china and america aren't among them. and planting trees is often seen as helpful when it comes to climate change, but how impactful is it? i'll look at why it's concerning some experts. owen paterson has decided to resign as the conservative mp for north shropshire. in a statement, he said... these are the events that led to his decision and to a frantic 2a hours. this is owen paterson. he's a conservative mp. he also receives around £100,000 to work for two companies. that's allowed under parliamentary rules. but mr paterson didn't stick to all of the rules. an investigation by the independent standards committee found that mr paterson had repeatedly lobbied ministers and officials on behalf of those two companies. its report says the committee found that mr paterson's actions were "an egregious case of paid advocacy", that he "repeatedly used his privileged position to benefit two companies for whom he was a paid consultant". it recommended a suspension of 30 sitting days in parliament. such a suspension has to be approved by a vote in parliament. normally those votes go through. not this time. borisjohnson and his government decided the process hadn't been fair. instead of playing politics on this issue, which is what they are doing, i think that she needs to consider the procedures of this house in a spirit of fairness. so, rather than accept the process and accept the outcome, the prime minister and his colleagues decided to change the entire way that parliamentary standards are regulated. that's right. this would be done through an amendment put forward by the conservative mp andrea leadsom. the main idea was that the new system would allow for an appeal. here's andrea leadsom making the case. that select committee — which will be politically balanced so it's not some kind of, you know, conservative thing, it's politically balanced — it will review the process, as i say, of fairness and accountability. leader of the house of commons, jacob rees—mogg, was fully supportive. i think the reason it has come now is because of the volume - of complaints that have come - through and the more widespread feeling of unfairness across all benches. i as well as this, the government put a three—line whip behind the vote, the strongest move it can make to ensure its mps offered their support, which the vast majority duly did. the ayes to the right to 50, the nos to the left 232. and this would mean two things — a whole new system would have to be created, and however long that took, owen paterson would avoid any action for his "egregious case of paid advocacy". mr paterson welcomed the vote. well, i'm very grateful to the prime minister and to jacob rees—mogg and andrea leadsom and all those colleagues who did vote for this. they will have taken a political hit, but we will at last not be able to create a proper system based on the rules of an actualjustice. mr paterson welcomed the outcome, but not all conservatives had supported it. the mp angela richardson abstained. later, she tweeted that she'd been sacked from her role working with the cabinet minister michael gove. more on this aspect of the story in a minute. well, while borisjohnson and his mps considered how they'd come to their colleagues rescue, some newspapers were preparing to take aim. the daily mail went for "shameless mps sink back into sleaze". another went for "sleazy does it". and then there was this from the chair of the committee on standards for public life, lord evans. the political system in this country does not belong to one party- or even to one government. it is a common good that we have l all inherited from our forebears and that we all have a responsibility to preserve and to improve. - by the time thursday morning arrived, the criticism had moved up a further gear. in an editorial for the guardian, the opposition labour leader keir starmer accused the government of corruption. and on the bbc�*s today programme, labour mp chris bryant, who chairs the commons standards committee, put it this way. some people yesterday decided, and this is the definition of injustice, that at the very last minute, for a named individual, they would change the rules. that is not what we do in this country. it's what they do in russia. the government, though, was holding its position. also on the today programme was government minister kwasi kwarteng. the vote yesterday was about trying to bring back or bring a sense of fairness, a right of appeal, which owen paterson didn't have. as well as talking about fairness, in another interview with sky news, mr kwarteng said... that's right, kathryn stone, who had carried out thejob that was asked of her, whose report was approved by a cross—party committee of mps, was now being asked to consider her position. and while we all considered the government's approach to parliamentary standards, early afternoon that approach changed. while there is a very strong feeling on both sides of the house - that there is a need - for an appeals process, there is equally a strong - feeling that this should not be based on a single case - or applied retrospectively. here's keir starmer shortly after that u—turn. what they've done is corrupt. and often in a situation like this, you have a prime minister who is trying to lead on public standards. what you've got with this prime minister is a prime minister who is leading his troops through the sewer. all of which came as a surprise to owen paterson. we also got an update from angela richardson. she tweeted she was back in herjob, the one she'd been sacked from. for the moment, the standards system remains in parliament. but owen paterson doesn't. he released a statement saying he'd been... and claiming he was... the problem being that that isn't for mr paterson to decide. in normal circumstances, that falls to the standards committee. and despite the efforts of borisjohnson and his colleagues, for now it still does. which means that while mr paterson talks today of choosing to continue public service "outside the cruel world of politics", and borisjohnson pays tribute to a "friend and colleague", it remains the case that mr paterson was found responsible for "an egregious case of paid advocacy" and when he was unable to avoid the punishment, he chose to walk away. as had the conservatives to the idea of changing the system for the moment at least. damien, this is quite a story and it raises questions on how the government manages its positions on major issues. government manages its positions on major issues-— major issues. absolutely it is left many people _ major issues. absolutely it is left many people with _ major issues. absolutely it is left many people with many - major issues. absolutely it is left i many people with many questions. among _ many people with many questions. among them are conservative mps who yesterday _ among them are conservative mps who yesterday were ordered by boris johnson — yesterday were ordered by boris johnson and the leadership of the party— johnson and the leadership of the party by— johnson and the leadership of the party by the strongest sort of direction _ party by the strongest sort of direction the party can give that they had — direction the party can give that they had to vote to stop the suspension of this mp and for the committee to be set up to reform the procedures _ committee to be set up to reform the procedures. many chose not to follow that direction and that is a pretty significant step to take, so there was quite — significant step to take, so there was quite a sizeable rebellion either— was quite a sizeable rebellion either voting against it or not voting — either voting against it or not voting at— either voting against it or not voting at all. so that caused disquiet— voting at all. so that caused disquiet and angerand voting at all. so that caused disquiet and anger and then the u-turn— disquiet and anger and then the u—turn today and the government hacking _ u—turn today and the government backing away and in effect saying ditching — backing away and in effect saying ditching owen paterson in saying the vote could _ ditching owen paterson in saying the vote could go ahead next week on a suspension — vote could go ahead next week on a suspension for him. that left others ithink— suspension for him. that left others i think also— suspension for him. that left others i think also feeling, conservative mps, _ i think also feeling, conservative mps. also — i think also feeling, conservative mps, also feeling quite upset by that because they had gone through all the _ that because they had gone through all the trauma of yesterday. so guestions — all the trauma of yesterday. so questions there about the sort of decision—making and the party management. but also outside the party, _ management. but also outside the party, i_ management. but also outside the party, i think in parliament and the opposition— party, i think in parliament and the opposition parties and newspapers and more — opposition parties and newspapers and more broadly, questions about this raising — and more broadly, questions about this raising many questions and a lot of— this raising many questions and a lot of criticism, damaging headlines this morning for the government about— this morning for the government about sleaze and not the government popping _ about sleaze and not the government popping approach to the integrity and today we saw coming out the chair _ and today we saw coming out the chair of _ and today we saw coming out the chair of the — and today we saw coming out the chair of the committee on standards in public— chair of the committee on standards in public life, and another senior position— in public life, and another senior position that oversees this, and he was talking — position that oversees this, and he was talking about this being deeply at odds _ was talking about this being deeply at odds with the best traditions of british— at odds with the best traditions of british democracy. so some very serious _ british democracy. so some very serious questions left sort of hanging _ serious questions left sort of hanging in the air.