seceded states are now free. >> confederates respond saying, okay, fine, if we see black men carrying weapons against us, we will consider that as a symbol of the north's complicit in slave rebellion. >> at that moment, the war becomes a war to abolish slavery. >> there occurs the greatest battle of the war at gettysburg on july 1st, 2nd and 3rd, 1863. >> pennsylvania is as far north as the confederate army has ever gotten. if the union lost here, it cleared the way for lee to continue marching into new york. they could cut off the northern states and new england from the mississippi river, which would have been a huge disaster. >> the stakes were extremely high. >> a first-day attack by the confederate army sends the union army fleeing through town and up into the heights. and then robert e. lee leads a massive charge across an open field. pickets charge. the union artillery raining down on the confederate side. so it was really a slaughterhouse. >> three days of fighting, three days of horrific casualties in what becomes the largest battle ever fought in the western hemisphere. >> you could not walk from one end of the battlefield to the other without stepping on corpses. >> 50,000 casualties. at the end, lee has to admit defeat. >> the union held the day. it was momentous. it was decisive. but what it wasn't is war-ending. >> when lincoln signs the emancipation proclamation, he frees slaves in confederate territory and invites them to join the union army. but despite the influx of black soldiers, cities continue to burn, men continue to die, and the war continues to rage on. by the end of 1863, there are more than 600,000 american casualties on both sides. >> this was the destruction of people on a larger scale, in greater numbers than in any other war in american culture. there was nothing that had compared to this. and soldiers told really graphic accounts about the cities and houses on fire. some of the illustrations were really gory. >> bloated bodies, dead horses piled up in rows. pe >> people are flooding the streets, and there's crying, and people are screaming. >> amputees everywhere. >> they write that the stench is overwhelming. whether it's the dead who pile up, the lack of bathing opportunities, and don't forget, diarrhea is the leading cause of death at one point. people don't understand that you can't use a latrine upstream and drink downstream. the soldiers do not write about the romance of a cavalier war. it's the horrid, brutal reality of ugly death. >> as commander in chief, lincoln offers comfort and levity to keep up morale. >> there's this moment where right after some terrible news from the front comes in, lincoln brings out a book of funny stuff to read to his cabinet. and he says, gentlemen, why don't you laugh? with all the strain that is upon me, if i did not laugh, i would die. his detractors at the time says thousands and thousands of people died, and he's making jokes? >> there are cartoons of the figure of columbia looking at lincoln and saying, where are my thousands of sons killed in battle? and lincoln, an a-like figure, sited contorted in a chair and says, this reminds me of a little joke. it was a way of saying he doesn't care. he's insensitive. >> but i think they were being unfair with everything that he was going through. if he didn't have humor, he would literally probably have cracked up. >> lincoln became the consoler in chief of the united states. >> lincoln would go off on his own. he would personally write letters to the widows. he took it really seriously. >> he wrote a letter to the daughter of a politician whom he had known in illinois, fannie mccullough. >> the memory of your dear father, instead of an agony, will yet be a sad, sweet feeling in your heart of a purer and holier sort than you have known before. >> he writes another letter to lydia bixby of boston, whom lincoln heard had lost five sons. >> i pray that our heavenly father may assuage the anguish of your bereavement and leave you only the cherished memory of the loved and lost and the solemn pride that must be yours to have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar of freedom. >> like all truly remarkable people, he was a summary of his contradictions. on the one hand, he has this enormous capacity for compassion. on the other, he was incredibly brutal, cold, even callous way of thinking about war making. >> he was not at all skittish about authorizing ever increasingly lethal weapons. lincoln was kind of a one-man research and development branch of the army. >> he started the development of gatling guns. he developed the 19th century equivalent of napalm. >> the civil war begins as a kind of traditional, gentlemanly fight. but then all of a sudden you have mass armies equipped with the weapons of the industrial revolution. >> the advance of killing technologies combined with the non-advance of military tactics, commanders were still doing masked charges. that combination is what created the vast number of casualties. >> and nowhere was