to reduce harmful emissions produced by livetsock such as methane. anna holligan reports. dutch beef is the planet, but it's costing the earth. the country's cattle cost 70% of all methane emissions and it is the biggest source of nitrogen pollution for the netherlands. he wants his business to be sustainable.— he wants his business to be sustainable. i'm not a farmer who wants — sustainable. i'm not a farmer who wants to _ sustainable. i'm not a farmer who wants to take _ sustainable. i'm not a farmer who wants to take down - sustainable. i'm not a farmer who wants to take down the l who wants to take down the nature around us. i want to pharma with the nature. i'm a farmer with nature. i am a solution. give me some tools so way can be the solution for multiple problems. another is what is missing at the moment, the tools. we were the pride of the tools. we were the pride of the nation. but now we are the problem of the nation stop by the dutch government's plan includes paying livestock farmers to relocate or leave the industry altogether and helping those who remain to shift to more extensive, rather than intensive farming methods. methane is a very important greenhouse gas. and we really should try to reduce it.- should try to reduce it. here they are _ should try to reduce it. here they are experimenting - should try to reduce it. here they are experimenting with i they are experimenting with technology that could cut those harmful gases. 50 technology that could cut those harmful gases.— technology that could cut those harmful gases. so here is where we measure _ harmful gases. so here is where we measure the _ harmful gases. so here is where we measure the feed _ harmful gases. so here is where we measure the feed intake - harmful gases. so here is where we measure the feed intake of. we measure the feed intake of our cows, in those blue bins. each cow is recognised. the researchers found that simply swapping the feed can reduce dangerous gases by 15%, basically by making the cows burp less. basically by making the cows burp less-— burp less. because the died makes a — burp less. because the died makes a whole _ burp less. because the died makes a whole lot - burp less. because the died makes a whole lot of- burp less. because the died - makes a whole lot of difference in terms of how much methane is being produced by the cows. backin being produced by the cows. back in the hague, the future of farming is the source of frothy political debate. some parties argue fundamental shifts are essential. we are like yours _ shifts are essential. we are like your's butchers. - shifts are essential. we are i like your's butchers. farmers are very upset, which is understandable, but it's also the result of decades of policies that pushed for intensive agriculture without looking at a really what the impact was on the environment, on climates, but also on the farmers themselves.- on climates, but also on the farmers themselves. with the climate crisis _ farmers themselves. with the climate crisis convince - farmers themselves. with the climate crisis convince the - climate crisis convince the dutch to reduce their agricultural output? the current practices - agricultural output? the current practices are - current practices are completely out of balance with climate and with nature and we really need to transform our agriculture sector, which means that we need to reduce the number of livestock and we need to ensure that we go towards much more smaller scale practices. much more smaller scale practices-— much more smaller scale practices. much more smaller scale ractices. . ., ,, practices. farming groups say the will practices. farming groups say they will only _ practices. farming groups say they will only accept - practices. farming groups say| they will only accept voluntary measures are not forced removals and the time to cut emissions with technological solutions. ultimately, less intensive farming may mean a little less milk and more expensive meat — a price not everyone is prepared to pay for for a less polluted planet. anna holligan, bbc news. now on bbc news: our world. this programme was filmed in november, in the week before barbados removed the queen as its head of state and became the world's newest republic. british—barbadian daniel henry returned to his ancestral home to find out what islanders make of the move. for nearly 400 years, the british royal family has reigned over barbados. but next week, the islands will replace queen elizabeth with a president. my family is british and barbadian. so they have some big questions about it all. change is good. you can't stay the same all the time. i don't accept it. a history of slavery and colonial rule mean some are keen to move on from the past. it was a feudal system. daniel, you must compose yourself. you look as if you are ready to cry. and now the politicians have had their say, i am here to ask barbadians what it means, and why now. some people would say, why should we have an allegiance to the uk when in our hour of need, they were not there for us? barbados. a tiny paradise island in the blue—green waters of the caribbean. on 30 november, this commonwealth nation will remove the queen as its head of state and become the world's newest republic. the decision was made without a referendum. barbados declared independence from britain in 1966, but now the government has said it is time for barbados to finally leave its colonial past behind. current governor—general sandra mason will become its first president. the mantle of leadership falls fully to the post—independence generations of barbadians. it is