the reputation of our democracy and our country, and so this is far from a one—off. police in texas have opened a criminal investigation into a crush at a music festival in houston in which eight people died. officers are also investigating unconfirmed reports of audience members being injected with drugs. another premier league manager gets the sack — aston villa's dean smith becomes the second to be fired this weekend. now on bbc news we have a global climate debate special, with kirsty wark. a global climate debate time is running out for global leaders to make the binding promises on climate change needed to save the planet for the next generation and generations to come. in this debate from cop26 in glasgow, young people from around the world will be asking four leading international political figures tough questions about the commitment to averting environmental disaster and finding solutions for change. music. hello and welcome, wherever you are, to the bbc�*s big global climate debate. the latest report from the intergovernmental panel on climate change warned that it is now code red for humanity. the british prime minister, boris johnson, had said, "if we do not get serious about climate today it will be too late for our children to do so tomorrow." so, from ending coal mining and oil drilling, to cutting air travel and keeping rich countries to their now delayed commitment to poorer ones, our panel was put through their environmental paces, so let's meet them. kwasi kwarteng is the secretary of state for business, energy and industrial strategy. the uk government are hosting the cop conference and say young people have every right to be angry on the lack of action on climate change. the uk is committed to net—zero by 2050, but will the government sanction a controversial new oilfield in the north sea? the decision on the campbell oilfield near shetland will be made soon, and maybe kwasi kwarteng will tell us tonight what that decision will be. gina mccarthy is the first white house national climate advisor. as well as working for president biden, she also served president obama as the head of the us environmental protection agency. she says we are at cop26 to accelerate action, but america does not entirely clean hands, it is the fracking capital of the world which comes with its own environmental concerns. mute egede is the new prime minister of greenland, the country president trump wanted to buy! earlier, prime minister egede — the youngest prime minister in the world at the age of 3a — said that with the arctic warming at the rate three times faster than the rest of the world, greenland is experiencing the drastic changes first hand. and diego mesa is columbia's minister of mines and energy. previouslym he oversaw the country's energy transformation policy, including increasing the share of renewable energy from i% to 12% but colombian exports of coal, the world's the dirtiest fossil fuel, have jumped in 2021, and deforestation continues to increase, despite promises from the government to reduce it. welcome to you all! applause. so, let's go to our first question from the banks of the mississippi in missouri. your question please? my question is what are the plans for effective international cooperation when neither president xijinping or vladimir putin are attending cop26. thank very much, indeed. how do we make sure this just isn't just "blah blah blah" particular without these two leaders? i think the fact the leaders are not here, is not actually that significant because what we're seeing are literally thousands of people in glasgow, coming together, to tackle climate change. i think dakota's question is quite right, it's notjust a question of words. we have we have things like the coal alliance, and we're trying to move away from coal. there is an undertaking to do that and committed for a joint international stand on electric vehicles. these are substantive words, kirsty, notjust declarations. but borisjohnson asked president xijinping to bring forward peak emmisions from 2030 to 2025 and there has been a resounding silence. there has been huge movement, actually, in china for the last two years. i was made energy minister 2.5 years ago and i was told quite frankly they were not committed. last year, for the first time now committed to net zero x 2060 and i completely agree that they could be persuaded to have more ambitious targets, but the fact that they acknowledge there is a problem and i have a net zero target by 2060 is really significant. russia does not even have a target yet, how do you feel about the fact that vladimir putin is not here? let me see, all we need is action. |we need to put all the countries inj the room to take care of our planet and the action will start from us. i am one of the youngest leaders in the world. - it is in action. i'm the youngest leader in the world and we have stopped our own oil- and gas exploration... so are you just announcing that now? we announced it in the summer, but now we have announced - that we will be part of the parisi agreement and we have stopped uranium mining in greenland. action is the answer. diego, what do you make of this question? the whole world has to take responsibility, it doesn't matter if you are because small and i will give you an example of columbia. we have at least three cabinet ministers attending glasgow, columbia is a very small emitter of co2 emissions, we only represent 0.6% of total co2 emissions but we are committed to cut, by 51%, our emissions by 2030 and we already presented today a carbon neutrality roadmap for 2050. i've heard you say this before, you feel that colombia is very much a leader in the region but we have not got a target from brazil, your neighbour? yes, but we are leading a coalition in latin america to get to 70% as a region, made up of renewables by 2030. we are convincing brazil and other countries to join, 12 countries have already signed, and we hope to get to 15 countries in glasgow. from your point of view, do you think that it is possible to move forward without two major powers, the delegations are here, but as our questioner said, now that