this deadly combination more apparent than in the battle of gettysburg, which resulted in 51,000 casualties in three days. four months after the massacre, lincoln delivers the gettysburg address, where he dedicates a national cemetery on the hallowed ground where so many lost their lives. the country looks to the president for answers and leadership in the face of tragedy and uncertainty. >> in fall of 1863, the nation at that time really at a horrid point. the costs have been astronomical, and people need to know why. >> four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. >> him saying that the united states is rooted in this argument that all men are created equal, and the unfinished work that needs to be done is to try to continue to realize that vision of the united states. >> he basically conveys this idea that all of these men have died for the union, and so we need to make sure that it is worth it, that the union endures, that the country endures. >> 272 words. lincoln had just spoken for 2 1/2 minutes. >> it's the ultimate mic drop. >> this very short, perfect piece of writing. >> it was widely regarded as a masterpiece. >> within a year it was being an thol apologized in school textbooks and we have been living with it as one of our great american texts ever since. >> the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. the world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. >> and one of the things that makes lincoln a remarkable leader is lincoln finds the simplest resonant language with which to define what was at stake. >> right now, between the time when you wake up and get your first cup of coffee, you've been hit with 900 opinions on twitter or on cable news. and we're very fortunate when we needed it most, we had somebody who had the ability to make this horrible war somehow worthy. >> that may be more than anything else is part of the living legacy of lincoln. lincoln as the man who found a way to make democracy safe. >> we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vein, that this nation under god shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. >> announcer: this cnn original series, "lincoln: divided we stand," is brought to you by fidelity investments. what you'll need, and help you build a flexible plan for cash flow that lasts, even when you're not working, so you can go from saving... to living. ♪ let's go ♪ so you can go from saving... to living. 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[szasz] we take care of ourselves constantly; it's important. we walk three to five times a week, a couple miles at a time. - we've both been taking prevagen for a little more than 11 years now. after about 30 days of taking it, we noticed clarity that we didn't notice before. - it's still helping me. i still notice a difference. prevagen. healthier brain. better life. it's amazing. new revitalift night serum with pure retinol our most potent retinol. in a clinical test, 100% of women showed reduction of wrinkles, even deep ones. new revitalift night serum with pure retinol from l'oréal paris. introducing michelob ultra organic seltzer it's made with real fruit juice is six times filtered no added sugar no artificial aftertaste and is usda certified organic it's a cut above new mango apricot michelob ultra organic seltzer as real as it tastes for 175 years, new york life has been helping people act on their love. so they can look back and say, "we did good." lincoln had dealt with passive and insubordinate generals throughout the war. but in the summer of 1863, he is determined to change his strategy. he puts his faith in western general ulysses s. grant, who comes up with a risky plan to seize control of the mississippi river. >> grant undertakes a brilliant, dangerous move that is taking his army across the mississippi river, marching it down south, attacking vicksburg, mississippi, directly and then capturing it. >> once the union army captures vicksburg, that whole stretch of plantation land now from memphis all waitthe way down to new orl, that's hundreds of thousands of slaves that were recruited into the army. >> after vicksburg, grant becomes a national hero. so in april 1864, lincoln calls grant to washington and hosts him at a white house reception, which is so crowded with grant's admirers, that the little general has to be hoisted onto a sofa to stand next to lincoln so he can be seen in the crowd. >> and lincoln says grant has achieved the biggest, greatest military event in history, and he is now my man. >> and offers grant full command of all union forces east and west. unlike mead, who waited. unlike mcclellan, who left the peninsula. he moves forward, churning battle after battle. and lincoln loves it, says keep your bulldog grip and chew and choke until you win. >> grant had some magnificent victories, but still the south had major victories, especially in the whole area of virginia and the border states. and the war was just dragging on. >> as the war rages into 1864, lives continue to be