afghan interpreter. what do you think you can do about this? we have to be clear about this, the threats are there. they are going to murder innocent civilians. the people the taliban were threatening to murder were the family of tim mccullough's afghan interpreter bilal nasiri, someone he had relied upon when he'd been on the ground in afghanistan working on reconstruction projects for the war—torn country. and what was bilal�*s role as your interpreter? he was not somebody who just sits in a nice safe building. he was on patrol with us on a daily basis. but the difference being is he's not allowed to carry a weapon system. but he's still there. he's still in uniform. and often we'd hear over the taliban chatter that the target was the interpreter, rather than the soldiers. because of the intelligence, and the skills that they could bring in order to help us understand how the taliban operated. and what the locals wanted. so, by taking an interpreter out, it would put the fear into other interpreters. and ultimately then that meant that we would be on our own on the ground. under frequent fire and the constant threat of improvised explosive devices, ieds, tim mccullough valued his interpreter�*s calm approach. bilal was brilliant. he's got a wicked sense of humour, which was always useful whenever we were out on patrol. you know, temperatures at sort of 50 degrees celsius, carrying an excessive amount of weight, 20 to 30 kilos. and then having to deal with the other challenges of ieds or of being, uh, shot at. he kept a level of calmness in us because we could see in him how confident he felt about where we were. bilal emigrated to australia in 2016, but his family remained in kabul. and when the taliban returned this august, they came looking for him with a chilling message. if he didn't return to face their justice they would kill his family. that's a pretty extreme potential punishment. how sure were you that he was telling the truth? i was given copies of the letters. so, i've seen the letters that the taliban had issued. but i could see the sincerity in both bilal and also then his brother, when i spoke to him as well, that at that point, when they were having to leave their house and hide in different houses every night, it told me the severity of it. that this wasn't, this wasn't a made up story. this was genuine. but it was bilal�*s insistence on facing taliban justice that prompted tim to get more deeply involved. bilal told me then that he was going to return to afghanistan so that the taliban could kill him and save his family. it's at that point then that i knew i had to do something more. but as a serving member of the armed forces that meant breaking rank. speaking to the media, and lobbying politicians.=, he tried to get the family onto uk government's refugee list, but failed because bilal himself was already out of the country. in fact, it was the irish government who offered them refuge, if the british naval officer could only get the family to the airport. we had worked out a route to get through kabul airport. and on the day they were due to go through kabul airport is when the suicide bomber happened. causalities rushed yet again into kabul's emergency hospital. the afghans who were hoping to be on an aeroplane today flying out to a safer place. they were literally 15 minutes away from getting to the holding area. so potentially could've been, uh, killed at that point. that meant then i had to think of a different route. and we started calling upon every contact, every source we had to find out if we could do that. it involved dangerous and unconventional means to move the family through taliban territory and across the border. we're not revealing details to protect others. it meant tim doing things his navy bosses wouldn't like. his 24—year career in the service was now on the line. it's a sacrifice i knew was worth taking, because i can't live with myself if i don't help people as best as i can, and we claim to be humanitarian, part of humankind, well humankind seems a bit of an oxymoron at times because it doesn't seem that humans are very kind. the taliban were last in power more than 20 years ago. and one man from belfast has known them well since those brutal, early days. despite the more recent media—friendly image, professor michael semple isn't convinced the taliban has changed. remarkably many of those same men that i knew 25 years ago are still in positions of authority inside the taliban movement. growing up in north belfast during the troubles in some ways prepared him for his future career as one of the world's leading experts on afghanistan. my father was a quantity surveyor, and so, you know one of the things i remember of my sort of you know childhood routine was you know every weekend being dragged down to the latest bomb sight, to see what had been blown up during the week, because my father was there with the measuring tape and trying to work out what it would cost to put it back together again. he then took his own measuring tape, of sorts, to afghanistan when he worked for the un during the first period of taliban rule when few others dared, monitoring and reporting on their cultural and human rights abuses. from detailing the destruction of the sixth century buddhas of bamiyan. .. what we found was a scene of complete devastation. . the forces who had retakenl their home town rushed first to the place - where the buddhas ? the largest in the ancient world stood, until they. were — destroyed by the taliban. ..to investigating the massacre of innocent civilians. he was on the ground before any western troops. a quarter of a century later, the taliban are back in charge and he fears they will be out for revenge. he has personally helped get some high profile figures out of the country for whom taliban rule would be a likely death sentence. this imminent threat has affected prominent people who are well known to the taliban because of their role in public life but in terms of military hierarchy, you know, people far lower down the pecking order, also have good reason to