After 18 arduous months, ukraines conscripts and wounded wage a war with no end in sight. In our third film this week from the ukraine war, mark is on The Front Line in the east where the conflict seems to go on without end. Also tonight, amid the rwanda refugee row, could the uk really leave the European Convention on human rights that churchill helped to found . The Home SecretarySuella Braverman this week floated the idea, apparently with the approval of number 10 . Its extremely unlikely that the government is going to withdraw from the echr. If you look at the judgements of the Supreme Court and indded of the Supreme Court and indeed the court in strasbourg, they have said rwanda is legal in principle. The defeats the government has suffered are on technical grounds. We discuss this and the battle for the soul of the Conservative Party ahead of its conference. And sir michael gambon, bafta and Olivier Award winner, with roles from Professor Dumbledore to the singing detective, dies aged 82. We hearfrom his hogwarts colleague, professor sprout, miriam margolyes. Good evening. The new defence secretary grant shapps met ukraines Vlodomyr Zelenskey In Kyiv today, pledging to continue the uks support for ukraines fight against russia. But how long might that support be necessary . The reality is that the endgame in ukraine does not look close. The progress in kyiv� s Summer Offensive has been slow, as autumn arrives and winter looms. On the ground, kyiv� s foot soldiers, including thousands of conscripts, appearto be maintaining their motivation as they are redeployed to The Front Line trenches. There have been some spectacular strikes on Russian Military targets in occupied crimea, but the battle lines themselves are dug in, and seem unlikely to move significantly. This week on newsnight weve had a unique insight into the toll the conflict is taking on those at the front, and their families at home, through a series of films from our defence editor mark urban. Hejoins me now. Mark, what is kyiv expecting and wanting from britain now . We are getting to the end of fighting season in the coming weeks. And my word, you know, the New York Times did a feature today, 40,000 occupied square miles of ukraine, a net gain of 143 of those 40 thousand square miles to ukraine during fighting so far this year. A gain for russia of 331. They have not even got more than the russians have. A lot of thought what they need to get through the winter. Grant shapps referred to air defence, because it will default to a long range battle. The nato Secretary General there too thinking about how to get ukraine into the next campaigning season. Haw about how to get ukraine into the next campaigning season. How did you find morale on next campaigning season. How did you find morale on the next campaigning season. How did you find morale on the front next campaigning season. How did you find morale on The Front Line . Next campaigning season. How did you find morale on The Front Line . I find morale on The Front Line . 1 mean, remarkably find morale on The Front Line . I mean, remarkably determined under the circumstances. These guys have no idea when theyre going home and they have to dig deep, psychologically and quite literally as we found on The Front Line. Before they can go to the front, there are weeks of drills. We watched a mixture of new conscripts. And wounded who are being returned to combat, being put through their paces. This Training Ground near the polish border is a long way from the real fight, but its the nearest the 24th brigade has to a home town. Two years ago, the 24th had around 2,000 soldiers. Volunteers and conscripts have flowed in, forming new battalions and boosting the brigades strength to around 7,000. That more than trebling of numbers matches whats happened to the Ukrainian Army as a whole. And all the while casualties have had to be replaced, too. So thousands of troops have been fed through to the brigade. The Ukrainian Army has had to relearn the lesson, the bitter lesson of 20th century conflict, that war between states consumes lives on an enormous scale, and theyre having to train reinforcements continuously here to put them up to the front. We saw quite a few older men here, and in recent months theres been a debate in ukraine about those whove dodged the call up and whether willingness to fight is diminishing. But for the wounded we spoke to, theres still a determination to serve. Denis lost part of his hand in shelling, but, after months of treatment, he wants to get back to his mates in the brigade. I have a problem with middle fingers. Medicine tried to save this finger. Take bones from here. But it dont work. And its cut. But its ok. Its not my head, not my. Any organs. Vital organs . How long were you in hospital then . 