The most supply of tinfoil in the most supply of tinfoil in the world. Most famously cern is home to the largest was my biggest machine built to examine the universes smallest particles. It splashes them together at almost the speed of light. The last time i was here, it made me cry. Cern let us do science here, it made me cry. Cern let us do science but here, it made me cry. Cern let us do science but no here, it made me cry. Cern let us do science but no individual| us do science but no individual country can do by itself. We can build fantastic machines, big, Complex Projects Whether Outcomes together to do it. The thing about outcomes together to do it. The thing about this place is the study dont like stuff that goes on here is highly theoretical and experimental and it kinda feels really abstract. Not really relevant to our everyday lives. But plenty of stuff thats been developed she has filtered down to the real world. The high energy Beams Whizzing around cern are created by Particle Accelerators. Big ones. There are many smaller ones. There are many smaller ones around the world and some of those are in hospitals. They are being used to treat something that will affect a great many of us during our lifetimes. Cancer. This is the largest cairns hospital in europe, one of two places in the uk were Cancer Patients come to be treated with proton beam therapy, a special form of radiotherapy which normally uses radiation, high x rays, to try to kill tumours in the body. But the christie has a Particle Accelerator and that means they can fire beams of protons cancer. Means they can fire beams of protons cancer. When Radiation Noes protons cancer. When Radiation Aoes into protons cancer. When Radiation Goes into a protons cancer. When Radiation Goes into a patient, protons cancer. When Radiation Goes into a patient, obviously i goes into a patient, obviously want to use it to kill the dumas but it goes through normal healthy tissue that gives rise to the side effects. Protons being particles slow down as they enter the tissue and they stopped within the tumour and dont go any further. Tumour and dont go any further tumour and dont go any further. ,. , further. That means that this form of radiotherapy further. That means that this form of radiotherapy can further. That means that this form of radiotherapy can be l form of radiotherapy can be used in really tricky parts of the body. Used in really tricky parts of the body the body. For example, something the body. For example, Something Like the body. For example, Something Like the the body. For example, Something Like the brainstem which we know is very sensitive to radiation, so it is very much putting the been precisely to the tumour are not going into the sensitive organ. Gilii into the sensitive organ. All es of into the sensitive organ. All types of Cancer Treatment risk harming healthy tissue near to the tumour. Research is ongoing around the world to try to minimise this collateral damage. There is been at least one recent, rather strange finding. Its to do with how quickly and how hard you deliver the dose of radiation. And it is called the flash aah effect. ,. , and it is called the flash aah effect, effect. So you deliver the radiation effect. So you deliver the radiation in effect. So you deliver the radiation in a effect. So you deliver the radiation in a very effect. So you deliver the radiation in a very tense l effect. So you deliver the| radiation in a very tense a Burst Radiation in a very tense a Burst Of Radiation in a very tense a burst of the tumour. It goes on for milliseconds. For a physicist, this should not make a difference but it seems like you deliver radiation, the tunwur you deliver radiation, the tumour gets damaged, the healthy tumour gets damaged, the healthy tissue does not get damaged and of course it could be game damaged and of course it could be Game Changing because you could be Game Changing because you could forget everything about damaging to surrounding tissues. It is as if the particles know this is a healthy cell, this is a cancer ceii~ healthy cell, this is a cancer cell. ~. ,. ,. Cell. We have got recent results. Cell. We have got recent results, not cell. We have got recent results, not published. Cell. We have got recent i results, not published yet, that seem to indicate that we do spare the normal tissue and we might do even more damage to the tumour so it might be even better than people say it is. Flash is tremendously exciting and i think it is a bit watch this space. And i think it is a bit watch this space and i think it is a bit watch this space and i think it is a bit watch this sace. ~. ,. , this space. Back at cern i am visitin this space. Back at cern i am visiting proiect this space. Back at cern i am visiting project looking this space. Back at cern i am visiting project looking for i this space. Back at cern i am visiting project looking for a l visiting project looking for a different way to specifically target cancer. This robot is handling the Radioactive Material created by cerns but assist experiment, looking at doing something really cool. They can attach it to specially engineered molecules that you can inject into the body and which will only stick to cancer cells. And when that happens, the Radioactive Material shines like a bigot and it can be picked up on scanners, suddenly you can see