the first country in western europe to re—enter a partial coronavirus lockdown this autumn hello and welcome to bbc news. world leaders have struck a landmark climate change deal aimed at reducing global warming, after two weeks of intense negotiations. the glasgow climate pact is the most significant of its kind since 2015 — but the pledges don't go far enough to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees celsius. our science correspondent victoria gill reports. hearing no objections it is so decided. after two weeks of sleepless nights and negotiations over every detail, a glasgow pact on climate change was finally agreed. it was almost derailed at the last moment as india requested a change, watering down a critical line about phasing out coal. and there were emotional scenes as cop president alok sharma acknowledged the disappointment over that concession and at what was at stake. may i just say to all delegates, i apologise for the way this process has unfolded and i am deeply sorry. i also understand the deep disappointment, but i think, as you have noted, it's also vital that we protect this package. silence in auditorium. applause. but, still, this climate pledge, signed off by 197 nations, has made history. this is the first cop agreement to mention fossilfuels, the very stuff of greenhouse gas emissions. but while prime minister boris johnson had previously talked about glasgow being the beginning of the end of climate change, reacting to this deal he sounded less certain. we can't kid ourselves, we haven't beaten climate change and it would be fatal to think that we have, because there is so much more that still needs to be done. but what we do have now is a viable roadmap. but environmental campaigners who've been watching this process for many years are encouraged by some of the pledges. climate change and the nature crisis, they are two sides of the same coin, we can't take them apart from each other and we need to have a response that takes both of those at the same time. so it's great declarations on forests, we've seen some good words on oceans at the same time, but we need to make sure they're really followed up with actions in the years ahead. the real test of what's been agreed to here in glasgow will be if all those commitments can be acted upon quickly enough, if that political process can catch up with the speed at which the world is warming up. for the most vulnerable nations, low—lying islands facing the most dangerous impacts of storms and sea level rise, this is a matter of life and death. i'm exhausted. but we not only fought a good fight, but we're going to live fight another day and we did so much that, as a very small island country, i can be deeply proud of. as nations are asked to come back in 2022 with more ambitious pledges to cut greenhouse gas emissions and catch up with the pace of climate change, tired negotiators are already planning for the next climate summit. victoria gill, bbc news, in glasgow. as we've reported, the glasgow climate pact will not limit warming to 1.5 degrees. so, what sort of increases are we likely to expect? currently, global temperatures are already 1.1 degrees over pre—industrial levels. if every nation carries out its long—term pledges we get to 1.8 degrees. but, if you look at what countries are actually doing, experts suggest the more likely outcome is 2.4 degrees. let's speak to jennifer morgan, executive director of greenpeace international. thank you for talking to us. what is your reaction to what has been agreed? i your reaction to what has been a . reed? ~ your reaction to what has been aareed? ~ , , your reaction to what has been aareed? ~' , , .,~ agreed? i think it is very weak and meek. it agreed? i think it is very weak and meek- it keeps — agreed? i think it is very weak and meek. it keeps the _ agreed? i think it is very weak and meek. it keeps the 1.5 _ agreed? i think it is very weak and meek. it keeps the 1.5 degrees . agreed? i think it is very weak and i meek. it keeps the 1.5 degrees goal barely alive. and i think the cole text sent a signal that the era of coal is really at the end. but clearly, they have to get it, they have to listen to these scientists because what happened here was not commensurate with what is needed and itjust commensurate with what is needed and it just did commensurate with what is needed and itjust did not meet the moment of what is happening around the world. what was going on in those last—minute negotiations when india wanted the wording on coal changed from a phased out to phased down and why it was a degree? i4541431111 from a phased out to phased down and why it was a degree?— why it was a degree? well i think what was happening _ why it was a degree? well i think what was happening is _ why it was a degree? well i think what was happening is that - why it was a degree? well i think what was happening is that you l why it was a degree? well i think i what was happening is that you had why it was a degree? well i think - what was happening is that you had a country that is not yet ready to go as quickly as needed to phase out coal. i think that is for a range of reasons. partially because of the lack of support and promises broken over the years by developed countries. and i think now is the pivot to actually doing the work on the ground because it's so clear that renewable, sustainable energy systems are much better for that renewable, sustainable energy systems are much betterfor india. it was agreed in a way because you