— serious questions left sort of hanging in the air. how we will one thin i'm hanging in the air. how we will one thing i'm wondering _ hanging in the air. how we will one thing i'm wondering and _ hanging in the air. how we will one thing i'm wondering and after- hanging in the air. how we will one| thing i'm wondering and after some viewers are wondering. borisjohnson would have known this was going to cause a stink. he would've been able to predict it so why did he choose to predict it so why did he choose to pick this fight over how standards operate more broadly in parliament at this moment? it’s standards operate more broadly in parliament at this moment? it's the million-dollar— parliament at this moment? it's the million-dollar question. _ parliament at this moment? it's the million-dollar question. everyone . million—dollar question. everyone has been — million—dollar question. everyone has been scratching their heads over this wondering because clearly by doing _ this wondering because clearly by doing this — this wondering because clearly by doing this it has cost this huge stink— doing this it has cost this huge stink and — doing this it has cost this huge stink and a very swift and damaging u-turn _ stink and a very swift and damaging u-turn so. — stink and a very swift and damaging u—turn. so, why? nobody really knows the answer~ _ u—turn. so, why? nobody really knows the answer~ is — u—turn. so, why? nobody really knows the answer. is it something to do with the — the answer. is it something to do with the fact that owen paterson some _ with the fact that owen paterson some say— with the fact that owen paterson some say he was a senior conservative and so other conservatives have relayed around him _ conservatives have relayed around him. others say this is to do with the way— him. others say this is to do with the way the — him. others say this is to do with the way the system works and the need _ the way the system works and the need to— the way the system works and the need to update it and the fact that mps of— need to update it and the fact that mp5 of different parties think that there _ mp5 of different parties think that there is— mp5 of different parties think that there is something perhaps in that argument — there is something perhaps in that argument. others have pointed to the fact that _ argument. others have pointed to the fact that the person who you highlighted earlier that was being held in— highlighted earlier that was being held in his resignation, the independent commissioner for standards who did the original report— standards who did the original report and who found owen paterson had broken _ report and who found owen paterson had broken the rules agree some also saying _ had broken the rules agree some also saying is— had broken the rules agree some also saying is about trying to pressure her because she is investigating other— her because she is investigating other cases as well. so the government position is that you said this has— government position is that you said this has put— government position is that you said this has put us at the question about— this has put us at the question about reforming the system but the government position actually is still that— government position actually is still that it should be and needs to be still that it should be and needs to he looked — still that it should be and needs to be looked at and there should be changes— be looked at and there should be changes but they are now saying that needs— changes but they are now saying that needs to _ changes but they are now saying that needs to be with the agreement of all parties — needs to be with the agreement of all parties. how to get that now there has— all parties. how to get that now there has been such a row about this is going _ there has been such a row about this is going to _ there has been such a row about this is going to be a difficult thing. all right, _ is going to be a difficult thing. all right, thank you very much indeed, life from westminster. let's turn to ethiopia now, where it's exactly one year since the conflict in the north of the country started, fighting has been escalating. tigrayan fighters are continuing their advance south towards the capital, seizing key cities on the way. last week, the tigray people's liberation front, the tplf for short, took over the strategic towns of dessie and kombolche, a key moment for the fighters. now they say they have taken kemise, a key administrative town on a major highwayjust 330 kilometres north of addis ababa. our correspodnent kalkidan yibeltal sent us this update from the capital. residents here have been told to register any personal weapons they possess and organise themselves in their neighbourhoods to defend their city. and be vigilant of what the government calls infiltrators. a nationwide state of emergency has now been declared as an alliance of freedom forces continues to make advances and considers marching on the capital. however, there appears to be a feeling of normality here with everyday activities continuing as usual. but the tension is palpable and growing. the conflict has been devastating. thousands of people have been killed, millions more have been displaced and hundreds of thousands are facing famine conditions. and the international community is stepping in. the us envoy to the horn of africa, jeffrey feltman, is visiting addis ababa to press for a halt to military operations and a start to ceasefire talks. the european union have also called for a ceasefire, while kenya has increased security along its border with ethiopia. and this is the president of the international committee for the red cross. at the present moment, we don't see the light at the end of the tunnel. the message to all parties to a conflict is always the same. the earlier we find the political solution bringing us out of the conflict, the better it is. because let's not fool ourselves. even if the conflict stops tomorrow, we will still have hundreds of thousands of people displaced and enormous needs. so far, neither side looks ready to come to the negotiating table. on wednesday, ethiopia's prime minister, abiy ahmed, vowed to "bury this enemy with our blood and bones". and earlier, my colleague matthew amroliwala spoke with a spokesman for the tigrayan people's liberation front and got his reaction to the prime minsiter�*s threat. we have seen this movie several times over. - abiy's spoken threat has always been vowing to bury his enemies. - that would include people, i that would include children. i can only say that he is making the same vow except this - time around, he's not going to fool anyone. | as i mentioned earlier, there is concern now that the tigrayan fighters will continue advancing on the capital. here is spokesman again questioned by matthew on that. we will possibly enter the capital. for us— we will possibly enter the capital. for us marching _ we will possibly enter the capital. for us marching on— we will possibly enter the capital. for us marching on the _ we will possibly enter the capital. for us marching on the capital- we will possibly enter the capital. for us marching on the capital is. for us marching on the capital is not about— for us marching on the capital is not about taking _ for us marching on the capital is not about taking the _ for us marching on the capital is not about taking the capital - for us marching on the capital is not about taking the capital and | not about taking the capital and seizing — not about taking the capital and seizing power. _ not about taking the capital and seizing power, it— not about taking the capital and seizing power, it is— not about taking the capital and seizing power, it is about - not about taking the capital and i seizing power, it is about making sure _ seizing power, it is about making sure that — seizing power, it is about making sure that the _ seizing power, it is about making sure that the prime _ seizing power, it is about making sure that the prime minister's i seizing power, it is about making i sure that the prime minister's three on people _ sure that the prime minister's three on people of— sure that the prime minister's three on people of tigraym _ sure that the prime minister's three on people of tigray... you- sure that the prime minister's three on people of tigray. . ._ on people of tigray. .. you say that as justification _ on people of tigray. .. you say that asjustification but _ on people of tigray. .. you say that asjustification but the _ on people of tigray. .. you say that asjustification but the problem - asjustification but the problem here is the prime minister already has urged people, called them to arms. if yourfighters into has urged people, called them to arms. if your fighters into the capital as well, there is huge potential for terrible consequences, is there not?— is there not? look, he has been tellin: is there not? look, he has been telling people — is there not? look, he has been telling people to _ is there not? look, he has been telling people to buy _ is there not? look, he has been telling people to buy our- is there not? look, he has beenj telling people to buy our forces. despite — telling people to buy our forces. despite repeated _ telling people to buy our forces. despite repeated threats - telling people to buy our forces. despite repeated threats by - telling people to buy our forces. despite repeated threats by him telling people to buy our forces. . despite repeated threats by him to send human— despite repeated threats by him to send human wave _ despite repeated threats by him to send human wave after _ despite repeated threats by him to send human wave after wave, - despite repeated threats by him to send human wave after wave, we i despite repeated threats by him to - send human wave after wave, we have managed _ send human wave after wave, we have managed to— send human wave after wave, we have managed to target _ send human wave after wave, we have managed to target him. _ send human wave after wave, we have managed to target him. helping - send human wave after wave, we have managed to target him. helping the i managed to target him. helping the helpless _ managed to target him. helping the helpless civilians _ managed to target him. helping the helpless civilians who _ managed to target him. helping the helpless civilians who are _ managed to target him. helping the helpless civilians who are stranded. helpless civilians who are stranded into fighting — helpless civilians who are stranded into fighting in— helpless civilians who are stranded into fighting in a _ helpless civilians who are stranded into fighting in a war— helpless civilians who are stranded into fighting in a war that - helpless civilians who are stranded into fighting in a war that does - helpless civilians who are stranded into fighting in a war that does notj into fighting in a war that does not belong _ into fighting in a war that does not belong to — into fighting in a war that does not