exactly cancer is. Then you can do something that i think sounds even better. You can attach a different type of Radioactive Material to those engineered molecules and when they stick to the cancer cells, they stick to the cancer cells, the Radioactive Material only the Radioactive Material only the cancer cells. And they leave Everything Else around it unharmed. This combination of therapeutics and diagnostics is called theranos sticks, used in the treatment of some Prostate Cancer is approved in the us in 2022. The Peter Maccallum Cancer Centre in australia told us their ongoing Clinical Trials have shown it can improve the quality of life and extend life for some men with aggressive Prostate Cancer. This is the love that attracts the heaviest metal. Metallica, the heaviest metal. Metallica, the pixies. The heaviest metal. Metallica, the pixies, arcade the heaviest metal. Metallica, the pixies, arcade fire the heaviest metal. Metallica, the pixies, arcade fire was the pixies, arcade fire was here, my friend roger waters down here along the bottom. Lise down here along the bottom. Use was here. Down here along the bottom. Use was here all down here along the bottom. Use was here. All The Rock Stars want to meetjeffrey packs, whose decades long project, obsession, could be about make him a legend. In this building they are making the rarest and most expensive material in the known universe. Anti matter it is the stuff of Science Fiction that turns out to be science fact. 0ur universe is made of tiny particles of matter and in theory every type of particle as an equivalent anti particle. An evil twin thatis anti particle. An evil twin that is the same in almost every way. But the thing is, there is almost none of it in there is almost none of it in the known universe. Which is actually quite a good thing. Because anti matter and matter do not get along. So what happens when matter meets anti matter . Happens when matter meets antimatter . Antimatter . Well, they are incompatible, antimatter . Well, they are incompatible, they antimatter . Well, they are l incompatible, they annihilate each other and release the Budget Energy or other particles. Its a microscopically nasty business. Yes, thats an understatement, can we say. The enormous release of energy when the two has inspired Science Fiction writers to imagine it being used to create the ultimate weapon, to power entire civilisations, and bright enough fuel to explore the galaxy. 0ne enough fuel to explore the galaxy. One of the popular themes of Science Fiction is themes of Science Fiction is the use matter and anti matter kamaka by the produce almost limitless energy. Is that even possible . Limitless energy. Is that even ossible . ~ limitless energy. Is that even possible . Limitless energy. Is that even ossible . ~ ,. , ~ possible . When you said it like that it is exactly possible . When you said it like that it is exactly true. Possible . When you said it like that it is exactly true. If possible . When you said it like that it is exactly true. If you. That it is exactly true. If you had some anti matter only used it to annihilate matter, you make an incredible amount of energy per kilogram. Thats what Marty Mattner does. The problem is we dont have any. We have to make it and we kind of stuff making it in terms of how energy we need to put into it. It takes much more energy than you would ever get out again. Its a complete loser from the Science Standpoint so i cant help you out with the starship. I cant help you out with the starship i cant help you out with the starshi. A, ~ ,. , starship. Makes me a little bit sad. Nonetheless, starship. Makes me a little bit sad. Nonetheless, here starship. Makes me a little bit sad. Nonetheless, here at starship. Makes me a little bit sad. Nonetheless, here at thej sad. Nonetheless, here at the anti matter factory, sad. Nonetheless, here at the anti matterfactory, yes, that anti matter factory, yes, that its anti matterfactory, yes, that its actual name, jeffrey has acceded to create the opposite of the simplest element in the universe. Anti hydrogen. 0nce universe. Anti hydrogen. Once the anti matter is created, it flies really, really fast around every that is behind all of these concrete blocks. And you know a thick concrete blocks in . You dont want to be near stuffed them. By looking at how antihydrogen behaves, geoffrey hopes to answer one of the universes biggest mysteries. Why is there no anti matter left in the universe . Shouldnt matter and anti matter have been created equal amounts in the big bang and shouldnt all have just cancelled out, leaving nothing behind . Geoffreys project is looking for an explanation by testing to see if there is a slight imbalance. If antihydrogen does not in fact behave the same as normal hydrogen. Maybe gravity affects it ever so slightly differently. It ever so slightly differently. It ever so slightly differentl. ,. , it ever so slightly differentl. ,. , differently. This is the top of the alpha differently. This is the top of the alpha g differently. This is the top of the Alpha G Machine differently. This is the top of the Alpha G Machine were i the Alpha G Machine were anti matter stands for the gravity g stands for gravity. It tries to as the question what happens to anti matter if you drop it in the attic gravitational field. If you Research Found antihydrogen falls