that will measure what's being dug out of the ground and who owns it. hello and welcome to glasgow. this evening — in this room behind me — we have had part one of the closing ceremony at cop26 at which they rubber stamped the easy parts of the climate agreement. but now begins the hard work. the negotiations on the most contentious parts of the text, conversations that will stretch late into the night and possibly into the weekend. world leaders are desperately trying to hammer out a deal that will keep the rise in the average global temperature to 1.5 degrees celsius by the end of this century. they all agree on the science. a rise beyond 1.5 would be catastrophic and irreversible. but are these world leader ready to take the tough decisions — or will they leave it for future leaders to sort out. let's bring in allegra straton, cop26 spokesperson for the british government. do you know, working to delve into it all tonight. i know a lot of this is sensitive you because i know you can talk about it. what a lot of people want to know is, is it a success? iis people want to know is, is it a success?— people want to know is, is it a success? , ., , ., success? is way too early to tell. we have potentially _ success? is way too early to tell. we have potentially 24 _ success? is way too early to tell. we have potentially 24 hours - success? is way too early to tell. | we have potentially 24 hours until the time the conference is meant to end, potentially longer than that. certainly we are what in what people call the endgame. we cannot say i know that numbers have been floating around maybe last week they were not doing that more positive numbers maybe this week less positive depending on how you cut the announcements, various different coalitions countries have come up with. we can't say, we just don't know. that horrible phrase in negotiations until everything is agreed, nothings agreed. we don't know. what we do know and what you've seen repeatedly from the uk presidency is that this is a high ambition tax and this is a high ambition tax and this is a high ambition presidency. what does that mean? what that means is we are striving to get as much as we can out of these talks. apart from anything else you have individuals who travelled here to glasgow been in the case of the gentleman who spoke to the prime minister, the president spoke to the pm on monday at the world leaders summit and it took me five days to get here. for many of these people coming here has been quite a journey and they are not going to go home feeling like this was a disappointing outing. they need to push for ambition and we are on their behalf of the uk presidency are pushing for ambition to do. there is time left to run in these negotiations. i to do. there is time left to run in these negotiations.— these negotiations. i said it sensitive — these negotiations. i said it sensitive and _ these negotiations. i said it sensitive and it _ these negotiations. i said it sensitive and it really - these negotiations. i said it sensitive and it really is - these negotiations. i said it - sensitive and it really is because i do understand that every word in this text is fought over. a lot of people picked up on the word urgency. whether urgency should have been swept for mandated. does it really come down to that? is alec sharma really going from room to room to room saying what about this word, what about this text, can you agree to this? and then go back to the other group room. i5 agree to this? and then go back to the other group room.— agree to this? and then go back to the other group room. is that how it works? yeah- _ the other group room. is that how it works? yeah. the _ the other group room. is that how it works? yeah. the conversations - the other group room. is that how it i works? yeah. the conversations where i work around phrases that are three words in them. they are around as you say, the particular individual world, of course they matter. they matter and enormously to many of the people who come in to many of the people who come in to many of the people who commented negotiate. they mean a huge amount about the values that the international systems struck places on different aspects on climate change law and so on. i can't go into the detail because it's a dynamic process. the thing that's difficult for viewers to understand is that the uk is the president. we are all of us who work for sharma, he is the dealer to every single country. all of those parties are filtering their perspectives in various different negotiation blocks, they get filtered through to him. and he has to do in essence float above it. they could eventually that tax tech will be agreed by at parties. it's quite an incredible piece of political craft. there aren't many comparisons out there that one of our chief negotiator made said imagine trying to get 196 of your friends if you have them, imagine trying to get them to agree where to go that afternoon. possibly a bit of a trite example because clearly there's also been a huge amount of work behind the scenes. this team has been working for 18 months on making sure because of course we had the delay, last november because of covid. making sure that the preparations have been laid and then injuly we had a july ministerial where ministers came to london and again the more formal for this. and more recently, itjust cranks up and cranks up to this moment. tiara more recently, itjust cranks up and cranks up to this moment. two very cuick fire cranks up to this moment. two very quick fire questions- _ cranks up to this moment. two very quick fire questions- but _ cranks up to this moment. two very quick fire questions- but we - quick fire questions— but we finished our night? no idea. will the prime minister combat? i can never talk about _ the prime minister combat? i can never talk about the _ the prime minister combat? i can never talk about the prime - the prime minister combat? i can never talk about the prime ministers moves. , ,., ., never talk about the prime ministers moves. , ., ., ., moves. very boring. if he had to go back and looked _ moves. very boring. if he had to go back and looked it _ moves. very boring. if he had to go back and looked it over _ moves. very boring. if he had to go back and looked it over the final - back and looked it over the final hurdle? it’s back and looked it over the final hurdle? �* , ., back and looked it over the final hurdle? �*, ., ., , , _ hurdle? it's for the got presidency to be shepherding _ hurdle? it's for the got presidency to be shepherding this _ hurdle? it's for the got presidency to be shepherding this process - hurdle? it's for the got presidency to be shepherding this process to | to be shepherding this process to its very end. i can't comment about the prime minister is movement. going and do your work. thank you very much indeed for joining us. as we've been discussing is where sail away before the finish tomorrow. here are things left on the cop26 to do list with no update today on the draught negotiation but all 195 countries will have to agree. a new draught is expected in the early hours of the morning. we are also waiting for the cover tax quiz is like a executive summary a rubber out of everything agreed. within those documents are some thorny issues unresolved like how do you interpret article six of the paris agreement was that that decides how we report monetary missions, how often we report in the role played by international carbon markets in the clean energy transition. perhaps the biggest? of all is overfinancing. transition. perhaps the biggest? of all is over financing. who's gonna pay for the transition to net zero? all countries equally or should the richer ones be taking more of that burden? let's bring in david shipman who is a veteran of these negotiations really interesting listening to what allegra was saying. i spoke to the president of the 28 lima peru today. he said to the 28 lima peru today. he said to the day i learned more in two weeks of that summit then i learned in a lifetime and politics is up it's because you're meeting everyone at the same time and you're right in the same time and you're right in the depths of a political discussion.— discussion. there is an extraordinary - discussion. there is an - extraordinary multidimensional compression of diplomacy that happens here. you got all of the diff countries around the world that all bring their own perspectives. and you got a very complicated process. in the way the interactive rules that govern them. i love the way if you look around and we were filming this earlier today, little huddles of people from different countries pouring over texts, quite animated discussions about what they tolerate a particular word or phrase. that's what we've seen at present two previous cops. those haggling phrases would do except there were likely or do you prefer all possible? bigger scenes was her right now in the draught of the text it talks about phasing out coal. and so the big guns... i it talks about phasing out coal. and so the big guns...