good evening. we're live in southern israel, with news tonight from the defence minister, that his troops have now battled their way into gaza city, thought to be the stronghold of hamas. the fighting, which is street to street, is taking place just a few kilometres off in the darkness behind me. it's exactly a month since hamas killed 1,400 people, in coordinated attacks on southern israel, planned in gaza, and today, israelis attended vigils, lit candles and held a minute's silence in remembrance of those who died. like the scores of young people who lost their lives, slaughtered at a music festival near the border. and there have been special prayers for the 2112 israelis taken hostage, and still being held by hamas. israel hit back immediately after the attacks, with massive air strikes, that have reduced much of gaza to rubble. the hamas—controlled health authorities there say more than 10,000 palestinians have died, while the un has called the territory, "a graveyard for children". hamas is a group designated as a terrorist organisation by the uk. israel's bombing raids have intensified in recent days. in the city of khan younis, in southern gaza, dozens of palestinians, are reported to have been killed, and now the fighting is said to be, in the heart of gaza city. meanwhile, the world health organization, says the level of death and suffering in the war so far is hard to fathom. 0urfirst report tonight is from jeremy bowen. hamas released video of their men fighting on the streets of gaza. they know they can't win a pitched battle, so they're using hit and run tactics. that will intensify as israel's tanks and troops move deeper into gaza city. after an israeli strike in khan younis, southern gaza, they were digging for survivors. the town is in the area israel has told palestinians to go to stay safe. but nowhere�*s safe. israel says this is self—defence. palestinians call it genocide. ahmed had 27 members of his family inside the house when it was hit. this is the bravery of the so—called israel. they show their might and power against civilians. babies inside, kids inside! it is the mighty vengeance promised by israel's prime minister when hamas attacked a month ago. in tel aviv, at the empty table set for the hostages in gaza, friends and families are mounting a 24—hour vigil. the national trauma israel suffered a month ago is not lessening. in fact, they're reassessing everything, notjust relations with the palestinians, but also with arab countries they thought they were getting closer to, and who are now condemning everything they're doing in gaza. and there's the issue of the safety ofjews in places around the world where the palestinians get a lot of support. so even though israel is more secure than a month ago — many more people are out and about — a real sense of threat, notjust from gaza, remains. israel insists that force, not negotiations, will bring the hostages back. shani louk�*s family hoped she was a hostage until she was confirmed dead a week ago. friends filled her family home with her portraits. she was at the music festival that was attacked. we got this horrible video that was shown all over. a friend of ours sent it to us and he said, "i recognise shani. "this is shani on the pick—up truck." this is where she was face down? yes, she was in a weird position, looks unconscious, blood on the head and the pick—up was driving inside the gaza strip and people were shouting and celebrating and spitting on her, and it was terrible, and we were just in shock. do you think israel's doing the right thing now? i don't know what in the end will be, because there are really many innocent civilians also there in gaza and they shouldn't suffer, but there needs to be something radical with the terrorists to be done, because if not, we will be back in this in the next few years. they will get the weapons again and they will train again. israel's pounding of gaza has not stopped. neither has its rage diminished. jeremy bowen, bbc news, in southern israel. as we've been reporting, israel claims to have reached the heart of gaza city tonight. let's speak to our correspondent, paul adams, who's injerusalem. this potentially is a significant moment in this conflict? we this potentially is a significant moment in this conflict? we can say that the battle — moment in this conflict? we can say that the battle for _ moment in this conflict? we can say that the battle for gaza _ moment in this conflict? we can say that the battle for gaza city - moment in this conflict? we can say that the battle for gaza city has - that the battle for gaza city has definitely begun. we have seen images in the last few days that show israeli military is all around the city, all the way down the coast, they have cut it off from the southern gaza strip, so their attention is focusing ever more closely on that very built—up area of gaza city and its nearby refugee camp and i think they will mount operations from their positions on the edge into gaza city to tackle what they regard as one of hamas's major strongholds but the problem is that in many of the targets they have in mind, many thousands of palestinian civilians are still clustered, and the israelis argue that hamas is using some of those civilians as human shields. we saw some people on the move today, thousands making their way south along the road towards relative safety, but many remain and that will be a problem. and then the question is, when the battle for gaza city is done, where do the israelis go then?— israelis go then? indeed. paul, thanks for— israelis go then? indeed. paul, thanks forjoining _ israelis go then? indeed. paul, thanks forjoining us. _ well, who are the israelis on the frontline trying to destroy hamas? i spent the day with one artillery unit near the border with gaza, as they await new orders to fight. it's a feature of war that soldiers spend a lot of time waiting around. it is 99% boredom, 1% sheer terror. shira, who turned 20 years old last saturday, is behind the wheel of a 30—tonne truck. there is a lull in her delivery of rockets to front—line israel defence force units, targeting gaza. so, what are your family's thoughts now that you're here? gaza is just two kilometres that way. they're very proud. they know that we are fighting for our country and this is our place. we don't have another place to go. that sentiment is at the heart of israel's response to what hamas did. the sense that the country needs to be saved. amir is a sergeant in this artillery unit. i'd never been to war. i'm 20 years old. i didn't really believe