up is that of down, under gravity, What Happens Next . Of down, under gravity, What Happens Next . That would be su er happens next . That would be surzer cool. Happens next . That would be super cool, that happens next . That would be super cool, that would happens next . That would be super cool, that would be happens next . That would be super cool, that would be a i super cool, that would be a complete revolution insights. That they could quickly and it results and would mean new physics and probably a nobel prize for somebody happens to be involved. find prize for somebody happens to be involved. Be involved. And also me because be involved. And also me because i be involved. And also me because i helped be involved. And also me because i helped bring i be involved. And also me | because i helped bring the be involved. And also me i because i helped bring the news to everyone, so could i get a bit of it . I to everyone, so could i get a bit of it . Bit of it . I will invite you. And thats bit of it . I will invite you. And thats all bit of it . I will invite you. And thats all we bit of it . I will invite you. And thats all we have i bit of it . I will invite you. I and thats all we have time for in the shortcut of click at cern. Check out the full length version. There is more mind boggling stuff there for you. Thanks for watching and we will see you soon. Wet and windy weather on the way for wednesday. More on that in a second. But first of all, we start off with the news that for northern ireland, weve had the wettestjuly on record, with over double the averagejuly rainfall. Those records go back to 1836. It was also the wettestjuly on record for greater manchester, merseyside and lancashire as well. Now, weve got more rain to come through wednesday. This area of low pressure continues to strengthen and were going to see a swathe of particularly strong winds just running to the south of this hook of cloud you can see just here. Now, that is going to be working into the south west of the uk, but already those winds are picking up across south west england, across Southern Parts of wales, as our band of rain gets driven northwards and eastwards across much of the country. And, ok, its going to be a mild start to the day on wednesday, but those winds will continue to strengthen during the first part of the morning. The windiest weather works in across the south coast of england, where were looking at gusts of around a0 to 55 miles an hour. Even stronger for Northern France and the channel islands, where we could see gusts of 60 odd miles an hour. Now, winds that strong could bring down one or two trees, so you might find some localised disruption. You might also see the ferries running with even some cancellations or delays, so it might be worth checking before travelling if you have plans that way. Therell be plenty of heavy downpours for england and wales, some thunder mixed in, some really heavy downpours. But for northern scotland, well, this is probably where the brightest, driest weather is going to be. Youll manage a little bit of sunshine. It probably wont be too bad a day. Now, through wednesday night, the worst of the rain clears away eastwards, but you can still see some tightly packed isobars across the uk as we head into thursday. It will be a blustery day, with some of the strongest winds this time heading into northern ireland, driving in frequent showers here. Therell also be loads of showers for Northern Areas of scotland. But across inland areas, you probably have to wait, really, until the afternoon until we start to see those showers become really widespread and heavy. Now, its not going to be the warmest of days for for august, with temperatures generally high teens, maybejust about the low 20s. And that kind of Weather Pattern continues friday and into the weekend. We might even see some longer spells of rain across england and wales as the low pressure potentially moves its way in this weekend. But if youre fed up with being rained on over the last, what, six or seven weeks, better news for next week. It looks like we might have found the first signs of something that resembles summer late next week. Live from washington, this is bbc news. Former us President Donald Trump has been indicted over his alleged efforts to overturn the results of the 2020 election. Hes been charged on four counts, including conspiring to defraud the United States and conspiring against the rights of citizens. Donald trump has called it another fake indictment and an attempt to interfere in the 2024 president ial election campaign. Hello, im sumi somaskanda. Former President Donald Trump has been indicted over his efforts to overturn the results of the 2020 election the most serious legal threat yet to the former president as he campaigns to return to the white house. Hes charged with four counts in the 45 page indictment brought by special Counseljack Smith. The charges are Conspiracy To Defraud the United States, conspiracy to obstruct an official proceeding, obstruction of and attempt to obstruct an official proceeding and conspiracy against the rights of citizens. Special Counseljack Smith underscored the severity of the charges earlier. The attack on our Nations Capital onjanuary six, 2021 was an unprecedented assault on the seat of american democracy. Described in the indictment that was fuelled by lies,