vladimir putin and president xijinping are here, they make very big decisions. the first thing i would say is i am not making excuses for china and russia, they need to be here. that's plain and simple. they are two large, developed countries that need to take action, so they ought to be here, but that does not mean that we will allow them to decide the fate of the world! oor what we're doing, so one of the challenges is to make sure that we take action in a that will allow us to add the economic benefits of clean energy. we should show them that they are missing out if they do not join us and take action, they will miss out. i am disappointed they are not here, but they should not be allowed to dictate the lack of action or lack of exhilaration. science is telling us what we need to do, and we are here to get it done. dakota, coming quickly to you, what you are what you have heard? i think the situation is to dire for us not to collaborate and we should try the hardest, but we have to do this and collaborate with each other, not just for ourselves but for everyone, for the next generation. thank you very much. another question please. as developed countries are responsible for climate change, what are your strategies for a sustained poorer nations to achieve a balance between economic growth and sustainability? coming back to you on that, gina mccarthy, because the long promised $100 billion and it was meted at 2009 in copenhagen and delayed not once but twice, and developing countries have every right to feel that they are being asked to do so much without actually the financial encouragement they need? i think we came here fully prepared to make commitments. we are quadrupling what we have done before, and we are also starting up a new initiative with other countries that is all about the developed world actually providing the support that the developing world needs. there is no question in president biden in his remarks today did not hold any punches in terms of admitting that we have enhanced responsibility to help the rest of the world, and that is what we intend to do. i just have to say it was a rather strange look when president biden went to see the pope and the motorcade was 85 cars long, normally a5, and that is not a good look, is that? i actually went to visit the pope once quite a while ago and he drove up in a very small fee fiat, you know, and we know it's challenging and we know that _ transportation is the biggest greenhouse polluter, at least in the us. ao we need to make change and that is what we have to do but it would take more than whether or not there is a big motorcade. but all the little actions matter. everybody wants to see the little actions, and funnily enough, on that very question, do you agree with borisjohnson who said that plastic recycling is really not what this is about. surely, everyone has a duty to do what they can? i think that is true, but, you know, there are big issues. the financing issue that was raised is critical. as you say, kirsty, we said this in 2009, and that is why in the british government i have was maintained that we have got to have an international coalition and we have to bring people to actually be as good as their word, and that is what we're to do. that is one of the key points, as gina said, of the conference this year here. in terms of greenland, what do you want? you want to become sustainable. you need help from this $100 billion, and it's not coming through at the moment. we need help, but we have started in our country from the 90s - to invest in hydropower- and in the next five—six years we will have a goal to be _ up to 90% of our energy will come from hydropower, so it isl possible to do something. so now our mission is- that we have a lot of water and a lot of green energy, - we can export out into the rest of the world. we have stopped all oil. exploration of oil and gas and we have one of the world's biggest deposits of oil- and gas but we have stopped this because we have a lot | of water that we can use to create | energy and i hope the big energies, who have a big responsibility- to take these steps, _ will be ready to invest like that. applause. actually, i should quickly ask you, what was your reaction when president trump wanted to buy you? it was absurd. you should have up offered to buy him! what do you need, diego, to become sustainable that you are not getting? because colombia is making certain strides but you are a developing country in terms of the $100 billion as well. i think the question is, right on, developed countries have to commit on what they promise and in colombia, in your introduction you mentioned our export of coal. i have two provinces in my country, 40% of the gdp depends on coal so the energy transition has to be just but well managed and people centred, and i need developed countries to invest in other technologies such as green hydrogen, and for example, colombia, it so happens that these two provinces have the best wind and solar radiation in the world. we need to get the funds to develop a green hydrogen economy in this specific case, so we can think about phasing out of coal but we have to think about the people who depend on the coal right now. i think i'm right to say that some of the private finance for the 100 billion did not come forward in the way you expected? we are encouraging people to come forward and as diego said, - it is a transition and that is why| we have reinvested $11.4 billion to the international climate fund, that again we are leaders - in that, and we are proud . of our commitment to that. back to the questioner, do you have any reaction to what you have heard? i do think international collaboration and financial aid is critical that we want to realise climate justice. thank you. applause. thank you very much indeed. we can take another question in the studio from daniel, from argyll. your question please? thank you. how do you intend to reduce the impact of rising sea levels on our towns and cities? well, on that very question, jakarta, indonesia has announced the capital will move to borneo from jakarta because the capital is sinking, 