamics in the region. At the same time, maintaining his close relationships with england and with israel. He was a very british, westernized figure. He had all the sort of manners and charm of the traditional english gentleman. But there were lots of Skepticism And Distrust towards him from lots of arabs as a friend to the jews. So in the 1960s, he was really in a very weak position in the Arab World. King hussein is also the grandson of the leader who captured jerusalem during the 1948 arab israeli war. Abdullah, the hashemite king of jordan, achieved something quite significant when he took the West Bank and half of jerusalem, which rightfully was land that belonged to the palestinian state. But its a dangerous thing to play with jerusalem, and he paid a high price. To the old city of jerusalem, King Abdullah went for the friday prayers. Among his own people, he walked u unguarded and unafraid. But there were those who hated him, and as the king entered the mosque to pray, a young fanatic killed the man who might have brought peace to the Middle East. So abdullah was assassinated by a palestinian who viewed abdullah as disloyal to the palestinian cause, which was a palestinian independent state. And King Hussein was with him as his grandson when he was assassinated in jerusalem. Suddenly i saw Someone Rush from behind a door to the right side with a revolver in his hand, and before anyone could do anything, he fired a shot. My grandfather was hit and fell. It was a shock. I tried to rush for the man, and he turned and fired. I received a bullet that ripped off a medal off my chest. Theres a story that King Abdullah, before he was assassinated, pinned a medal on prince husseins chest. And it was that medal that saved his life. As King Hussein in Jordan Search for stability, the rest of the Arab World follows the lead of a very different kind of ruler. The most powerful regime in the Arab World was egypt. President nasr was essentially almost for lots of arabs, someone who is equivalent to the prophet mohammed. He was extremely influential. He could, by just a word, topple a regime. Abdul nasr was the leader of egypt since 1956. He was over 6 feet tall. He was incredibly handsome. He was decisive. He was a superb speaker who could wow giant crowds. And he inspired tens of millions of arabs throughout the region, saying that a new dawn for the Arab World was coming. There was a sense that finally somebody is standing up and defying imperialism, especially the 160something thousand palestinians who were left in israel. Nas ear gave them a sense of pride. He was offering them a glimpse of hope and that i am coming to your aid. Fear not. In israel, when we looked at nasr, he terrified us because the israelis were quite confident that they can face any challenge from the Arab World as long as the Arab World is not united. Nasr wants to be the one who is going to unify all these different arab state whos are slowly coming under the influence of the british mandate. To do that, he needed to turn to israel as the enemy. The most fundamental common denominator in the Arab World at the time was the was the hatred toward israel. So nasr used this. He wants to give his audience excitement. He wants to move them. But does he really want to fight a war . Nasr didnt really want to go to war. He was afraid of a defeat. King hussein didnt want a war. The israelis didnt want a war. But then something very drastic happened. Announcer Jerusalem City of faith and fury, brought to you by inflammation might be to blame. Inflammation time for ache and burn over the Counter Eye drops typically work by lubricating your eyes and may provide temporary relief. Inflammation thosell probably pass by me xiidra works differently, targeting inflammation that can cause Dry Eye disease. Inflammation xiidra . 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Cerave cleansers, developed with dermatologists, help me maintain my Moisture Balance with hyaluronic acid, known to attract moisture, Plus 3 Essential Ceramides to help restore my natural barrier. With cerave, cleansing can be about giving not just taking, so we can be a healthyfeeling clean cerave clean. Cerave cleansers. From the 1 dermatologist recommended skincare brand. Payday, payday monday, payday tuesday, payday wednesday, payday thursday, payday friday, payday saturday, payday sunday, Payday Payday, Payday Payday hostilities are mounting across the Middle East. But while every country wants to avoid an outright war, a faction of palestinian arabs are done waiting for their own independent state. On the palestinian side, there was a rising organization that was formed in the earlier part of the 1960s that came to be known as the plo, that was meant to bring under its umbrella the diverse palestinian movements that were taking matters to their own hands. The plo is using the territory around israel to sort of launch these small military campaigns. I think terrorism is horrible. I dont think its helped the palestinian cause, but this is a history that palestinians understood well. Israel took this land by force, and it can only be returned by force. And that was the justification for the terrorism and the violence. In november 1966, they laid a mine in a israeli command car. It was destroyed and three israeli soldiers were killed. Following this incident, israel took what we call an