0h, from february to the may. Four months three months. And do you have to go back to. Or do you want to go back . I want to go back. But this finger has very bad working, and when its make a little better, i go to the donbas. We headed east on one of ukraines unstoppable night trains. So the soldiers fight in the far east of ukraine near bakhmut and most of them live in the far west. And that means several hundred kilometers separate them from their loved ones. And getting back and forth obviously consumes a great deal of time on those rare occasions when they get leave. This area around these villages has been the scene of fighting since russia began its intervention in the donbas nine years ago. Jimmy commands a company thats about 100 soldiers its currently holding a section of The Front Line, and he offered to take us up to the trenches. While there has recently been some ukrainian progress not far away near bakhmut, The Front Line here has been stable for a long time. Wed be heading to trenches just a few hundred metres from russian lines. Some Airburst Shells landed not far away soon after we set off. They may have been aiming at ukrainian soldiers coming back from the trenches. But theyre so used to sporadic shelling, that they stopped to pick figs. And happily, the weather was on our side. So theyre moving with greater confidence down this road, although were a very short distance from the russians, because the wind is bad for drones and that will keep us relatively safer as we go forward. As we got closer to what they call the zero line, the path through minefields got narrower and narrower. We went as far as we could go to where theyve pushed the positions forward. Its a new one. Everything was burned. Jimmys survived multiple wounds, leading the men to think hes got a charmed life. He showed us to a place where we found soldiers busy trying to improve the protection offered by their trenches. The rain was falling, reminding everyone that autumn is coming. With the prospect of staying put here and the Summer Offensive having come and gone without delivering a decisive result. So the soldiers are resigned to staying here as the rain and cold come and their russian enemy stalks them. The men here have been conscripted or volunteered for the duration. They have no idea when theyll go home, which poses challenges for their commanders. And for those serving on, as with the brigades artillery batteries, theres the knowledge that many thousands have bribed their way out of being called up, something we found one of the older volunteers remarkably philosophical about. You obviously have a strong feeling about the need to serve. What do you think about those people who are maybe giving bribes and things to avoid it . Soldier singing this is an example of how theyre keeping spirits up a variety show brought to the soldiers in the field, complete with heaps of abuse for the invaders. There was a conjurer. And a mind reader too taking the mens minds of their daily reality for a couple of hours, at least. Top of the bill was singer daniela. Whose lyrics about a faithful lover awaiting their return transported the soldiers to a happier place. As the war stretches on month after month, with no obvious end in sight, the question of the soldiers psychological health, their ability to keep going, looms. And the army here makes every effort it can to try and bolster them at that level. But, when the performances were over, the buses pulled up, and the troops returned once again towards the battle. Out on The Front Line, jimmy took us back from his forward positions. Having walked up there, we were happy for a lift and no matter the state of the transport. The lines may not have changed much in this area during years of fighting, butjimmy reckons the invasion has helped them win another battle that for open ended support from the ukrainian public. At the end of these days with the brigade, weve learnt a story that reflects the wider Ukrainian Army story, which is of hard won lessons early on, of great losses, but also of great forbearance and determination, coming through with grit and determination in a conflict which, lets face it, few of these soldiers have any idea how it will end. The transformation of attitudes is a result of national mobilization, in which the 24th brigade simply mirrors whats happened in the wider army. If peace requires difficult compromises, it could be hard to sell to these soldiers. Mark urban, produced by louie harris white, Filmed Byjon Hughes and edited by richard oneill. The full bbc our world documentary life, loss and waiting in ukraine is now available to watch on demand on bbc iplayer. And now i am joined here in studio byjohn foreman, former uk Defence Attache in moscow and kyiv, and solomiia bobrovska, deputy head of ukrainian delegation to the nato parliamentary assembly, who is in kyiv. Thank you forjoining us. You may have heard there in marks report 24th brigade in eastern ukraine, 18, 19 months into world war ii like trench, are they reaching reasonable Liberal Democrats of their endurance . I Liberal Democrats of their endurance . Liberal democrats of their endurance . ,. , endurance . I would say that limits i would endurance . I would say that limits i would say endurance . I would say that limits i would say to endurance . I would say that limits i would say to be endurance . I would say that limits i would say to be in endurance . I would say that limits i would say to be in trenches alwayses, that means always faces the shell, so there was nothing new from the report, understanding that beside when russia increasing for example the production of the missiles, Cruise Missiles, they increasing production of the drones and they are using drones a lot, everyone much like the intensity of using drones is much higher, but thatis, using drones is much higher, but that is, that is like, to be in the trenches, in the 21st century is a very big challenge and the percentage of is viveing is very low and somehow we have to deal with that, and believe me, we are trying to find a solution of how to, with less resources, to be similar trick with response to, what russia is doing, and to be honest, russia is moving very fast, they are teaching fast, they are producing and increasing the production, very fast tempo, and i think