— so the big guns... i thought that was the standout _ so the big guns... i thought that was the standout line _ so the big guns... i thought that was the standout line in - so the big guns... i thought that - was the standout line in alec sharma his press conference today is that there was a country leading another small group of countries that wants the entire section taken out on mitigation. the entire section taken out on mitigation-— the entire section taken out on mitiaation. . �* , ~ ., mitigation. that's the kind of thing that happens _ mitigation. that's the kind of thing that happens in — mitigation. that's the kind of thing that happens in the _ mitigation. that's the kind of thing that happens in the endgame. - mitigation. that's the kind of thing that happens in the endgame. i've| that happens in the endgame. i've been saying for some time to colleagues and others that it's often very late in the day that the big guns who are really guarding national interest, particularly the fossil fuel producers, they come national interest, particularly the fossilfuel producers, they come in and the last 48, 24 hours, even the last few hours. if we are here well into saturday and even sunday, that has happened at previous cops it will almost certainly be because the big fossil fuel producers guarding their own interests. trench warfare two warfare on a diplomatic scale. we are very rudely sitting here who is a real expert. i'm enjoying the transition for the want you in on the discussion because your exporters is to discuss gop politics was up ijust want exporters is to discuss gop politics was up i just want to you exporters is to discuss gop politics was up ijust want to you about exporters is to discuss gop politics was up i just want to you about some of the big powers because we've had some moments today and the united states was also had moans about europe. the politics of europe are interesting because you got france going to a president election, germany's between powers, others on big governments who are pulling their weight here? i big governments who are pulling their weight here?— big governments who are pulling their weight here? i would say so riaht their weight here? i would say so right now. _ their weight here? i would say so right now. yes- — their weight here? i would say so right now, yes. i _ their weight here? i would say so right now, yes. i think— their weight here? i would say so right now, yes. i think we - their weight here? i would say so right now, yes. i think we saw. their weight here? i would say so right now, yes. i think we saw a i their weight here? i would say so l right now, yes. i think we saw a lot of world _ right now, yes. i think we saw a lot of world leaders including chancellor merker and president biden— chancellor merker and president biden show up with very big promises, very big words, we must, we should, — promises, very big words, we must, we should, we would and then you enter_ we should, we would and then you enter the — we should, we would and then you enter the negotiation rooms and those _ enter the negotiation rooms and those european band to velasco like, were not— those european band to velasco like, were not sure about doubling finance _ were not sure about doubling finance. you think the message is not being — finance. you think the message is not being communicated and that is an issue _ not being communicated and that is an issue of— not being communicated and that is an issue of political guidance. that is an— an issue of political guidance. that is an issue — an issue of political guidance. that is an issue of not giving the right marching — is an issue of not giving the right marching orders and not having the film marching orders and not having the right positions already in your back pocket to _ right positions already in your back pocket to know were going to have to move _ pocket to know were going to have to move on _ pocket to know were going to have to move on the — pocket to know were going to have to move on the finance if we can ask others _ move on the finance if we can ask others to— move on the finance if we can ask others to move to do more in 2030. and that _ others to move to do more in 2030. and that fuels doing that feels unprepared or uninterested. andi unprepared or uninterested. and i don't think— unprepared or uninterested. and i don't think they _ unprepared or uninterested. and i don't think they are _ unprepared or uninterested. and i don't think they are that. - unprepared or uninterested. in i don't think they are that. we did get a document yesterday from the united states and china were talking and talking a lot every day at the summit. i thought the title of the document was the key part. a declaration on enhancements of climate action in the 20 20s. which surely is a nod to the urgency that we need. it’s surely is a nod to the urgency that we need. �* , ., surely is a nod to the urgency that we need. �*, ., ., ., ., we need. it's more of a wave. i think it's _ we need. it's more of a wave. i think it's definitely _ we need. it's more of a wave. i think it's definitely an - think it's definitely an acknowledgement and to be honest a thin- acknowledgement and to be honest a thing or— acknowledgement and to be honest a thing or take away from that declaration is what i can see the blame _ declaration is what i can see the blame game any more. we've been seeing _ blame game any more. we've been seeing a _ blame game any more. we've been seeing a lot— blame game any more. we've been seeing a lot of us, china laying the blame _ seeing a lot of us, china laying the blame cards. who's going to be sublime — blame cards. who's going to be sublime if— blame cards. who's going to be sublime if this thing fails was that what they— sublime if this thing fails was that what they said is we need to work together— what they said is we need to work together to deliver something. but are they— together to deliver something. but are they actually going to do that in the _ are they actually going to do that in the rooms? once again we have the bil in the rooms? once again we have the big declaration that restated a lot of what _ big declaration that restated a lot of what they're already planning to do but _ of what they're already planning to do but the — of what they're already planning to do but the fact that they will not communicated with about each other which _ communicated with about each other which is _ communicated with about each other which is positive. how are they actually— which is positive. how are they actually going to change the dynamics in these rooms and, not 'ust dynamics in these rooms and, not just with _ dynamics in these rooms and, not just with a — dynamics in these rooms and, not just with a big declaration with no dates— just with a big declaration with no dates to — just with a big declaration with no dates to a — just with a big declaration with no dates to a text at the end of this that says. — dates to a text at the end of this that says, by 2022 we are going to be coming back to the table and saving _ be coming back to the table and saying what would you be doing more this decade. and right now that is the big _ this decade. and right now that is the big question. that's what we can be looking _ the big question. that's what we can be looking for tomorrow.— be looking for tomorrow. there's a disconnect — be looking for tomorrow. there's a disconnect with _ be looking for tomorrow. there's a disconnect with a _ be looking for tomorrow. there's a disconnect with a peek _ be looking for tomorrow. there's a disconnect with a peek at - be looking for tomorrow. there's a disconnect with a peek at the - be looking for tomorrow. there's a l disconnect with a peek at the global leaders coming in at the beginning with these quite saccharine speeches about saving the planet. then they push off leaving their negotiators who engage in this line by line haggling. even countries which you might think of his cabinet, think of them as being quite forward leaning on theirs. when you get into the negotiating halls it's a different story. negotiating halls it's a different sto . �* , ., negotiating halls it's a different sto . �* ., ., , story. but there is an enormous uolf, it story. but there is an enormous golf. it seems _ story. but there is an enormous golf, it seems to _ story. but there is an enormous golf, it seems to me. _ story. but there is an enormous golf, it seems to me. betweenl story. but there is an enormous i golf, it seems to me. between the rhetoric we get in the tangible, short—term action that's been delivered. today climate action tracker looked again at the figures, if you put together all the methane and transportation and cars and trees we are only 9% further down the road to where we need to be. that's hopeless, isn't it?