Of tinfoil here. Most famously, cern is home to the Large Hadron Collider, the worlds biggest machine, built to examine the universes smallest particles. It smashes them together at almost the speed of light, and the last time i was here, it made me cry. Cern lets us do science that no individual country could do by itself, so we can build fantastic machines like the Large Hadron Collider big, complex International Projects where the world comes together to do it. The thing about this place though is that the stuff that goes on here is highly theoretical and experimental, and it kind feels really abstract and not really relevant to our everyday lives, but plenty of stuff that has been developed here has filtered down to the real world. Well, the high energy beams that are whizzing around cern are created by Particle Accelerators big ones. But there are many, many smaller ones around the world, and some of those are in hospitals, and they are being used to treat something that will affect a great many of us during our lifetimes cancer. This is the christie in manchester europes largest Cancer Hospital and it is one of two places in the uk where Cancer Patients come to be treated with proton beam therapy. It is a special form of radiotherapy which usually uses radiation high energy x rays to try and kill tumours in the body, but the christie has a particle accelerator, and that means they can fire beams of protons at the cancer. When radiation goes into a patient, obviously you want to use it to kill the tumour, but it goes through normal healthy tissue, and that gives rise to the side effects. Protons being particles slow down as they enter the tissue, and they stop within the tumour and do not go any further. And that means that this form of radiotherapy can be used in really tricky parts of the body. For example, Something Like the brainstem, which we know is very sensitive to radiation. So, it is very much putting the beam precisely into the tumour and not going into the sensitive organ. All types of Cancer Treatments risk harming healthy tissue near to the tumour and research is ongoing around the world to try and minimise this collateral damage. There has been at least one recent, rather strange, finding. It is to do with how quickly and how hard you deliver the dose of radiation, and it is called the flash effect. So, you deliver the radiation in a very intense burst to the tumour instead of on several seconds, for example. You condense it in milliseconds. For a physicist, this should not make any difference, but it seems like when you deliver radiation like this, the tumour gets damaged, the healthy tissue does not get damaged, and of course it could be Game Changing because you could forget everything about damaging surrounding tissues, etc, and it is as if the particles would know, this is a healthy cell, this is a cancer cell. Now, we have got recent results, not published yet, that seems to indicate that we do spare the normal tissue and we might do even more damage to the tumour, so it might be even better than people say it is. Flash is tremendously exciting, and i think it is a bit watch this space. Back at cern, i am visiting a project that is looking for a different way to specifically target cancer. This robot is handling a Radioactive Material created by cerns medicis experiment, which is looking at doing something really cool with it. They can attach it to specially engineered molecules that you can inject into the body and that will only stick now, when that happens, the Radioactive Material shines like a beacon, and it can be picked up on scanners, so suddenly you can see exactly where the cancer is. Then you can do something that i think sounds even better. You can attach a different type of Radioactive Material to those engineered molecules, and when they stick to the cancer cells, the Radioactive Material kills only the cancer cells. And they leave Everything Else around it unharmed. This combination of therapeutics and diagnostics is called theranostics, and its use in the treatment of some prostate cancers was approved in the us in 2022. The Peter Maccallum Cancer Centre in australia told us that their ongoing Clinical Trials have shown it can improve the quality of life and extend life for some men with aggressive prostate cancer. This is a lab that attracts the heaviest metal. Metallica, the pixies, arcade fire was here, my friend roger waters down here along the bottom, muse was here. All of the rock stars want to meetjeffrey hangst, whose decade long project nay, obsession could be about to make him a legend. In this building, they are making the rarest and most expensive material in the known universe. Antimatter antimatter is the stuff of Science Fiction that turns out to be science fact. 0ur universe is made of tiny particles of matter, and in theory, every type of particle has an equivalent anti particle. An evil twin that is the same in almost every way. But the thing is, there is almost none of it in the known universe. Which is actually quite a good thing because antimatter and matter do not get along. So what happens when matter meets antimatter . Well, they are incompatible, they annihilate each other and release a bunch of energy or other particles. It is a microscopically nasty business. Yeah, that is an understatement, shall we say. The enormous release of energy when the two meet has inspired Science Fiction writers to imagine it being used to create the ultimate weapon, to power entire civilisations, and to provide enough fuel to explore the galaxy. One of the popular themes in Science Fiction is we use matter and antimatter, combine them to produce almost limitless energy. Is that going to be possible . Well, when you state it like that, its exactly true. If you had some antimatter and used it to annihilate matter, you make an incredible amount of energy per kilogram. That is what antimatter does. The problem is that we dont have any, we have to make it. And we kind of suck at making it, in terms of how much energy we need to put into it. So it takes much, much more energy than you would ever get out again it is a complete