stepping up humanitarian aid for migrants trapped on its border, but the european union says belarus is playing politics. doctors in sudan say at least five protesters have been killed in the latest mass rally against military rule. at least 68 people have been killed in deadly clashes between rival drugs gangs in a prison in ecuador. the un climate summit in glasgow has adopted a new agreement, called the glasgow climate pact, aimed at curbing global warming. but many say the deal is a disappointment. the summit�*s british president has apologised for the way the process unfolded, but said the agreement would keep within reach the goal of limiting temperature rises to 1.5 degrees. many countries say the final text has been watered down, and the un secretary general said the world was still knocking on the door of a climate catastrophe. our science editor david shukman has this analysis. relief after a long and stressful fortnight. the conference faced challenges right to the end. the day began with confusion and uncertainty. a delivery of what looks like pizza boxes. in fact, documents for the un secretary—general. a great deal was at stake. we have had two incredibly intense weeks of negotiations in glasgow, and we arrive at what i believe is the moment of truth, and this is the moment of truth for our planet, and a moment of truth for our children and our grandchildren. negotiators broke up into huddles, a rare glimpse of bargaining that normally happens behind closed doors. the american envoyjohn kerry with china's chief negotiator, arguing line by line about fossilfuels. china and india are worried about slowing down their development. how can anyone expect developing countries to make promises about phasing out coal and fossil fuel subsidies? developing countries have still to deal with the development agendas and poverty eradication. then alok sharma, the conference chair, began his own shuttle diplomacy, first trying to persuade the chinese to support the agreement, next checking in with the americans, and then with the indian delegation. in the end, one of the biggest obstacles in these talks was over the future of coal. the early draft had talked about phasing out this dirtiest of fossil fuels, but after a last—minute flurry negotiations, that was changed to phasing down. it sounds like a minor alteration, and indeed, many are asking what it means. coal is the biggest single source of greenhouse gas, but countries that depend on it managed to get the agreement watered down, which left others very unhappy. let us be clear, we do not need to phase down, but to phase out coal and fossil fuel subsidies. we know full well that coal has no future, and this is what we are working on with our own plans to put an end to coal in europe in the foreseeable future. it is also vital that we protect this package. | faced with all of this, alok sharma's emotions got the better of him. were things going wrong? but enough countries were reluctantly giving their support. we do so only, and i really want to stress, only because there are critical elements of this package that people in my country need as a lifeline for the future. history has been made here in glasgow. that is for others to judge. when we see of the pledges made here to reduce emissions and to boost aid to the poorest nations have actually delivered for years to come. at the heart of the two weeks of talks was the aim of keeping temperatures as close to i.5c above pre—industrial levels as possible, to avoid the worst effects of climate change. so what sort of impact will the agreement have on global temperatures, and on the way we all live? here's our science correspondent, rebecca morelle. piece by piece, after two weeks of intense negotiations, uniting people from all over the world, a plan for the future of our planet has come together. but will it stop temperatures rising over 1.5 degrees? at the start of the conference, every country submitted plans to cut their greenhouse gas emissions, and scientists have been crunching the numbers. global temperatures are already 1.1 degrees over pre—industrial levels. if every nation carries out its long—term pledges, we get to 1.8 degrees. but if you look at what countries are actually doing, the more likely outcome is 2.4 degrees. this is more progress on climate than we've seen before. but, in an absolute sense, we are miles and miles away from where we need to be, and we are still on course for really catastrophic warming. the glasgow conference clearly hasn't solved the problem, but will some aspects of what's happened here keep 1.5 alive? coal, the most polluting fossil fuel, will be reduced but not phased out. some nations will cut methane, a potent greenhouse gas. tackling deforestation has been promised, too. and importantly, countries are being asked to return next year with better plans to cut emissions. we need these governments to really come back with an honest action. notjust empty pledges, not just about net zero by 2050, but the actions that they're going to take in the short term. so, how will the glasgow agreement affect all of us? how are our lives going to change? ultimately, this will impact everything from how we get around to the food we eat and how we heat our homes. but this will take time. 0ur fragile planet is already changing, and while there has been progress in glasgow and 1.5 degrees hasn't been lost, it will take a monumental effort to stop temperatures from rising above that. rebecca morelle, bbc news, glasgow. harjeet singh is a senior advisor for climate action network international, he's been part of the negotiations in glasgow but told me the outcome is disappointing. this deal clearly doesn't go far enough and in fact fails to respond to the urgency of climate action and doesn't affect ambition or even balance, because poor people as you must be hearing are not happy because they have not got any support to recover from climate impacts they are already facing or what we call loss and damage under the un terminology. your work focuses on developing countries in particular, what would many of these countries like to have seen in this final agreement? we have been calling for a balance between mitigation