i'm joined now by david waskow, director of the global research non—profit organisation, world resources institute. at the beginning of the summit, i spoke to one of your colleagues, and he was saying that it wanted the delegates gathered here, the leaders gathered here to have the same sense of urgency to dealing with the climate crisis as they have done in dealing with the coronavirus pandemic. do you think they have? n pandemic. do you think they have? i think there has been a sense of urgency here and one of the outcomes we have most wanted is really on the table and we hope it gets over the finish line and that's for countries to come back in the next couple of years or even next year, to strengthen their targets for taking action on climate but in the text we saw this morning, once again, we do hope that that actually manifests when we see the final outcome. haw when we see the final outcome. how essential would _ when we see the final outcome. how essential would that sort of pressure me to keep the world on track to cap global warming? we know we made a lot — track to cap global warming? we know we made a lot of— track to cap global warming? we know we made a lot of progress _ track to cap global warming? we know we made a lot of progress over - track to cap global warming? we know we made a lot of progress over the - we made a lot of progress over the last year and a half or so with getting stronger targets and commitments from countries but it's not enough and it takes us down to about 2.4 degrees of warming, so clearly not all the way that we need to go and it's down from three degrees, so some significant headway, but we need that push, we need the push to go even further and make sure that the 2013 targets are where they need to be to get us towards that 2040, mid point where it is net zero emissions but it has to happen this decade. we have to have this sense of motion this decade. t have this sense of motion this decade. . , have this sense of motion this decade. ., , , ., ~ ., ., decade. i was speaking a moment to no to the decade. i was speaking a moment to go to the irish _ decade. i was speaking a moment to go to the irish environment - decade. i was speaking a moment to go to the irish environment minister| go to the irish environment minister and talking about the issue of climate justice and some of the sticking points today as the negotiations continue because the developing world feels that the developed world has not done enough or gone far enough to not only deal with climate finance in the future but more so to compensate for damage already caused. i put it to the environment minister that this then was all about trust. do you think there is enough trust in the room, in the hall now to get this deal over the line on that well, we will see in the next couple of hours how countries are reacting to what needs to happen to build the trust and they are in the hall and working together and we are even seeing right now on your screen the way in which ministers are speaking to one another to bridge some of the gaps. what is most critical at the moment is the topic under discussion that is the topic under discussion that is critical is what's called loss and damage and how you deal with the impacts of climate change that cannot be adapted and what do you do in terms of people losing their homes or livelihoods and making sure there is a finance that can support vulnerable countries facing those impacts. vulnerable countries facing those im acts. . .,, vulnerable countries facing those im acts. ., .,, , vulnerable countries facing those imacts. . , ., ,, impacts. that has been an issue, can we develop — impacts. that has been an issue, can we develop that _ impacts. that has been an issue, can we develop that kind _ impacts. that has been an issue, can we develop that kind of _ impacts. that has been an issue, can we develop that kind of financing. . we develop that kind of financing. if there is a way to start talking about it seriously and having a dialogue amongst countries that can lead to recommendations, i think that can put us on the path towards the kind of trust we need. we that can put us on the path towards the kind of trust we need.— the kind of trust we need. we have 'ust seen the kind of trust we need. we have just seen the _ the kind of trust we need. we have just seen the us _ the kind of trust we need. we have just seen the us climate _ the kind of trust we need. we have just seen the us climate envoy, . the kind of trust we need. we have i just seen the us climate envoy, john just seen the us climate envoy, john kerry, speaking to alok sharma and he might be about to ask everyone to take their seats pretty soon but lots of huddles in the hall. of course, this is a process, it is not an end in and of itself. how much momentum do you think is there going forward from glasgow as we wait to find out if delegates can come to an agreement around the deal, the draft agreement around the deal, the draft agreement we saw published earlier today. do you think there is enough momentum to make real progress in the crucial years ahead? i momentum to make real progress in the crucial years ahead?