act of retaliation against the jordanian because it was near the jordanian Israeli Border in the West Bank. There was a battle with jordanian soldiers. About 30 or 40 jordanian soldiers were killed, and it was a major issue. And because the jordanians saw the israeli victory, and they started asking, where is nasser . He promised to be our protector, but he doesnt do anything. So this Incident Led nasser to react militarily. In response to mounting pressure, President Nasser blocks israels access to the straits of tehran, preventing israel from receiving valuable oil shipments. Nasser thought that he could employ new tactics by closing the straits of tehran, where 90 of the oil at the time was coming in. He could pressure the israelis into caving. And so his assessment at the time was war would not happen. Theres no way the israelis would declare war. From the israeli perspective, we declared that if they close the straits, we go to war. Then suddenly he closed them, and here we have a crisis. With conflict seemingly inevitable, nasser recognizes its time to finally unite the arab Middle East under his command. Nasser started to build an alliance with lots of regimes in order to make sure he has everything ready for that epic battle. If nasser says get in line, you got to pay attention to that. King hussein did not want a war, but he had no choice but to side with nasser. He is a descendant of the prophet. Hes a defender of arab muslim causes. He cannot sit on the sidelines. So he was pushed into this war whether he wanted it or not. The most significant development of the week in terms of Arab Unity came on tuesday. King hussein of jordan, usually called a Western Stooge and a Cia Agent by President Nassers propaganda services, flew to cairo to sign a fiveyear mutual Defense Pact with egypt. On may 30, nasser reached his goal, which was to command the Arab World. Once an arab united command had been established and the arab generals started to coordinate their acts, then we felt that the situation is really dangerous and many israelis started to be afraid for the fate of the country. Dont forget that this is barely 20, 22 years after the holocaust. There are ermese gathering on our borders. The fear was genuine. [ speaking foreign language ] the israeli government is just as fearful. Traditionally in israel, the Prime Minister was also the minister of defense. Our Prime Minister in 1967 was la vish cal, who was a very good finance minister, but he had no background in military issues. Once the crisis started, it was clear that eshkol is not the leader that you want in a war. And all eyes turned to the charismatic Moshe Dayan. Dayan was one of the most complex and enigmatic figures in israeli history, full of contradictions. He was a rogue and a hero at the same time. It was said that he had 100 ideas an hour. And out of those, 99 would be dangerous, and 1 would be brilliant. He lost his eye in the second World War. Then his patch became a symbol. So here you have a legend born. Today, israeli armor is facing a group of arab countries united by Defense Agreements and in a far stronger position to sweep israel into the sea. Nasser and his allies thought that this would be a decisive victory. It would enable us to defeat the israeli forces and move in to claim more land from the israelis. But Dayans Philosophy is, you hit em first, you hit em hard, and you hit Em Right in the mouth. And if you can knock them out, youve already won. Dayans opening salvo will launch what becomes known as the sixday war. Payday, payday monday, payday tuesday, payday wednesday, payday thursday, payday friday, payday saturday, payday sunday, Payday Payday, Payday Payday things you start when youre 45. Coaching. New workouts. And screening for Colon Cancer. Yep. The american Cancer Society recommends screening starting at age 45, instead of 50, since Colon Cancer is increasing in younger adults. Im cologuard®. Im convenient and find 92 of Colon Cancers. Even in early stages. Im for people 45 plus at average risk for Colon Cancer, not high risk. False positive and negative results may occur. Ask your provider if cologuard is right for you. Door Closes Door Closes excited Laughter Ahhh Ohhhh Fridge Closing Crowd Noises cheering Laughter War threatens the entire Middle East, and israel finds itself surrounded by enemies. Nasser had been broadcasting that they were going to throw israel into the sea and that they were ready to attack. And at a particular date, dayan said, weve heard enough of this. We should attack first. First strike was a strike by the israeli Air Force, and the essence of this plan was to surprise the egyptian Air Force by dropping bombs so that the egyptian Aircraft Wont be able to take off. In 1967, it was my seventh year of service in the Air Force. The whole Air Force actually took off with not one word on the radio. They managed to maintain their secrecy and get their planes off the ground and fly extremely low so that they were not detected by radar. They swing the planes out over the water and then bring them in from the west. We flew over the Mediterranean Sea at about 100 feet until the delta of the nile. We pulled up at around 6,000 feet. We turned around 35 to 40 degrees of diving to make sure that the bombs hit the center of the runway. We made three passes with 30 machine guns, and we were shooting planes like