had all countries there, you heard the deep disappointment there. but i guess countries felt that there was enoughin guess countries felt that there was enough in this agreement are some of the smaller islands, that they had to take it. and that's actually quite shameful. that the most poor and vulnerable countries do not get the assurances and the support that they need and the reductions they need to feel that they can stay in existence. , ., , need to feel that they can stay in existence. , . , , existence. there islands will be covered with _ existence. there islands will be covered with water _ existence. there islands will be covered with water if _ existence. there islands will be covered with water if only - existence. there islands will be covered with water if only the l covered with water if only the promises from this pact are carried out? ., promises from this pact are carried out? . ., , out? indeed. i mean, the leaders were suwosed — out? indeed. i mean, the leaders were supposed to _ out? indeed. i mean, the leaders were supposed to come - out? indeed. i mean, the leaders were supposed to come here - out? indeed. i mean, the leaders were supposed to come here and| out? indeed. i mean, the leaders- were supposed to come here and close that gap to 1.5 degrees. and they did not. i canjust say the that gap to 1.5 degrees. and they did not. i can just say the text thatis did not. i can just say the text that is in their own fossil fuels for the first time, on this coming back to the table next year, that was because of the work of the vulnerable countries to the activists, to use, indigenous people's, trying to hold this together. but it'sjust, we people's, trying to hold this together. but it's just, we cannot have another summit like this, young people cannot stand another summit like this and i hope the negotiators and the leaders just think about that this morning when they are sitting there, feeling hopefully a bit shameful about what they did not do here in glasgow. let’s bit shameful about what they did not do here in glasgow.— do here in glasgow. let's talk about what they did _ do here in glasgow. let's talk about what they did do. _ do here in glasgow. let's talk about what they did do. the _ do here in glasgow. let's talk about what they did do. the us _ do here in glasgow. let's talk about what they did do. the us and - do here in glasgow. let's talk about what they did do. the us and china| what they did do. the us and china pledged to work together to boost climate cooperation over the next decade. that's said to be a good thing, obviously cuts to methane, promises to stop deforestation by 2030, yes there has been a promise to do that before and they have not followed it through but there is more money behind at this time? i think the us china agreement is important, especially in the world where those countries are not getting along very well, it is essential they work together on climate change and it is essential thatis climate change and it is essential that is just the floor of action, that is just the floor of action, that they move much deeper into the us and to implementation, getting a law passed that would actually assure the world they are going to reduce and china continuing to implement at reducing its call, peaking earlier. and i think these other agreements, peaking earlier. and i think these otheragreements, i peaking earlier. and i think these other agreements, i think the one that i think was important was actually the commitment by 20 countries to end financing of fossil fuels around the world. that's part of the signalling acts going out of the summit which is the thing i think gives me a bit of help because thatis think gives me a bit of help because that is the real economy, the financial actors are sending a signal that that isjust financial actors are sending a signal that that is just not going to be tenable any more the future. thank you. thank you for talking to us. so much information coming out of that deal. let's take a look at some of the key points from the final agreement. it is the first climate deal to explicitly plan to reduce coal, the worst fossil fuel for greenhouse gases. but earlier commitment to "phase out" coal was changed to "phase down" after india opposed it along with china, south africa, bolivia and iran. countries have also agreed to meet again next year to pledge further major carbon cuts with the aim of reaching the goal of 1.5 c. current pledges, if fulfilled, will only limit global temperatures to about 2.4c. the deal also promises more money for developing countries — to help them adapt to the impacts of climate change. let's speak now to harpreet kaur paul — human rights lawyer and a climate finance researcher at warwick university. thank you for talking to us. what do you pick out from this deal that you think is good news? i you pick out from this deal that you think is good news?