belong to them _ so, exactly a year into the conflict, with no sign yet of either side backing down. finally, here's our correspondent catherine byaruhanga on how the conflict is effecting the region. regionally it is crucial. it is being seen as one of the stable countries in this region which has countries in this region which has countries like somalia, south sudan, sudan, that have had a lot of conflict. and this is also a country of 100 million people. this is a huge population. any instability in this country could reverberate not only in east africa but across the continent and previously we have seen the waves of migration that has gone on to other and into europe for example. but also what is important to know is that human theory in ethiopia right now. in tigray, there are 5 million people who are in need of emergency assistance according to the un. the un today has said that there has not been any emergency relief region to region since the 18th of october, and that is a long time. and now as the conflict has spread to regions, there are also hundreds of thousand people there that need assistance that are not getting it. so part of the focus for regional partners in east africa but also western countries is to make sure that relief gets to people who are in dire need right now. it is the fourth day of cop26, and the focus is on energy. negotiating teams have been working hard on finding ways to ditch fossil fuels. the past couple of days, we saw important pledges to cut methane emissions and end deforestation by 2030. the international energy agency has crunched the numbers and calculated that if all the pledges are carried out some real progress will be made. here's a tweet by the agency president. heather zyekal is the ceo of the clean power association and a former adviser to president obama. we have seen enhanced commitments from individual countries but we have also seen the methane pledge from over 100 nations that includes a commitment to reduce methane emissions 30% by 2030. those two things in and of themselves have already allowed the analysis to show that we will be able to hold our departure to 1.8 celsius. so we are going to be avoiding the worst impacts of climate. remember, the core goal of this summit is to limit the global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees in order to protect us from the worst effects of climate change, but before cop26, we were warned that the planet is on track for a 2.7—degree increase. so that's good news. what's not good news is that global carbon emissions have shot back to record levels after a steep drop during the pandemic. in this graph from the guardian, you can see the co2 emissions, the red line, drop in 2020 before sharply rising again. in fact china, the world's biggest emitter, here in grey, didn't even experience a drop. here's an energy expert. china has responded quite strongly to concerns about the pandemic with concerns _ to concerns about the pandemic with concerns aboutjob to concerns about the pandemic with concerns about job losses and such that they _ concerns about job losses and such that they have strong recovery aimed at infrastructure and construction and this— at infrastructure and construction and this means more steel, more cement. — and this means more steel, more cement, more coal use. so coal use is growing _ cement, more coal use. so coal use is growing quite strongly in china. it is growing quite strongly in china. it also _ is growing quite strongly in china. it also we — is growing quite strongly in china. it also we see growth in oil and gas, _ it also we see growth in oil and gas, too~ — china's reliance on coal has been in the spotlight today as it failed to sign up to a pledge to end the use of coal by 2030. it is not alone. it was joined by some of the world's biggest coal—dependent countries, including india, australia and the world's second biggest emitter the us. some a0 countries did agree to the coal pledge, including poland and ukraine, europe's second and third biggest users of coal, and vietnam. the summit president welcomed the deal. i think we can say that the end of coal is— i think we can say that the end of coal is in— i think we can say that the end of coal is in sight. _ i think we can say that the end of coal is in sight. the _ i think we can say that the end of coal is in sight. the progress - i think we can say that the end of coal is in sight. the progress we i coal is in sight. the progress we have _ coal is in sight. the progress we have seen— coal is in sight. the progress we have seen over— coal is in sight. the progress we have seen over the _ coal is in sight. the progress we have seen over the past - coal is in sight. the progress we have seen over the past few- coal is in sight. the progress we i have seen over the past few years would _ have seen over the past few years would have — have seen over the past few years would have seemed _ have seen over the past few years would have seemed like _ have seen over the past few years would have seemed like a - have seen over the past few years would have seemed like a lofty. would have seemed like a lofty ambition— would have seemed like a lofty ambition we _ would have seemed like a lofty ambition we took— would have seemed like a lofty ambition we took on _ would have seemed like a lofty ambition we took on the - would have seemed like a lofty ambition we took on the cop l ambition we took on the cop presidency— ambition we took on the cop presidency back— ambition we took on the cop presidency back in _ ambition we took on the cop presidency back in 2019. - ambition we took on the cop presidency back in 2019. so i ambition we took on the cop - presidency back in 2019. so today we are publishing — presidency back in 2019. so today we are publishing the _ presidency back in 2019. so today we are publishing the global— presidency back in 2019. so today we are publishing the global colt - presidency back in 2019. so today we are publishing the global colt to - are publishing the global colt to clean _ are publishing the global colt to clean power— are publishing the global colt to clean power transition - are publishing the global colt to . clean power transition statement, are publishing the global colt to - clean power transition statement, a commitment — clean power transition statement, a commitment to— clean power transition statement, a commitment to and _ clean power transition statement, a commitment to and coal _ clean power transition statement, a. commitment to and coal investment, to scale _ commitment to and coal investment, to scale up— commitment to and coal investment, to scale up clean— commitment to and coal investment, to scale up clean power, _ commitment to and coal investment, to scale up clean power, to _ commitment to and coal investment, to scale up clean power, to make - commitment to and coal investment, to scale up clean power, to make a l to scale up clean power, to make a 'ust to scale up clean power, to make a just transition _ to scale up clean power, to make a just transition and _ to scale up clean power, to make a just transition and phase _ to scale up clean power, to make a just transition and phase out - to scale up clean power, to make a just transition and phase out coal i just transition and phase out coal in the _ just transition and phase out coal in the 20 — just transition and phase out coal in the 20 '30s _ just transition and phase out coal in the 20 305 in— just transition and phase out coal in the 20 '305 in major— just transition and phase out coali in the 20 '305 in major economies and the _ in the 20 '305 in major economies and the 20 — in the 20 '305 in major economies and the 20 '40s _ in the 20 '305 in major economies and the 20 '405 elsewhere. - coal is the single biggest contributor to climate change. it largely drove the industrial revolution and was the primary source of energy for most of the past two centuries. have a look at this video from the 1960s in britain. something big is going on. another oil refinery? no, it's a site for the new power station which will use up the new power station which will use up to 18,000 tonnes of coal a day. this near stirling will send 1,000 tonnes a day. from far down the port, this will send another 5,000 times a day. but 10,000—12,000 tonnes a day will come straight up out of the ground here on a conveyor. there are thousands of active coal mines around the world still. you can see them in brown on this map by the global energy monitor. notice the density when you zoom into the us, india and china. now, beijing, which is also the largest financier of overseas coal plants, has promised to stop funding coal mines abroad. and it's dominating the solar energy market with the world's largest solar power capacity. let's hearfrom pascal purdue again. you can say in china there are two sides— you can say in china there are two sides as _ you can say in china there are two sides as they— you can say in china there are two sides as they are doing a remarkable 'ob sides as they are doing a remarkable job of— sides as they are doing a remarkable job of deploying renewable, solar and wind — job of deploying renewable, solar and wind and a lot of the cost of climb _ and wind and a lot of the cost of climb bc— and wind and a lot of the cost of climb bc in— and wind and a lot of the cost of climb bc in the world is the production capacity in china to increase — production capacity in china to increase solar. but the other side of the _ increase solar. but the other side of the coin. — increase solar. but the other side of the coin, when china gets in economic— of the coin, when china gets in economic troubles, is sort of falls back— economic troubles, is sort of falls back to _ economic troubles, is sort of falls back to investing in traditional sectors — back to investing in traditional sectors such as the steel industry and the _ sectors such as the steel industry and the coal sector and so on. while we sleep _ and the coal sector and so on. while we sleep some good news on one side, when it— we sleep some good news on one side, when it comes to recovery, we see some _ when it comes to recovery, we see some returning to coal which is unfortunate. joining me now from glasgow is helen mountford, vice president for climate and economics at world resources institute. how would you explain this in defence of the nest on coal to our heroes? abs. defence of the nest on coal to our heroes? �* , ., ., ., . , heroes? a number of announcements we have had to date — heroes? a number of