Sitting Ducks on the runways. There was about 400 egyptian and syrian jets being destroyed in this way, and they burned beautifully. [ speaking foreign language ] but nasser still believes he can achieve victory as long as his people dont lose their faith. So the arab media started broadcasting their version of the war, which wasnt realistic. Nasser controlled the airwaves via radio. He could send his message out to almost every population around him. And the Propaganda Machine at the time was saying, victory, israeli airplanes falling from the sky like flies. While Nassers Propaganda spreads across the Middle East, Moshe Dayan launches the second wave of his attack on the egyptiancontrolled sinai. Now, israel completely controlled the skies, and that rendered all the armies, army of syria, army of egypt, and even army of jordan very weakly defended. The goal was to occupy the sinai and destroy the egyptian army. As the Israeli Army started to advance toward gaza, their first encounter with egyptian forces was extremely bloody and israel lost several battalions. The casualties was extremely disheartening, and this could have fueled lots of Acts Of Vengeance on the parts of israeli soldiers. But the israeli moving into sinai, they created what they called a box fire. Basically soldiers standing on this side of the box, soldiers standing on this side of the box, and then shooting everybody that stands right in the middle of that box or in the way of that box. So they showed No Mercy to the egyptian soldiers. I know that there were cases like this. There were prisoners they didnt know what to do with because they had to move on, and there were cases where they shot prisoners. Compared to what the egyptian and other arab armies did to israeli prisoners, it wasnt so bad. Each side remembers the atrocities inflicted upon us. Neither side remembers the atrocities that weve perpetuated. But the Israeli Army used massive force, and during the first six, seven hours of the war, the egyptian army collapsed. King hussein and President Nasser at the time were shocked and overwhelmed. And nasser started believing that hes losing the war when he realized he lost sinai. And so he orders the jordanians to begin shelling jerusalem. And this is nassers first big move of the war. King hussein found himself in a situation where he didnt want to go to war, but now he had an egyptian general commanding his fo forces, and an army started shelling west jerusalem. [ speaking foreign language ] the shelling is meant to target jews in west jerusalem, but its the palestinian arabs living in the area that are left defenseless. We didnt have a shelter, so my mother decided that the kids, that we should stay and not move from under the dining table. I was 7 years old at that time. I hear until now very vividly the bombs, the airplanes, the clashes. Citizens were killed, palestinian and israeli. Everything stopped in jerusalem. It started in the morning, continued through the afternoon, and towards the evening, it was clear that the jordanians mean war. The war for the Middle East has come directly to jerusalem. Dr. Henry thayer created his Witch Hazel remedies when toner was nary a word. His alcoholfree formulas, which bestow new life to skin, are still beloved today. Thayers natural remedies. Skincare ahead of its time. [music plays. ] the Battle For Jerusalem has begun. The egyptian President Nasser is now in command of the Jordanian Army and has given orders to shell west jerusalem. Moshe dayan looks to retaliate. He sets his sights on one of the most strategic locations in the city, Ammunition Hill. Ammunition hill is a big hill overlooking jerusalem. The problem with taking Ammunition Hill is that the jordanians know that this is an important strategic place as well. And so theyre going to defend it, and it is already heavily armed. The paratroopers were considered to be the best soldiers in the israeli military. When you tell them to go to fight, they dont ask questions. They go to fight. It became a legendary fight for the israelis. About 35 to 40 israeli soldiers were killed in this fight. About 70 jordanian soldiers. The paratroopers were told to occupy this stronghold, and it was a clear victory. Once Ammunition Hill is under israeli control, the Israeli Army brings their fight deeper into jerusalem. But its the palestinian arabs that are left vulnerable. They see, contrary to what they were hearing on the radio at the time, you know, we will defeat the israeli presence. And then all of a sudden, its completely the entire opposite. People start getting frantic, and again another wave of refugees started marching towards jordan. By the morning of june 6th, the rest of the world finally wakes up to whats happening in the holy city. The u. S. , the u. N. , European Powers all had to find some way to lower the temperature and prevent the conflict from getting worse. A special session of a Security Council called to discuss the mideast crisis, secretary urges a cooling off period. The u. S. Supports the idea. Russia does not. Soviet ambassador gives solid support to the united arab republic, accusing the u. S. Of playing partisan politics and of backing israel. The united states becomes much more interested in the Middle East around the mid1940s to secure oil access. But with World War ii and the ascendance of communism, you have a Cold