— the crucial years ahead? i have been imressed the crucial years ahead? i have been impressed by _ the crucial years ahead? i have been impressed by the — the crucial years ahead? i have been impressed by the degree _ the crucial years ahead? i have been impressed by the degree to - the crucial years ahead? i have been impressed by the degree to which i impressed by the degree to which countries here understand the challenge ahead that they are not stringing from the challenge. we do still, as i said, the next couple of hours are going to be very telling in terms of what countries agreed to but we do have the prospects from the summit that this says their determination that countries still have two keep moving forward and strengthening their action and frankly that is a big part of the trust as well. country show may need to keep working together and do what we need on fossilfuels to keep working together and do what we need on fossil fuels and to keep working together and do what we need on fossilfuels and do to keep working together and do what we need on fossil fuels and do what we need on fossil fuels and do what we need on fossil fuels and do what we need in terms of deforestation and are they really going to band together. this is an opportunity today to show they are ready to do that. �* ., today to show they are ready to do that. �* . , ., today to show they are ready to do that. �* ., , ., ., today to show they are ready to do that. �* ., i. ., .,,, that. i'm glad you mention fossil fuels because — that. i'm glad you mention fossil fuels because i _ that. i'm glad you mention fossil fuels because i want _ that. i'm glad you mention fossil fuels because i want to - that. i'm glad you mention fossil fuels because i want to talk - that. i'm glad you mention fossil fuels because i want to talk to i that. i'm glad you mention fossil i fuels because i want to talk to you about that. coal and oil and so on. a lot of people saying it's quite something that they are even mentioned in this draft agreement because they haven't been mentioned in previous summit agreements. but nonetheless those are still just words, aren't they? are you confident that that is going to be translated into action and there is enough transparency so people can measure whether progress is being made. ? ., v measure whether progress is being made. ? . �*, . ., made. ? that's the crux of where we to next made. ? that's the crux of where we go next after — made. ? that's the crux of where we go next after cop26 _ made. ? that's the crux of where we go next after cop26 and _ go next after cop26 and implementation is all and we have to start taking action on the ground to implement the targets that we already have. clearly we need stronger targets as well in order to get where we need to get two by 2030 but countries have to go back home and do serious homework there needs to be done, reducing emissions from transport and reshaping agriculture so it's much more sustainable and making sure we cut forest back to a much less rate to reduce deforestation and that reduces as missions as well. i would also say that we have to deal with the backside of the equation and make sure we are in place the kind of resilience in supporting countries in dealing and one of the key issues across the board is finance. and we are going to need to see investment both in developed and developing countries and we need to see that support that developing countries, many of them, especially the most vulnerable need to be able to tackle the climate challenges, so that finance is really wrapped up in this implementation question and how we go home and where are the resources neededin go home and where are the resources needed in order to actually make the changes we need.— changes we need. from the world resources institute, _ changes we need. from the world resources institute, thank- changes we need. from the world resources institute, thank you - changes we need. from the world resources institute, thank you so | resources institute, thank you so much for talking to me today. the huddles, as you can see, i think we can show you those pictures again from inside the conference hall and i hope the huddles continue there. and we are expecting, or had expected, the delegates to be seated by now but still the conversation is continuing and you get a real impression of eyes being dotted and tis being cross, perhaps and that's one interpretation and certainly in alok sharma, the cop26 president, once the session to wrap up today and he wants the deal to be done today and it doesn't necessarily mean it will, but he's certainly putting pressure on the delegates here to get to a conclusion. and trying to focus minds, it's fair to say, so let's listen to what the president of cop26 said a short while ago. as you've seen, there are a number of parties that are still wanting to have a discussion and resolve issues and i have decided that it would be useful to allow a bit more time for these discussions to take place. and i hope we can have some resolutions before we formally start this plenary. so what i would propose is that we start formally at around 2:30pm. there are colleagues having discussions right now and i think it's right and proper we give them time to resolve the issues, but i would also like to make clear that it is my intention that we will close this cop26 this afternoon. this will close. and at the end of the day what is being put forward here is a balanced package and everyone has had a chance to have their say and i hope that colleagues will appreciate the what is on the table here, whilst not every aspect of it will be welcomed by everyone, collectively this is