fear the taliban, and over the past month there's been a steady stream of reports of disappearances and summary executions. people fleeing their homeland in desperation and in fear for their lives. this was hardly the future anyone fought for. doug beattie served three tours in the country. those are sort of difficult scenes, i suppose, for anybody to watch, but particularly, no doubt, for people who knew the country, like yourself. yeah, they were images of desperation, they were images of panic, they were images of an abandoned country, um, and people desperate to flee it. so desperate that they would hang onto an aircraft that's about to take off. on doug beattie�*s first tour, the fighting was intense. seen here in 2006, when nato troops fought the taliban over 14 days at garmsir in helmand province. his actions earned him the military cross. back up. bring it forward and the gun. gunfire. tell him he has achieved as much as he's going to achieve. we have no more to support him with. so he's probably best he's cleared what he can so come back now. tell him he must do it orderly. not to run back but to patrol back. we own this ground. nine soldiers, eight men and one woman, from northern ireland lost their lives during the war in afghanistan. there were a57 deaths of uk armed forces personnel. more than 100,000 afghans military and civilians killed during the brutal conflict over the last 20 years. rapid gunfire. conveying the experience of that war, the sheer horror of it, to those of us who were never there, is a difficult thing to do. you can't explain because words are words and it's very two dimensional, but what happened in afghanistan was very three dimensional, and when you're fighting hand to hand with somebody, when you're literally having to use everything at your disposal to keep yourself alive, complete your mission and, at the same time, kill the enemy fighter who's fighting you. gunfire. that face—to—face fighting, it takes a terrible toll. some memories still haunt him, the two suicide bombings he survived, and the death of civilians such as a young girl called shabia. her body was punctured by a mortar bomb that had exploded, and her life was slowly ebbing away. and as i tried to save her life i found myself completely impotent, that i had nothing in my arsenal to be able to save this young girl's life. her grandfather, looking at me as if i had all of the answers to the problem that was in front, and i had none of the answers. it's made all the more difficult because, like many veterans, he now questions what the war achieved. on his last tour in afghanistan, the focus had shifted from fighting to rebuilding. the hope he sensed then is now a painful memory. when i look back at what the place was like in 2006 and what it is like now, there is a vast, vast change. what is the most important thing of it all is that there is a confidence within the people of afghanistan, and certainly within helmand that they are happy to move towards that change, to support the government and there's a willingness to do so. so there is changes and happening... what are your thoughts, just listening back to that sort of confidence now? this is why this hurts so much actually, on watching this, cos i'm looking at this and i'm thinking, "had we just carried "on doing what we were doing, the... "at the level we were doing it, then we could be in a very different situation now. so the confidence was there. but i think we've thrown that all away. does it make you feel that the whole exercise was futile? there is things that we did which will endure, but as a project, the whole thing has now collapsed and failed. six weeks after the fall of kabul and the taliban death threat issued to interpreter bilal nasiri's family, and tim mccullough had some exciting news about their escape. just tell us, what's happening at the moment? so, right at the very moment, they're in the air, they've left turkey, they're due to touch down in ireland in about two hours�* time. the family were far from afghanistan, out of danger and now en route to ireland. tim was ordered not to travel by his navy bosses. but i was heading to dublin airport and hoping to meet them. well, we're not far from the airport now, where, within the hour, we should hopefully be seeing bilal�*s family arrive safely in ireland. their new home. their new place of refuge. before going inside, i put a call through to bilal in australia, who couldn't be there because of covid restrictions. the family were due on a flight from turkey landing soon. 0h, hi, bilal, how are you? very well. can you sort of tell us what it feels like today to be on the cusp of seeing yourfamily arrive? i don't think there is any feeling like this, any word you can describe the feelings that i have, to feel like... to know that your family's out of danger and to know they�* re. . . they're just about to land in a country where they will start a new life, and to know that they are safe, it's very touching. very, very touching. what would have happened if they hadn't escaped kabul? god knows. like many people that have been left behind, you know, by many countries and their evacuation progress that got cancelled, there's a lot of reports of, you know, people knocking on the doors and searching and... and there was most likely... they were, you know, they were tortured, or killed because... just because what i used to do, you know? i used to work with british troops, to bring stability, to bring peace, and because of me, you know, they would have been killed. well, bilal, we're going to go inside and keep an eye out and hopefully catch the family as they come through, and maybe i could call you again on zoom and you can chat to them as they arrive. yeah, that would be amazing. i don't know if there's anybody else, so, yeah, it would be... ..it would be beautiful. i would love to see them, yeah, coming through that airport. once inside the arrivals hall, it was clear that there was a welcoming party. mp stephen farry arrived. he was instrumental in securing the family's safe passage to ireland. his