War in the Middle East emerge, and you see the united states playing a much more pivotal role. For those of you who didnt really grow up in the Cold War, its hard to think of a time where a war in the Middle East could have led to nuclear annihilation. But at that time in 1967, the two great superpowers, the u. S. And the soviet union, would use these regional struggles to advance their position. So the Cold War played a very important role in defining the alliances in the Middle East. It gave israel a chance to present itself as a friendly ally of the united states of america. It made it clear to nasser that his closeness with the soviet union was seen as an invitation for the soviet union to have Influence And Presence in the Middle East. So the united states started giving israel tremendous powers both in terms of financial support, but more importantly, through weapons. And the soviet union didnt want to have a situation where the Israeli Army was making, like, these really serious gains into arab territory. There was always a fear that you werent able to actually get the various parties to stop fighting, that there could be this ladder of escalation, and No One knew exactly when it would end. We believe that within the next few fateful days, we can take a new road forward leading to justice and peace. Dayan realizes that if the u. N. Does what the u. N. Typically does, it is going to begin negotiations for a ceasefire. And so dayan figures he needs to do anything that hes going to do as quickly as he can, before any final resolution is passed. It was clear to him that jerusalem is the jewel in the crown, and he knew that hes going to enter into the annals of history if he could occupy the old city, to return to the Wailing Wall, the most sacred place for jews. So dayan gives his soldiers the order. Attack the old city of jerusalem. The virtues of Facial Toner . Dr. Henry thayers alcoholfree Witch Hazel remedies impart a bevy of benefits. One gentle gesture visibly improves texture, Tone And Pore size. Thayers natural remedies. Skincare ahead of its time. I was drowning in student loan debt. I was in the process of deferring them, paying them. Then i discovered sofi. Completely changed my life. Lower interest rate. My principal is going down. Sofi is a place where you can start to tackle those money goals today. Compared to where i was three years ago, im kinda killing it. Payday, payday monday, payday tuesday, payday wednesday, payday thursday, payday friday, payday saturday, payday sunday, Payday Payday, Payday Payday i brought in ensure max protein, with thirty grams of protein. Those who tried me felt more energy in just two weeks [sighs wearily] here, ill take that woohoo ensure max protein. With thirty grams of protein, one gram of sugar, and now with two new flavors [music plays. ] following Moshe Dayans orders, israeli soldiers prepare to attack jerusalems old City And Battle the jordanians for control of jerusalems holiest site. The israeli troops set up outside the lyons gate. Theyre expecting this to be one of the fiercest battles of their lives. The Lions Gate is one of the seven open gates of jerusalems old city. And leads to the most sacred site for the jewish people the temple mount. You know, it was battle. In a battle, what you want is to kill your enemy and save your life. And the israeli soldiers moved very quickly into the city through the lion gate. Intense fighting consumes the narrow streets of jerusalems old city. The jordanian forces are quickly overwhelmed. The israeli soldiers suddenly found themselves near the temple mount. And so dayan is just outside the old city, and hes got a radio, and finally he gets word back. They understood that they occupied the old city of jerusalem. At 2 00 in the afternoon, Dayan Goes On Camera and says, the jewish people have returned to our most sacred sites, never to take leave of them again. Soldiers who are not religious, who went directly to the Western Wall to pray. There was a lot of feeling, a lot of emotion. We grew up on stories about King David and jerusalem and the temple and the Wailing Wall. But these were only stories. And suddenly, you are there. It was like an electrical shock passing through the nation when they said that the Wailing Wall is ours again after 1,800 years. With victory all but certain, israel spends the next three days ensuring control of the region. They consolidate their hold on the West Bank and soon occupy the entire Sinai Peninsula in the south. Finally on the northern front, Israel Battles Syria for control of the Golan Heights. And within 48 hours, the syrian Golan Heights were occupied by the Israeli Army. And this is when the arab defeat was complete. Egypt accepts the u. N. Ceasefire, joining jordan. The united nations remains in the Word Spotlight because of the many questions raised by the short but decisive Middle East war. As a palestinian, its amazing how sad it is for me but how probably happy israeli people were at that time. Suddenly, this small army defeats three major Arab States in six days. This was considered one of the most brilliant victories in military history. The israeli victory affects far more than just the Middle East. It sends Shock Waves across the world. The main problem was for the soviets because the ussr was a protector of egypt and of syria, and it was a devastating defeat. On