good evening. the world health organisation has called for an urgent tightening of measures across europe to halt spiralling transmission rates of the virus. it has warned that 500,000 more deaths could be recorded by march unless urgent action is taken. let's have a look at how the uk is performing in comparison to other european countries — as based on figures we had two days ago. this graph shows a rolling seven—day average of daily cases per million people in italy, germany, and here in the uk. but look what happens when we include the netherlands and austria. we can see can see how the numbersjump to more than double those rates for the uk and germany. with cases surging in parts of europe, my colleague martine spoke to dr hans kluge 7 the world health organisation s regional director for europe. he said that while cases are high, authorities know how to handle the situation and what measures to implement. we are definitely worried. 0f we are definitely worried. of the good news is, that we know what to do. let's look at the positive side, portugal, spain, they are recently implementing what we call a vaccination plus. they are vaccinating and boosting and also implementing the basic measures like masks, average 48% of the european population is wearing a mask indoors and any percentage above that will have an immediate effect, much more attention to be paid to ventilation and viability, to new treatment protocols which have to be standardised. we protocols which have to be standardised.— protocols which have to be standardised. ~ . ., ., standardised. we are hearing that austria wants _ standardised. we are hearing that austria wants to _ standardised. we are hearing that austria wants to make _ standardised. we are hearing that| austria wants to make vaccinations mandatory. how wise is that when you've already seen people out on the streets protesting about the new lockdown that they are imposing? vaccination centres, confidence, complacency and convenience. mandatory vaccination has to be really a last resort. you have to be sure that all the axis values are removed but i do think, it is time to have a legal and societal debate about mandatory vaccination. hat about mandatory vaccination. not likel to about mandatory vaccination. not likely to take _ about mandatory vaccination. not likely to take place until next year, the mandatory vaccinations. we've got several weeks of winter to get through. what are you hoping that you will see? how are you encouraging different countries to respond to these rising numbers of? europe has missed the boat, unfortunately and so, all the efforts have to focus on keeping mortality down. they even have 7200 deaths a day it means covid—i9 is backin deaths a day it means covid—i9 is back in the number one cause of mortality and that is why we need the vaccination, the booster, the clinical treatment protocols and the means for covid—i9 passports. it is not limiting liberty, it is a collective tool to avoid more painful lockdown. we collective tool to avoid more painful lockdown.— collective tool to avoid more painful lockdown. we look at the experience _ painful lockdown. we look at the experience of— painful lockdown. we look at the experience of the _ painful lockdown. we look at the experience of the united - painful lockdown. we look at the i experience of the united kingdom, for example, what might other countries learn from the uk because this country did manage to get the vaccines fast and may be blabbing the third boosterjob. the the third booster “0b. the vaccination h the third booster “0b. the vaccination will _ the third boosterjob. tue: vaccination will definitely the third boosterjob. tte: vaccination will definitely be a success story but in every country, there is good things and there is countries that could've done something better. but the success today does not mean success tomorrow because no country is an island. so in that sense, the uk is also better off by implementing strict public health social measures to keep the situation as it is for to further improve. situation as it is for to further imrove. ~ ., situation as it is for to further improve-— situation as it is for to further imrove. ~ ., ., , improve. would you advise the british government _ improve. would you advise the british government to - improve. would you advise the british government to do - improve. would you advise the british government to do that l improve. would you advise the | british government to do that it improve. would you advise the - british government to do that it has not done in the past or the future because it has a huge amount of criticism about the number of cases that we've had the sheer number of people that have died here. made that the pandemic _ people that have died here. made that the pandemic was _ people that have died here. made that the pandemic was over - people that have died here. t—rr that the pandemic was over when it was just another way of passing. so back to the basics. vaccination, masks, clinical protocols and of course, it has to be based on the national situations and so a continuous risk, but do not lift the guards too early. we should've learned that lesson. in the netherlands — the mayor of rotterdam has condemned what he's called "an orgy of violence" — after protestors took to the streets to demonstrate against coronavirus restrictions. the netherlands is one of a number of places in europe to re—impose a lockdown because of a surge in cases. from rotterdam our europe correspondent, anna holligan, reports. rotterdam, the netherlands second city. scarred by a night of rage. riot police came from across the country to try and quell the uprising. they fired warning shots and then live rounds. in response to scenes condemned by rotterdam's mayor as an orgy of violence. translation: on several occasions, police officers had to draw— their weapons to defend themselves. some aimed shots were fired. at least seven were injured. restrictions in the netherlands began last saturday and will be in place for another two weeks at least. the streets are peaceful now but the atmosphere across the country remains volatile. the netherlands is battling record infection