a package that really moves things forward for everyone, so i would ask for your latitude and we start at 230, this informal plenary and we will get going. thank you for your patience. it's going to be very interesting to look at the various pieces of analysis of what emerges in glasgow and alok sharma saying this is collectively a package that moves things forward for everyone and i think you will get some people not agreeing with that take, but let's see what emerges in the next few hours. john kerry, the us climate envoy speaking with members of the chinese delegation and of course there was the surprise announcement from the two countries earlier at the summit that they were going to work together to tackle climate change, a big surprise given the state of diplomacy between the two countries in the last few years, especially under president trump, perhaps slightly less so underjoe biden but that has been widely welcomed and people waiting for that to be fleshed out to see what that means, the virtual summit between joe biden and the chinese president expected at the start of next week to build on that, so that is the sort of momentum people want to see and they look at this and see the conversations taking place but they want to see the real world actions that follow on from the fine words, i think it was the prince of wales, who talked about the fine words being spoken at the opening day of the leaders summit in glasgow was as many others have also said, the need for words to be translated into action. so there have been some sticking points and that is why the delegates are still talking here. it was officially due to end on friday evening at cop26 but they are still talking and early i spoke to our reality check corresponding chris morris and asked him what he thought the key sticking points might be. a lot of conversations going on in the corridors, in the rooms, on the side. i think probably many of them about money. we know that climate finance has been a big issue for developing countries coming into this summit, throughout the summit, and they are still not happy, really, in several different ways with the level of ambition. i think one of the things that will please people who want action to be taken more swiftly is the fact that in the current draft of the final summit declaration, and it is stilljust a draft, it does request countries to come back next year with updated, more ambitious plans for cutting emissions. under the paris agreement, those plans were only having to be filed every five years, but given what has to be achieved this decade, possibly the most important thing to emerge from this summit is the acceleration of that process, the political pressure being put on the countries to do that every year and to keep turning up that ratchet. that's been seen as necessary to give the correct sense of urgency as we move towards 2030, the decisive decade as it's been called, if we are to keep on target with dealing with climate change. but there has been some suggestion that some of the developing nations aren't so keen because they feel it places too much of a burden on them when they have so many other issues deal with. there are difficulties for countries that perhaps have a limited capability for going through the motions of working out how many emissions they've been responsible for and how many are coming up in the future but overall it's thought if you don't go through the process, it's going to run away and it will trickle away and the opportunity to reach that goal of pretty much halving global emissions by 2030 will slip away, so action needs to happen this year, next year, the year after and while it's good to have the longer term ambition of the net zero by the middle of the century, and there would be virtually no carbon emissions anywhere that happens, action has to happen now to have any chance of achieving that goal in reach. climate justice has been a achieving that goal in reach. climatejustice has been a big part of the summit, in other words the injustice, the wealthy countries who grew rich on the back of industrialisation which caused the heating of the planet versus the developing nations, often suffering the worst effects of climate change but having done little to contribute to global warming and another area of the finance that seems to be a sticking point is compensation which comes under the heading of loss and damage or one of my guest said, it's not so much compensation, it's just money to help people get back on their feet so they can begin to look forward and deal with the future challenges of climate change. it’s challenges of climate change. it's mone to challenges of climate change. it�*s money to deal with what has already happened and part of the debate is how far back do you go because some people want to go back in 50 years to say the carbon admitted into the atmosphere in the 19th century is still there and it is the effects of carbon dioxide once it gets into the atmosphere which last for a long time and the problem is if people start talking as countries do about a compensation fund and the rich world simply backs away. they are not going to accept any language at all which suggests any kind of formal legal liability because then you can be talking about trillions of dollars so there is a diplomatic dance going on there and at the moment there is an agreement to talk about it a bit more and that might need