those generations who must now define how our country and citizens will dominate the world stage, create a new vision, and build barbados' future. barbados to me is where my story begins. i was born in britain, my grandparents are from here, it is happy memories, it is the rum shops, it is the people, but everything that my grandparents showed me when i was growing up, seems to be changing. my granddad's story is typical of many barbadians, or bajans, as we are known. he moved to england as a young man, hoping to better himself. but what i didn't know is before he did, he worked on a sugar plantation. so this lane might not look like much, but it is special, because we are walking in my granddad's footsteps. and just around the corner is something that ties together the queen, britain, and my family. this is the belle plantation. at its peak, nearly 300 slaves were forced to live and work here. after slavery was abolished, it was bought by a family who were close friends of the queen. she came to visit this place on her last trip 55 years ago. hi! good to see you! good to see you my brother, give me an elbow bump. so this is the belle plantation. sad to say, but it is faded glory. trevor marshall is a historian and a leading pro—republic campaigner. daniel, this is where the bookkeeper, as it was called, this is where he or the manager paid the workers on fridays. you know, at the desk. the people lined up out here. they lined up out here like, laughs, like if they come for the dole. they filed in, and got there and bowed... they had to bow before they got paid? yeah, they bowed and scraped. it was a feudal system. i know my granddad worked here at the sugar factory at the belle plantation. you are saying he would have had to come here and bow his head before collecting? not everybody was so deferential, but the average person, it was ingrained in new from the time of slavery. cap in hand, like the typical english labourer, yes guv�*nor, and you know, you are doing yourfavour, you are paying me. daniel, you must compose yourself, you look as though you are ready to cry. careful of the holes here. and you, not only careful of this but the ceiling, the ceiling is disintegrating. can you imagine this in its period of glory? all of this, i mean, look at how many rooms. this was magnificent, so to see it degenerate to this point... it may sound strange, it may sound as though i am seized with that same kind of feudal deference, but we looked on the plantation great houses, as symbols of the importance of barbados. do you think that those mixed feelings are do you think that we are seeing them as barbados approaches becoming a republic? if we were to have a referendum now, 66% of barbadians would not want the republic. do you think? as high as that? i can tell you, they don't know what it is. as a historian i am called upon a daily, nightly basis to explain to people, and to calm their fears. will the currency be devalued, will we be able to travel to england again, are we going to stop the queen from coming here, the queen and prince harry, what about meghan, are we going to become a banana republic, will we be like venezuela or cuba ? it is such a gap from the man that trevor would have been talking about, who would have been working here as my granddad was, to the man that i knew, who made a family in britain, and then came back to barbados and made his life. the fact that that is part of his story means that it is part of mine, and being in this building, i am finding that really... difficult to comprehend, really. after he returned from london in 1984, he opened the rum shop. it used to be busy and full of life. this picture here, i think really captures the essence. you have got nan on one side, arm around me, protective. you have granddad on the left, chest out, back straight, and then me in the middle, of course. he was never shy of an opinion, he knew what he thought, he liked to have a talk, he likes to debate, with all of these changes in barbados, i know he would have had something to say about it. and you know, it is just, just sad that i can't talk to him now. my granddad passed away ia years ago. i still have family here who knew him well. so we are just around the corner from my auntie marjorie and uncle noel. they were really close with my granddad, and my nan, so if anyone is going to know anything about what they would have made of this, it is them. so it is a good place to start, i think. hello! uncle! good to see you. flowers for you there. thank you! i will give you a kiss, even though i have the mask, i am double jabbed, they tested me, i am fine. they were supposed to come to my wedding this summer, but the pandemic mean they couldn't make it. it's true. got some pictures for you. i will show you these. this is the closer one of granddad there. it is funny, because granddad always had something to say. i would love what he would have thought about it all. what all these changes... change is good. you can't stay the same all the time. you've got to move on, you can't say the same all the time. i don't accept it. all of my money is in england still. all the pictures and everything are in england. i have assurances, the pension will still be the same. but things don't say the same, changes bring success sometimes. generations of british influence have left quite a mark here. road signs, and institutions mimic their counterparts across the atlantic. the national sport is cricket, played at the familiar sounding kensington 0val in the capital bridgetown. roland butcher was born in barbados and moved to england when he was 13. he became the country's