25% of the population of vietnam and 50% of the population of the netherlands are at risk of rising sea levels. mute, enough ice melted on a single day in greenland to cover florida in two inches of water. you must be seeing this day in day out? we see it daily. all these things, it is coming up to the arctic and it is not staying in the arctic. it is coming back as melted ice. so that's why we need to take action. it is right now, it is not time for blah blah blah. it is time to make some action and start with the world leaders, and when the world leaders have some goals, and some solutions and corroborate together, we can do something for this question. you don't have to look far to see the damage associated with climate right now. i mean, i think part of the advantage of that is, you know, i am not fighting odf climate deniers anymore. the questionjust is, how do we solve this? how do we do it fast? i think daniel's point is absolutely right. i that is why we are all here, to deal with these kinds - of imminent threats. we all point about the fact that so many more peoplej get the argument now. i mean, ten years ago- when i came into parliament, there were still people saying l it is all hoax, it is all nonsense. but the numbers of those people has dwindled, - cos they see the evidence. they are very, very focused - on what daniel was talking about. and in that context, that is why, iyou know, i talk about coal, i moving away from coal, - i think that is something i am moving very fast on and building an international coalition. - and again, this finance point, - because it is only to refinance that you are actually going to empower the developing world, _ which is bigger than the developed countries, in terms of people, - to actually decarbonise . and fight climate change. i've been doing this, going to cops since your age, and this is the first time i really feel like there is opportunity for accelerated action. because it is so desperate? and because young people are pushing for it. you are here because you care about this, and guess what. you are worried and we are worried. we ought to be worried! it is extraordinary, because when i look back on footage of paris in 2015, when we got the agreement, people were crying. people were crying. another six years, and we are still trying to catch up with that emotion. columbia, on the whole question of cities and sinking and so forth, how badly is columbia affected? this past year, for the first time ever, we had a hurricane category five hitting an island in colombia. the first time in history. it completely destroyed an island. and it's an island that has at the second largest coral reef in the world. so it is putting in danger not only people but also our biodiversity in colombia. so even though we don't admit, cos this is not fair, we only emit 0.6%, we are one of the 20 most vulnerable countries to climate change events. coming back to you, kwasi kwarteng, much more could be done. we talk about this 100 billion, but you need to take more responsibility for it, don't you? we do, and that is one of the reasons why, well, the prime minister said this morning, the cash element is absolutely critical. that is why we saying that we're trying to get broader agreement, as gina understands, and acknowledges that this is one of the top priorities of this cop — the $100 billion committed, we really want to deliver on this. we really wanted to deliver it in 2020, we really want to deliver in 2021, we might not deliver in 2022. well, i am very hopeful that we can deliver it. you're quite right, i completely agree that we should be doing more. but we have moved some way. i'm with you. things are different now than they were before. i they are blatant, - in your face challenges. we cannot run away from them. no. let's take another question, and that is from leahjoshua, who joins us from outside the sydney opera house in australia. let's have your question, and a very good morning to you, leahjosha. good morning to you, too. i am leahjosha, i am 12 years old and i live in sydney, australia. this is what really worries me. australia has said they have no plans to stop mining and exploiting coal beyond 2030. it will be my generation that has to live with the consequences of decisions like these. my question to the leaders is, how can we rid the world of coal? thanks very much indeed, leah. just to add to that, according to the international energy agency, the level of coal production forecast for 2050 is four times the limit needed to reach and at the zero emissions by 2050, which is a pretty terrifying thought. first of all, diego, you said in september that colombian coal production is expected to rebound by [io—50% by 2021, because demand is strong and international prices are high. this is balanced, isn't it, by having an economic future but also combating the climate crisis. i mean, how radical is your ideas for reduction in coal? we don't burn the cold that we produce. no, you send it out. we send it out. which is not good either. but we need to agree on something here. the problem is not the source of energy. the problem is emissions. so if we find a way to mitigate or eliminate the emissions from coal, then we should be ok, and we have carbon capture and storage, so for example, as part of the transition in colombia, and i have discussed this with kwasi, when we took, for example, blue hydrogen, which blue hydrogen, which is using coal, but capturing all the c02 that is emitted during the process, that should be fine. and when we think about what are we going to do with the families that depend on this coal, we need to think about a transition. because i cannot eliminate coal overnight, and then have 100,000... but you do want to eliminate coal? let's be clear. you do want to eliminate coal? i want to eliminate emissions. if we have... that is a different thing. yes. the problem is not the energy source, the problem are the emissions that are emitted from different energy sources. we have discussed this, and i think there are two elements to this. i think we have to reduce the emissions. we are committed to that. but we also