and adaptation finance which means $50 billion must go to adaptation, we have to recognise the fact that markets don't provide money for adaptation, so $100 billion becomes really important for developing nations and 50% at least should go for adaptation, and the current level of financing is about $20 billion a year and that, the doubling of that has been agreed but pushed to 2025, which means that by 2025, developing countries are going to get only $40 billion a year and this is a long—pending demand of keeping it at the level of at least $50 billion a year. plus, they don't get any support from the system to recover from climate impacts and there was a major demand from developing countries to set up a glasgow loss and damage facility which has been brushed aside by rich nations. arguably a vague deal is better than no deal in one of the key points of this agreement is that countries will meet more often, certainly more often than once every five years. what is your take on that? well, that is something positive, only if countries come every year with increased targets and more financing for developing countries so that they can also enhance their target. so that has been mentioned and even now in the next 12 months when we go to egypt for the next conference, they have been asked to revise their targets upwards. there was this conversation about phasing down coal rather than phasing out but the phasing down came from developing countries, so isn't it the case that developing countries could also be doing more themselves? well, we have to talk about equity, we have to talk about fair shares. developing countries are least responsible for the crisis that we are facing. current crisis is because of the historical emissions by the global market by rich nations and the reality is that developing countries are not getting financial support to make that transition and that is exactly what india was calling for, that we will phase down and we need support and that language was inserted and we also have two recognise that 100 million people in india still do not have access to electricity. 0ne quarter of the population still lives with poverty, so with those challenges, india needs timespace and support and that has not been provided, and another important thing i must mention, when we talk about fossil fuels, it is not just about coal, it is also about oil and gas but rich nations only focused on coal because they continue to drill oil and gas in their own backyard, so it is not a balanced agreement where we just push developing countries on coal and not bring in oil and gas in the same paragraph that has been agreed. let's get some of the day's other news. the netherlands has brought in a partial covid lockdown, the first country in western europe to do so this autumn. bars, cafes and restaurants will have to close their doors at 8:00pm, and customers will need covid passes. the husband of nazanin zaghari ratcliffe, the dual british—iranian citizen who's been held in iran forfive years on spying charges, has ended his hunger strike. richard ratcliffe has been camped outside the foreign office in london for the past three weeks, refusing all food, in an attempt to get the uk government to do more to bring his wife back to the uk. the best—selling south african author, wilbur smith, has died at the age of 88. he wrote more than a0 novels, starting with when the lion feeds in 1964. it spawned a 19—book series following the fictional courtney family from the 1660s to the 1900s. we'll have more on the outcome of cop26 later in the bulletin, but first let's get some other news. belarus says it's stepping up the provision of aid to migrants trapped on the border with poland. poland says belarus is provoking a surge in people trying to cross in to the european union as revenge for eu sanctions. it says belarusian security forces tried to break part of a border fence in an attempt to let some of those people through. some 2,000 people, many of them iraqi kurds, are camped on the belarusian side of the frontier. 0ur correspondent steve rosenberg sent this report from inside belarus, close to the polish border. winter is coming in belarus, so at the migrant camp, they're gathering whatever they can to build some shelter. but for the people camping out, there is little protection and no—one knows how long they're going to be here. we can't stay more, because the weather is too cold — people may die here from cold. so, you'll have to go back to your country, no? never. we never go back. better to die here, no go back to our country. poland is so close. they're living on the eu's doorstep. poland now has 15,000 troops in this area guarding europe's border. these people have come to belarus with one aim — to try to use this country to get to europe. and look how close they've got — the european union is almost within touching distance. but, as you can see, poland is determined not to let them through. many of these people are from the middle east. the eu has accused belarus of facilitating theirjourney here, of bringing them to the border to pressure europe. belarus denies that. as for the migrants, they are desperate to leave here. we want to go. we don't want to stay here. where do you want to go? europe, or us, or canada — don't matter. belarusian police are trying to keep order... go back! please, go back! ..but there has been a delivery of humanitarian aid. this is what happens when you're hungry and cold. well, this is the chaos of the migrant camp. aid is being distributed — in this case, blankets and clothes — and people are desperate to receive it. the police are struggling to maintain control. they're telling people to get down while the aid is being given out. sit down! for these people, at this moment, their priority isn't europe, it's survival. steve rosenberg, bbc news, on the border of belarus and poland. a reminder of our top story: the un climate summit has ended in glasgow with an agreement to strenghthen emissions—cutting targets for 2030. a last minute intervention from india watered down the deal. the final text changed the expression �*phasing out�* of coal to �*phasing down�* leaving many nations deeply disappointed. a doctors�* group in sudan says security forces have killed five protesters attending mass pro—democracy demonstrations. these are the latest pictures. tens of thousands of people angry at last month's military coup have been rallying in towns and cities across sudan. 