rates and the government is considering new restrictions targeting the unvaccinated. in austria today, supporters of the far right freedom party marched against mandatory coronavirus vaccines. a 20 day lockdown will start next week, working from home will be ordered and only essential shops will stay open. germany fears and national health scare emergency. new measures expected for those who haven't had theirjabs, a full lockdown is still on the cards. the uk is not yet seen such a dramatic surge in cases. the uk has not yet seen such a dramatic surge in cases. and these are some of the reasons why. many countries faced delta a bit later, so they're dealing with it now and some of them opened up later than we did~ _ and there is differences in vaccines. you have high levels and uptake in some populations in some european countries. higher roots in the uk sure that the push to encourage people to get their boosterjabs continues. the incentive for many, the avoidance of harsher rules like those enforced elsewhere. here in the uk — we've received the official daily figures from the government. they show that a further 150 people have died within 28 days of testing positive for covid—i9 as of today. that brings the uk total to 143,866. and there have been a further 40,941 lab—confirmed cases. more than 25% of the population have had their booster — or third vaccine dose — according to the official data — bringing the total number to just over 14.6 million. joining me now isjonathan ball, who is a professor of molecular virology at the university of nottingham. a good evening to you, professor. those figures are alarming in europe, should we be worried you're in the uk? imilli europe, should we be worried you're in the uk? ~ ~' europe, should we be worried you're in the uk? ~ ~ �*, in the uk? will come i think there's one thing to — in the uk? will come i think there's one thing to stress from _ in the uk? will come i think there's one thing to stress from the - in the uk? will come i think there's one thing to stress from the start. l one thing to stress from the start. we've had relatively high levels of cases throughout the summer and throughout the start and we have gone into winter. those high levels of cases have been particularly in younger populations and the consequence of those infections is that it starts to build up immunity in those populations even though vaccine uptake isn't like in order people. it is slightly different ways. and we've had cases that have been stable for quite some time and event very good uptake of vaccine, particularly in vulnerable populations in there now starting to get the boosters. the cases of serious disease in people being admitted to critical care and also deaths is much slower than some of the places in europe.— the places in europe. there is talk of this fourth _ the places in europe. there is talk of this fourth wave, _ the places in europe. there is talk of this fourth wave, we _ the places in europe. there is talk of this fourth wave, we should - of this fourth wave, we should be all right to the winter period? tt we compare it to places like germany, we know that they've had strict regime of trying to control the virus and coming into the winter months, they had much lower levels of virus circulated in the population. and because we haven't, you can criticise whether we have or haven't irv that's the right approach, irrespective of that argument, with that has done is put reasonable levels of it will be short—term immunity to those vulnerable people are particularly those younger people who have been a hotbed for virus circulation and of course, overtime, hotbed for virus circulation and of course, over time, that immunity will wane and therefore, we won't see cases significantly full but i don't anticipate that the case will increase but perhaps for people were invited to revert the third dose of their vulnerable for the booster, and they should go along and get it because it has a massive impact and it has an impact on whether or not you can become infected and certainly protects you from serious disease and hospitalisations. having the vaccine doesn't _ disease and hospitalisations. having the vaccine doesn't necessarily - disease and hospitalisations. having the vaccine doesn't necessarily stop| the vaccine doesn't necessarily stop you contracting the virus bite, the positive thing is, the disease is proving to be to a lesser degree in terms of seriousness. it is very difficult to work out how much protection is given against infection. it will give some protection from infection and the bi est protection from infection and the biggest consequence _ protection from infection and the biggest consequence of- protection from infection and the biggest consequence of that - biggest consequence of that additional vaccine boost is that it will increase your levels of immunity because they been falling over the past five or six months and that will protect you from the more serious disease and hospitalisations. we think a booster within 14 days, it's going to give you protection of tenfold increase and levels against symptomatic disease and against serious disease. so it has a massive, massive effect and if anyone is hesitant as to whether or not they need a booster, please go along and get it. virology, when we're looking at the timing in which the younger generation were offered the vaccine, was the stent at the right time? t was the stent at the right time? i was the stent at the right time? i was a big fan of getting the boosters reasonably early and also offering children the vaccine. i know there was some consideration and discussion about the relative benefits of those people of other not the vaccine harm outweighed the vaccine benefits, but it is pretty clear now that there is benefit for children to having it directly for themselves because they don't have their education disrupted and it's not common, but they can get it. but it's also protecting the community because the fact is the vaccine still have an impact on transmission and much less virus circulation and immune population.