- the road to where we need to be. that's hopeless, isn't it? yes, says david. it that's hopeless, isn't it? yes, says david- it is— that's hopeless, isn't it? yes, says david- it is to _ that's hopeless, isn't it? yes, says david. it is to progress _ that's hopeless, isn't it? yes, says david. it is to progress but - that's hopeless, isn't it? yes, says david. it is to progress but how- that's hopeless, isn't it? yes, says david. it is to progress but how we| david. it is to progress but how we can hold _ david. it is to progress but how we can hold these countries accountable for that _ can hold these countries accountable for that 9%? what we to do about the deals and _ for that 9%? what we to do about the deals and outs here, they get to be banned _ deals and outs here, they get to be banned into this process, is they can he _ banned into this process, is they can he a — banned into this process, is they can be a system for looking at are people _ can be a system for looking at are people implementing even those goals that are _ people implementing even those goals that are being made here? and that's very much— that are being made here? and that's very much a _ that are being made here? and that's very much a leader level decision. my big _ very much a leader level decision. my big question is who's making calls? _ my big question is who's making calls? it's— my big question is who's making calls? it's not necessarily who's in the halls, — calls? it's not necessarily who's in the halls, who's making calls, is president — the halls, who's making calls, is president biden picking up the phone — president biden picking up the phone is— president biden picking up the phone, is chancellor merkel picking up phone, is chancellor merkel picking up the _ phone, is chancellor merkel picking up the phone? at the call and say we 'ust up the phone? at the call and say we just need _ up the phone? at the call and say we just need to — up the phone? at the call and say we just need to get this over the line and i_ just need to get this over the line and i need — just need to get this over the line and i need you to get on board with this? _ and i need you to get on board with this? ortheyjust and i need you to get on board with this? or theyjust get on board with this? _ this? or theyjust get on board with this? or_ this? or theyjust get on board with this? ortheyjust this? or theyjust get on board with this? or theyjust didn't negotiate once again — this? or theyjust didn't negotiate once again at about likely an invite? — once again at about likely an invite? . �* , . once again at about likely an invite? . v . , once again at about likely an invite? ., �*, ., , , ., invite? that's a big question. the mexicans have _ invite? that's a big question. the mexicans have said _ invite? that's a big question. the mexicans have said to _ invite? that's a big question. the mexicans have said to alex - invite? that's a big question. the i mexicans have said to alex sharmer if he finishes them muldur give him a bottle of tequila. there is a big carbon footprint on that. there russians with vodka as well. it's like a confession or is it? this russians with vodka as well. it's like a confession or is it?- like a confession or is it? this is my tenth _ like a confession or is it? this is my tenth cep- — like a confession or is it? this is my tenth cop. the _ like a confession or is it? this is my tenth cop. the ones - like a confession or is it? this is. my tenth cop. the ones i've been like a confession or is it? this is i my tenth cop. the ones i've been to have all overrun. i think one went to sunday. we got a sweepstake in our team, ten of us, nine are saying saturday. there is times, i'm sorry. i haven't even booked a train ticket home. i'm assuming i might it home on monday. the home. i'm assuming i might it home on monday-— on monday. the one thing i want to ask and it's — on monday. the one thing i want to ask and it's a _ on monday. the one thing i want to ask and it's a serious _ on monday. the one thing i want to ask and it's a serious point, - on monday. the one thing i want to ask and it's a serious point, for i ask and it's a serious point, for me given that 9% that we just talked about, the long route still ahead of us, the one line in this text which surely has to be there is that they have to come back next year and they are upset and the and they have to enhance their ambitions as go. otherwise were lucky to get there. the big _ otherwise were lucky to get there. the big thing that a process like this can — the big thing that a process like this can deliver is a process. that is both— this can deliver is a process. that is both a — this can deliver is a process. that is both a benefit and the sad reaiity— is both a benefit and the sad reaiity of— is both a benefit and the sad reality of the un negotiation. the pa-e reality of the un negotiation. the page usually get it out of this is a clear— page usually get it out of this is a clear process was up that's really what _ clear process was up that's really what you — clear process was up that's really what you need to do than to deliver what they— what you need to do than to deliver what they say the 620 income that was i _ what they say the 620 income that was i heading n or 620 nations a we will do _ was i heading n or 620 nations a we will do more — was i heading n or 620 nations a we will do more this decade, we will look at _ will do more this decade, we will look at where we can do more, no date _ look at where we can do more, no date given — look at where we can do more, no date given. so that is really what we looking for from this process, a date and _ we looking for from this process, a date and the assurance that developing countries will be supported financially, notjust in actually — supported financially, notjust in actually doing more this decade in terms _ actually doing more this decade in terms of— actually doing more this decade in terms of climate action. actually building — terms of climate action. actually building renewable energy grids, shifting _ building renewable energy grids, shifting article. also dealing with the impact they are already experiencing due to our ineptitude. the other— experiencing due to our ineptitude. the other thing that strikes me is that it has to be perceived to be fair. when i think back to donald trump saying we are knocking to do this because the chinese are not doing this. if you don't have a proper system of verifying and monitoring what people are deciding and declaring the whole thing is worthless. ., , , , and declaring the whole thing is worthless. ., , ,, ., ., ., ., worthless. that bumps into national interest a lot _ worthless. that bumps into national interest a lot of _ worthless. that bumps into national interest a lot of government - worthless. that bumps into national interest a lot of government would l interest a lot of government would be unhappy with the level of scrutiny like a 3g would like and others. monitoring this process and checking the numbers and providing those assessments. that's a major obstacle just in itself was up the whole paris agreement principle relies on countries turning up and offering on a voluntary basis what they will do. that made it possible. and ifeel trying they will do. that made it possible. and i feel trying to they will do. that made it possible. and ifeel trying to impose they will do. that made it possible. and i feel trying to impose the they will do. that made it possible. and ifeel trying to impose the kind of rules, verification, checking in all the rest of it, that's can put a lot of people off. it's really difficult balance. but it does govern successful the event might turn out to be.— govern successful the event might turn out to be. other commitments? jennifer is going to stay with us. stayed with us still to come. leaders can promise all they want the proof will be in the pudding. and there's a new fossilfuel be in the pudding. and there's a new fossil fuel check tracker that will shed light on the reality. we will explain it all coming up. as we've been hearing a lot has been pledged, a lot has been decided. however there is still a lot to be discussed. shadow secretary and former leader on the final stages of these talks. they weapon they've got it... they weapon they've got at their disposal is that nobody wants to be responsible for this whole thing falling over. and in the end that you've got to take it to the brink. and you've got to say to countries, look you can either be the spoiler, the wrecker or you can accept, you can compromise and accept something that might not be ideal from your point of view. you can't negotiate with the science because the science, we know at the science is telling us but we can play really hardball. sure we can play really hardball with countries and say we know what the world to get to do, the science is telling us, we've got halve emissions this decade, we are way off, we can have to give you a very clear mandate to come back in a year's time. of course there is the question — how do we keep track of fossil fuels around the world? currently there is no comprehensive, public source of data on estimated fossil fuel reserves and production. that is about to change with a new database, being launched by carbon tracker and global energy monitor — they've built a tool to measure what is being dug out of the ground and the associated emissions. here to tell us more is mike coffin — he's head of oil, gas & mining at carbon tracker. welcome. this is like an arms adventure is in a?