announcements we have had to date on _ heroes? a number of announcements we have had to date on energy _ heroes? a number of announcements we have had to date on energy at _ heroes? a number of announcements we have had to date on energy at cop26. . have had to date on energy at cop26. altogether _ have had to date on energy at cop26. altogether we — have had to date on energy at cop26. altogether we look _ have had to date on energy at cop26. altogether we look at _ have had to date on energy at cop26. altogether we look at it _ have had to date on energy at cop26. altogether we look at it we _ have had to date on energy at cop26. altogether we look at it we have - altogether we look at it we have something — altogether we look at it we have something like _ altogether we look at it we have something like 190 _ altogether we look at it we have something like 190 entities, - something like 190 entities, countries _ something like 190 entities, countries and _ something like 190 entities, countries and others - something like 190 entities, countries and others that. something like 190 entities, . countries and others that have basically— countries and others that have basically agreed _ countries and others that have basically agreed to _ countries and others that have basically agreed to phase - countries and others that have basically agreed to phase out. countries and others that have . basically agreed to phase out coal power— basically agreed to phase out coal power and — basically agreed to phase out coal power and support— basically agreed to phase out coal power and support for— basically agreed to phase out coal power and support for new - basically agreed to phase out coal power and support for new coal. power and support for new coal plants — power and support for new coal plants was _ power and support for new coal plants was over _ power and support for new coal plants was over that _ power and support for new coal plants was over that includes . power and support for new coal plants was over that includes a| plants was over that includes a number— plants was over that includes a number of— plants was over that includes a number of new— plants was over that includes a number of new countries - plants was over that includes a number of new countries as i plants was over that includes al number of new countries as you mentioned _ number of new countries as you mentioned but— number of new countries as you mentioned but not— number of new countries as you mentioned but not all— number of new countries as you mentioned but not all of- number of new countries as you mentioned but not all of the - number of new countries as you i mentioned but not all of the bed number of new countries as you - mentioned but not all of the bed was but a number— mentioned but not all of the bed was but a number of— mentioned but not all of the bed was but a number of new— mentioned but not all of the bed was but a number of new ones _ mentioned but not all of the bed was but a number of new ones including i but a number of new ones including vietnam, _ but a number of new ones including vietnam, morocco, _ but a number of new ones including vietnam, morocco, poland. - but a number of new ones including vietnam, morocco, poland. this. but a number of new ones including vietnam, morocco, poland. this isl vietnam, morocco, poland. this is important — vietnam, morocco, poland. this is important this _ vietnam, morocco, poland. this is important. this is _ vietnam, morocco, poland. this is important. this is the _ vietnam, morocco, poland. this is important. this is the countries i important. this is the countries recognising _ important. this is the countries recognising the _ important. this is the countries recognising the urgency - important. this is the countries recognising the urgency of - important. this is the countries recognising the urgency of the i recognising the urgency of the challenge _ recognising the urgency of the challenge given _ recognising the urgency of the challenge given what - recognising the urgency of the challenge given what we - recognising the urgency of the challenge given what we are l recognising the urgency of the - challenge given what we are seeing with temperatures— challenge given what we are seeing with temperatures rising _ challenge given what we are seeing with temperatures rising in - challenge given what we are seeing with temperatures rising in what i challenge given what we are seeing| with temperatures rising in what we are seeing _ with temperatures rising in what we are seeing with _ with temperatures rising in what we are seeing with the _ with temperatures rising in what we are seeing with the extreme - with temperatures rising in what we l are seeing with the extreme weather events— are seeing with the extreme weather events we _ are seeing with the extreme weather events we have — are seeing with the extreme weather events we have been _ are seeing with the extreme weather events we have been having. - are seeing with the extreme weather events we have been having. and - are seeing with the extreme weather. events we have been having. and they are starting _ events we have been having. and they are starting to — events we have been having. and they are starting to wake _ events we have been having. and they are starting to wake up _ events we have been having. and they are starting to wake up that _ events we have been having. and they are starting to wake up that they - are starting to wake up that they need _ are starting to wake up that they need to— are starting to wake up that they need to shift _ are starting to wake up that they need to shift muscle _ are starting to wake up that they need to shift muscle rapidly- are starting to wake up that they need to shift muscle rapidly and | need to shift muscle rapidly and coal is— need to shift muscle rapidly and coal is one — need to shift muscle rapidly and coal is one of— need to shift muscle rapidly and coal is one of the _ need to shift muscle rapidly and coal is one of the first _ need to shift muscle rapidly and coal is one of the first things - need to shift muscle rapidly and i coal is one of the first things that rcatty— coal is one of the first things that really needs _ coal is one of the first things that really needs to _ coal is one of the first things that really needs to go. _ coal is one of the first things that really needs to go. if— coal is one of the first things that really needs to go.— really needs to go. if these 40 countries _ really needs to go. if these 40 countries give _ really needs to go. if these 40 countries give up _ really needs to go. if these 40 countries give up coal- really needs to go. if these 40 countries give up coal by - really needs to go. if these 40 - countries give up coal by australia, india, china and the us plough on with it, with all the respect of those 40 countries will they make any difference?— any difference? they definitely will. any difference? they definitely with some _ any difference? they definitely will. some of _ any difference? they definitely will. some of those _ any difference? they definitely will. some of those are - any difference? they definitely will. some of those are some l any difference? they definitely. will. some of those are some of any difference? they definitely - will. some of those are some of the major— will. some of those are some of the major economies _ will. some of those are some of the major economies that _ will. some of those are some of the major economies that are _ will. some of those are some of the major economies that are using - will. some of those are some of the| major economies that are using cold out or— major economies that are using cold out or were — major economies that are using cold out or were planning _ major economies that are using cold out or were planning previously to l out or were planning previously to build new— out or were planning previously to build new coal— out or were planning previously to build new coal and _ out or were planning previously to build new coal and i— out or were planning previously to build new coal and i will— out or were planning previously to build new coal and i will not. - out or were planning previously to build new coal and i will not. but. build new coal and i will not. but you are — build new coal and i will not. but you are also _ build new coal and i will not. but you are also seeing _ build new coal and i will not. but you are also seeing shifts - build new coal and i will not. but you are also seeing shifts in- you are also seeing shifts in countries _ you are also seeing shifts in countries like _ you are also seeing shifts in countries like china, - you are also seeing shifts in countries like china, in- you are also seeing shifts in| countries like china, in india you are also seeing shifts in- countries like china, in india and the us — countries like china, in india and the us india _ countries like china, in india and the us. india is— countries like china, in india and the us. india is one _ countries like china, in india and the us. india is one of— countries like china, in india and the us. india is one of the - the us. india is one of the countries _ the us. india is one of the countries that— the us. india is one of the countries that today - the us. india is one of the countries that today along j the us. india is one of the - countries that today along with indonesia, _ countries that today along with indonesia, the _ countries that today along with indonesia, the philippines - countries that today along with indonesia, the philippines andl countries that today along with - indonesia, the philippines and south africa _ indonesia, the philippines and south africa announced _ indonesia, the philippines and south africa announced a _ indonesia, the philippines and south africa announced a partnership - indonesia, the philippines and south africa announced a partnership withl africa announced a partnership with climate _ africa announced a partnership with climate investment— africa announced a partnership with climate investment funds _ africa announced a partnership with climate investment funds which - africa announced a partnership with climate investment funds which will actually _ climate investment funds which will actually help — climate investment funds which will actually help them _ climate investment funds which will actually help them accelerate - climate investment funds which will actually help them accelerate theirl actually help them accelerate their transition — actually