constituent, tim mccullough, who had enlisted his help, joined remotely. it was now a waiting game with fingers crossed that the authorities wouldn't bring the family out via a different exit. i got into position, bilal on zoom, with my phone camera trained on the door. eventually, patience was rewarded. that's my brother, that's my brother. in the green, is that your brother in the green shirt? laughs. that's my brother, that's iqbal. and that's jamal coming out now. oh, my god. they're here! we did it. that's my family. oh, my god. and that's my beautiful mother. after their long and dangerous journey, the family clearly wanted to thank the mp and others who had helped get them out. ireland will give you i a very warm welcome. hopefully we'll get - you settled in properly. i have my office, and my team are very happyjust to help - over the next weeks and months as you integrate into your- new life here in ireland. bilal�*s brother, iqbal, spoke for the group. did you think you would see this day? no, absolutely not. it was just like a dream for us to be here, and it's all for the support and help of the team and especially for the government of ireland that have helped us and to reach ireland and to save our lives, to save our family's lives. i'm really excited. i cannot express my feelings, and also most of my family members, they don't know english, that's why they cannot speak with you guys. otherwise, they would express their feelings for you and they are really glad, they're safe and they're in a safe country. i'll be coming down to see i you as soon as i possibly can and take you out. watching them via livestream with one of the others - who helped moved them and then to watch bilal, i the raw emotional reaction of bilal wasjust, it was, i it was heart—breaking in a good sense, and just an amazing - feeling and myself and - the others who were watching... it was like, i think, you know, it was like a football match i where we were screaming - and cheering in our own ways, when we heard bilal say those words, "that's my brother," l as he came came through the arrival gates. - 0n the way out of the airport i caught up with stephen farry. his relief was palpable. i've been in politics for almost 30 years now, and i have to say this has probably been the most complex, the most emotional and ultimately the most rewarding case i've ever been involved with. this was a hugely dangerous situation. they were in huge danger staying in kabul, because of theirfamily association with bilal. thousands have fled taliban rule. many millions remain and cannot leave. even without further bloodshed, they now face the prospect of economic collapse and starvation as winter closes in. and a woman from donegal has the job of keeping them alive. so, we're trying to scale up. the race is on against the clock, against the winter clock, to reach 14 million people before the end of the year. i basically have to get 190,000 tonnes, and that's notjust one or two trucks in, you know, into the country and out into the communities before the snow starts. as director of the united nations world food programme in afghanistan, mary—ellen mcgroarty is on the ground assessing the problems. yeah, we've had no rain since spring. since spring time right? february. when are you expecting the rain again? when should it start? well, towards the end of october. the country is already suffering drought, and when winter hits, with temperatures down to —40 celsius, movement of anything becomes almost impossible. so all agencies are desperate to act now. the entire humanitarian sector, because, i mean, it's notjust the food and nutrition, but it's also shelter items as well to help people try and keep warm. so, all the different sectors now are really, you know, trying to stabilise the situation, a situation that continues to deteriorate every day and every week. can you give us a sense of some of the cases that you're encountering? people are coming in from the provinces because as the money has been cut off from the international community, the health services are collapsing in the provinces. and they're coming into the major towns. and they're coming in too late. i mean, in terms of the malnutrition for children, and you think, "oh, my goodness, we're not even in winter yet." i've met women who've told me, you know, they haven't eaten in three days. i've met, you know, men in the displacement camps and they have, because the jobs are gone, they have nothing to do. so, isaid, "how are you surviving?" they told me their wives are going to rubbish pits and picking up plastic and paper and trying to sell it, right? it terrifies me to see how quickly it's deteriorating. mary—ellen has had a long career in humanitarian work. she assumed her role in afghanistan a year ago, and despite the terror and mayhem of august, she never considered leaving. i wasn't leaving unless it became completely untenable for us to stay. and if we were leaving, of course, you know, we would have been one of the last out anyway because, i mean, that's what we do. i mean, we're here to try and save lives in crisis situations. 0k. thank you. yeah, yeah, beautiful. to ensure children like these don't starve, she must now work with the new taliban rulers and hope the future isn't as awful as many fear. i know, look at that. they do know us. they know our work. i have met two of the caretaker cabinet who are responsible, you know, for facilitating our work. and they've been willing to listen. but, of course, as we move forward, we continue to monitor the situation. michael semple is a keen runner and took part in the recent belfast marathon. he likens his work in afghanistan to that long—distance commitment. and believes his upbringing on these streets has helped prepare him for that role. being able to navigate northern ireland with due sensitivity enables you, or at least gives you a good head start in trying to understand where afghans are coming from, and successfully navigate afghanistan. though far from perfect, he feels the peace process in northern ireland could still offer