— think is good news? i think that havin: think is good news? i think that having reference _ think is good news? i think that having reference to _ think is good news? i think that having reference to coal- think is good news? i think that having reference to coal and - think is good news? i think that i having reference to coal and fossil fuels is good news. it's incredible we have had decades of negotiations where the root of the problem has not been mentioned. and i think one of the promising steps comes from outside the process with the beyond oil and gas alliance. that was an initiative started by denmark and costa rica, countries coming together to commit to phasing out fossil fuels so there are some promising steps. unfortunately, the climate financing pledges that were made over a decade ago, really have not been made or delivered in any meaningful way. and that issue has poisoned climate negotiations for decades and this summit was really no different. d0 decades and this summit was really no different-— no different. do you think there is a massive gap _ no different. do you think there is a massive gap between _ no different. do you think there is a massive gap between the - no different. do you think there is i a massive gap between the rhetoric and the actual action? i a massive gap between the rhetoric and the actual action?— and the actual action? i think when ou look and the actual action? i think when you look at — and the actual action? i think when you look at the _ and the actual action? i think when you look at the oil— and the actual action? i think when you look at the oil and _ and the actual action? i think when you look at the oil and gas - and the actual action? i think when you look at the oil and gas projects that the uk has planned down the pipeline, it gives the context as to why countries like india might be a little bit dubious about the difference between what the difference between what the difference that have contributed most to emissions are saying and what actually doing. we have a context where ba rclays what actually doing. we have a context where barclays and hsbc are some of the beggars providers of finance to fossil fuels in europe and the context where pledges for climate finance have been double counted, previous commitments for humanitarian aid and development have been double counted, loans have been counted and so countries that are experiencing climate change induced famines, storms that are increasingly severe, they are ravaging through crops and communities. really wanted to see from this climate summit some commitments to address the loss and damage already in motion. and negotiators came to this conference to set up commitments that would help motivate vulnerable people. ii help motivate vulnerable people. if you had to sum up this deal... i'm so sorry to interrupt, if you had to sum up this deal, how would you describe it?— sum up this deal, how would you describe it? probably the weakest ossible, describe it? probably the weakest possible. the _ describe it? probably the weakest possible, the least _ describe it? probably the weakest possible, the least worst - describe it? probably the weakestl possible, the least worst outcome. and nobody is going away from this deal happy, unfortunately and that is a star, given that the un secretary general says we now have a code red for humanity, the un special trumpeter has called the context of climate apartheid, for those least responsible or on the front line of climate change impacts and what needs to be delivered. and i think a lot of us are going to be looking to push banks and local authorities to make transitions between now and the next summit because we cannot wait for the urgent action that is needed. thank ou so urgent action that is needed. thank you so much _ urgent action that is needed. thank you so much for— urgent action that is needed. thank you so much for talking _ urgent action that is needed. thank you so much for talking to - urgent action that is needed. thank you so much for talking to us. - urgent action that is needed. thank you so much for talking to us. thank you. bringing you this breaking news. we were expecting the queen to attend the remembrance sunday service at the cenotaph in london today. we have just heard from buckingham palace that the queen, having spent her back, we are told, has decided with great regret this morning that she will not be able to go along to the service at the cenotaph. the statement says her majesty is disappointed that she will miss the service as in previous years, the statement goes on, a wreath will be laid on her behalf by the prince of wales, his royal highness, along with the duchess of cornwall, the duke and duchess of cambridge, the earl and countess of wessex, the princess royal and vice admiral sir timothy laurence. the queen, having sprained her back, we are told, has decided with great regret this morning, according to the palace, she will not be able after all to attend the remembrance sunday service at the cenotaph today. it was going to be her first public appearance i should say for three weeks having been taken into hospital. let's talk to our correspondent who is at the cenotaph. that news willjust be filtering through. people will understand but they will also be disappointed? i understand but they will also be disappointed?— understand but they will also be disappointed? understand but they will also be disa ointed? ~ , .,, , disappointed? i think people will be disappointed. _ disappointed? i think people will be disappointed. of — disappointed? i think people will be disappointed, of course. _ disappointed? i think people will be disappointed, of course. as - disappointed? i think people will be disappointed, of course. as you - disappointed? i think people will be | disappointed, of course. as you say, i think everyone knows and understands that this is a day that is particularly special for the queen, it is one that she has rarely missed an altarfor years queen, it is one that she has rarely missed an altar for years as the monarch. i think, missed an altar for years as the monarch. ithink, yes, while there may be disappointment, certainly people will understand that if she has taken that step, it is for a good reason. you can probably hear, proceedings are starting to get under way, we are starting to see the public beginning to gather here. it is very different from last year. when we had a no crowds at all and barely any veterans taking part. and i think for those, it is such a special event, for so many veterans, it will be really important that we are somewhat back to normal. i am joined by ben shred, a navy photographer, recently come back from being posted in afghanistan. tell me what stood out to you from your time there? i tell me what stood out to you from your time there?