first ever black test cricketer. fellow wrote a poem to me, really outlining what a shame it was to have picked a black man to england and so forth and so forth. and the other one was from the west indian fellow, who saw this selection as going back to the days of slavery. exploitation all over again. he has invited me for a knockabout on the beach. roland's debut was against the west indies, right here in bridgetown in 1981. he played most of his career to middlesex, and even met the duke of edinburgh on more than one occasion. what do you think about the republic? what the benefits of being a republic, i don't know. but what i would say is that i think england as a country, the question is, how they really done enough to stay in the game? is it a sense for you that england, because of its... more than 300 years in control of barbados, ended up taking it for granted? i think what really was needed was for england to accept the atlantic slave trade, accept that as something that happened. also accept that institutions and individuals in england benefit from it, and i believe in a call for reparations. for me, reparations would be, forgiveness of any debts that barbados has, also the building of some schools, we have suffered in the last two years, and we have been suffering in this region for quite a while. but england really didn't do a great deal, so other people came along and offered their help, and obviously barbados needed it. i think countries like china has been a lot more friendly to barbados. lots of investment and loans, et cetera. so some people would say that why should we have an allegiance to the uk, when in our hour of need, they are not there for us? the government says nothing much will be different after next week. however, work on a new constitution is under way. some of the island's public services like the police will also be renamed. one big physical change here is at the parliament. it's having the biggest renovation in its 130 year history. the timing is a coincidence. we are not leaving any stones unturned and we're making sure that this refurbishment is one of the most comprehensive that this building will get. tyrell is in charge of the work. it's the biggest project of his career. it has been degraded to such a point that standing on the ground, you could not see it. we have a severe termite infestation, some water damage. the very bones of this building affect the way the whole main chamber is laid out. so we are in the house of assembly right now, which is the lower house. right now, obviously everything is gone. but the prime minister would sit on this side of the aisle and the opposition would sit on the other side. the speaker usually sits directly in the middle, and this is where all the great debates and stuff like that happens. almost identical, really, to the uk parliament, in the way that it is set up. it's really incredible, walking around and seeing so many parts of the building that still look and feel british, given the republic and this restoration but, at the same time, what i think is quite exciting — if you are from barbados — is that this time, it is by choice. and in sight of the senate is the highest—profile change so far. last year, to great fanfare, the statue of lord nelson was removed. it stood here for 200 years in the area that used to be called trafalgar square. do you think that anything material will change on december 1st? when everyone wakes up? i mean nothing will change for the average barbadian. we will still be who we are. in terms of material stuff, we will know that everything that is here, we own, everything that is there is ours, everything that we look forward to, we have to put in place for ourselves. there is no more dependency, there's no more of this looking to someone else — we are just going to be us. there are some people who say "well, �*republic�* means we should tear down all remnants of the british and start from scratch". what you think about that? when you leave home, do you discard your parents? you don't. what you do is that you set up in the new house but you still keep your parents. you understand their role, you understand their responsibilities, you understand where you came from. your whole bloodline is important, history is important. in recent years, there has been increased awareness of the civil rights of black people after a series of events made headlines around the world. in britain, there was the windrush scandal in 2018, when people who'd legally migrated there in the 1940s found they and their descendants being threatened with deportation. some families, after a lifetime in the uk, suddenly felt unwelcome. hey, daniel! hey! thanks for the lift! welcome to barbados, man! welcome to barbados. good to see you, denise! denise and her husband paul decided to leave london three years ago, and just bought a house here in fortescue. you see all these dead—end rods — they're just the cul—de—sacs that will eventually have the housing. we are driving up to the cliff edge, it's quite bumpy, but worth it when we get there. look at the potential and the mystery of it. it is so beautiful and awesome. and we will talk about, that is nature, that's natural, right? and then you look across here to fortescue — i mean, it's a very special spot, and it put things into perspective in terms of life. it's home. you get a sense of belonging when you are here. denise has set up her own nail bar. so have you got any bajan nail specialities down there? well, um... wow, that is very patriotic! denise's mother spent most of her life in britain. her parents are part of the windrush generation who