lost at an unprecedented rate. the war has taken a severe toll, and lincoln knows if he cannot end the fighting by november, he has no chance for re-election. >> the emancipation proclamation doesn't do anything to foreshorten the war, and neither do the victories at gettysburg and vicksburg. if anything, it looks as if despite enlisting black troops, the war is going the wrong way. and so before the election of 1864, lincoln is less popular than ever. >> there's always a misconception that america's heroes were always seen as heroic, that they were always loved. not true. there was a dump lincoln movement heading into his re-election. >> there were a lot of northerners who really thought he was a terrible president. >> there are those who condemn lincoln as a tyrant, as a king. >> because he used executive power unlike any other president before him. he imprisoned people. >> and the lincoln administration cracked down on newspapers, arresting editors, closing down newspaper offices because they began urging soldiers not to re-enlist. so freedom of speech, freedom of the press is abrogated on lincoln's watch. >> members of his own party want to not renominate him, and so now three years into the war, if lincoln is not re-elected, what has been the point of the hundreds of thousands who have been lost? what has been the point of this struggle? >> while president lincoln toils for ways to secure his legacy and ensure the country's struggles have not been for naught, mary lincoln is also frantic about the prospect of leaving the white house. >> she actually wrote to friends and said, i'm quite desperate. and her desperation was not over having to leave the white house but having to reveal to her husband the excessive bills that she had acquired. mary had become very, very grief-stricken after willy's death, and she was really being neglected. she and lincoln were having the most difficult of communications. she saw him growing closer and closer to his young male secretaries. she felt out of the circle. it really led to mary's erratic behavior. >> mary assuages her grief with shopping binges. but with her husband absorbed in the war, the accumulating debt goes unnoticed. by the summer of 1864, she owes today's equivalent of nearly half a million dollars. >> if lincoln is defeated for re-election, these bills will suddenly be presented, and she's terrified. she explains to her dressmaker and good friend, elizabeth keckley, it's important for me to dress properly because the public pays attention to what i wear, and it's important for us to be respected. and she breaks down in tears, and so her dressmaker says, well, don't you think your husband should know about these bills? oh, no, no. he would be mortified if he knew that i had misbehaved this way. so it was high stakes for her. >> with limited options, mary decides to monetize the only assets she has -- information and influence. >> she was engaged in something akin to extortion against members of her husband's administration, who had bribed her in order to receive political appointment at her recommendation. for example, one fellow wanted to have a very lucrative position in the new york custom house. so this one fellow, isaac henderson, sends a diamond broach to give to a jeweler and says give this to mrs. lincoln if she can persuade her husband to name me a high-ranking official. so mrs. lincoln goes to the president and says, dear, won't you promote isaac henderson to this position? so henderson does get appointed. and then henderson turns out to be a crook. she was constantly going to bat for sketchy people who had bribed her and given her presents. so now she told them that they owed her something. and then she padded payrolls, falsified bills. she sold the milk from the white house cow. she engaged in all kinds of financial misdeeds. >> i also think that she really is charged with many crimes that are a misunderstanding of the context of the period. but as a matter of fact, no one worked harder for lincoln's re-election than mary lincoln. >> while mary entertains the press, lincoln continues to focus on the war. if the union cannot turn the tide, it is certain that the president will not win re-election. instant eraser from maybelline new york. our concealer does it all. in a click... conceal. contour. correct. easy to blend. instant eraser. only from maybelline new york. we're all born with 2.5 billion heartbeats, that makes you a billionaire. ♪ so let's not waste the fortune within us... invest in the people you love. this is the planning effect. invest your heartbeats in the life artois. if you ask suzie about the future, she'll say she's got goals. and since she's got goals, she might need help reaching them, and so she'll get some help from fidelity, and at fidelity, someone will help her create a plan for all her goals, which means suzie will be feeling so good about that plan, she can just enjoy right now. that's the planning effect, from fidelity. despite the emancipation proclamation, as the 1864 