— tell me what stood out to you from your time there? i think what stood out most for _ your time there? i think what stood out most for me _ your time there? i think what stood out most for me in _ your time there? i think what stood out most for me in the _ your time there? i think what stood out most for me in the operation i your time there? i think what stood out most for me in the operation in| out most for me in the operation in afghanistan was the empathy and compassion that i saw from all three of the _ compassion that i saw from all three of the services out in afghanistan. watching — of the services out in afghanistan. watching the raf, royal navy and the army watching the raf, royal navy and the arrny work— watching the raf, royal navy and the army work together it made me very proud _ army work together it made me very proud to— army work together it made me very proud to he — army work together it made me very proud to be part of the british military, _ proud to be part of the british military, proud that we are out there _ military, proud that we are out there helping the afghan people, and it was_ there helping the afghan people, and it was more of a story of humanity rather— it was more of a story of humanity rather than — it was more of a story of humanity rather than military for me. we were s-ueakin if rather than military for me. we were speaking if you _ rather than military for me. we were speaking if you moments _ rather than military for me. we were speaking if you moments ago - rather than military for me. we were speaking if you moments ago about | speaking if you moments ago about how important this particular day is for all members of the armed services, tell us about that. i for all members of the armed services, tell us about that. i am a fourth generation _ services, tell us about that. i am a fourth generation serviceman, - services, tell us about that. i am a fourth generation serviceman, my| fourth generation serviceman, my brother, _ fourth generation serviceman, my brother, my father, both my grandfathers and my grandmother were all in the _ grandfathers and my grandmother were all in the military so it's an important day for me, personally but i important day for me, personally but i know _ important day for me, personally but i know it _ important day for me, personally but i know it is _ important day for me, personally but i know it is for every serviceman, and the _ i know it is for every serviceman, and the families, the ones who get left behind when we deploy. it is an important _ left behind when we deploy. it is an important day for them and what is lovely— important day for them and what is lovely here — important day for them and what is lovely here are seeing the veterans back marching down the street. last year. _ back marching down the street. last year. they— back marching down the street. last year, they were not here, i was here in 2019— year, they were not here, i was here in 2019 with — year, they were not here, i was here in 2019 with the prime minister. it's in 2019 with the prime minister. it'sjust— in 2019 with the prime minister. it'sjust great to in 2019 with the prime minister. it's just great to see people back, walking _ it's just great to see people back, walking on — it's just great to see people back, walking on the streets and to see the public— walking on the streets and to see the public here to support us. | walking on the streets and to see the public here to support us. i was auoin to the public here to support us. i was going to ask — the public here to support us. i was going to ask you. — the public here to support us. i was going to ask you, very _ the public here to support us. i —" going to ask you, very important for the public, so many people coming out so early. the public, so many people coming out so early-— the public, so many people coming out so earl . ~ ., ., , ., ., ., out so early. what does that mean to ou? it out so early. what does that mean to you? it means _ out so early. what does that mean to you? it means the _ out so early. what does that mean to you? it means the world _ out so early. what does that mean to you? it means the world to _ out so early. what does that mean to you? it means the world to us, - out so early. what does that mean to you? it means the world to us, we i out so early. what does that mean to | you? it means the world to us, we do ourioh_ you? it means the world to us, we do ourioh for— you? it means the world to us, we do ourjob for them, for the public, we could _ ourjob for them, for the public, we could not— ourjob for them, for the public, we could not do— ourjob for them, for the public, we could not do it without their support, _ could not do it without their support, and the support of our families— support, and