help them accelerate their transition away _ actually help them accelerate their transition away from _ actually help them accelerate their transition away from coal. - actually help them accelerate their transition away from coal. so - actually help them accelerate their| transition away from coal. so while they were — transition away from coal. so while they were not _ transition away from coal. so while they were not signing _ transition away from coal. so while they were not signing on— transition away from coal. so while they were not signing on to - transition away from coal. so whilel they were not signing on to actually an end _ they were not signing on to actually an end date — they were not signing on to actually an end date and _ they were not signing on to actually an end date and at _ they were not signing on to actually an end date and at what _ they were not signing on to actually an end date and at what they- they were not signing on to actually an end date and at what they are i an end date and at what they are going _ an end date and at what they are going to — an end date and at what they are going to do — an end date and at what they are going to do and _ an end date and at what they are going to do and that _ an end date and at what they are going to do and that they - an end date and at what they are i going to do and that they recognise the urgency— going to do and that they recognise the urgency of— going to do and that they recognise the urgency of transitioning - the urgency of transitioning away and are _ the urgency of transitioning away and are doing _ the urgency of transitioning away and are doing so _ the urgency of transitioning away and are doing so in _ the urgency of transitioning away and are doing so in a _ the urgency of transitioning away and are doing so in a way- the urgency of transitioning away and are doing so in a way which i and are doing so in a way which actually— and are doing so in a way which actually helps _ and are doing so in a way which actually helps to _ and are doing so in a way which actually helps to be _ and are doing so in a way which actually helps to be workers, . and are doing so in a way which| actually helps to be workers, to move _ actually helps to be workers, to move communities _ actually helps to be workers, to move communities in _ actually helps to be workers, to move communities in a - actually helps to be workers, to move communities in a just - actually helps to be workers, toi move communities in a just way. actually helps to be workers, to - move communities in a just way. so india _ move communities in a just way. so india is— move communities in a just way. so india is a _ move communities in a just way. so india is a part— move communities in a just way. so india is a part of— move communities in a just way. so india is a part of that. _ move communities in a just way. so india is a part of that. we _ move communities in a just way. so india is a part of that. we are - india is a part of that. we are seeing — india is a part of that. we are seeing in— india is a part of that. we are seeing in the _ india is a part of that. we are seeing in the us— india is a part of that. we are seeing in the us the - india is a part of that. we are seeing in the us the marketsj india is a part of that. we are - seeing in the us the markets have shifted _ seeing in the us the markets have shifted the — seeing in the us the markets have shifted. the goal— seeing in the us the markets have shifted. the goal is— seeing in the us the markets have shifted. the goal is to _ seeing in the us the markets have shifted. the goal is to whether- seeing in the us the markets havej shifted. the goal is to whether the government— shifted. the goal is to whether the government was— shifted. the goal is to whether the government was willing _ shifted. the goal is to whether the government was willing to - shifted. the goal is to whether the government was willing to sign - shifted. the goal is to whether the i government was willing to sign onto this, the _ government was willing to sign onto this, the markets— government was willing to sign onto this, the markets are _ government was willing to sign onto this, the markets are actually - this, the markets are actually shifting — this, the markets are actually shifting coal— this, the markets are actually shifting coal power— this, the markets are actually shifting coal power plants - this, the markets are actually - shifting coal power plants closing week— shifting coal power plants closing week to — shifting coal power plants closing week to week— shifting coal power plants closing week to week in _ shifting coal power plants closing week to week in the _ shifting coal power plants closing week to week in the us - shifting coal power plants closing week to week in the us and - shifting coal power plants closing week to week in the us and it's l week to week in the us and it's simply— week to week in the us and it's simply because _ week to week in the us and it's simply because it's _ week to week in the us and it's simply because it's cheaper- week to week in the us and it's simply because it's cheaper toi week to week in the us and it's - simply because it's cheaper to move to renewable — simply because it's cheaper to move to renewable energy— simply because it's cheaper to move to renewable energy and _ simply because it's cheaper to move to renewable energy and healthier. i to renewable energy and healthier. certainly _ to renewable energy and healthier. certainly people. _ to renewable energy and healthier. certainly people. so _ to renewable energy and healthier. certainly people. so there - to renewable energy and healthier. certainly people. so there is - certainly people. so there is already— certainly people. so there is already that _ certainly people. so there is already that shift _ certainly people. so there is already that shift going. - certainly people. so there isi already that shift going. 10ler certainly people. so there is already that shift going. only one minute left _ already that shift going. only one minute left but _ already that shift going. only one minute left but i _ already that shift going. only one minute left but i wonder- already that shift going. only one minute left but i wonder at - already that shift going. only one minute left but i wonder at this . minute left but i wonder at this stage how you are feeling about the event? is a meeting your expectations?— event? is a meeting your exectations? . , . ., , expectations? there has certainly been a number— expectations? there has certainly been a number of _ expectations? there has certainly been a number of exciting - been a number of exciting announcements— been a number of exciting announcements the - been a number of exciting announcements the last l been a number of exciting - announcements the last couple of days really— announcements the last couple of days really showing _ announcements the last couple of days really showing that - announcements the last couple of days really showing that we - announcements the last couple of days really showing that we are l days really showing that we are shipping — days really showing that we are shipping the _ days really showing that we are shipping the needle _ days really showing that we are shipping the needle as - days really showing that we are shipping the needle as you - days really showing that we are - shipping the needle as you mentioned starting _ shipping the needle as you mentioned starting to— shipping the needle as you mentioned starting to move — shipping the needle as you mentioned starting to move the _ shipping the needle as you mentioned starting to move the needle _ shipping the needle as you mentioned starting to move the needle there - shipping the needle as you mentioned starting to move the needle there is l starting to move the needle there is a lotto _ starting to move the needle there is a lotto be _ starting to move the needle there is a lotto be done _ starting to move the needle there is a lot to be done still. _ starting to move the needle there is a lot to be done still. we _ starting to move the needle there is a lot to be done still. we have - starting to move the needle there is a lot to be done still. we have not l a lot to be done still. we have not yet close — a lot to be done still. we have not yet close that _ a lot to be done still. we have not yet close that gap _ a lot to be done still. we have not yet close that gap to _ a lot to be done still. we have not yet close that gap to 1.5 _ a lot to be done still. we have not yet close that gap to 1.5 celsius i yet close that gap to 1.5 celsius and we — yet close that gap to 1.5 celsius and we have _ yet close that gap to 1.5 celsius and we have not _ yet close that gap to 1.5 celsius and we have not yet _ yet close that gap to 1.5 celsius and we have not yet close - yet close that gap to 1.5 celsius and we have not yet close a - yet close that gap to 1.5 celsius| and we have not yet close a gap yet close that gap to 1.5 celsius i and we have not yet close a gap in terms _ and we have not yet close a gap in terms of _ and we have not yet close a gap in terms of the — and we have not yet close a gap in terms of the financing _ and we have not yet close a gap in terms of the financing needed - and we have not yet close a gap in terms of the financing needed to i terms of the financing needed to support— terms of the financing needed to support developing _ terms of the financing needed to support developing countries - terms of the financing needed to| support developing countries and there _ support developing countries and there is— support developing countries and there is a — support developing countries and there is a lot _ support developing countries and there is a lot on _ support developing countries and there is a lot on the _ support developing countries and there is a lot on the negotiation i there is a lot on the negotiation agenda — there is a lot on the negotiation agenda to— there is a lot on the negotiation agenda to really— there is a lot on the negotiation agenda to really hammer- there is a lot on the negotiation agenda to really hammer out i there is a lot on the negotiation l agenda to really hammer out how countries — agenda to really hammer out how countries work— agenda to really hammer out how countries work together, - agenda to really hammer out how countries work together, close i agenda to really hammer out how. countries work together, close those -aps countries work together, close those gaps