to be toughened up. chris morris taking _ need to be toughened up. chris morris taking you _ need to be toughened up. chris morris taking you through some of the details earlier. let's look at the details earlier. let's look at the conference hall here in glasgow and stirling conversation the chinese chief negotiator and the us chief negotiatorjohn kerry, the us climate envoy. the chinese envoy had been retired but was convinced to come out of retirement for this summit in glasgow and he and john kerry do you have a long history together, veterans of the paris climate accord and mr kerry signed that on behalf of the us, so the two men are said to have had a pretty well established working relationship which clearly is important is a big event like this are nowjohn kerry is talking to the president, alok sharma, and we were expecting the delegates to be seated about 15 or 20 minutes ago but still some conversations going on, just looking back at what alok sharma said and he said a number of parties still want to have discussions and i think it is important that we give them a little more time to iron out some details that he hopes will lead to the deal being signed off, the draft agreement being officially signed off this afternoon, but no apparent sign of anyone sitting down to talk. and it will be really interesting once they do and we should be able to get something of a clue as to the direction of travel and see whether they are broadly, and see whether they are broadly, and i use the word advisedly because no one is happy with every single part of the draft agreement, broadly happy with what is in it and think it represents the best option in terms of the next decade or this current decade and actions that can be taken to keep a lid on global warming, and that is what this summit is all about. it's about making the planet habitable for all of us who live on it. chris stark is the chief executive of the committee on climate change — a body that holds the uk government to account on its actions on climate change. he also spoke to annita and gave his reaction to the draft agreement. i have to say, i am feeling quite good about the way it has been brought together. some of the key language is still in there, and it is really important to say this, it might sound odd for those people who are not watching cop as closely as i might do, but language about fossil fuel financing, language about phasing out coal is still in there, and the language on returning to the table, to make those 2030 targets stronger next year, is still in there, so this is motoring towards, actually really strong piece of text at the end. it's a process. sadly we can't magic commitments that countries weren't ready to make yet. but that process is now starting to deliver the reductions in long—term temperature that it was designed to do, and i think glasgow is motoring to some sort of positive conclusion. is there enough accountability in it? yourjob at the committee is about holding the uk government to account, in terms of its actions towards dealing with climate change, but is there enough accountability in all of this and transparency, and a way of monitoring what countries are doing. are they, are they keeping up, are they matching the words, the fine words we heard at the beginning of this conference? you are the right to raise the issue of accountability and transparency, because i don't think there is enough in this. this is one of the key issues we are still discussing, the transparency of the commitments, how they are measured. sadly there isn't a global body with the same kind of teeth as my organisation here in the uk, so we need the un process to deliver that accountability. there is a set of technical changes and i don't suggest we talk about them in detail today. the and i don't suggest we talk about them in detail today.— and i don't suggest we talk about them in detail today. the round them u . them in detail today. the round them u- as them in detail today. the round them up as calling — them in detail today. the round them up as calling the _ them in detail today. the round them up as calling the rule _ them in detail today. the round them up as calling the rule book— them in detail today. the round them up as calling the rule book issues, . up as calling the rule book issues, the rule book commitments in paris, six years after paris it looks like we might get to a conclusion for the rule book in glasgow and it might sound like a boring technical thing but it will be a better platform to make stronger commitments if we can agree with the rule book and the key thing in the rule book as the issue of transparency. are we measuring things on a common basis? do we have full transparency at global emissions across the world so this is another positive aspect of what is another positive aspect of what is coming out of glasgow that the technical work has been done. i suppose the fundamental question is, does this keep the goal of 1.5 degrees, capping global warming at 1.5 celsius alive because this is the point we might see dangerous consequences of climate change. we need consequences of climate change. - need to see the final text on this but it's very important to say that we have several commentators and analytical bodies saying they look at the commitments brought to glasgow and have largely converge on a similar outlook, so if you look at the long—term, we have a pretty remarkable thing coming out of glasgow, 90% of the worlds economy sitting underneath these net zero targets which is a scientific target and globally is the point we stop warming the planet and 90% of the target sits under them by the middle of the century and that is a really good development which has not been matched by short—term commitments for 2030, so what we need is a pathway to net zero by mid—century thatis pathway to net zero by mid—century that is equally ambitious and we've had a little bit of that in glasgow but not enough.