the support of our families so— support, and the support of our families so it's a very special day for all— families so it's a very special day for all of— families so it's a very special day for all of us _ families so it's a very special day for all of us— families so it's a very special day for all of us. ., ,, i. . ., for all of us. thank you so much for our for all of us. thank you so much for your time- — for all of us. thank you so much for your time. award-winning - for all of us. thank you so much for your time. award-winning navy - your time. award—winning navy photographer there. and we are just a couple of hours awake now from the silence and that really poignant moment, we are really taking in the atmosphere here and what it's like having a remembrance sunday that is more like what we are used to. thank ou so more like what we are used to. thank you so much- — more like what we are used to. thank you so much- of— more like what we are used to. thank you so much. of course, _ more like what we are used to. thank you so much. of course, we - more like what we are used to. thank you so much. of course, we will- you so much. of course, we will bring you the commemorations in a couple of hours. just in case you're justjoining us, to let you know that the queen, having sprained her back, we are told, buckingham palace has informed us that it is with great regret she will not be able to attend the remembrance sunday service at the cenotaph. it was announced she would go having been into hospital three weeks or so ago, she has not made a public appearance for three weeks and this would be her first back about the palace says she will not now go along. they say her majesty is disappointed that she will miss the service. remembrance events are being held around the world — but this year, there will be no gathering at the british military cemetery in kabul. that follows the rise to power in afghanistan of the taliban. our world affairs editor john simpson is there — and he sent this update. we are in the british cemetery in the centre of kabul, an oasis of peace and quiet and greenery. it has actually been used and is being used by the british to bury their soldiers since the 1839 war. and throughout the times since then. but now, it has become the place to commemorate the people who have died, they are not buried here, but who have died since the 2001 war which throughout the taliban and has been fought quite bitterly ever since. what is different this year is that there is no official commemoration. no british presence whatsoever. the british embassy is entirely empty. and there is, among these five reeds, four of them are old, from years past, but the one in the middle, the fresh —looking one with the red flowers on it, was put here only three days ago on the 11th of november. ordered, apparently, bite somebody from canada. there is a large number of canadian names on the wall over there. canadians were second only to the british, apart from the americans, in the deaths in afghanistan. and there are others, south africans commemorated there. spanish, and so on. but these are the british names. a56 is the kind of accepted number of british soldiers and civilians who died, these are all, in fact, military people. and you can see, i mean, it's a really large number of names. these tables, these commemorative tables, are made locally, they her perhaps not quite what they might be if this was in britain. but it is a very, very moving business to read the names here. that wasjohn simpson reporting. the uk home secretary, priti patel, will hold talks this week with her french counterpart, gerald darmanin, to discuss migrant crossings. it comes after number of migrants arriving in the uk in small boats from france has hit a new peak for a single day. over 1,000 people crossed the channel on thursday. with me is our correspondent simonjones. what will they discuss? the message from priti patel is a shared problem that requires shared solutions. priti patel in a statement said britain and france are already working very closely together to try to stop boats launching from beaches in northern france and trying to tackle the people smugglers organising the crossings. but she says the two countries need to go further and faster. it's not entirely clear what she means by this, whether there will be any new solutions proposed, new ideas put on the table, when this meeting takes place later this week but i think it's fair to say over the past few days, there's been a bit of a war of words between britain and france after 1185 migrants reach the uk on 33 boats on thursday. you had the prime minister borisjohnson sein france needed to police their beaches. some suggestion that there was a reluctance on the part of france to do this. you had france heading back, saying we are working day and night to try and stop the crossings, trying to prevent lives being lost. last time eddie patel met her french counterpart was back in september here in london and i think it's fair to say the meeting did not go well at all because britain had just promised france £5a million to try to stop the crossings. increased patrols on beachesin crossings. increased patrols on beaches in northern france but britain said that money was dependent upon results, france said that clauses new to us and you had the french counterpart accusing britain of financial blackmail but you have this war of words taking place. these rows. the crossings are continuing in record numbers and people losing their lives.