— immune population. what can you antici ate immune population. what can you anticipate of— immune population. what can you anticipate of this _ immune population. what can you anticipate of this virus _ immune population. what can you anticipate of this virus was - immune population. what can you anticipate of this virus was make | anticipate of this virus was make your smiling there. but it's stumped a lot of people over the last nearly two years, hasn't it? it a lot of people over the last nearly two years, hasn't it?— two years, hasn't it? it has and i think sometimes _ two years, hasn't it? it has and i think sometimes people - two years, hasn't it? it has and i think sometimes people have i think sometimes people have forgotten some of the basic virology and basic immunology and sometimes we have been trying to over complicate things. and whenever you've got a susceptible population and you've got a virus like coronavirus where you can see lots of asymptomatic infections. the virus spreads very rapidly through the community. and these are to build up immunity through vaccination, but also through national natural infection and that diverse list on, will disappear but what is ks clear for the future, the level of the virus will change each year, it may be the levels of nursing at the moment are normal, they will reduce further in the future, but we will have to live with the virus and it is a phrase thatis with the virus and it is a phrase that is often been used and a lot of people, the reality is, it is here to stay and if people are vaccinated and have immunity, on the whole, they will be protected from the worst effects.— they will be protected from the worst effects. with environment mutations. _ they will always try and acquire this to give them the edge, we have to remember that with the benefit for the is usually transmission. a, for the is usually transmission. virus doesn't necessarily want to get mutations that make it more dangerous, it certainly would want to acquire mutations that allow it to acquire mutations that allow it to escape from vaccines. but sometimes those mutations that allow to escape from the vaccines come with a fitness cost for the virus. so, it is listed, less easy to transmit and so there's always a trade—off for the virus. when it is exploring that mutational space. thank you very much indeed. thank you. and we'll find out how this story — and many others — are covered in tomorrow's front pages at 10:30 and 11:30 this evening in the papers — our guestsjoining me tonight are benjamin butterworth, late editor and senior reporter for the i and former pensions minister, conservative peer baroness ros altmann. we go through 1.1 billion single use plates and addition to that, cutlery and the vast majority single—use plastics such as plates and cutlery, as well as polystyrene cups, could all be banned in england under new plans being considered by the government. it is estimated that only ten per cent of such items are recycled. according to estimates, in england alone, we get through 1—point—1 billion single—use plates every year. in addition to that, four—and—a—quarter billion single use pieces of cutlery — the vast majority of which are plastic — are also used. disposable coffee cups have been a long standing problem — the uk throws away two and half billion of those every year. ealier we heard from friends of the earth plastics campaign lead, camilla zerr — who explained how replacing single use plastic has been done successfully elsewhere. where we are saying this we need to get rid of those unnecessary single use plastics very easily could be replaced by reusable alternatives or a refillable alternative and that is possible because there are countries where it is already the case and we actually know that it is been the past 20 years or so that we have seen the search of single use plastic items when actually what we used to use are way more reusable like the reusable bottles and reusable coffee cups, reusable containers to go and refill, for example, that is something that is absolutely possible. a record number of people died while detained under the mental health act in england during the coronavirus pandemic. that's according to early estimates from the independent regulator, the care quality commission. the figures come amid concerns that staffing shortages are compromising patient safety in psychiatric wards and across the nhs. patrick baker reports — and a warning — his report contains flashing images. after struggling with his mental health throughout most of his teenage years, 17—year—old charlie millers became increasingly unwell during the second half of 2020. he went downhill in thejuly time. he was then sectioned. charlie spent the next few months in and out of the mental health unit at prestwich hospital in manchester. in early december last year, he returned to the ward following a night at home. i dropped him off at quarter to eight at night. he was in really good spirits and then i got a phone call at quarter to 11 to say that they were doing cpr on him. during the course of that evening charlie had made four attempts on his life, the last of which proved fatal. a confidential nhs report into charlie's death said that due to sickness absence being reported that day there was no qualified nurse rostered on duty for the night shift. the nurse in charge agreed to cover the shift. she had worked from 9am to 4pm and returned at 7pm. in a statement the nhs trust that runs prestwich hospital expressed its deepest sympathies but said it would be inappropriate to comment further until the coroner's inquest has concluded. between 2012 and 2019 an average 273 people died each year while detained in hospital or being supervised in the community under the mental health act in england. but early estimates for the first year of the pandemic suggest a record high, with 490 people dying between march 2020 and march 2021. i think staff shortages are compromising patient safety in every part of the nhs at the moment. we have a workforce crisis and it's time we completely overhauled the way we decide how many doctors and nurses we are going to train for the future. the department of health and social care said there are now record numbers of doctors and nurses working in the nhs. they said they are investing £2.3 billion a year by 2023—24 to transform mental health care and will bring forward plans to reform the mental health act. charlie's mum samantha says she is still waiting for a clear explanation about how her son could have lost his life in the very place that was meant to keep him safe. a full inquest into charlie's death starts next year. there's to be a review into how to prevent migrants crossing the english channel to the uk. it follows months of pressure on the government over record numbers of people making the journey migration proving to be a real conundrum for the government. so, why this review now?