0ur correspondent sally nabil is in khartoum. protesters here are chanting slogans against their military rulers. they stand against the coup staged by the army last october, and they want to have a civilian government take place. on our way here, we have seen heavy security presence, in different parts of the capital. we have also seen some streets and bridges closed. just a short while ago, security forces arrived here and tear gassed some of the protesters but they have managed to regroup. the political scene here at the moment is quite complicated. the head of the now dissolved civilian government, mr abdalla hamdok, is still under house arrest. we've see many of the protesters here hold up his picture. some other politicians are still behind bars too. what infuriated the crowds here even more is the step taken lately by sudan's army chief, abdel fattah al—burhan. he has decided to lead a new ruling sovereign council, which includes army generals and civilians he has picked. the people here feel he's just ignoring them, he's not listening. translation: we want - abdel fattah al-burhan to stop creating divisions in this country and to leave office. we want a civilian rule. translation: we are fed up with military rule, - we have had enough of them. the military has done no good to any arab country. as you can see, there are clouds of smoke here as a result of car tyres being burned currently. public anger is rising here and western pressure is growing on military leaders to hand over power to a civilian government. western countries have also called for the release of all political detainees but so far the army generals seem to be proceeding with their own plans, despite local and international pressure. sudan is now standing at a crossroads and the path to the future is quite uncertain. in ecuador, police reinforcements have been sent in to secure an infamous prison, after another deadly riot started by rival gangs. at least 68 people have been killed and more than two—dozen injured in the latest violence, as fighting intensifies between warring drug cartels. courtney bembridge reports. family and friends of the inmates gathered outside of the prison desperate for information. a list of victims was taped to oppose. 0thers was taped to oppose. others don't what happened through harrowing footage and photos shared on social media. dozens of prisoners were killed in clashes which started on friday evening and lasted for almost eight hours. police eventually forced their way in and found guns and explosives. authorities that started as a territorial dispute between rival gangs after one of the ringleaders was released early. translation: $5 ringleaders was released early. translation:— ringleaders was released early. translation: as this section of the present _ translation: as this section of the present was _ translation: as this section of the present was without - translation: as this section of the present was without a - the present was without a ringleader, other gangs tried to subdue the and a total massacre occurred. approximately 700 prisoners are in that part of the prison. just two months ago, at this same prison, and other deadly riot. soldiers had to be brought in to take control of the complex. it was i was mother for gang—related violence for ecuador�*s history and the government is us for support to combat gang violence. courtney bembridge, bbc news. let's go back to our top story. the un climate summit has finally reached a deal aimed at limiting global warming, but some countries have voiced dismay at a last—minute change which waters down commitments on getting rid of coal. and representatives from low—lying island nations expressed disappointment. the marshall islands climate envoy, tina stege, told my colleague christian fraser why the deal does not go far enough. it was a real blow. we had been told that there would be no further changes to the text, and we had already swallowed some changes that were very difficult to swallow, and that came at the end, and...as i said in my statement in the planerary, there are other pieces of that package that are critical that we fought really hard to get and that are part of the lifeline that people in my country need. and so what we took it, but i needed to express the deep disappointment that we felt about having to do that. india is a very big place in the room, naturally. and i guess alok sharma as the president took the view that he wouldn't get this across the line unless he bowed to what they were saying. was it as simple as they wouldn't have backed the whole document had he not made that change? as i said, we were not in the room. and perhaps if we had been, i could answer your question, but i can't tell you, but i think for us particularly, the very small island states, we come here to speak, to be heard, and for that to happen, we need to be in the room. so, this is where we are. we do have a package that has doubling of adaptation finance, which is something that the high ambition coalition really brought up, brought to the table, and there are also other pieces of the package that reflect the leader statement that we put out last week. so really, really important pieces that, you know, we could not afford to lose. and that we hope gives us a basis for more progress. it has to. this has to be the basis for more progress, much more accelerated progress over the next year up to cop27. the climate activist greta thunberg isn't impressed with the outcome at cop26. taking to her official handle on twitter, thunberg wrote, "the #cop26 is over. here's a brief summary: blah, blah, blah. but the real work continues outside these halls. and we will never give up, ever." nigel topping, is the un high level climate action champion for cop26. christian asked him to respond to this kind of criticism. we really need to elevate the conversation a bit higher than throwing accusations of "blah blah blah" and it is all green