- people losing their lives. simon, thank you- _ record coronavirus infections and rising intensive care cases has resulted in a new partial lockdown in the netherlands — the first country in western europe to do so this autumn. three weeks of restrictions were announced by prime minister mark rutte on friday. anna holligan sent this report. under the new dutch rules, bars, cafes and restaurants can serve until 8pm and diners need to show a covid entry pass. this three—week long lockdown—lite is designed to limit social interactions in response to a sharp increase in infections. a record number of new cases recorded in just one day this week. they remain stubbornly high. normally everybody is sitting here having dinner. and drinks, dinner. it's empty. yep. crazy. it costs money. people think it's not fair because i know there's covid—19. but for two hours, what's the difference, four hours? they are going to have parties in their house now. so you're not going to solve the problem, actually. a maximum of four visitors a day are allowed at home but this measure is especially difficult to police. other entrepreneurs have vowed to ignore the early last orders rule. klaxons. anti—lockdown, antivax protesters and conspiracy propagators who hurled fireworks at riot police dominated the headlines, they represent only a minority. most people here in the netherlands reluctantly agreed that sacrificing parts of their social lives will contribute to the greater good. the dutch are displaying a determination to live within the limitations. but many are increasingly asking when will this be over? anna holligan, bbc news, the hague. the international best—selling author wilbur smith has died at his home in cape town at the age of 88. he wrote more than a0 novels, starting with when the lion feeds in 196a. it led to a 19—book series following the fictional courtney family from the 16605 to the 1900s. let's just tell you the news about the queen. regarding the remembrance sunday service. showers going to be going long but the palace have announced she has decided with great regret, they say, she will not be able to attend after all. having sprained her back. her majesty, we are told, is disappointed. good morning. there's been a fair bit of cloud around in areas today but equally a little bit of sunshine here and there. quite a few people have seen the sunshine break through the cloud where you have it as we go through the day. just across the board, though, it is a mild day, even after the chilly start in parts of aberdeenshire, but it's towards the north and west of scotland you see this whiter cloud from earlier pushing on from the atlantic, this is going to produce heavy rain we go through the day, for the highlands and islands in particular. you can see it pushing on with the strengthening breeze. still a bit of drizzle through eastern scotland into the start of the afternoon, still some bouts of rain or drizzle, east anglia, the south—east, but even those will become less numerous through the day. and a bit cloudy around the western coasts but for most it will be a dry afternoon, light winds but pleasant enough where sun shines through. most other areas around 11—13 . this evening and overnight. clear skies across england and wales, scotland and northern ireland, wet weather to come. some of the rain heavy at times, pushing south and east, leading to a chilly night tonight across the highlands and islands, and western parts of northern ireland, cooler toward some areas of england and wales, clear skies, mist and fog forming. for monday, we see the weather front across scotland and northern ireland work its way and northern ireland work its way and ground to a halt in northern england, parts of north and west wales. it turns dampier through the day, heavier rain in towards snowdonia but scotland and northern ireland, it's brighter, early rain in the south and east clearing, isolated showers in the fourth north—west. across the midlands and east anglia, most places are dry, the mist and fog should lift to a few sunny spells, temperatures similar today, few sunny spells, temperatures similartoday, cooler few sunny spells, temperatures similar today, cooler in parts of scotland and northern ireland. into the week ahead, slightly cooler at midway, temperatures around average, gets milder again. midway, temperatures around average, gets milderagain. rain midway, temperatures around average, gets milder again. rain most likely across the north, because you are close to these low pressure areas in iceland, whether francis scooting by, windy at times, some bands of heavy rain, scattering showers, peppering western scotland through the week. further south, peppering western scotland through the week. furthersouth, little peppering western scotland through the week. further south, little bit of rain in northern ireland, and northern england, further south, most places are staying dry with the glimmer of sunshine and staying pretty mild. goodbye for now. this is bbc news. i'm victoria derbyshire. the headlines: in the last few minutes it's been announced the queen will not attend today's remembrance day service in london after spraining her back. a new global climate deal is struck in glasgow but pledges still aren't enough to limit warming to 1.5 degrees. but a previous commitment to phase out coal is watered down at the last—minute by india and china. and the netherlands becomes the first country in western europe to re—enter a partial coronavirus lockdown this autumn.