— welcome. this is like an arms adventure is in a? you could say that. ithink_ adventure is in a? you could say that. l think what _ adventure is in a? you could say that. i think what were - adventure is in a? you could say that. i think what were trying i adventure is in a? you could say i that. i think what were trying to do here is make comprehensive accessible database that's free and the global community can access and ultimately keep companies and countries to account. ultimately the cause of the significant majority of greenhouse gases that are leading to global warming. greenhouse gases that are leading to global warming-— globalwarming. explain to me how the database _ globalwarming. explain to me how the database will _ globalwarming. explain to me how the database will work. _ globalwarming. explain to me how the database will work. you'll i globalwarming. explain to me how the database will work. you'll be i the database will work. you'll be looking at exploration as well as reserves in these particular countries, all countries. latte reserves in these particular countries, all countries. we have a ulobal countries, all countries. we have a global database _ countries, all countries. we have a global database and _ countries, all countries. we have a global database and will— countries, all countries. we have a global database and will be - countries, all countries. we have a| global database and will be feeding in and collecting data. i think the really important point is that we systematically and standardise to a comparability of data across the world. will be looking at expiration assets are discovered assets and the various different types of reserves against standardisation, looking at reserves, resources around the world and a kiss is a consistent fashion rather than the different ways of counting oil and gas reserves there are today. i think that's the real key is that standardisation. here's a new number _ key is that standardisation. here's a new number to _ key is that standardisation. here's a new number to plug _ key is that standardisation. here's a new number to plug into - key is that standardisation. here's a new number to plug into your. a new number to plug into your database with the european commission we found out today, one of the topic matters, announced that they've just approved 13 billion euros of gas projects on their list of projects a common interest which will be faster at which taxpayers in europe will pay for. how can you sign that off, 30 billion euros, a future exploration when you're in the room saying we need to get rid of coal, gas and oil? the international energy i of coal, gas and oil? the international energy was j of coal, gas and oil? tie: international energy was incredibly clear, to get to 1.5 degrees to limit warming you can have the sanction of no new oil and gas progress doing a project so that no singular new projects that may have been discovered. what we generally cannot do is go and explore for more projects and then development them. it's stopping the expiration and stopping the development actually it's duplicitous to have those two. foot incredible 1.5. the it's duplicitous to have those two. foot incredible 1.5.— it's duplicitous to have those two. foot incredible 1.5. the uk does not aet off the foot incredible 1.5. the uk does not get off the hook _ foot incredible 1.5. the uk does not get off the hook on _ foot incredible 1.5. the uk does not get off the hook on this _ foot incredible 1.5. the uk does not get off the hook on this because i foot incredible 1.5. the uk does notj get off the hook on this because the oil fields in shetland get off the hook on this because the oilfields in shetland is get off the hook on this because the oil fields in shetland is still in question. we have notjoined the beyond oil and gas alliance. why would notjoin that when we are as the cop presidency trying to encourage people to leave it behind? is inconsistent with our rhetoric around net zero, 2050 and again bringing it back to that simple statement, new1.5, no bringing it back to that simple statement, new 1.5, no new oil and gas. not to sue projects it but how can we continue to hit our licenses in the north sea? further expiration licenses just inconsistent with the apple that you mention those oil fields, we were statement to say we do not see that as fitting with 1.5 degrees world but it doesn't fit within welby load scenario either. the problem is, this two week it's all about climate change, i get about getting rid of oil and gas and coal was out next week and probably in december when he gets an awful lot colder it's about how do we keep the lights on. lot colder it's about how do we keep the lights on-— the lights on. that reality is also are we speaking _ the lights on. that reality is also are we speaking for— the lights on. that reality is also are we speaking for the - the lights on. that reality is also | are we speaking for the european energy— are we speaking for the european energy crisis, it's not because of renewables, it's because of the overreliance on natural gas. that's why it's _ overreliance on natural gas. that's why it's so — overreliance on natural gas. that's why it's so difficult when we are deciding — why it's so difficult when we are deciding to invest taxpayer money and building gas projects in developing countries that quite realistically were going to have the health— realistically were going to have the health and phase—out in 20 aside. is this really— health and phase—out in 20 aside. is this really the bridge to be building, bridge to nowhere? talk to me and really _ building, bridge to nowhere? talk to me and really simple _ building, bridge to nowhere? talk to me and really simple terms - building, bridge to nowhere? talk to me and really simple terms because | me and really simple terms because it's so complex. carbon markets. what countries are pumping out and what they want to shift onto those who are overachieving, are we any clearer on the language, any clearer on it actually work in? i should acknowledge — on it actually work in? i should acknowledge her _ on it actually work in? i should acknowledge her in _ on it actually work in? i should acknowledge her in front i on it actually work in? i should acknowledge her in front of i on it actually work in? i should i acknowledge her in front of freight carbon markets is not in area of my expertise without i don't know anyone who would confess it is. i can certainly talk to a lot of the petrol and my thoughts are more broadly ultimately these countries, we did a report of the end of the air, huge fiscal sustainability challenges by continuing to double down oil and gas investments. it's a critical that the petrol states move away for the future. and go back to the point on the renewables, wind, solo, energy security and domestic supply, it's a huge opportunity for these countries to reframe with their economy and export but also their economy and export but also their domestic energy production. latte their domestic energy production. we have someone from south korea here a couple of hours ago who said we just built two coal powered stations, we got another five data coming online, there is no mandate, there's no law in south korea to stop these things being built at all so they got in energy crisis at the moment. no incentive this is a problem country by country by country everybody is facing the same issue.— by country by country everybody is facing the same issue. yeah. that's the crux of — facing the same issue. yeah. that's the crux of the _ facing the same issue. yeah. that's the crux of the issue. _ facing the same issue. yeah. that's the crux of the issue. clearly - facing the same issue. yeah. that's the crux of the issue. clearly a i the crux of the issue. clearly a difficult want to solve. really important to point out that some of the countries that are using fossil fuels the most are the most impacted by the physical effects of climate change. was a particularly important to recognise that particularly in the global summit. particularly impacted by the physical impacts of warming. actually these are countries that didn't need to move away the fastest ? do mood need to move away. fin away the fastest ? do mood need to move away-— move away. on the chart are you a deal that we _ move away. on the chart are you a deal that we talked _ move away. on the chart are you a deal that we talked about - move away. on the chart are you a deal that we talked about earlier. l deal that we talked about earlier. there is no actual specific mention of carbon, fossil fuels at all, is there? a nod to it, methane. methane and the fact that the chinese are now talking about coming on board with nothing. now talking about coming on board with nothing-— with nothing. does that make a difference? _ with nothing. does that make a difference? methane _ with nothing. does that make a difference? methane albeit, i with nothing. does that make a i difference? methane albeit, much lower quantity much more potent greenhouse critical that we address methane well. although in around probably choose or ten times as much to global warming then methane at the highest level. equally with methane stopping the venting and the release of methane is very important. it was good to see that, that it was explicit in that... before we go give us your final summary of this two weeks particular it comes to call, are we closer to see me and nicole?