— why this review now? quite simply, the government _ why this review now? quite simply, the government has _ why this review now? quite simply, the government has to _ why this review now? quite simply, the government has to be - why this review now? quite simply, the government has to be seen - why this review now? quite simply, the government has to be seen to l why this review now? quite simply, l the government has to be seen to be doing something because so far, they've been doing 24,000 crossings in the channel and is three times higher last year. so, there's some political pressure they pledged to take control of the border but only yesterday, the labour leader was streaking borisjohnson's tail over this saying he's promising what he can deliver and so, there's to be a new initiative. so, this continuing crisis, departmentalfocus of new initiative. so, this continuing crisis, departmental focus of this issue just like on tackling covid—19, the cabinet office minister as his problem solver and that makes a bit of a poisoned chalice but he is going to be working next week or so and i talk to different departments to see what they can do and also come up with some potential policy recommendations of any more are needed. not entirely convinced that there will be up to do with other initiatives of failed to do and £54 million deal with france. the micro and some sitting stale in the first place and stop many, thousands of potential crossings but we mentioned having record numbers and also various other ideas haven't come quite to fruition and what critics are saying is what is really necessary is much deeper and the reasons why people are leaving the areas in north africa and coming to britain and the first place and there is enough to just stop the boats but there are reasons why people would be coming to the shores of the first place. hundreds of tesla drivers have been locked out of their vehicles following a technical problem. the company's founder elon musk has apologised after a fault with the app stopped customers connecting to their car. tesla said the problem should now be resolved. octopuses, crabs and lobsters can feel pain and will be recognised as sentient beings in law. the government will now add the animals to the list of those protected in a new bill designed to ensure future laws have high animal welfare standards. a study by the london school of economics found that there was strong scientific evidence that these animals have the capacity to experience pain, distress or harm. drjonathan birch was the principal investigator on that government commissioned study. thank you forjoining us here on bbc news. there is tell us more about the findings, please. tell us more about the findings, lease. . .,, , tell us more about the findings, lease. . , , . , please. octopus, squid, cuttlefish and crustaceans _ please. octopus, squid, cuttlefish and crustaceans are _ please. octopus, squid, cuttlefish and crustaceans are crabs, - please. octopus, squid, cuttlefish i and crustaceans are crabs, lobsters, crayfish. they came to the conclusion that the evidence that these animals are capable of feeling pleasure and pain was strong and crucially, strong enough tojustify including them within the scope of animal welfare laws. what including them within the scope of animalwelfare laws.— including them within the scope of animalwelfare laws. animal welfare laws. what does this now mean because _ animal welfare laws. what does this now mean because obviously, - animal welfare laws. what does this now mean because obviously, we i animal welfare laws. what does this | now mean because obviously, we eat these animals. what are the implications?— these animals. what are the implications? these animals. what are the imlications? ~ . ., implications? will, including an animal within _ implications? will, including an animal within the _ implications? will, including an animal within the scope - implications? will, including an animal within the scope of- implications? will, including an l animal within the scope of animal welfare law doesn't stop you eating it. all vertebrates are already protected under animal welfare law. it just protected under animal welfare law. itjust means there are limits to what you can do to that animal or at least there should be limits and people do think sometimes to that crustaceans like crabs and lobsters, there are of the extreme things and it is sensible to be thinking about introduces and regulations in this area. ., y ., introduces and regulations in this area. ., , ., ., , area. how did you prove that they could feel the _ area. how did you prove that they could feel the same _ area. how did you prove that they could feel the same as _ area. how did you prove that they i could feel the same as vertebrates? it's not a question approving comments about evidence and finding strong evidence. and deliver strong evidence, we look at the brain, we look at how complex the brain is, how large, what it is capable of we look at behaviour too. does the animal behave in the way human would in response to injury was marked as a rift in the way human would when given painkillers? all of these things are signs that pieces of evidence that help us assemble a case. t evidence that help us assemble a case, , , , ., , , evidence that help us assemble a case. , , ., , case. i suppose with this mean is we need to look — case. i suppose with this mean is we need to look at _ case. i suppose with this mean is we need to look at more _ case. i suppose with this mean is we need to look at more humane - case. i suppose with this mean is we need to look at more humane ways i case. i suppose with this mean is we | need to look at more humane ways of killing these animals. so, what does that mean? what can we do? it is fine ina that mean? what can we do? it is fine in a restaurant setting but what about at home?