— but not enough. chris stark, the chief executive _ but not enough. chris stark, the chief executive of _ but not enough. chris stark, the chief executive of the _ but not enough. chris stark, the| chief executive of the committee but not enough. chris stark, the - chief executive of the committee on climate change. christian fraser joins me we have been a bit of a cop26 tag team with me covering the early parts of the day and creasing on the later part of the day and we have a to speak on air to one another until now. so, christian, that is really good. you are over in the blue zone, i'm in the green zone, and where you are is where the delegates are. have you any sense that we are close to them sitting down and letting us know what they think? yes. them sitting down and letting us know what they think?— them sitting down and letting us know what they think? yes, i'm still standinu. know what they think? yes, i'm still standing- and _ know what they think? yes, i'm still standing. and i'm _ know what they think? yes, i'm still standing. and i'm watching - know what they think? yes, i'm still standing. and i'm watching the - standing. and i'm watching the body language in the plenary hall and i'm a real student body language and i've been watching john kerry who is in your here, walking around and at the beginning, about half an hour ago, trying to stay away from awkward conversations. he walked this way and that and got into a conversation with the chinese senior delegates and then it got quite intense, the discussion, and now they brought the europeans into that so you can see the man standing in the foreground of that picture on the foreground of that picture on the right—hand side with the glasses, the vice president of the european commission and suddenly there's a very animated conversation going on and clearly something that the chinese raised in the text because he was pointing to a line in the text about how this sparked further conversation, so he was due to start at about 230 and it was delayed from 12 o'clock, this plenary session and now we are past the next deadline, so we are still waiting to see what it is and what is causing such animated discussion but as you discuss through the afternoon there is a lot of anger and frustration among the most affected countries about the line thatis affected countries about the line that is in the about loss and damage. and i suppose they are discussing whether there is anything further they can do duplicate those who would have their say whenever the plenary session starts. john ker and the plenary session starts. john kerry and his — the plenary session starts. john kerry and his associate - the plenary session starts. john kerry and his associate have a long—standing relationship on climate and i was saying a while ago that he had retired but came out of retirement and clearly there is a hope that the working relationship that they had can help smooth things along here but i wonder whether what we are looking at now is the dottin of the eyes and the crossing of teas or whether it is something much thornier than that. he or whether it is something much thornier than that.— or whether it is something much thornier than that. he is probably the most important _ thornier than that. he is probably the most important man - thornier than that. he is probably the most important man you've l thornier than that. he is probably - the most important man you've never heard from china. he is very close to the president and someone that john kerry has developed a relationship with notjust in the last two weeks, and they've been meeting every day in the last two weeks, but it's been months since john kerry becamejoe biden's climate envoy, so they clearly establish the basis of trust and i would think there's been discussions about what the two presidents will talk about on monday but the fact that he is talking to the african delegation here and remember they are all in different groupings, so when you get a new text, it has to go to the g7 countries, has to go to the african countries, the island states, and it goes around the room and what you are seeing is this happening in real time as they try to zero in on the final details, the dottin of the eyes and in the text, and you have to get to this point and you have to get to this point and get to a point where everybody is mutually frustrated with the process and they are exhausted and have been here for two weeks and in the end that does force some compromise and that is where we are at at this stage. these are the sort of scenes according to the summit veterans i've spoken to here, this is effectively what happens at every summit and it comes down to just basic haggling. this is the market. can you live with this, can we get some more of that and can you create some more of that and can you create some wriggle room and that is what is going on and