— see me and nicole? isaac it's important — see me and nicole? isaac it's important to _ see me and nicole? isaac it's important to see _ see me and nicole? isaac it's important to see compared i see me and nicole? isaac it's| important to see compared to see me and nicole? isaac it's i important to see compared to five years ago and i think the rhetoric has definitely moved on. we seen some big announcements, ultimately talk is cheap, what is critical is that we see actual action in the coming weeks. that we see actual action in the coming weeks-— that we see actual action in the cominu weeks. ., ., ., , coming weeks. that language stayed in the document _ coming weeks. that language stayed in the document that _ coming weeks. that language stayed in the document that we _ coming weeks. that language stayed in the document that we will - in the document that we will accelerate getting rid of coal. i think that's are reported. that for ou has think that's are reported. that for you has to — think that's are reported. that for you has to stay — think that's are reported. that for you has to stay in _ think that's are reported. that for you has to stay in the _ think that's are reported. that for you has to stay in the tax. - think that's are reported. that for you has to stay in the tax. it i think that's are reported. that for you has to stay in the tax. it has i you has to stay in the tax. it has to say but we need to notjust accelerated we need to put numbers around that, we need to quantify what the reductions, notjust 2050 but the injury reductions, 2030 that set us on the pathway to limiting. thank you very much. best of luck with your new database which we will be logging into and seeing who owns what. jennifer is going to stay with us on the programme. we can talk an awful lot about the politics of the negotiations that are going on in the back room. we are going to get chris morrissey for a reality check on what's being discussed and really important, where going to hear, what you speak to the climate minister who wouldn't tell us who is standing in the way of an agreement here in glascow. i can tell you he's pointing the finger very firmly at the united states. hello. it's been a quiet day on the weather front today. cloudy and mild, little bits and pieces of rain here and there, but nothing more than that. how about tomorrow? a blustery day on the way, thanks to an area of low pressure that's approaching us right now, and you can see the low pressure here just to the west of our neighbourhood — and these orange colours indicate the warmth that's coming in from the south, so these low pressures often bring mild air from the southern climes, and the mild air is here to stay for the next few days. so here's the weather map for this evening — the lows just to the northwest of us, the rain's already approaching ireland, northern ireland, western scotland, you can see it here. and this is where most of the rain will fall over the next 24 hours. in the south, yes, some rain around through the course of the night, but really not an awful lot. now the temperatures first thing in the morning will be around 11 celsius across the west of the country, maybe 8—9 further east, so it's a mild start to friday. so the low pressure is around about here early in the morning and, basically, it'll cross the uk through the course of the morning and into the afternoon, bringing a spell of rain that will last maybe 2—3 hours in any one location — i think in the south, it's just a showery sort of day and not much rainfall at all. a few sunny spells, but generally a lot of cloud and again, that blustery wind, gusts of around 40—50 mph around some western areas, and you'll notice that wind further inland, as well. so that's friday evening — friday night, the low pressure moves across the uk out into the north sea, and then basically disintegrates — and in its place, a high pressure builds in from the south which is here to stay for the weekend. so the weekend's actually not looking bad at all. for most of us, not clear blue skies, there will be some cloud around, but let's call it sunny spells — a bit of a breeze on the north sea coast here out of the north, so that doesn't mean it might feel chilly on the north coast of norfolk there, around lincolnshire. but generally speaking, i think a mild day with temperatures above the average for the time of year. and not much change is expected into remembrance sunday — you can see from the weather icons, it's more or less the same across the board, so often cloudy with a few sunny spells. the really unsettled weather won't arrive until later on next week. bye— bye. this is bbc news. i'm christian fraser live at the glasgow climate summit. the un chief antonio guterres warns negotiators to pick up the pace. they're trying to reach a meaningful deal before the scheduled end of the conference on friday. among the questions still unresolved, how quickly the world can agree to phase out dirty fossil fuels. and countries on the climate change front—line blame america for a lack of progress. we speak with a senior minister of the pacific island nation, tuvalu. with a day to go until the scheduled end of the un climate summit, the british hosts have warned that clinching a deal remains a monumental challenge. the president of the conference, alok sharma, says more needed to be done on most of the central issues. what are they? let's bring in our reality check correspondent chris morris, who's also here. lots of outstanding issues to resolve but which would you pick out? ~ , ., resolve but which would you pick out? . , ., ., resolve but which would you pick out? ,., , ., out? we should go back first to the main issue of— out? we should go back first to the main issue of the _ out? we should go back first to the main issue of the conference, i out? we should go back first to the main issue of the conference, keepj main issue of the conference, keep 1.5 alive and make sure that global hey richards don't rise by more than 1.5 degrees above preindustrial levels. but we had all these eye—catching announcements on things like deforestation and methane, the stuff the negotiators are really doing is writing the rules, the binding rules that the paris agreement into practice. only by doing that kenny really keep that 1.5 degrees ago within reach and the problem is how do you hold countries to account? one of the thing still not resolved is how often should they review and potentially update their pledges on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. the paris agreement only says it has to be every five years and there is a real plus year for it to become an annual process to really speed things up because everyone says it has to be sped up during the course of the decade. on the other hand there are countries who don't seem to want to go that fast it all. notable that the uk lead negotiator archie young said in a press conference earlier today that one country he did not name but resented remove other countries wanted to cut out references to mitigation, the efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, altogether from the final text so there is a lot going on behind the scenes. aha, lot going on behind the scenes. a lot going on behind the scenes. a lot of it is about money. we will hearin lot of it is about money. we will hear in a minute from developing nations and they want for my money and especially for adaptation. there are two things _ and especially for adaptation. there are two things and _ and especially for adaptation. there are two things and in _ and especially for adaptation. there are two things and in the _ and especially for adaptation. tiee are two things and in the jargon it is adaptation and mitigation. meditation means dealing with the threat of climate change they are facing right now and they say they have not been nearly enough money pledged by the rich world to do that. and of course this is all part of the overall pledge made back in 2009 that $100 billion a year will be sent to the developing world to help them deal with these issues by 2020. we know that has not happened. we reckon with the extra pledges made in the last few days, it might reach about 96 billion by the end of next year but not 100 billion until about 2023. but even that is really just the beginning. there is one line in the draught text we have seen for the end of the summit that the future pledge if you like beyond 2025 should be that that amount should reach $1.3 trillion a year by 2030. we do know if that line is going to survive but it is that sort of scale of ambition the developing countries say they need an otherwise i simply cannot afford to fight the climate change which they same has been caused primarily by the rich world. �* . , been caused primarily by the rich world. �* ., , i. been caused primarily by the rich world. �* . , ,, ,, ., world. and finally your mission should you _ world. and finally your mission should you choose _ world. and finally your mission should you choose to - world. and finally your mission should you choose to exhibit i world. and finally your mission should you choose to exhibit isj world. and finally your mission i should you choose to exhibit is to explain to us the rules. what rules need ironing out? i explain to us the rules. what rules need ironing out?