— fine in a restaurant setting but what about at home? you're right, skilled chefs _ what about at home? you're right, skilled chefs are _ what about at home? you're right, skilled chefs are a _ what about at home? you're right, skilled chefs are a no _ what about at home? you're right, skilled chefs are a no knife - skilled chefs are a no knife techniques that can kill crustaceans reliably within ten seconds that is much better than dropping them into boiling waters which can take two and a half minutes for the animal to die. so, ithink and a half minutes for the animal to die. so, i think if people want to be killing these animals at home, i probably recommend against that but if you're going to do that, then educate yourselves in the humane methods and the specialist techniques.— methods and the specialist techniaues. . , techniques. finally, when will we see what has _ techniques. finally, when will we see what has been _ techniques. finally, when will we see what has been included - techniques. finally, when will we see what has been included to i techniques. finally, when will we i see what has been included to come through in general society, the findings of your survey in general society? t findings of your survey in general socie ? ~ �* , findings of your survey in general socie ? ~' �* , ., ., ., society? i think there's a lot of recommendations _ society? i think there's a lot of recommendations in _ society? i think there's a lot of recommendations in the i society? i think there's a lot of. recommendations in the report, society? i think there's a lot of i recommendations in the report, if we see all of them implemented, it would take a long time of the government has already done as amended this intense bill to introduce this general commitment for crabs, lobsters octopus, squid, innocent human beings. that is an important first step that i support, but it is only a first step, we need to see more detailed practice regulations for this area. to enforce them.— regulations for this area. to enforce them. regulations for this area. to enforcethem. �* , . ., enforce them. best practice? what would ou enforce them. best practice? what would you like _ enforce them. best practice? what would you like to _ enforce them. best practice? what would you like to see? _ enforce them. best practice? what would you like to see? because i enforce them. best practice? what| would you like to see? because you do have an idea they're.— do have an idea they're. the need for training. _ do have an idea they're. the need for training, if _ do have an idea they're. the need for training, if you're _ do have an idea they're. the need for training, if you're going i do have an idea they're. the need for training, if you're going to i for training, if you're going to slaughter these animals. you can't be humane if you are not trained in its widely accepted principle for any animaland its widely accepted principle for any animal and that should be applied in this case. there's also like pulling the crabs from the sea, pulling off its claws, throwing the animal back, but the uk fishermen do not do this. that is already frowned upon by uk fishermen, but it's nonetheless legal and british waters and where the opportunities after leaving the european union is that we can now introduce tougher wealth are standards that reflect our values and our standards and that raise the bar from what we had before. . . raise the bar from what we had before. ., ., ., ._ before. new zealand, norway in switzerland. _ before. new zealand, norway in switzerland, desiree _ before. new zealand, norway in switzerland, desiree against i before. new zealand, norway inj switzerland, desiree against the before. new zealand, norway in i switzerland, desiree against the law but thank you very much indeed. now it's time for a look at the weather with phil avery. hello. we're just seeing first signs of a much advertised change in our weather fortunes where sunday produces a much cooler feeling day across all parts of the british isles. first signs of the cold air already getting up into the north of scotland but as we get on through the night and into sunday the weather fronts will allow a northerly flow to dominate right across the east. and that transition will happen for many overnight. we will keep some showers going across northern and eastern parts of the british isles. one or two drifting through the irish sea. in between with these skies clear and there isn't so much of a noticeably north wind will end up with a touch of frost. so it's a chilly, bright, really sunny start to the day provided you're not picking up on all of the showers across the eastern side of the british isles with the odd one again coming through the irish sea. in between there's a lot of sunshine but it really won't do anything for the temperatures. single figures for many, a high of ten or 11. hello this is bbc news. the headlines. the world health organisation says it is very worried about the rise in covid cases in europe — saying the disease is once again the continent's biggest killer and warns the uk against complacency. success today does not mean success tomorrow because no country is an island. more than 50 people have been arrested, after protests over new covid restrictions in rotterdam erupted into rioting last night. record numbers of migrants crossing the channel prompts a government review. a public consultation starts on a potential ban on single—use plastics like disposable cutlery and polystyrene boxes in england. sportsday will be coming up shortly, before that, though, sarah corker investigates britain's dangerous buildings. who should pay to fix britain's dangerous buildings? it's four and a half years since the grenfell tragedy, yet more than half a million people are still living in flats wrapped in flammable materials.

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