that i would go to war. is there an element of revenge involved? no, not revenge. i wouldn't say revenge. sure. if i wouldn't be there to stop them, it willjust continue. they'll go to my house. i live in the centre of israel and if i wouldn't be there to stop them, they'll come to my family. and so gaza is pounded, day after day. we watch as the territory burns and smoulders, a lone flare possibly helping to direct air strikes. no—one in the artillery unit wanted to talk on the record about the civilians who are dying beyond the horizon over there in gaza. but one man did say that innocent people would lose their lives because of the way hamas is fighting this war. the israeli military released this video of their troops on the ground in gaza, discovering what they say is a hamas rocket launching site in a boy scouts hall. but so many are dying in gaza who have nothing to do with the hamas attacks one month ago. back at the artillery unit, gidalia from jerusalem expresses the hope of all israelis, that this battle will be the last battle for a country surrounded by enemies. it's a constant state of war, here. we never really feel 100% safe. and i hope it'll change. and tonight, israeli artillery flares light up possible targets in gaza. it looks like it is coming this way. then... explosion a few minutes later... get down, get down. a rocket fired from gaza, heading towards us. the flash, an israeli air defence missile destroying the rocket. gunfire and later, small arms fire rings out, as israeli troops head for the hamas stronghold of gaza city. the thud of artillery going out towards gaza has been constant throughout the last few minutes, and one loud explosion we heard just a few seconds ago. dozens of people have been reported killed in the most recent airstrikes in southern gaza. three quarters of gazans are now living in the south after many were asked to leave the north by the israeli military. 0ur correspondent yogita limaye injerusalem has been working with freelance journalists in gaza filming for the bbc, to tell their stories and you may find her report distressing. gaza's southern edge, a so—called safer area. not safe today, from the scores of bombs dropped every day. "there is someone alive in there," a man shouts. the air smells of smoke, of dust and blood. so many of the dead and injured are children. 12—year—old yazan was in his home when it was hit. "you're a man, you're strong", a doctor tries to reassure him. "i want to see my mother", he replies. another child, a girl, is brought in by a rescuer. severely injured, she is separated from her family. outside, a woman looking for her child. "0ur neighbour's house was bombed and my daughter was in it. "even our house was destroyed. there's nothing left," says rana. 0ur cameraman showed her this video. rana identified her seven—year—old girl, bira. she was moved from this hospital. we don't know if they found each other. hundreds of thousands fled the north after warnings from israel. many families walking for miles, crowding into the south. a school provides fragile shelter. just three litres of water for each person for all needs per day, the un says. israel denies there is a humanitarian crisis. it's hard enough to live here under the constant sound and threat of bombardment. sabrine is the new mother of a seven—day—old child. there has been no bread for her to eat for five days. she can't breast—feed her son. translation: | gave birth - during the war, in circumstances only god knows about. what has this one—week—old child done to be starved of milk? how is he to be blamed for being born in this situation? he is falling sick because he isn't adequately fed. there is no way out for most people in gaza. and there is nowhere left to run. yogita limaye, bbc news, jerusalem. 0ver there in gaza as the bombing, we are hearing it all the time, as the bombing continues. that's it from us here in southern israel tonight, but there's more analysis on the situation here across the bbc. back to you in london, clive, many thanks to you and the team there. king charles has delivered his first king's speech to parliament, outlining the government's priorities for the year ahead. among the announcements, there was a focus on crime, with a toughening of sentences for those who commit the worst crimes — and more rights for victims. confirmation of a phased ban on smoking in england means people who are now aged 1a or younger will never legally buy a cigarette. and new licences will be awarded for oil and gas projects in the north sea. but the king warned of tough decisions ahead. 0ur political editor chris mason reports. hats and stockings, precedent and custom. a spectacle long before there were cameras to capture it, wherever they now hover. this, the fanciest fancy dress party you will ever see, illustrates something vital about how we're governed. the pageantry of monarchy, yes, but ultimately, the power of parliament. the commons speaker's outfit quite the assembly. are we ready? at every ritual, there are those performing their role for the first time. today, that was true of the prime minister and the king and the queen. the playlist at the state opening of parliament sounds and looks like this — fanfare and symbolism. the door to the commons slammed in the face of an official to underline its independence. close the door! and look closely if you're a good lip—reader. political adversaries share small talk as they walk to the house of lords to listen. the king began by reflecting on the loss of his mum, and then read out the government's plans, including inviting companies every year to apply to drill oil and gas under the north sea. this bill will support the future licensing of new oil and gas fields, helping the country to transition to net zero by 2050 without adding undue burdens on households. a central theme of today was crime. in england and wales, there'll be whole life sentences for the worst murders, rapists won't be released early, and reasonable force will be justified to try to make sure defendants turn up to hear their sentencing. my government will act to keep communities safe from crime, anti—social behaviour, terrorism and illegal migration. the government also wants to ban young people from smoking. the scottish and welsh governments agree, and there's support for it in northern ireland, too. my government will introduce legislation to create a smoke—free generation by restricting the sale of tobacco so that children currently aged 1a or younger can never be sold cigarettes. order! hours later, the roaring return of familiar