— need ironing out? i mean, a lot of the rules are _ need ironing out? i mean, a lot of the rules are sort _ need ironing out? i mean, a lot of the rules are sort of _ need ironing out? i mean, a lot of the rules are sort of in _ need ironing out? i mean, a lot of the rules are sort of in place i need ironing out? i mean, a lot of the rules are sort of in place but l the rules are sort of in place but one big part of the rules has basically it sort of evaded the best efforts of negotiators for six years. it is hidden in a fairly obscure part of the paris agreement called article six in a lot of it has got to do with carbon markets. that's how you essentially traded emissions of carbon around the world so that the basic idea is that if a rich country is trying to meet its pledges to reduce emissions, maybe it can finance a project in a poor country which helps reduce emissions because in the end a tonne of carbon not going into the sky is the same wherever it come from in the world. but those rules have been found very difficult to pin down partly because of things like double counting. if that carbon is taken out of the air come off the rich country's budget or the poor country's budget. the other bits of these rules, it is very technical stuff but it has evaded the ability of negotiators to pin it down and failed at the last summer and we don't know still if they will succeed at this one in glasgow to finally get those rules agreed. i glasgow to finally get those rules a . reed. ., ., glasgow to finally get those rules aareed. ., ., .,, glasgow to finally get those rules aareed. ., ., , agreed. i thought that was very clear. agreed. i thought that was very clear- the _ agreed. i thought that was very clear. the idea _ agreed. i thought that was very clear. the idea of _ agreed. i thought that was very clear. the idea of a _ agreed. i thought that was very clear. the idea of a new - agreed. i thought that was very | clear. the idea of a new mission impossible but you did it very well. never mission impossible. let’s impossible but you did it very well. never mission impossible. let's see if it is in the — never mission impossible. let's see if it is in the room. _ never mission impossible. let's see if it is in the room. thank _ never mission impossible. let's see if it is in the room. thank you i never mission impossible. let's see if it is in the room. thank you very l if it is in the room. thank you very much indeed, chris morris. small and low—lying island nations are among the most vulnerable to the impact of climate change, countries like tuvalu, in the pacific. the volcanic archipelago halfway between hawaii and australia is just two metres above sea level, and its government is so concerned about rising sea levels that this week it announced it was looking into how to protect its legal status as a nation state after it becomes entirely submerged underwater. tuvalu's minister of finance and climate change is at cop. he told me why it's so important that the earth's surface doesn't heat beyond 1.5 degrees for the island nation. we are at the front—line of climate change. we are living climate change. our land is fast disappearing. we are literally sinking. so, our aim coming to glasgow is to achieve that 1.5 threshold. what we've heard so far from last week and this week, that there is an optimism among countries to achieve that 1.5 trajectory. what we are now hearing from countries like the us, they seem to be holding back in terms of the more ambitious climate ambition. but you want to go beyond the 100 billion that may or may not materialise in 2023. you're talking about 600 billion over 2025 and beyond, and also a secretariat that would look after finance and direct finance towards developing countries. do you get any sense from the united states that they support those kind of moves? no, and that is the disappointment for us. we're desperately in need of climate finance. the pledges that have been made so far, that's one thing. the other problem for us is the challenge of accessing it. being able for vulnerable countries such as tuvalu and the small island states to be able to readily access that money, so there is quite a big cumbersome bureaucracy behind this financial mechanism. and the money's not trickling down to our local communities. but the americans are talking a pretty good game. we've had congress here. we've had speaker pelosi here. we heard from john kerry last night. they tell us that they understand the urgency of the situation. the president said he understood the situation in countries like yours. what you're saying is that in the back rooms, the reality is that, in fact, they stand in the way? so, that was the level of optimism we had at the world leaders segment early last week, when not only the us president, but also other major countries' leaders, they were so very much optimistic and pledging to address issues of climate change. your minister for foreign affairs addressed the conference this week standing in the water. was that a stunt or was that on an area of the island that previously would have been land? yeah, so that's a clear representation of the reality that we are facing in tuvalu. we're literally are sinking. the land is submerging, so that bit of area, we used to have land, but now over the last decade, it had completely disappeared and submerged. and that is happening right across our islands. can you tell me what proportion of it has disappeared? so, on the main capital island, funafuti, 40% of the landmass is now underwater. so, the highest level of the sea, 40% of it is under that high—tide mark. so, that means any strong storm surge or strong cyclone winds, their waters bring the water right across the whole land, and even from underneath the ground, water's just coming through. so, we are literally being submerged, and for a low—lying atoll nation like tuvalu, there is no other option. for them it is an existential threat. tuvalu means eight islands joined together, that's how it translates. this is the 26th un climate conference. but today, we are so much more focused on the issue of climate change compared to the first conference back in 1995. public opinion has swung dramatically in recent years as the science has developed. in fact, across the course of 2020 alone, this tracker poll found 70% of people said they had became more concerned about climate change. and it's notjust young people who are anxious. polling from ipsos mori shows that it's actually pretty evenly spread across the generations. over 70% of people in every age group say they're worried about the climate. and here is an interesting fact. in the uk, people are now significantly more likely to hold the government responsible for tackling climate change, 73% of us, than hold companies or individual citizens to account forfailing to face it head on. let's go through some of those numbers withjessica long. she's head of climate change and sustainability practice at ipsos mori and has been busting myths about perceptions of climate change. and actually just and actuallyjust looking at those figures, the one myth is that you people care but this more than old people. people care but this more than old --eole. . �* , people care but this more than old --eole. ., �*, ., ., , people care but this more than old neale, ., �*, ., ., , �* , people. that's totally true. because of a . e people. that's totally true. because of age everyone _ people. that's totally true. because of age everyone cares _ people. that's totally true. because of age everyone cares about - people. that's totally true. because of age everyone cares about this i people. that's totally true. because | of age everyone cares about this but we break it down a little bit further, we see you people are more angry, probably more indifferent and fatalistic, so one in five people actually believe it you people under 35 believe that there is nothing to be done, it's too late. and we see it a bit more optimistic among older generations. it a bit more optimistic among older generations-— generations. what about all talk about inflation. _ generations. what about all talk about inflation. does _ generations. what about all talk about inflation. does that i generations. what about all talk about inflation. does that not i about inflation. does that not climate change down the running order? , , .., , order? interesting because it de-ends order? interesting because it depends on _ order? interesting because it depends on what _ order? interesting because it depends on what question i order? interesting because it| depends on what question we order? interesting because it i depends on what question we are asking. if we say what worries you most commit becomes number five climate change in issues because obviously access to adequate health care because of covid—19, paying your mortgage having a roof over your mortgage having a roof over your head and feeding children are always more immediate threats and will be prioritised, but overall concern as at an all—time high. if the number one value according to our global trends survey that unites the world is concern over climate change and at 3% of us feel that we are headed for a climate disaster unless we change actions quickly. the all fear the same way or did they view the issue differently? they are both concerned but to the young view it differently to old? they have more stake in the game, right? they are the ones it will have to live through the consequences of this, and suffer them they want change. they are less likely it, older generations or mummy to recycle and you can assume personal responsibility be younger generations are more likely to attend protests, to boycott, to sign petitions, to put pressure on industry and government for that soothing change. i industry and government for that soothing change.— industry and government for that soothing change. i wonder if your al will soothing change. i wonder if your pal will look— soothing change. i wonder if your pal will look differently _ soothing change. i wonder if your pal will look differently if - soothing change. i wonder if your pal will look differently if you i soothing change. i wonder if your pal will look differently if you did | pal will look differently if you did it in the global south. would be different to the global north? latte different to the global north? we do, we different to the global north? - do, we have apples that this is a 30 country study and in the global south people tend to feel the impacts of climate change more acutely and so was interesting there is they start to make linkages, for example 55% of people globally feel the pandemic is in some way linked to artistry about the planet and that skews towards people living in the south. so they also demand more pressure on government as well. so there is an urgency there and a direct impact to livelihoods that is not fail as directly in the global north. 