loser from the Science Fiction standpoint. So i cant help you out with the starship. That makes me a little bit sad. Nonetheless, here at the antimatter factory yeah, thats its actual name jeffrey has succeeded in creating the opposite of the simplest element in the universe. Anti hydrogen. Once the antimatter is created, it flies really, really fast around a ring that is behind all of these thick Concrete Blocks. And you know what big Concrete Blocks mean it means you really dont want to be anywhere nearer to the stuff that is on the other side of them. And by looking at how Anti Hydrogen behaves, jeffrey is hoping to answer one of the universes biggest mysteries. Why is there no Antimatter Left in the universe . Shouldnt matter and antimatter have been created in equal amounts in the big bang, and shouldnt it all have just cancelled out, leaving nothing behind . Jeffreys project is looking for an explanation, by testing to see if there is a slight imbalance if Anti Hydrogen does not in fact behave the same as normal hydrogen. Maybe gravity affects it ever so slightly differently. This is the top of the alpha g machine, Where G Stands for gravity. This is the device that we are using to try and answer the question, what happens to antimatter if you drop it in the gravitational field of the earth . If your experiment found that Anti Hydrogen falls up instead of down under gravity, what happens next . That would be super cool. That would be a complete revolution in science. Thats a completely unanticipated result and would mean new physics, and probably a nobel prize for somebody who happens to be involved. I dont want to say me, because i helped bring the news to everyone, so do i get a bit of it . I will invite you. And that is all we have time for in the short cut of click and cern. There is more mind blowing stuff waiting for you on iplayer right now. Thanks for watching and we will see you soon. Wet and windy weather on the way for wednesday. More on that in a second. But first of all, we start off with the news that for northern ireland, weve had the wettestjuly on record, with over double the averagejuly rainfall. Those records go back to 1836. It was also the wettestjuly on record for greater manchester, merseyside and lancashire as well. Now, weve got more rain to come through wednesday. This area of low pressure continues to strengthen and were going to see a swathe of particularly strong winds just running to the south of this hook of cloud you can see just here. Now, that is going to be working into the south west of the uk, but already those winds are picking up across south west england, across Southern Parts of wales, as our band of rain gets driven northwards and eastwards across much of the country. And, ok, its going to be a mild start to the day on wednesday, but those winds will continue to strengthen during the first part of the morning. The windiest weather works in across the south coast of england, where were looking at gusts of around a0 to 55 miles an hour. Even stronger for Northern France and the channel islands, where we could see gusts of 60 odd miles an hour. Now, winds that strong could bring down one or two trees, so you might find some localised disruption. You might also see the ferries running with even some cancellations or delays, so it might be worth checking before travelling if you have plans that way. Therell be plenty of heavy downpours for england and wales, some thunder mixed in, some really heavy downpours. But for northern scotland, well, this is probably where the brightest, driest weather is going to be. Youll manage a little bit of sunshine. It probably wont be too bad a day. Now, through wednesday night, the worst of the rain clears away eastwards, but you can still see some tightly packed isobars across the uk as we head into thursday. It will be a blustery day, with some of the strongest winds this time heading into northern ireland, driving in frequent showers here. Therell also be loads of showers for Northern Areas of scotland. But across inland areas, you probably have to wait, really, until the afternoon until we start to see those showers become really widespread and heavy. Now, its not going to be the warmest of days for august, with temperatures generally high teens, maybe just about the low 20s. And that kind of Weather Pattern continues friday and into the weekend. We might even see some longer spells of rain across england and wales as the low pressure potentially moves its way in this weekend. But if youre fed up with being rained on over the last, what, six or seven weeks, better news for next week. It looks like we might have found the first signs of something that resembles summer late next week. Welcome to Newsday Reporting live from singapore. I am monica miller. Live from singapore. I am monica miller. The live from singapore. I am monica miller. The headlines. Former us President Donald Trump is indicted over his alleged efforts to overturn the results of the 2020 election. He is charged on four counts of conspiring to defraud the United States and conspiring against the rights of citizens. Today, an indictment was unsealed, charging donaldj unsealed, charging donald] trump with conspiring to defraud the United States, can fry conspiring to disenfranchise voters and conspiring and attempting to obstruct an official proceeding. Obstruct an official roceedin. , proceeding. Donald trump because it proceeding. Donald trump because it another proceeding. Donald trump because it another break l because it another Break Indictment and an attempt to interfere with the 2024 president ial election campaign. In other news, a powerful typhoon is sweeping towards southern japan. Urging thousands of people to seek shelter. Light from our studio in singapore, this is bbc news. Its newsday. Welcome to the programme. We begin in the United States where former President Donald Trump has been indicted over his efforts to overturn the results of the 2020 election and summoned to appear in a federal court on thursday. This is the most serious legal threat yet to the president , as he campaigns to return to the