wash and it's all based on offsets and it's alljust long—term, it's not short—term, because none of those are true. we can't say, let's be honest and then throw away dismissive comments like that. there is real progress here and it is not enough. there is real progress. this glasgow climate pact has enshrined 1.5 degrees as the north star. that was unimaginable in madrid just two years ago. it has got everybody committed to coming back to ratchet their commitments next year and the year after, not waiting to 2025, because we know that 1.5 degrees is still not actually the sum of all ambition. and throughout these two weeks we've seen really substantive committments in the short—term for real money on real solutions, to mitigation, to adaptation and to loss and damage. so this is a very significant step forward, and it is not enough so we should neither celebrate the saving of the world nor dismiss this as mere hot air, because it is neither of those, it is much more nuanced. still with us from energy and climate intelligence unit, she was saying, don't forget, the uk still has the presidency. so what do we do next? what happens in the coming weeks and months, as frans timmermans�*s just said, the real hard work starts tomorrow. what we do next? well, i think everybody who has made commitments needs to back them up with concrete plans. and the good news is, we're not talking about 2050 commitments, we're talknig about 2025, 2030 commitments. it's on the watch of the ceo or the mayor or the prime minister or president who made them, notjust kicking the can down the road. the plans need to be enacted and we need to see the results of those and a lot of those plans are about allocation of money and if you're a mayor or a ceo and you said you're going to do something, if you're to start buying electric buses, one of the keys, it is based on momentum building since paris and it is now starting to go exponential whether it is buses, sales of electric cars, some of these announcements are about decarbonising shipping. 200 companies, loads of countries committing to green shipping corridors, green hydrogen, companies saying that will only by zero carbon freight. we are confident we can bring the dates earlier as the costs come down and we get more confident. much more on that deal on the bbc website. you can reach me on twitter. i'm @ richpreston from me and the rest of the team, thank you for watching. see you next time. hello there. part one of the weekend was a little bit dull for many of us. we held onto cloudy skies, sunshine was limited. it is going to be pretty similar, i think, for sunday with limited sunshine, a lot of cloud around and there will be some rain as well — particularly across the north—west of the uk, closer to this area of low pressure and its weather front. but further south, it's higher pressure, barely any isobars, so the winds will be light. but it is still going to be relatively mild for the time of year, particularly towards the western side of the country, as we draw up the south—westerly breeze. now, we start sunday morning off on a rather cloudy note. there could be a little bit of sunshine, too, but also some mist and fog patches to watch out for. i think into the afternoon, much of england and wales should tend to see more holes breaking in the cloud with some sunny spells. a few showers across the south—east there, but the wettest and breeziest of the weather will be across the north and west of scotland, perhaps north—western parts of northern ireland. 11—14 celsius — pretty mild — but we could see 15 degrees for belfast. now, as we head through sunday night, that weather front in the north—west begins to sink southwards and eastwards. but as it's running into an area of high pressure, it will begin to fizzle out, so the rain will get lighter. there will be some heavier bursts on it, i think, during sunday night. those temperatures range from 6—11 degrees. so this weather front will be sinking slowly south—eastwards, almost grinding to a halt. as it pushes into that area of high pressure, it will fizzle out through the day. so we start off with some patchy rain for southern scotland, just pushing into parts of north west england and north west wales, but you can see it fades away and just leaves no more than a band of cloud. behind it, skies brighten for scotland and northern ireland — just a few blustery showers but a much better day. further south and east, another rather cloudy one for much of england and wales — limited sunshine once again. temperatures 11—12, maybe 13 celsius. as we move through the rest of the week, it stays milder, even turns very mild at times, particularly across southern areas, and most of the wind and the rain will be confined to the north of the uk, as you can see here. as we run through tuesday into wednesday, it's low pressure to the north of the uk which will bring these spells of wet and windy weather further south, closer to this area of high pressure. this is where we will see the light winds and the more settled conditions. but you'll see how mild it is — temperatures reaching the mid—teens at times, particularly across southern areas. quite a bit of cloud around, limited sunshine with most of the rain confined to northern areas. see you later. this is bbc news, the headlines: the un climate summit has ended in glasgow with an agreement to strenghthen emissions—cutting targets for 2030. summit president, alok sharma, said the agreement would keep within reach the goal of limiting temperature rises to 1.5 degrees celsius. but said the deal would only survive if countries kept their promises. a last minute intervention from india watered down the deal. the final text changed the expression �*phasing out�* of coal to �*phasing down�*, leaving many nations deeply disappointed. the un secretary general said the world was still knocking on the door of a climate catastrophe. belarus has said it's stepping up humanitarian support to migrants trapped on the border with poland. it's been accused by the european union of cynically using them as political pawns, by engineering a surge in retaliation for eu sanctions against minsk. a famous motorcycle brand, which supplied motorcycles