the other side, america celebrates israels stunning victory, solidifying a relationship that continues today. Later, Moshe Dayan became a minister of foreign affairs, and hes remembered as a brilliant military leader. But the picture of Moshe Dayan standing in front of the Wailing Wall is what cemented Moshe Dayans legacy in israeli psychology. For King Hussein, the 67 war was a disaster. It was a total disaster. King hussein presented himself as the protector of jerusalem, but he lost the holy city, and he also lost the West Bank. So both politically and religiously, he became derided. Despite losing the war, King Hussein remains in power. He rules jordan for 47 years until his death in 1999. The loss of 1967 also shattered the image of nasser in the Arab World. Nasser sees for king of jordan is very angry, and the egyptians who were in Gaza Lost gaza. He offered to resign in a tearful speech to the arab masses. By 1979, he would die of a heart attack. That crumbles the dream, this idea that you could unify this different peoples, armies and countries together and get them to have a common vision and a shared sense of destiny. After 67, you have to acknowledge that this is a divided region and they were never able to regain that sense of purpose again. We loved him, but the lost of egypt that was for him a mistake, but for me, it cost me my freedom. It destroyed our dreams. We lost completely. We were the palestinians, they were the ones that suffered the most, they were the casualty of a very brutal war that made them stateless and driven into Poverty And Uncertainty until this day. Ok everyone, our mission is to provide complete, balanced nutrition for strength and energy. Whoo hoo ensure, with 27 vitamins and minerals, now introducing ensure complete with 30 grams of protein. Door Closes Door Closes excited Laughter Ahhh Ohhhh Fridge Closing Crowd Noises cheering laughter payday, payday monday, payday tuesday, payday wednesday, payday thursday, payday friday, payday saturday, payday sunday, Payday Payday, Payday Payday introducing xfinity rewards. Our very own way of thanking you just for being with us. Enjoy rewards like Movie Night specials. Xfinity mobile benefits. And exclusive experiences, like the chance to win tickets to see watch what happens live. Hey its me. The longer youve been with us. The more rewards you can get. Like sharpening your Cooking Skills with a top chef. Join for free on the Xfinity App and watch all the rewards float in. Our thanks. Your rewards. Israel has emerged victorious and claimed jerusalems old city, and it has led to a humanitarian crisis as hundreds of thousands of arabs are displaced or forced to live under occupation. From the beginning there were a handful of people in israel, particularly in jerusalem who said give it all back. This is not something we need, we dont want to be occupiers, and nobody listened to them. When they first took over the old city, they literally brought bulldozers in that night and over 1,000 arabs had their Homes D destroyed to build a plaza where people now come to pray, and nobody knew. I saw the agony and the transformation of my fathers face. He became somebody else. My mother became somebody else. It has been very, very heavy on me, on my shoulders. Its that sense of just complete disempowerment. Thats the heavy burden palestinians carry, and its 48, its 67, its today. Its happening today in east jerusalem. This story has not ended. The whole palestine continues to be eaten up like a cancerous disease, delighting, erasing, demallishing, and the world is silent again. I will tell you the course On Palestine has shifted. Students from all different backgrounds are embracing the palestinian cause. In many ways it links into the black lives matter movement, too, to make it clear that somebody should not be peuicked over the other because they were not randomly born. Hopefully we will inbound a Place Side by side where we can visit jerusalem together. At the end of the day, its not my god is better than your god, but its about how are we treating each other on the ground . Jerusalem was supposed to be the city of peace and of cooperation between all nations all over the world. This was supposed to be the basic idea of jerusalem. But there is an enormous gap between reality and division. All great cities have passed. Very few have passed to figure so centrally in the narratives of the peoples in this region. How can you understand Israel Or Judaism without an understanding, and how can you understand muslim sensitivities without understanding. Everybody had the presence, everybody had a claim. King david was there. King harrod was there, and arabs were there, and romans were there, and its equivalent to a magical place, a place that is more alive in your head, more alive in your identity. Jerusalem in the 21st century is still as it always was the center of the world. Jerusalem would always be the holy city, the house of one god. The capital of two peoples and the temple of three faiths. Hi, everybody, thank you for joining me. I am robyn curnow. Coming up, we will talk about the u. S. Troop presence in afghanistan, and cnn is learning about a change of policy at the airport that could impact many afghans trying to get out. We are live in doha with the details of that. And protests in australia, and were live in sidney with the details on that