went over with the promise of work. but in 2001, she decided to return to the caribbean. barbados is about to make this change, removing the queen as head of state. what you think about the decision? i don't have anything personally against the queen and the royal family — i believe they are lovely people — but i do believe it is the right time. a sense of identity. a true sense of belonging. you know, there's a lot of things that went on that i think myself, "why is it still an issue because you have a certain background or culture that you are left to feel unwelcome?" obviously, in london, it's great, it's a cosmopolitan city, but there is still an element of you're not quite welcome. with brexit, i think that was the straw that broke the camel's back for me. it was almost like yeah, "if brexit happens, we will get ourjobs back". "if brexit happens, immigration and foreigners are out". it was like that. ijust think this is probably, i am hoping it will be - a good move. yeah. before i leave barbados, i have been invited to the friday fish fry at the busy 0istins market. i am meeting some of my new friends here, roland butcher and the young crickets from from earlier. what's going on fellas? time forfood? any favourites? again, we have been here a few days and it's not often i've come across people who are as excited about it as you — you two. it does feel like it could be a difference in generation, you know, in terms of perspective and who is excited about this and who is not. can ijust get a show of hands of how many of you are thinking about leaving barbados to work somewhere else? ok, that's pretty much — that's all of you. um, with the republic coming up, does that change those ambitions at all? if it does, put your hand up. if it doesn't, then leave it down. they may be excited about the change, but not enough to keep them living and working in barbados. what the guys had to say really challenged my perspective on this whole republic thing. i mean, who is it really for? who is going to benefit? is it gonna stop young people wanting to leave the country in search of opportunities, like my granddad had to do 55 — 50—odd years ago? i set out to discover what the birth of the new republic means for bajans, and ifound a genuine desire for a new start here. if the move to a republic creates confidence in the country's future, then who knows what barbados can achieve? hello. you're not imagining it. it is exceptionally mild at the moment. we will continue to remain in very mild air for the first few days of the new year. notjust the uk, though, but many of our european neighbours have seen record temperatures for new year's eve, certainly records fell in parts of poland, austria, germany and the netherlands. and for new year's day, once again, we could see records being rivalled or toppled, for the day that is. this cold front will push across the uk, through new year's day, quite a skinny little weather front, not much temperature contrast across it and because it is such a narrow band of rain, actually it will not stick around in many areas for very long, perhaps an hour or so of rain working its way from west to east across england and wales. these showers for the west of scotland and northern ireland perhaps more persistent affairs, but look at the temperatures again. quite a lot of sunshine through the day and widely highs in the mid teens. squally showers for the south—east of england through saturday evening, into the small hours of sunday, some heavier showers, moving in from the west in wales and the midlands. a very mild night again. these are the temperatures, more typical of daytime for this time of year. sunday has wetter weather again on the cards for england and wales and some blustery winds. we could see some intense showers working their way through. the driest and brightest weather for sunday will be for scotland and northern ireland. and then on monday, we fall into a bit of a pincer movement in terms of our weather across the uk. we will see this weather front to the south trying to push some rain into this area of low pressure in the north, trying to turn things increasingly unsettled, between the two, some breezy conditions, but i think the best of any sunny spells are for the midlands, the north of england, but to the very south and very north of the uk, there could be some heavier, more persistent rain. a little cooler as well on monday, but temperature still slightly above average for the time of year. however, for tuesday, it looks like we are going to flip around and pick up a northerly wind and that will bring about a very dramatic change in the way things feel. you will have to add on the effect of the wind—chill, but temperatures in edinburgh just four degrees on tuesday, down to eight degrees in london. so, is a big contrast in our weather to come over the next few days ahead. welcome to bbc news. i'm simon pusey. our top stories: heavy snowfall in the american state of colorado helps to douse a wildfire that destroyed a thousand homes. mourners in south africa pay their final respects to archbishop desmond tutu ahead of his funeral on saturday. a new year surprise in the skin. lasers, fireworks and drones light up london, new year celebrations kept secret to deter the crowds. arise sir tony blair. the former pm's among those knighted in britain's new year honours, along with professor chris whitty, the face of the uk's pandemic response. and tributes are paid to the golden girls actress betty white, who has died just weeks before what would have been her one hundreth birthday.

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