have to, and this is critical, develop carbon capture and mitigants, so those two things have to go together. but hang on, alec sharma said, this must be the cop that consigns coal to history, and he is the president of cop. so, what he meant by that is that if you look at the uk's energy generation, only eight years ago, nine years ago now in 2012, everybody here was alive in 2012, 40% of the electricity you consumed in the uk came from coal. today the percentages 1—2%. that is what we want to see, in terms of thermal coal and power generation. there are industrial processes where coal is used, and that is where we want to actually develop carbon capture, to net off emissions. because it is a net zero target. i know you want to move on, but... it is a net zero target. and net zero target, you have to develop carbon capture to net off the emissions. that is what we're trying to do. well, greenland has coal but is not mining cold, so what do you make of this idea that it is all about the emissions, not about the fundamentals of weaning the world off coal? i am...i can understand diego. there are some people's living, who make some money to work in these mines. all we need is the investments from the mining to go toward the green energy and green technology, and that is why we need to make, to take action, and invest. the big countries, the big economies, have a responsibility to do that. i agree with that. if we can start from today, we can make the transition to the green energy and the green technology. applause. i agree with that 100%... i agree with that. and if i may say- something really quick? colombia is a middle income country but we still have - significant high poverty rates. so we need to close a lot i of social gaps in colombia, and we do that with royalties, - for example, from the mining sector. but who is demanding the coal? it is europe. it is asia. the demand comes fromj the developed countries. is that a good enough argument, gina mccarthy? i know you have a problem in west virginia, your senator there does not want to push through the big climate package because there is a lot of coal mining there. so is america serious enough about weaning the country off coal? well, we're serious enough that we are investing significantly in ccus — but i would have to say that in the united states, coal is not the fuel of choice. it is waning, and we are looking for opportunities to work a transition so that we recognise that clean energy is the clear winner in the us. just while we're here... 100%. while we are here, the campbell oilfield off shetland is a huge oil field and it is about to either get the go—ahead or not. the government's legal departments as you, the business secretary, can make a decision. when will you make a decision, and do you want campbell to go ahead? i am not going to say the decision here, on television. but is there a decision? they will be a decision... ..coming quickly? all i will say about this is that it is a license but was granted 20 years ago. yes, but it has been revisited. and it is a planning decision that we are going to examine. crowd boos. that's all i'm going to say about that _ as diego said, it is a transition... but why open a new oilfield? one of the things i have negotiated is the northey transition deal. i can't simply say to the quarter million people who work in the sector in the uk that we are going tojust close, shut the door on the sector overnight. leahjosha, we heard from you for the question, what do you make of what you have heard? i appreciate those answers, and i appreciate that you are investing in carbon captures, ijust want you to know that we are all depending on you, and we hope you deliver, because we're running of time. thank you very much. applause. that is all from the global climate debate here in glasgow, the cop26 climate conference. i hope you've found it enlightening and possibly encouraging. thank you to our panellists, kwasi kwarteng, gina mccarthy, diego massa. and also to our questioners from here in the studio and around the world. and whatever you are watching or listening, or as well as online, thank you very much forjoining us. until the next time, goodbye from me and all of the team here in glasgow. goodbye. hello, the wind has certainly been a feature of the day across the north—eastern quarter of scotland. it is likely to remain so until this little ridge of high pressure really does tumble its way across all parts of the british isles. away from that north—eastern quarter, there is a north—westerly breeze to speak of, but it is quite light already across the southern parts of england and wales. and as those skies begin to clear after dark, especially so across the eastern side of england and scotland, this is where we will see the temperatures really falling away. could be a touch of frost in one or two places. out west, different story altogether. increasing amounts of cloud will eventually bring cloud and wind and rain into western scotland through northern ireland, maybe up through the irish sea as well. and there will be bits and pieces of rain until the main rain area gets in across northern ireland, through scotland and eventually into the north—west of england and north wales. further south and east, it is going to be a dry monday for you, and in the sunshine, you could see 13 celsius. this is bbc news. the headlines at six... the family of an unvaccinated mother, who died from covid before she could meet her newborn daughter, urge all mums—to—be to get the vaccine. saiqa parveen was eight months pregnant when she caught the virus — the mother of five died five weeks later. for the sake of god and your loved ones, please get vaccinated. if she had the vaccine, she might live and she might have had a chance of surviving. labour accuses borisjohnson of "corrupt and contemptible behaviour", after he tried to change the rules governing mps conduct — just as one conservative mp had been found to have breached them. the prime minister is trashing the reputation of our democracy and our country, and so this is far from a one—off.

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