it's fascinating to watch. t is going on and it's fascinating to watch. , ,., ~' . is going on and it's fascinating to watch. , ,., ~ ., ., ., is going on and it's fascinating to watch. , ., ., ., watch. i spoke a while ago so the irish environment _ watch. i spoke a while ago so the irish environment minister- watch. i spoke a while ago so the irish environment minister and i watch. i spoke a while ago so the| irish environment minister and he said you cannot negotiate with science, but we have politicians here nonetheless and politicians are in the business of negotiating, so, yes, of course they are looking at what the science is saying, but they still have to do what they think is the best deal they can do for their country, and that, i guess is where the problem comes in because you are asking, in a way, the delegates to overlook that and think about the global picture, notjust the national picture. global picture, not 'ust the national picture.i global picture, not 'ust the national picture. global picture, not 'ust the national icture. , ., �* , national picture. yes, that's true but both are _ national picture. yes, that's true but both are big _ national picture. yes, that's true but both are big leaders - national picture. yes, that's true but both are big leaders will- national picture. yes, that's true but both are big leaders will be l but both are big leaders will be looking at their own domestic populations as well. remember, we've not had a discussion on our own european countries or the us about loss and damage. how they had a conversation with greenville california where justin conversation with greenville california wherejustin rowlett conversation with greenville california where justin rowlett was yesterday which looks like armageddon at the moment and what about the businesses and homes there, so when you start but language and document, legally sounding documents which appertains to these countries that are right on the front line of climate change, thatis the front line of climate change, that is all well and good and everybody in the room will come to the podium and say yes, we understand this is an existential threat for these communities but they've not had these conversations with their own people at home and of course there's not enough money in government budgets to satisfy everyone. so there is nervousness on the part of the americans about where this goes and once you start talking about compensation and loss and damage you start going down potentially, for them a dangerous line. i do remember somebody was telling mejust the line. i do remember somebody was telling me just the other week that around the time of the summit in 2012, there was storm sandy which caused enormous damage in new york at the americans talked about that storm being much more ferocious because of climate change, and suddenly, because it happened around the time they were discussing climate change, this loss and damage argument became that much greater. and the developed nation said you see, you are prepared to talk about it in your own country but not prepared to recognises when its loss and damage in our country and this has been the discussion since 2012 to where we are today and this is the first time that loss and damage has appeared in a climate text, so at the moment it refers to a dialogue and that clearly doesn't satisfy the people we will talk to this afternoon but i think there is greater recognition as your oxfam guest was telling us earlier that there is a continuance, a continuum from mitigation to adaptation for some countries i'm loss and damage at the end of the process and more countries will fit in the end of the bracket and there is a recognition of that in the hall.— of that in the hall. christian, for the moment. — of that in the hall. christian, for the moment, i— of that in the hall. christian, for the moment, i will— of that in the hall. christian, for the moment, i will leave - of that in the hall. christian, for the moment, i will leave you, i of that in the hall. christian, for l the moment, i will leave you, and of that in the hall. christian, for i the moment, i will leave you, and we will alljoin you in watching the body language and hopefully we will have some words to go along with that when the delegates take their seats, but i think one of the big question is now at this point in the negotiations, and we are far into them now, is how much trust is there in that hall? not everything can be pinned down in this draft agreement today, so how much trust is there that words will be matched by actions, especially between the developed world and the developing world? you are watching bbc news. you're watching bbc news in the uk and around the world. welcome to glasgow and the cop26 negotiations — which are now in overtime, as negotiators from nearly 200 countries try to strike a deal on tackling climate change. a new draft agreement was published this morning. the cop president, alok sharma, had wanted the plenary session — that's when all nations give their verdict on the document — to start about 30 minutes ago, but it still hasn't. so what's in the latest draft agreement? here are some of the main points. most crucially, the reference to phasing out inefficient fossile fuel subsidies is still in the agreement. even after some countries reportedly wanted to remove it. the deal also asks all countries to upgrade their climate pledges