soon _ countries work together, close those gaps soon in — countries work together, close those gaps soon in the _ countries work together, close those gaps soon in the future _ countries work together, close those gaps soon in the future to _ countries work together, close those gaps soon in the future to put - countries work together, close those gaps soon in the future to put us - countries work together, close those gaps soon in the future to put us onl gaps soon in the future to put us on the right— gaps soon in the future to put us on the right track _ gaps soon in the future to put us on the right track. so _ gaps soon in the future to put us on the right track. so more _ gaps soon in the future to put us on the right track. so more to- gaps soon in the future to put us on the right track. so more to do- gaps soon in the future to put us on the right track. so more to do but. the right track. so more to do but positive _ the right track. so more to do but positive signals _ the right track. so more to do but positive signals at _ the right track. so more to do but positive signals at the _ the right track. so more to do but positive signals at the moment. i positive signals at the moment. appreciate _ positive signals at the moment. appreciate you _ positive signals at the moment. appreciate you joining - positive signals at the moment. appreciate you joining us. - positive signals at the moment. | appreciate you joining us. thank positive signals at the moment. - appreciate you joining us. thank you very much indeed. if you want more on cop26, there is an awful lot of it on the bbc news website. that is it on the bbc news website. that is it for this half—hour. hello. from northern scotland to norfolk, the northern lights put on an amazing show last night. there are viewing opportunities tonight, but we're fighting against the cloud cover, which is increasing into those areas which have the greatest chance of seeing the northern lights. and with the cloud, there'll be a few outbreaks of rain moving in as well. so, a cloudier—looking picture across scotland, northern ireland and northern england as the night goes on. some patchy rain. still one or two cloud breaks out there, mind you. and temperatures will be edging up here as the night goes on, whereas still a frost across parts of wales but especially england in those clearer areas going into the morning, midlands, east anglia and south east england scraping ice off the car again. but things are changing. this weather front�*s moving southwards is the one with the cloud and the patchy rain, but also the leading edge of less chilly air coming in from the atlantic. so, it will turn its much milder over the next few days. but early sunshine in east anglia, south east england, will be lost to the cloud. the odd spot of rain here. may see a bit of drizzle towards western hills, but some outbreaks of rain continuing in north west scotland. now it is more of a westerly than a northerly breeze during the day, so it is the source of less cold air coming in. so, we're expecting highs of around 9—12 degrees celsius. and on through bonfire night, there's still the chance of seeing a few splashes of rain out of the thicker cloud, especially in north west scotland. but for many places, it is looking dry. all the while, the breeze is picking up. and it does get windier into the weekend because of low pressure here, which will turn wetter on saturday initially in scotland and northern ireland. as the rain moves southwards during saturday, it's going to weaken as it does so. but throughout saturday, there's a chance across parts of wales and western england for seeing a bit of patchy rain, especially coasts and hills with a more substantial burst of rain running southwards as we go on into saturday afternoon and evening. running up perhaps as the afternoon goes on across parts of northern scotland, the wind picking up though as well. and really very windy overnight and into sunday across northern scotland, some gusts of 60 or 70mph coupled with high tides, could be some dangerous waves around. still plenty of showers here on sunday, and the wind will slowly be easing. elsewhere on sunday, it is going to be windy, but there'll be plenty of dry weather around and best of the sunny spells in eastern areas and temperatures close to if not a little above the seasonal average. that's your weekend forecast. hi, i'm ros atkins, live with you on the bbc news channel in the uk and around the globe. we begin in the uk, where the conservative mp at the centre of a row over lobbying rules resigns after this major government u—turn. while there is a very strong feeling on both sides of the house that there is a need for an appeals process, there is equally a strong feeling that this should not be based on a single case. a major diplomatic push is under way to defuse the civil war in ethiopia, as millions are trapped in a desperate, escalating situation. more than 40 countries promise to phase out the use of coal, but australia, india, china and america aren't among them. let's turn to coronavirus — and a new warning from the world health organization that europe is once again the epicentre of the coronavirus pandemic. europe is once again the epicentre the who said europe could face another 500,000 deaths before winter is out if the outbreak isn't brought under control. in its latest report into the state of the pandemic, the world health organization said europe registered a 55% rise in covid—19 cases in the last four weeks, despite the availability of vaccines. here's the who's regional chief, hans kluge. the difference today is that we know more and we can do more. we have more tools and means to mitigate and reduce the damage to our communities and society. the current situation and society. the current situation and alarming short—term projections should trigger us to ask. ultimately, we are only getting out of this pandemic if politicians, scientists and the public work together. the who also said the rise in infections comes despites europe's access to more than enough vaccines. here's the who's emergency director dr mike ryan on that. europe represents over half of the global cases in the last week. but that trend can turn. look what happened. we're all epidemiologists now. we only have to look at the roller—coaster curve to know that when you're coming in the mountain, you're usually bound to go back another one. and so the fact that europe is climbing that mountain again should really stand everybody up around the world and say, "what are we going to do?" because europe does have the capacity and european countries have the capacity. they have the vaccine access. they have the money. they have the systems in place that they can react. many other regions don't necessarily have those capacities in place. so i think it's a warning shot for the world to see what's happening in europe despite the availability of vaccination. germany, croatia, russia and slovenia have all reported record numbers of new cases this week. and cases are on the rise across the continent. but the who says some countries are far less vaccinated than others and that those countries are seeing more hospitilsations and deaths. —— hospitalisations and deaths at worrying levels. let's look at one of the worst—affected nations — romania. hospitals there, we're told, are at breaking point. in the last week, more than 3,000 people have died after contracting coronavirus. and the vaccination rate is still low — 37% of people have had two coronavirus jabs. let's try and understand what is happening. i'm joined now by octavianjurma, a medical doctor and former adviser to the romanian ministry of health. thank you forjoining us. why is that vaccination rates so low? i5 thank you forjoining us. why is that vaccination rates so low? is a combination _ that vaccination rates so low? is a combination of _ that vaccination rates so low? is a. combination of mistrust in the government and for education. the vaccination campaign was not supported by the information and education campaign, unfortunately, the people were affected by the anti—vaccination campaign. but anti-vaccination campaign. but presumably — anti—vaccination campaign. but presumably they are being educated by the worrying numbers of people dying. is that not having an effect on people's attitudes towards vaccination? it on people's attitudes towards vaccination?— on people's attitudes towards vaccination? ., , ., , ., ., vaccination? it has. people have got scared, vaccination? it has. people have got scared. and — vaccination? it has. people have got scared. and he _ vaccination? it has. people have got scared, and he vaccination _ vaccination? it has. people have got scared, and he vaccination rates - vaccination? it has. people have got scared, and he vaccination rates are| scared, and he vaccination rates are up. unfortunately, they are now down again because there is no government support for the vaccination, and also the number of cases are starting to go a little bit down, so some people feel, we might get away with it again stops a vaccination is a real issue for the everett, —— for the government. fear is a very poor motivator, so we need education. i very poor motivator, so we need education-— very poor motivator, so we need education. ., ., , ., ., education. i want to understand more about what you're _ education. i want to understand more about what you're saying _ education. i want to understand more about what you're saying about - education. i want to understand more about what you're saying about the i about what you're saying about the government, because presumably the government's position is that of getting vaccinated is a good thing, so why are you being so critical of it? ~ so why are you being so critical of it? . ., ., , so why are you being so critical of it? we had a very good vaccination cam aiun it? we had a very good vaccination campaign in _ it? we had a very good vaccination campaign in the — it? we had a very good vaccination campaign in the third _ it? we had a very good vaccination campaign in the third wave - it? we had a very good vaccination campaign in the third wave in - it? we had a very good vaccination campaign in the third wave in the i campaign in the third wave in the spring, but then the government and the president came out and said, look, the pandemic is over, go back to normal, the pandemic is over. over the summer, they said we will never discriminate the unvaccinated, and then once we got this 15,000 cases a day, people are