50 not fail as directly in the global north. not fail as directly in the global north, ., .., not fail as directly in the global north. ., ., ., north. so we all care about it more and all think— north. so we all care about it more and all think about _ north. so we all care about it more and all think about it _ north. so we all care about it more and all think about it but _ north. so we all care about it more and all think about it but if- north. so we all care about it more and all think about it but if we i north. so we all care about it more and all think about it but if we did i and all think about it but if we did we would vote on it but politicians think we will move one of the elves next week i'm a climate change will be such an issue and not an issue of the ballot box. latte be such an issue and not an issue of the ballot box.— be such an issue and not an issue of the ballot box. we know that whether it's the ballot box. we know that whether its government _ the ballot box. we know that whether it's government or— the ballot box. we know that whether it's government or industry, - the ballot box. we know that whether it's government or industry, that i the ballot box. we know that whether it's government or industry, that we i its government or industry, that we know the public generally want that leadership that they demand and they have given a mandate to act. and we always say here if we had a referendum on the congestions on in london we would not have a congestions in london. mama given a mandate to act and they don't need to necessarily ask for permission but i need to move forward and demonstrate that leadership and leadership and transparency and accountability as i move forward. jessica, thank you very much for coming and interesting to hear attitudes shifting and maybe perhaps forms or hardened by the events of the last week as well. thank you very much indeed. stay with us on bbc news. still to come, in the last few hours of climate negotiations here at cop, how likely is it that world leaders will hammer out a deal? 400 million people across the world rely on mountain glaciers for the water they drink as well as for farming, but rising temperatures means glaciers across the himalayas are shrinking. many villages are facing a water crisi, as the bbc�*s aamir peerzada reports from india. climate change has reached the very top of the world. here in the himalayas, the glaciers are melting and villagers are running out of water. ladakh in northern india is the new front—line. translation: this is our only water source for drinking, _ washing clothes and for our cattle. this is our only source of water during winter. just this. ladakh is a cold desert. it gets just ten centimetres of rain every year, and it's hard to grow anything when temperatures can drop to —30 degrees. over the past four decades, glaciers have shrunk rapidly across the himalayas due to global warming. translation: there is no water left to irrigate the crops. _ this one tap is not enough for the whole village, so we are forced to leave our village. half the people from the village have been forced to migrate down the valley in search of water. they had to build a canal to divert a river. they have been left behind, and nobody is coming to help them. unless the world acts to stop global warming, there will be nobody left living on top of the world. aamir peerzada, bbc news, ladakh. we know the african continent is already feeling the pressure of global warming. ghana's eastern coast have been subjected to tidal waves and flooding for the third time this year, which experts say is down to the effects of climate change. this week alone, around 3000 people have been displaced in the volta region, from where our ghana correspondent thomas naadi reports. this is what remains of the devastating impact of coastal erosion caused by sea—level rise. homes and livelihoods destroyed, and land is located between the volta and the atlantic ocean. this is how the entire area has transformed since 2016, and there's no sign of slowing down. almost 100 metres of land has been lost in the last 35 years. that's according to the institute for environmental and sanitation studies of the university of ghana. many communities have given up here, and others are bracing themselves for more erosion. this school has been relocated three times, and now it's completely shut down because of coastal erosion. the children have to take a boat right across the volta lake to the next village to access education. the people in thiis fishing community have been hit hard by the ever—changing coastline. i don't have no food to eat, i don't have no place to sleep, i don't have any place to go and do anything. so, this is a programme... local community leaders showed me around to see the extent of damage. what's happening now, i haven't seen before. ijust woke up this not realising that the local community is gone. a day liks this, it's amazing. for communities that have been cut off by coastal erosion, narrow tranches like these have been carved through mangrove jungles to be able to access them. ghana's coastline stretches over 500 kilometres, but the government has only managed to build sea defences to protect a few villages. experts say this is not even sustainable. we're trying to solve i a problem at one location, but send the problem downstream. sediment builds on the beaches, i but in the act of trapping sediment, you are depriving other areas of sediment, so that - will definitely- increase erosion there. what we suggest is that i if the area is very critical, like we are seeing, - people should be relocated. and we really need to understand i the science behind what is going on, so research. the villagers here would like to see more action and less talk from the leaders. for now, they fight a losing battle against the advancing coastline. jennifer tollmann, senior policy adviser at e3g, is still with us. before we in the programme, let's just look to the future because tomorrow we will think where does this go next? or does it go next for you? i this go next? or does it go next for ou? ~' ., this go next? or does it go next for ou? “ ., ~ , this go next? or does it go next for ou? ~ ., ., , ., , you? i think for me it really goes into the g7 _ you? i think for me it really goes into the g7 next _ you? i think for me it really goes into the g7 next year— you? i think for me it really goes into the g7 next year with - you? i think for me it really goes into the g7 next year with the i into the g7 next year with the germans because a lot of what we have her here is not actually things this big un conference where it is consensus among 193 countries can fix, so things like what are we going to do about actually getting those trillions mobilised? they say we need about1 trillion by year by 2030 just for the clean energy transition in emerging countries... you are not going to get that. it’s you are not going to get that. it's an immense amount of money. if you are asking developing countries to move away from coal you to give them a reason or finance to do it.— a reason or finance to do it. you'll have to give _ a reason or finance to do it. you'll have to give them _ a reason or finance to do it. you'll have to give them a _ a reason or finance to do it. you'll have to give them a reason i a reason or finance to do it. you'll i have to give them a reason because a reason or finance to do it. you'll - have to give them a reason because a lot of times coal is not always the cheapest option but the biggest issueis cheapest option but the biggest issue is access to affordable financials of this sounds geeky but if you go to a bank for a loan, if the loan cannot be afforded and it is too high interest, you will not do it so how can we get these countries access to affordable money and a really good example that came out of this summit not a decision in the announcements last week was a reached with south africa for this exactly? forsupporting reached with south africa for this exactly? for supporting the phase out of coal and a just transition in supporting their workers to actually shift out of coal and that was a deal struck by the us, germany, france and the european commission. but we cannot have four countries having to come together every single time you want to have a country get out of this we need a better approach ness will develop a banks come in. ~ . ., approach ness will develop a banks comein. ~ . ., approach ness will develop a banks comein. ~ . . , , come in. multilateral banks because that is the un _ come in. multilateral banks because that is the un was _ come in. multilateral banks because that is the un was in _ come in. multilateral banks because that is the un was in fairly - come in. multilateral banks because that is the un was in fairly stiff- that is the un was in fairly stiff things to say about multilateral banks this week. i things to say about multilateral banks this week.