presidential election approaches, the future of slavery remains uncertain. lincoln is under immense pressure from radical abolitionists and modern unionists to come up with a permanent solution to the issue that is still tearing the country apart. >> in 1864, annie davis, an enslaved woman, sends a letter to the president of the united states and simply says, am i free or not? and here was the challenge. she's writing this letter from the eastern shore of maryland, one of the border states to which the emancipation proclamation does not apply. >> you have about 800,000 people who are not touched by the proclamation. >> emancipation is not abolition. lincoln freed a lot of slaves, but the laws establishing slavery are still on the books. >> the emancipation proclamation only lasted as long as the war because it was a fit and necessary war measure. technically speaking, once the war was over, it no longer applied. but it was clear that you couldn't re-impose slavery. >> once the war is over, what will happen?impose slavery. >> once the war is over, what will happen? >> various solutions had been proposed, including gradual emancipation, compensation for slave owners, and colonization initiatives. but many northerners pushed for a return to the pre-war status quo. >> a lot of people blamed the emancipation proclamation for prolonging the war. some republicans came to lincoln and said, you are going to lose re-election here. why don't you issue a statement saying, if the south is willing to give up and come back, we'll forget about the emancipation proclamation and accept reunion? >> lincoln knew he had to hold together a very shaky coalition of many, many people in the union who did not want him to act against slavery and who are tremendously anxious about the problem of race, as lincoln himself was. but he's increasingly facing pressure from the radical republicans and the abolitionists in his own party as well. >> lincoln was caught between radicals and reactionaries. reactionaries said he was moving too fast. but a lot of folks on the radical side thought he was too slow. >> the 13th amendment originated not with lincoln but with abolitionists. it was the women's national loyal league, headed by elizabeth stanton and susan b. anthony, that launched a giant campaign for a constitutional amendment ending slavery. >> in may 1863, the women's national loyal league gathered a staggering 400,000 signatures to bring about the immediate passage of an amendment that would abolish slavery in the u.s. forever. >> but lincoln was not very involved in the initial aspects of that campaign because lincoln was concerned that he was going to lose the election. >> by the summer of 1864, the 13th amendment has passed in the senate but not in the house. however, lincoln remains politically cautious and refuses to alienate the moderate base of his party by publicly supporting universal abolition. >> so as an alternative to get the republican nomination in 1864, the radical republicans put forward john c. fremont on a platform of constitutional amendment to abolish slavery. they wanted to push lincoln. >> eventually he recognizes that white northerners, that republican leaders in congress generally support this idea of a constitutional amendment to protect black freedom, and so lincoln comes to embrace the 13th amendment because he knows that it's going to be politically significant as he's facing a tough re-election campaign. >> and then lincoln, of course, is renominated. tremont doesn't get anywhere, and the republican platform now calls for a constitutional amendment ending slavery. >> it's a fundamental shift in how the issue of slavery is going to be resolved. >> lincoln wasn't the author of the abolition movement. he was the target of the abolition movement. >> our history in the united states has been dominated by history of great men who are thought to have changed history almost by themselves. but what actually happened is that lincoln, over time, was convinced by other people who were more radical than him. it was people to the left of lincoln who had the vision that most closely ascribes to what we think of as what rights should be today. and i don't say that to take lincoln down. i say that to try to accurately reflect how change really happens. >> we think about presidents as if they are weather-makers. but they don't create history. they surf history. these are not positions he rushes to. he's drug to them by events as he tries to surf the waves. and it shows that people can make a difference whether you're in office or not. >> now that lincoln is renominated, the republican party officially adopts universal abolition as its platform. after decades of moderate and conciliatory rhetoric on slavery, lincoln becomes a full-fledged abolitionist. >> once he goes all in in support of the 13th amendment, there is a commitment, and he gets bolder with time. going into the 1864 election, he grows into his political beliefs as an abolitionist. >> he had seen what black hen h -- men