dying, so... it is not a proactive, educating, people are not approached at the individual level, there is no! she campaign, truly. individual level, there is no! she campaign. truly-— individual level, there is no! she campaign, truly. octavian jurma, thank ou campaign, truly. octavian jurma, thank you very — campaign, truly. octavian jurma, thank you very much _ campaign, truly. octavian jurma, thank you very much for - campaign, truly. octavian jurma, thank you very much for helping l campaign, truly. octavian jurma, i thank you very much for helping us understand the situation in romania —— there is no vaccination campaign, truly. now, let's turn now to the row between the uk and france overfishing rights. the uk's brexit minister, lord frost, has held talks in paris with france's europe minister clement beaune to try to end the dispute. and judging by this image alone — of the pair shaking hands and smiling — talks went somewhat well. but in a statement, france said there are still "significant differences" between the two sides. the pair are set to meet again early next week. here's our paris correspondent hugh schofield on what we heard. so, the mood music looks positive, but i don't think we should read too much into that. all i can say is that there has been signs of movement in the last few days. jersey gave some extra licenses over the weekend, and it does look now as if one of the contentious issues, that is of replacement boats, is now on the table. these are boats which french fishermen have bought in recent years which therefore don't technically fulfil the criteria for having fished in the waters in between 2012—2016. and the british, the french think, are beginning to give way on that to make it possible that replacement boats count as original boats. if that happens, then that is movement, but i would say there's a long way between the two sides and the overall mood between them, in the context of a very poor state of relations between the two countries, is not promising. let's look at how things got to where they are. in short, it's a row about how many french fishing boats can catch fish in uk waters, but its also about brexit. here's our europe correspondent jessica parker to explain. what happened is, post—brexit, after the uk leaving the european union, there was a new agreement around fishing rights, and subsequent to that, france feels that not enough of its fishermen are being granted licenses to fish on the coastal waters off the united kingdom and the channel islands, particularlyjersey. it thinks the agreement is not being applied properly and fairly. the uk, jersey, they don't agree. those governments say they are applying the agreements fairly, so they have been in dispute over that. france had threatened potential retaliatory measures, such as stopping british boats from off—loading their catches in french ports in northern france. they have held off on doing that. emmanuel macron, the french president, earlier this week said that he wanted to allow more time for talks to continue. those talks have been continuing. i'm joined now by suzanne lynch — author of the politico brussels playbook. suzanne, could you have your back on outside source. where does de you fit into all of this? i outside source. where does de you fit into all of this?— fit into all of this? i think there is a lot of— fit into all of this? i think there is a lot of sympathy _ fit into all of this? i think there is a lot of sympathy for - fit into all of this? i think there is a lot of sympathy for the - is a lot of sympathy for the transposition here in brussels, there is a lot of mistrust now between the act ii and britain over brexit. in saying that, there is concern this bilateral issue about fish between france and britain could muddy the waters —— the eu and britain over brexit. lord frost, he finished his meeting today in paris, and as we heard there, not really much of a breakthrough yet, but he is going to come here to brussels, tomorrow, on friday, or he's going into duck into these negotiations of revising the arrangements in the northern ireland brexit protocol, so in some sense, that is actually a bigger issue for stub some people here believe, let them sort out the fishing problem, but it is not that it impinge on the other more serious negotiations going on about changes to the northern ireland protocol, and a lot of the eu officials are worried that perhaps britain will try and make some concessions from europe on that and link that into the fish issue, whereas most want to keep that separate. figs the fish issue, whereas most want to keep that separate.— keep that separate. as you're talkin: , keep that separate. as you're talking. i'm — keep that separate. as you're talking, i'm thinking - keep that separate. as you're talking, i'm thinking back- keep that separate. as you're talking, i'm thinking back to i keep that separate. as you're i talking, i'm thinking back to visit to brussels during the brexit process, when some people there said to us, this is never going to and. it can feel like an almost constant negotiation. it can feel like an almost constant negotiation-— negotiation. yeah, and i think the realistic point _ negotiation. yeah, and i think the realistic point here _ negotiation. yeah, and i think the realistic point here is _ negotiation. yeah, and i think the realistic point here is the - realistic point here is the arrangements entered into as related to northern ireland. this was the most difficult circle to square, if you like, and it is proving to be difficult still. the european union not happy the uk has reneged on an agreement and britain wanted eu to be more possible. there is a fear written may move to invoke article 16 full tub that would —— britain may move to invoke article 16 full the next thing could be a serious trade war. europe, patience is running thin. countries are prepared to go there, prepared to take on sanctions. they believe that britain will ultimately believe that britain will ultimately be hurt more than europe if a trade war begins. i think the mood music is not good, terms of those northern ireland negotiations at the moment. very little sign of a breakthrough, and people are now getting concerned britain could move to invoke this article which would effectively suspend parts of the agreement it signed up to. suspend parts of the agreement it signed up to-_ suspend parts of the agreement it sir-neduto. ,, ., ., signed up to. suzanne, always good to talk to you- _ signed up to. suzanne, always good to talk to you. that _ signed up to. suzanne, always good to talk to you. that is _ signed up to. suzanne, always good to talk to you. that is suzanne - to talk to you. that is suzanne lynch. and you can read suzanne and her colleagues in the politico brussels playbook. stay with us on outside source. it is about plans to plant more trees. we are going to hear why more and more people are concerned about this. a new study suggests that cervical cancer in the uk has been virtually eradicated in young women because of the hpv vaccine programme. around 3,200 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer in the uk each year — and 99% of these are caused by the human papilloma—viruses. but cases have fallen by nearly 90% among young women. hugh pym reports. three women and three perspectives on a dramatic step forward with news of the success of the hpv vaccine. evie missed out at school, but then found she could get the injections on the nhs. i have now, at 23, got the vaccine, and, yeah, this news is just really, really good cos, yeah, you just see that the changes are happening and the vaccine is working. penny had cervical cancer, but it was picked up early thanks to a smear test. and after a major operation three years ago, she's now clear. when i say to people i was lucky, i say that because i'd had three kids, i had no intention of having any more children. so, although it was major surgery, for me, it didn't have same impact that it might have on somebody, on a woman who gets diagnosed in her 205 who hasn't had any children, who is faced with the option that they have to, you know, have a hysterectomy and they're not going to be able to have children naturally. the new study looked at the impact of the vaccine after it was introduced for girls in england in 2008. it was also rolled out around the uk, and from 2019 to boys aged 12—13. hpv can cause some cancers including head and neck in men, and the vaccine could help prevent those. no wonder scientists are hailing the significance of the research. the vaccine could make a big difference in developing countries like laos, where it's been introduced for girls. cervical cancer is the fourth most common among women worldwide, with 90% of deaths in low and middle—income countries where access to screening is limited. hugh pym, bbc news. hello, i'm ros atkins here in the bbc newsroom. this outside source. our lead story: in britain, the mp at the heart of a heated row over standards in public life has said he's resigning his seat. every week on outside source, we produce an in—depth look at one of the week's main stories for the bbc website and also for iplayer here in the uk. this week, we're looking at climate change again, and whether planting trees can make a difference. it's no longer controversial to say humans are causing climate change. but what we should do about it is less settled. borisjohnson is hosting the cop26 climate summit in glasgow — and this is his mantra. we can get real on coal, cars, cash and trees. now coal, cars and cash remain difficult, pressing issues. but trees, you'd think they are more straight—forward. we know trees absorb carbon dioxide, which is one of the gases that causes climate change. and there are lots of plans to plant more of them. this was donald trump back in 2020. today, i am pleased to announce the united states willjoin 1 trillion trees initiative, being launched here at the world economic forum. 