lessons for afghanistan. i think that some of the things which went right in northern ireland were neglected in afghanistan and helped to explain why peace has still proven elusive. and one important lesson of northern ireland, according to michael semple, is that problems don't go away. politicians must stay the marathon course. keep hergoing. the war continues, which of course is a tragedy forafghanistan, potential source of instability in the region and globally. there must be a peace process. this isn't a happy ending. it's not a... it's certainly not happy, and it's not an ending. i caught up with tim mccullough for a specialjourney. he'd brought some supplies. so, what have we got, clothes, toys? clothes, toys, and then there's a little cot there. maybe that goes in at the bottom. baby supplies as well, yeah? and then the important bit, the green tea. afghans love their tea. that's good. ahead of us, a four—hour trip towards the west of ireland, and for tim, having agreed resignation terms with the navy, his first chance to meet the family he had helped rescue from a death sentence. will be interesting to see what their accommodation is like. you talk about being off the beaten track, this certainly feels like it, doesn't it? this small town in rural roscommon is an unlikely home to several refugee families from war—torn syria and afghanistan. the centre houses a number of different families, so due to sensitivities, we didn't film there, but met in nearby church grounds. it was the initial, as soon as iqbal came out, they... there was such raw emotions of pure joy. i knew they were safe here, but to see them and, you know, to have that first sort of connection was brilliant and then the rest of the familyjust kept coming out and every time they did there wasjust more and morejoy. i just felt absolutely brilliant, but, you know, one of the happiest days i've had in a very long time, i can tell you. jamal, bilal�*s younger brother, hopes to continue his university studies. his nephew, yasir, will start nursery school. sima, a doctor who escaped with the family, is taking english lessons and hopes to practice professionally. otherfamily members, including the girls back at the centre nearby, can restart education. the first thing they need to learn is language, then hopefully they will be able, because they have as much talent to start their education and to finish it over here. and one day you will hear about them, that they will have a big achievement in ireland and they will be the servant of ireland. for tim mccullough, it has meant leaving a secure career in the navy as he has turned his attention instead to working on getting others to safety. you must have had friends or family maybe saying to you in recent days, "tim, we respect what you're doing, but you're risking too much." there's been a few who have said that, but i've probably had more support than i have had those saying don't do it, but in the armed forces we're taught about moral courage, about doing the right thing, and this to me is the right thing. it's saving lives. it's what we as humans should be doing. we should be doing our very best to help other humans who are in a predicament not as good as ours. hello. we have had some drizzle and patchy light rain across parts of east anglia and south—east england this afternoon, but the main rain band is pushing in to the north and west of scotland. we can see it here on the earlier satellite picture, this bank of cloud, and it will continue on its journey south and eastward through this evening and overnight. some heavy and persistent rain also pushing into parts of northern ireland. it will be weakening as it moves its way south but we could see some patchy rain into the far north of england by dawn. further south, there will be some drizzle, particularly for western and eastern coasts and also over hills. there could be a few clearer slots across southern england, allowing temperatures to drop to 5 or 6 degrees. for most, it is a mild night, the lows between 7 and 10 degrees. that is the theme, really, for the week ahead, staying mild both by day and by night and most of the rain will be in the north and west of scotland. so into monday, we still have this front lingering, but it is running into high pressure, so it is weakening all the while. still a lot of cloud on it, still some patchy rain on monday morning across parts of southern scotland, initially, into northern england, maybe parts of wales and the far south—west of england. behind it, something much brighter with some sunshine across a large swathe of scotland and northern ireland, but ahead of it is still a lot of cloud for much of england and wales, with highs of 11—13. through monday evening and overnight the cloud base likely to lower across much of england and wales, bringing some patchy drizzle, but more persistent rain will be starting to approach the north and west of scotland and the winds will be strengthening as well, you can see the isobars much closer together here, so some wetter and windier weather through tuesday across northern ireland and northern and western scotland. that will tend to weaken as the day wears on, but some of that rain heavy and persistent. across england and wales, it should be mainly a dry day. maybe a few bright or sunny spells, but certainly a lot of cloud. highs again on tuesday typically 10—13. as we look a little bit further ahead, it looks like that frontal system we see on tuesday will be sliding its way across the uk, but once again running into high pressure, so most of the rain will tend to fizzle out and behind it what we start to see is some slightly cooler air digging in, so the chance of some showers across northern and western scotland on wednesday and they could well be wintry over the highest ground, but essentially for much of the week ahead it's looking mostly dry, if cloudy, mild by day and night, and much of the rain across the north and west of scotland. welcome to bbc news, i'm david eades. our top stories: the glasgow 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