that together with the partners we have to somehow, we have to deal with that, and to give a response. M0 . . . Somehow, we have to deal with that, and to give a response. And to give a response. Now you are and to give a response. Now you are a servin and to give a response. Now you are a Serving Reserve and to give a response. Now you are a Serving Reserve any and to give a response. Now you are a Serving Reserve any special a Serving Reserve any special operation, what is morale like on the ground . I operation, what is morale like on the ground . Operation, what is morale like on the ground . I am still, the morale is as my brothers the ground . I am still, the morale is as my brothers and the ground . I am still, the morale is as my Brothers And Sisters the ground . I am still, the morale is as my Brothers And Sisters told | is as my Brothers And Sisters told you in your report, are the same, we are exhausted but we are ready to fight to the end, do not understand one, what they face, will they get, to see families and i think that sooner or later, the Commander In Chief has somehow to say, that guys, you need somehow like to restart your fiscal and psychological, you know forces, but to be sure, not really, in civilians, we are not ready to see any start of negotiations with the russian federation, besides our, exhausting fieldings. Yes, winter is coming, but still two months before it, to fight. Coming, but still two months before it, to fi. Ht. , coming, but still two months before it, to fiuht. ,. , it, to fight. 0k, let us sort of drawback it, to fight. 0k, let us sort of drawback and it, to fight. 0k, let us sort of drawback and look it, to fight. 0k, let us sort of drawback and look at it, to fight. 0k, let us sort of drawback and look at the it, to fight. 0k, let us sort of. Drawback and look at the bigger picture, with your military expertisejohn. It is the end of summer, how have you assessed the progress in what was the Summer Offensive, the extraordinary attacks on The Black Sea. On The Black Sea. Thank you for havin on The Black Sea. Thank you for having me. On The Black Sea. Thank you for having me. You on The Black Sea. Thank you for having me, you have on The Black Sea. Thank you for having me, you have to on The Black Sea. Thank you for having me, you have to look. On The Black Sea. Thank you for having me, you have to look at| on The Black Sea. Thank you for. Having me, you have to look at the offensive having me, you have to look at the offensive as having me, you have to look at the offensive as one whole, navy, air, land, offensive as one whole, navy, air, land, information diplomacy, i think they have land, information diplomacy, i think they have had some success in some area, they have had some success in some area, the they have had some success in some area, The Black Sea and the strikes against area, The Black Sea and the strikes against crimea, i think progress on the land against crimea, i think progress on the land has been less than ukraine would the land has been less than ukraine would have the land has been less than ukraine would have wished for, if you judge the ukrainian offensive against the ontive the ukrainian offensive against the ontive they set themselves they are not where ontive they set themselves they are not where they wanted to be, so you are now not where they wanted to be, so you are now seeing probably a slowing down are now seeing probably a slowing down of are now seeing probably a slowing down of the of phenomenon receive as they come down of the of phenomenon receive as they come towards the winter, originally they come towards the winter, originally i think they would have wished originally i think they would have wished to originally i think they would have wished to be closer to the sea and providing wished to be closer to the sea and providing dilemmas to the russian, what the providing dilemmas to the russian, what the russian, what do you want to talk what the russian, what do you want to talk about . But unfortunately as mark pointed out, the advance has been mark pointed out, the advance has been less. Mark pointed out, the advance has been less, therefore the ukrainians will have been less, therefore the ukrainians will have to been less, therefore the ukrainians will have to use other weapons to create will have to use other weapons to create dilemmas for rush. I will have to use other weapons to create dilemmas for rush. Create dilemmas for rush. I have heard from create dilemmas for rush. I have heard from g7 create dilemmas for rush. I have heard from g7 leaders create dilemmas for rush. I have heard from g7 leaders at create dilemmas for rush. I have heard from g7 leaders at each i create dilemmas for rush. I have heard from g7 leaders at each stage they want to arm ukraine, they want them to win but that support is caveated, there is a limit, they dont want them in to win too quickly, too much, so, so much so, as to provoke moscow into something drastic, but that seems to have changed, those red lines seem to have moved. The changed, those red lines seem to have moved changed, those red lines seem to have moved. , 1k. , have moved. The last 18 months when it not to a have moved. The last 18 months when it got to a russian have moved. The last 18 months when it got to a russian red have moved. The last 18 months when it got to a russian red line, have moved. The last 18 months when it got to a russian red line, they it got to a russian red line, they have it got to a russian red line, they have gone it got to a russia