had done to help preserve the union. and lincoln understood that the nation owed a debt of gratitude to these men. he realized that you had to get rid of slavery if you were going to ensure that none of this happened again. >> the amendment fails to pass in the house, and its future hinges on the result of the upcoming election. running again lincoln on the democratic ticket is his adversary, former union general george b. mcclellan. >> george mcclellan was not necessarily immune to thoughts of having one slave country and one free country. he would have canceled the emancipation and seen if we could have restored what we call the status quo antebellum, america with slavery in the south permanently protected. >> after everything that happened, would lincoln like the decision to be made by someone else on the future of this country, on the future of slavery? no. >> ultimately lincoln's position on universal abolition is irrelevant. if he cannot turn the war around by november, he will lose the election and all hope for a united free nation will be lost. >> announcer: this cnn original series, "lincoln: divided we stand," is brought to you by consumer cellular, where low rates and award-winning service are just the beginning. we're all born with 2.5 billion heartbeats, that makes you a billionaire. ♪ so let's not waste the fortune within us... invest in the people you love. invefor 175 years,eats in new york lifeis. has been helping invest in people act you love. on their love. so they can look back and say, "we did good." it's amazing. new revitalift night serum with pure retinol our most potent retinol. in a clinical test, 100% of women showed reduction of wrinkles, even deep ones. new revitalift night serum with pure retinol from l'oréal paris. it all starts with an invitation... ...to experience lexus. the invitation to lexus sales event. get 0% apr financing on the 2021 rx 350. experience amazing at your lexus dealer. the new samsung galaxy s21. this looks different. - it is. - show me. just hit record! see that? you're filming in 8k. that's cinema quality. so... you can pull photos straight from video. impressive. but will it last the whole trip? you'll have battery all day. and then more. this is different. told you. ♪ ♪ during the summer before the 1864 election, the union army suffers devastating defeats, and nearly 65,000 union soldiers are lost in just these three months alone. lincoln is sure this crushes any hope of re-election. >> he thought out what would happen with his defeat, and he wrote a letter laying out how he would fight during the transition to win the war. he folded the letter up. he glued it, and he asked every cabinet secretary to sign on to the letter without knowing its content. >> but then by the fall of 1864, sheridan has many victories in the shenandoah valley. farragut is winning battles in mobile bay. sherman has captured atlanta. the tide has turned. >> despite the military wins, on the evening of the 1864 election, lincoln is fraught with worry. but as the numbers come in, state by state, it becomes clear that sherman's victory had secured the country's faith in lincoln's presidency. >> and so against the odds, against expectations by lincoln himself and members of his own cabinet, lincoln wins re-election. it is a triumph and victory. he wins with a greater margin than he'd won four years before. he has pulled off the enormous gamble of conducting an election during a civil war. >> now that his presidency is secured for the next four years, lincoln is determined to push the 13th amendment through the house before the end of the war. his advisers urge him to be patient and to wait for the new republican congress to be sworn in, but lincoln refuses. he gets to work securing the 112 votes needed to pass the amendment. >> he wants this done. >> lincoln knows that once the war has ended, there might not be enough political will to follow through with the end of slavery. >> so he is pulling every trick out of the book, every favor he can muster to get congress to pass this legislation quickly. >> lincoln uses a lot of influence to try to get votes, particularly from border state democrats, northern democrats, who had either been defeated for re-election or had decided not to run, lame ducks, because they wouldn't suffer any political retribution by voting for it even though they'd voted against it the last time around. >> it is a monumental effort of political persuasion. lincoln is not above twisting arms. >> he promised them offices. he promised their relatives offices. there are some people who say there was illegal bribery going on. >> and in january 1865, the amendment passed, and it had to be ratified, but the african-american population was thence forward and forever free. >> the 13th amendment passes in the house by a vote of 119-56. >> thaddeus stevens, the great radical republican, said this great act was passed by the lowest means possible by the most honest man in america. his role in the ratification of the 13th amendment