— banks this week. i speak fluent diplomacy. _ banks this week. i speak fluent diplomacy. and _ banks this week. i speak fluent diplomacy, and that _ banks this week. i speak fluent diplomacy, and that was - banks this week. i speak fluentj diplomacy, and that was weave banks this week. i speak fluent l diplomacy, and that was weave a banks this week. i speak fluent - diplomacy, and that was weave a big problem in diplomacy. so the world bank is really not pulling its weight is the sad realityjust based on the tone for other development banks. the european development bank, the european investment bank is best in class or amongst the best in class in terms of making sure their portfolio does not go into harmful things. and that is the most basic step, stopped funding the bad stuff and then... bath basic step, stopped funding the bad stuff and then. . ._ stuff and then... both multilateral banks, the — stuff and then... both multilateral banks, the imf — stuff and then... both multilateral banks, the imf and _ stuff and then... both multilateral banks, the imf and the _ stuff and then. .. both multilateral banks, the imf and the royal- stuff and then... both multilateral| banks, the imf and the royal bank are funding fossilfuel. banks, the imf and the royal bank are funding fossil fuel. {3.35 are funding fossil fuel. gas proieets. — are funding fossil fuel. gas projects, certainly - are funding fossil fuel. (17.3 projects, certainly yes. the are funding fossil fuel. 6:3 projects, certainly yes. the tech term his parents a line when they going to start putting money into their good stuff and that's really what we need to see them start doing because really the only way you can get these trillions mobilised is not through aid and to be honest the countries that needed the most come as the big emerging countries, it would not go through aid. the way they are actually going to get that mobilised it through development banks bringing in that private money but you need the public money to make it less risky. because you were always going to choose as a private investor to invest in germany over vietnam, it'sjust less investor to invest in germany over vietnam, it's just less risky. investor to invest in germany over vietnam, it'sjust less risky. so what role the lease development banks play and actually getting this money to the man.— banks play and actually getting this money to the man. though one thing we learned today _ money to the man. though one thing we learned today is _ money to the man. though one thing we learned today is will _ money to the man. though one thing we learned today is will be _ money to the man. though one thing we learned today is will be go - money to the man. though one thing we learned today is will be go next i we learned today is will he go next with the summit because we know it is egypt and 2027. it’s with the summit because we know it is egypt and 2021— is egypt and 2027. it's been a coule is egypt and 2027. it's been a coursle of _ is egypt and 2027. it's been a couple of years _ is egypt and 2027. it's been a couple of years as _ is egypt and 2027. it's been a couple of years as we - is egypt and 2027. it's been a couple of years as we had - is egypt and 2027. it's been a l couple of years as we had one. is egypt and 2027. it's been a - couple of years as we had one. 27 and a 28 in the uae because those are big gas producing countries. i are big gas producing countries. i think one of the things we can hopefully say if they will have a real interest in talking aboutjust transition but it does obviously mean that campaigners in particular are very keen to keep some of that fossil language in this text because how likely are you to get that in saudi arabia? we how likely are you to get that in saudi arabia?— how likely are you to get that in saudi arabia? we are going to get out of this text _ saudi arabia? we are going to get out of this text a _ saudi arabia? we are going to get out of this text a meeting - saudi arabia? we are going to get out of this text a meeting every i out of this text a meeting every year. do you think that?- out of this text a meeting every year. do you think that? that's what serious looks _ year. do you think that? that's what serious looks like _ year. do you think that? that's what serious looks like that's _ year. do you think that? that's what serious looks like that's what - serious looks like that's what digging this crisis seriously looks like, meeting up every year to say where can we do more, how can we implement things we've already promised and how are we supporting each other in doing that? that is certainly what we think a credible outcome looks like.— certainly what we think a credible outcome looks like. thank you very much for your— outcome looks like. thank you very much for your company _ outcome looks like. thank you very much for your company this - outcome looks like. thank you very i much for your company this evening, great to get your expertise. plenty on the bbc website on all the different technical discussions that are going on here but we will be here of course through the night and will be back first thing in the morning, waiting for that draught medicaid and the detail that's in it so stay with us here on bbc news. hello. thanks for tuning in. and it's time to have a look at the weather for the next week or so, and if you've been tracking the forecasts for the last few days, not an awful lot has changed. in fact, it's going to stay mild for the next few days, and you can see on this animation through the course of this week and indeed into the weekend, we keep getting these pulses of mild air from the southern climes. and they are brought by areas of low pressure. so, yes, low pressure brings us cloud, wind and rain, but it's also responsible for shunting in the warmth from the south ever northwards. so, this is the satellite picture, and you can see an area of low pressure just approaching us right now. in fact, during the course of friday, it will be right over us. and quite a few isobars here, so that means strong winds blowing around it like so. and they will be very gusty, particularly around these western coasts. 140—50 mph, so just about gale—force. but the winds will be pushing the clouds along fairly quickly on friday. there will be some rain around, but it will be moving through fairly swiftly, as you can imagine, on those strong winds. and it's mild atlantic air, so you can see those temperatures above the average for the time of the year. now, that area of low pressure, friday night, will be moving out into the north sea. the winds will slow down as well, so that means that saturday is looking a lot calmer. in fact, there's not much left of that area of low pressure. in its place, high pressure builds, and high pressure means lighter winds, more settled conditions. but by no means is it going to be a sunny day on saturday. in fact, farfrom it. fairly cloudy and there's still a bit of a breeze along the north sea coast here, so perhaps feeling a little cooler here, but generally speaking, again, temperatures above average. 1a in belfast, iii—15 there across other western parts of the uk. here's a look at sunday's weather forecast. a weather front just about clips the north west of the uk, so some rain for the western isles of scotland, maybe nudging into northern ireland. but the broad message is that both saturday and sunday are going to be dry for the vast majority of the uk. here's that weak weather front in the north west, it's out of the way, and you can see on monday a big area of high pressure stretching in fact all the way from western parts of russia out into the atlantic. we're right in the middle of it. sometimes weather fronts do get stuck in the middle of high pressures, and this is where you see that cloud here, that line, that's the weather front, but there's hardly any rain on it, maybe just a few dribs and drabs. notice also on monday the temperatures are a little lower, around 11—12 degrees. and then monday and tuesday, we still have high pressure, but it's already starting to change out in the atlantic. we'll have a look at that in just a second. so, monday, tuesday, settled, but these weather fronts from around tuesday onwards are starting to encroach. they're getting a little bit closer now. still a dry day, a little bit cooler, maybe 10—12 degrees celsius, but from wednesday and certainly thursday onwards, the jet stream takes on a different pattern. so, here it is north of us with the high pressure to the south, but then it starts to undulate, spin up these areas of low pressure. and you can see it points at us, so that means that the weather fronts, the low pressures that is, will be heading towards us. it means that monday, tuesday and probably wednesday next week will be settled, settled weather there for the start of the week, but then rain and wind expected as that jet stream starts to steer towards us, sending the low pressures and the weather fronts our way. but until then, certainly a lot of mild weather around. tonight at ten — a record number of people are now having to wait for routine hospital treatment in england. at this rate, according to nhs leaders, the strain on the service this winter will be unsustainable. things are already very, very difficult in the health service. it is compromising patient safety, it is compromising quality of service. we talk to one nhs front—line worker who says the public need to be aware of the reality of the situation. i've been out to people who've been on the floor for in excess of 20 hours and we've just not had the resource to go to them. we'll have more on today's warnings, with similar pressure being reported in all parts of the uk. also tonight... fw de klerk, who released nelson mandela from prison and ended white rule in south africa, has died at the age of 85. is a deal on climate change in sight?

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