politics, and a tussle over the rightful owner of a powerful word. and above all, this king's speech delivers change. change in our economy, change in our society, change in our communities. it takes long—term decisions for a brighterfuture. the labour leader claimed recent by—election wins show it is he who represents change. victories that have reduced the party opposite, now nearly 14 years in power, to the desperate spectacle of claiming it offers change away from itself. today's address shows just how ridiculous that posturing is. the debate over the king's speech isjust beginning, and will dominate the coming days here. what we so badly need to see is the powers over our economy, the powers over energy policy, the powers over employment law, transferred from this place to holyrood. when you speak to people on the street, you know what is worrying them. it is the cost of living crisis. it is the cost of inequality in the uk crisis but that wasn't what this government wanted to talk about. the arguments are on as the ornate outfits are taken off, the ceremonial sand swept, the king's horses and carriage now gone. for others, more modern transport home, and leaving those hats on for a few moments more. and so chris, where does this leave the government tonight? it felt today like a ceremonial punctuation mark in an autumn with familiar political sentences. we did not get any surprises today and to be fair to the government, they weren't promising any. there were 21 bills in total on a ride range of topics and there were some —— a wide range of topics and there were some topics and promises that are missing that are already causing some arguments, like the promise to ban so—called conversion therapy, to attempt to change someone's sexual orientation or gender identity wasn't there. the ban on so—called trophy hunting, the importing of trophy hunting, the importing of trophy hunting, the importing of trophy hunting, that isn't there, either. so the beginnings of some of the debate around all of that. as far as the policies that were in there, there were some dividing lines with labour, not least the plan for annual rounds of licenses for the exploration i've us and oil under the north sea. —— of gas and oil. labour has said that if they win the action they would stop that. then you look at the crime measures, potentially broad appeal there but i suspect with a particular focus on former conservative voters, either long—standing or more recent, who might be disillusioned with the party according to opinion polls. and then there is the big question for conservative mps and for politics alike. how much difference does all of this make? from the perspective of conservative mps, a concern that given there was not much in there that felt new or fresh or different or surprising, how much difference can it actually make to their prospects?— difference can it actually make to their prospects? thank you, chris mason. a murder investigation has been launched after a 15—year—old boy was stabbed near a school in leeds. a teenage boy has been arrested in connection with the incident, which happened this afternoon near a primary school in the horsforth area of the city. a former director of engineering at the technology company meta, whosejob once involved maintaining user safety on instagram, has told us lawmakers he believes the platform has failed to tackle the amount of sexual harrassment that teenagers are exposed to on the app. arturo bejar gave evidence this afternoon in washington, saying he knew it meant he wouldn't work in the tech industry again. our technology editor zoe kleinman reports. the hours spent scrolling, posting stylish photos and messaging mates, the friendly face of one of the world's most popular social media apps, instagram. if you would stand, please? today, one of the developers behind the app, arturo bejar, told us lawmakers he had raised concerns with the firm's top bosses about the amount of harassment and unwanted explicit content sent to young teens. alarm bells rang when he saw first—hand the experiences of his own daughter and her friends. it is unacceptable that a 13—year—old girl gets propositioned on social media. we don't tolerate unwanted sexual advances against children in any other public context. and they can similarly be prevented on facebook, instagram and other social media products. he claims that data about the amount of unwanted sexual and misogynistic content sent to 13—15—year—olds has been ignored by the tech giant. he showed me e—mails to meta founder mark zuckerberg, flagging his concerns. you have to tap and hold a message to report it. arturo bejar thinks there should be a simpler way to flag anything you get that makes you feel uncomfortable. meta says, "working with parents and experts, we have also introduced over 30 tools to support teams and theirfamilies in having safe, positive experiences online." one thing you can do right now is check your privacy settings. i would suggest that people constantly check the privacy, check your settings there, because that is always where there will be some information about how the information is shared, what content you want to see. but don'tjust do it once. keep doing it because these settings change. in the uk, the new 0nline safely act has tough penalties for firms which fail to protect children, and there are already lawsuits in the us about the impact of social media on teen mental health. meta says its work in this area is ongoing. zoe kleinman, bbc news. the euclid telescope, which is trying to unlock some of the biggest mysteries of the universe, has released its first images. the project run by the european space agency is aimed at helping astronomers understand phenomena called dark energy and dark matter — they make up most of the universe but we know almost nothing about them. 0ur science editor rebecca morelle explains. a stunning new view of the cosmos. the horsehead nebula — where stars are born. the spiralling arms of a hidden galaxy, usually obscured by the milky way. and this cluster of hundreds of thousands of stars. these are the first images from the euclid space telescope. we can see how good euclid is going to be at detecting distant galaxies, so it's really a huge breakthrough. we're really pleased just to see these images, but to see how beautiful they are as well, itjust adds the icing on the cake, really. the telescope, nearly a million miles from earth, is attempting to shed light on what's known as the dark universe, because everything we can see makes up a tiny fraction, just 5% of w