shows a remarkable change over the course of lincoln's career. >> you could see that his thinking was changing. >> lincoln had experiences. this led him to see the world differently. lincoln was intelligent. he was pragmatic, and he did evolve, and it's not a criticism of him to say he evolved. it would be a criticism to say he was a man who never changed his mind, never learned anything. >> with a string of union victories and the passing of the 13th amendment, it is clear that the war is almost over and a free america is on the horizon. after a first term plagued with turmoil and tragedy, an exhausted lincoln is finally able to look toward rebirth and reconciliation. ♪ if your money is working toward the same goals, why keep it in different places? 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(doorbell) rock on. tonight i'll be eating lobster thermidor au gratin. really? sh-yeah, and monkeys might fly out of my butt. make it two calzones! it's amazing. new revitalift night serum with pure retinol our most potent retinol. in a clinical test, 100% of women showed reduction of wrinkles, even deep ones. new revitalift night serum with pure retinol from l'oréal paris. on saturday, march 4th, 1865, thousands of spectators braved the rain to stand at the foot of the newly completed capitol dome to hear the president deliver his second inaugural address. >> it's the first integrated crowd. it's the first time that black soldiers are intermingling with their families, in uniform, with white soldiers. it's been raining, and literally as he speaks, the clouds part and the sunlight shines down, and he gives what is acknowledged as the greatest inaugural speech of all time. >> both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish. and the war came. >> one of the most profound things about the second inaugural is lincoln's embrace of the idea of receiptry beautive justice. >> he talks about the suffering that america is undergoing as being the price we paid for slavery, north and south. >> he says all of us have been involved in this terrible crime of slavery, and this war is a judgment on the entire nation for its complicity. >> yet if god wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsmen's 250 years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash, shall be paid by another drawn with the sword. >> he balances the blood drawn by the sword, the terrible death in the civil war, with the blood drawn by the lash, the violence of slavery. he's telling people, don't forget violence didn't begin in 1861 in this country. violence began 250 years ago when the institution of slavery was created. the war represents the consequences of slavery for this nation. >> and then only in the last paragraph does he pivot towards this vision of reconciliation and reunification. >> with malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as god gives us to see the right, let us strive to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan to do all which may achieve a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. >> that last paragraph is one of the most important paragraphs in american politics today. it's secular scripture. it's political poetry. what lincoln is saying is, we have an obligation to stop the cycle of violence because there are a lot of folks in his own political party who are hellbent on vengeance against the south. they want to rip the roots of southern society out. lincoln wants to win the peace as well as win the war. that sets the stage for the next five weeks of his life. >> frederick douglass went off to the white house reception that followed the inauguration. and lincoln sees him, and he calls out for everyone to hear. "there is my friend, douglass. douglass, i am glad to see you." >> and lincoln welcomes him right in and goes, this is the person whose opinion i value more than anyone else. just think about what it means to have been enslaved and then to have the president of the united states welcome you in. that has to be a profound experience. and then lincoln says, "what did you think of the speech?" and frederick douglas says, "it was a sacred effort." frederick douglass wasn't just responding to the words. lincoln has condemned slavery morally before. but now when he says slavery was wrong, he's saying it having signed the emancipation proclamation and the 13th amendment, really committed in a new way. the speech without those other actions wouldn't have mattered. >> and that was the last time they encountered each other. >> this cnn original series, "lincoln: divided we stand," is brought to you by fidelity cologard. colon cancer screening made easy. table. i'm cologuard. i'm noninvasive and detect altered dna in your stool to find 92% of colon cancers even in early stages. tell me more. it's for people 45 plus at average risk for colon cancer, not high risk. false positive and negative results may occur. ask your prescriber or an online prescriber if cologuard is right for you. i'm on it. sounds like a plan. we're all born with 2.5 billion heartbeats, that makes you a billionaire. ♪ so let's not waste the fortune within us... invest in the people you love. invest your heartbeats in the life artois. tonight, i'll be eating the al pastor burrito from boca burritos right here in aurora. 