1 trillion trees. and if that's the us, we've seen other big pledges. ethiopia plans to plant 20 billion trees by 2022. china says it will plant 36,000 square kilometres of new forest every year by 2025. and pakistan wants to plant ten billion trees by 2023. but is tree—planting really this rare thing, a good idea without a catch? to many, it's not that straight—forward. this is dr bonnie waring. we cannot plant our way out of the carbon crisis with business—as—usual emission scenarios. or, as dr kate hardwick at kew gardens in london notes... the risk here is that the benefit of new trees is overstated. there are other risks too — of green—washing, of damage to ecosystems, of trees distracting from emissions cuts. let's look at all of this, starting with the crucial role that trees play. there are an estimated three trillion trees in the world. and they absorb carbon from the air and, crucially, store it. trees are able to absorb co2 from the atmosphere and actually store it within their woody biomass. that's one of the reasons why deforestation has been a focus at cop26. bear in mind, the last 10,000 years, a third of the world's forests have been lost. half of that was in the last century. and if you want to slow global warming, fewer trees doesn't help, and so two policies are being adopted. one is to stop deforestation. the united states will help the world deliver on our shared goal of halting natural forest lost and restoring at least an additional 200 million hectares of forest and other ecosystems by the year 2030. and then the second policy looks to address that forest loss. the commitment yesterday was to sort out deforestation within ten years. in that time, some 70 million hectares of forest will have been disappeared, which is horrendous. what are we going to do to put that back? so it's not only stopping the deforestation, it's reforesting as well. planting trees — as china is doing here — is the second part of the plan. but look beyond the bold announcements and it's far from clear what mass tree—planting will achieve. let's look at the reasons why. well, first of all, planting lots of trees doesn't necessarily mean you end up with more trees. forrest fleischman is a leading expert on mass tree—planting. back in september, he tweeted... that's right — almost no impact. and if that's india, then look at turkey. in 2019, a un press release told us that turkey had set a new world record by planting 11 million saplings in three hours. a few weeks later, the guardian reported up to 90% of the saplings were thought to be dead. just planting trees isn't enough. there are a number of reasons for this. first of all, saplings are vulnerable. around a quarter will die young. second, it takes 20—30 years before a tree draw significant amounts of carbon dioxide. third, the trees need thinning. without space, a new forest won't thrive. and fourth, if trees die and rot, all the stored carbon will be released. but even if you do manage a new forest well, there's another issue. this is dr kate hardwick. the point being, even if you replace lost forest, the new trees can can cause problems. in one article on mass tree planting, three experts write... so there are questions about which trees are planted, where they're planted, how they're managed. and there's an even more fundamental issue — is there enough space? these are grave doubts, as you can hear. but even if we put them to one side, there's another issue too. here's dr bonnie waring again. even if we were to cram trees into every corner of the globe where they could possibly grow, we estimate that they would absorb only about ten years' worth of carbon emissions at current rates and it would take them about a century to grow large enough to do so. in other words, neither the volume or the speed is enough. but those who advocate for tree—planting don't necessarily say that it is. they argue trees are one of many ways to help the climate. it's true, trees are crucial for capturing carbon that exists. what's more controversial, though, is that tree—planting is also used for something called "carbon off—setting". the idea is that if you cause emissions, you balance this with an action to reduce carbon elsewhere. one example comes from the band coldplay. it wants its next tour to be as green as possible. here's its lead singer chris martin on one of their ideas. in terms of offsetting people being there, we're able to plant a tree for every ticket sold. coldplay are doing other things too. and more broadly, off—setting is now widely used by companies and countries as part of their efforts to become carbon neutral. and some, though not all, off—setting schemes involve trees. and there are concerns about how and if this works. take the situation in wales. there are plans there by big business to encourage more tree planting. and those plans are under fire. these companies in england who have a completely different agenda, and that is the carbon neutral agenda. they will work on behalf of multinational companies, buy up farms in wales and satisfy their carbon neutral status, at the expense of communities in wales. now, the firm in this case here says sustainability is central to its business and that it always consults with local communities. but the concerns go beyond any one example. some scientists just don't buy the whole idea. mike berners lee also says this concept is "bogus". greenpeace's language is equally blunt. it describe offsetting schemes as "greenwashing" and "a way for polluters to avoid real emissions cuts". and this perhaps explains why tree—planting is so controversial. it's not about if tree—planting can make some difference, it's about if it takes a focus away from emissions. and as we consider that, this clip is perhaps useful — of the author fred pearce. and concern about how trees fit into climate action does not mean they're not part of the equation. but as i've made this report, i've kept thinking of this graphic. these are global emissions over the past 100 years. you can see them escalating throughout the 20th century. and the year with the most emissions was 2019. 2020 emissions were reduced by covid. but this week, scientists reported that global carbon dioxide emissions will rebound towards the level before the pandemic. and while our emissions remain this high, the difference that mass tree—planting can make is limited. it also risks creating a reassuring sense of action being taken, when the reality is that carbon levels in our atmosphere need to come down — and quickly. for that to happen will take emission cuts, no matter how many trees we plant. you can find more analysis from outside source elsewhere on the bbc. each week, we tackle a different subject. you can see our videos on the bbc news website. if you are in the uk, you can see longer versions of our explainers on iplayer stopped just go to the front page of the news category and you will very quickly find them. if you prefer to listen, you can download them on the bbc sounds app on your smartphone. just search my name, you can very quickly find it. it will come straight onto your phone. in britain, the mp at the heart of a heated row over standards in public life has said he's resigning his seat. owen paterson of the conservative party was found to have broken lobbying rules. and just before i wrap up, there was some battling from onejust just before i wrap up, there was some battling from one just a little earlier of the programme will if you heard that and were offended by it, of course, we apologise —— there was some bad language from one of our guests a little earlier in the programme. bye—bye. hello. from northern scotland to norfolk, the northern lights put on an amazing show last night. there are viewing opportunities tonight, but we're fighting against the cloud cover, which is increasing into those areas which have the greatest chance of seeing the northern lights. and with the cloud, there'll be a few outbreaks of rain moving in as well. so, a cloudier—looking picture across scotland, northern ireland and northern england as the night goes on. some patchy rain. still one or two cloud breaks out there, mind you. and temperatures will be edging up here as the night goes on, whereas still a frost across parts of wales but especially england in those clearer areas going into the morning, midlands, east anglia and south east england scraping ice off the car again. but things are changing. this weather front�*s moving southwards is the one with the cloud and the patchy rain, but also the leading edge of less chilly air coming in from the atlantic. so, it will turn its much milder over the next few days. but early sunshine in east anglia, south east england will be lost to the cloud. the odd spot of rain here. may see a bit of drizzle towards western hills, but some outbreaks of rain continuing in north west scotland. now it is more of a westerly than a northerly breeze during the day, so it is the source of less cold air coming in. so, we're expecting highs of around 9—12 degrees celsius. and on through bonfire night, there's still the chance of seeing a few splashes of rain out of the thicker cloud, especially in north west scotland. but for many places, it is looking dry. all the while, the breeze is picking up. and it does get windier into the weekend because of low pressure here, which will turn wetter on saturday initially in scotland and northern ireland. as the rain moves southwards during saturday, it's going to weaken as it does so. but throughout saturday, there's a chance across parts of wales and western england for seeing a bit of patchy rain, especially coasts and hills, with a more substantial burst of rain running southwards as we go on into saturday afternoon and evening. running up perhaps as the afternoon goes on across parts of northern scotland, the wind picking up though as well. and really very windy overnight and into sunday. across northern scotland, some gusts of 60 or 70mph on the coast, coupled with high tides, could be some dangerous waves around. still plenty of showers here on sunday, and the wind will slowly be easing. elsewhere on sunday, it is going to be windy, blustery, but there'll be plenty of dry weather around and best of the sunny spells in eastern areas and temperatures close to if not a little above the seasonal average. that's your weekend forecast. this is bbc news i'm geeta guru—murthy. the headlines at eight: owen paterson has resigned as a conservative mp, after a backlash over the government's decision to overhaul the policing of mps' conduct. mr paterson had been found to have broken lobbying rules and was facing suspension — with labour accusing the government of sleaze and corruption. yorkshire county cricket club has been banned from hosting international and major matches over the club's response to racism experienced by former player azeem rafiq. a hospital electrician admits murdering wendy knell and caroline pierce in 1987 — and sexually abusing at least 100 dead bodies. the uk has become the first country in the world to approve the use of an anti—viral pill to treat covid—19.

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