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(naj) our fees are structured so we do better when you do better. at fisher investments we're clearly different. it all starts with an invitation... ...to experience lexus. the invitation to lexus sales event. lease the 2021 rx 350 for $429 a month for 36 month's, and we'll make you're first month's payment. experience amazing. oh, you think this is just a community center? and we'll make you're first month's payment. no. it's way more than that. cause when you hook our community up with the internet... boom! look at ariana, crushing virtual class. jamol, chasing that college dream. michael, doing something crazy. this is the place where we can show the world what we can do. comcast is partnering with 1000 community centers to create wifi-enabled lift zones, so students from low-income families can get the tools they need to be ready for anything. oh we're ready. ♪ ♪ after four years of devastating civil war ulysses s. grant cuts a crucial supply line to the confederate capital. general robert e. lee has no choice but to abandon richmond. >> richmond will fall on april 2nd of 1865. lee sends a letter that he's going to retreat, that they need to evacuate the city. confederates actually set their capital city on fire in an attempt to prevent the united states army taking hold of some of their key supplies. >> so lincoln decides he's going to go to richmond with his son tad on april 4th, on his son tad's 12th birthday. >> quite a birthday present. >> with his youngest son by his side, lincoln makes his way to the fallen enemy capitol. now smoldering and in ruins. >> they are basically unaccompanied. a trip that would never be okayed by the secret service today. and they begin to walk up into the city, which has been dedicated to his destruction and the destruction of the union for four years. the slave markets are burning on his right side as he holds tad's hand on his left. >> he's recognized right away. a very distinctive-looking man, obviously. the black community knows what his presence means. they are free. this is emancipation day. and they flood the streets. >> and they raced up to him, some knelt to him, praying, crying, tugging at his coat, and he said, "please do not kneel to me. you must kneel only to god and thank him for your freedom." and that was the day abraham lincoln saw for himself the impact of his presidency and the proclamation on real human beings. >> lincoln is given a captured confederate flag, and he gives it to his son tad as a birthday present to remind him, this is what we did by doing right . >> one week after robert e. lee's retreat, grant's battalion intercepts his army in appomattox courthouse in virginia. lee has no choice but to accept defeat. >> grant offers a very generous and magnanimous set of peace terms. the soldiers will be pardoned. >> grant says you have to surrender your weapons, but we'll allow all of your men to take their horses. we'll give you provisions. and then you just go home. >> radical republicans lost their minds. they thought we should confiscate their lands. we should confiscate their estates. we should take away their votes. we should make it so that the south never rises again. but lincoln had no stomach for retribution. he wanted to find the way to restore the union. >> after lee signed the final terms, he stood up and shook hands with all of the members of grant's general staff. when he came to colonel eli parker, who was a native american, and he was taken aback for a minute. he says in a kind of sullen way, "oh, i see, colonel, there's at least one real american in this room." and parker looks him right in the eye and says, "general lee, today we're all americans." >> word of lee laying down arms triggers a series of surrenders across the south. abraham lincoln is finally able to breathe a sigh of relief as the four-year-long war comes to a close. >> lincoln is exhilarated that he is going to have what he thought was all this time to work out the problem of reconstruction. as mary later relates, he turned to her and he said, "the war is over, and this day i am happy." >> but the glory of victory is brief. the violence of the civil war that took more than 800,000 american lives will claim one more. hello and welcome to all of our viewers here in the united states and all around the world. thanks for joining me. i'm robyn curnow. ahead on cnn this hour, defiance in myanmar. pro-democracy protesters push on despite a brutal government crackdown. sun, sand, but no social distancing. u.s. health experts call for caution as spring break crowds pack the beaches. plus, women win big at the grammys with beyonce and taylor swift leadin

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