It as the biggest step forward in a generation. The Us Supreme Court hears arguments in the controversial texas abortion case, with at least one legal challenge likely to be allowed to move forward. And how australian scientists have managed to produce Crawling Frogs that are able to adapt to Climate Change. Hello and welcome to the programme. President biden has told the United Nations Climate Summit in glasgow that the fight against Global Warming offers extraordinary economic opportunities. He said creating technologies to reduce Carbon Emissions would create millions ofjobs worldwide. Mr biden apologised for the actions of his predecessor, donald trump, who pulled the United States out of the paris climate accords. Meanwhile indias Prime Minister, narendra modi, has told the conference that his country aims to become Carbon Neutral by the year 2070. Its the first time india, one of the World Biggest emitters of Greenhouse Gases, has announced a net zero target. Our first report on events in glasgow is by our Political Editor laura kuenssberg. A red london bus. Electric, of course. With the sound of scottish pipes. The royals on the steps. The Prime Minister, the host. A full on uk display. The leaders of the world, the guests here to be addressed by the 95 year old monarch, even if not in person. Shes seen plenty of their type before. It has sometimes been observed that what leaders do for their people today is government and politics, but what they do for the people of tomorrow, that is statesmanship. I, for one, hope that this conference will be one of those rare occasions where everyone will have a chance to rise above the politics of the moment and achieve true statesmanship. It is the hope of many, the legacy of this summit, written in History Books yet to be printed, will describe you as the leaders who did not pass up the opportunity. We, none of us, will live forever. But we are doing this not for ourselves but for our children and our childrens children, and those who will follow in their footsteps. But theres the glittering reception in a glasgow landmark, then the other conference. Thousands have made the trip from their own countries. Their hope that this mornings queues and their shivering arrival will be worth it. The first serious moment at this vital conference, borisjohnson� s big moment on the world stage. Humanity has long since run down the clock on Climate Change, it is one minute to midnight on that Doomsday Clock and we need to act now. The leaders of some of the biggest polluters, china, russia and turkey, havent shown, keeping much more than a social distance. The anger and the impatience of the world will be uncontainable unless we make this cop26 in glasgow the moment when we get real about Climate Change. They will not forgive us. They will know that glasgow was the historic Turning Point when history failed to turn. The platform also for those people whose way of life is at grave risk right now. The earth is speaking. She tells us that we have no more time. The uk is the host to a rainbow of nearly 200 countries and wants them all to promise to cut their own Carbon Emissions and the wealthier to cough up more towards the 100 billion pot to help poorer countries go green. There is a real sense of purpose here, but it will be a long fortnight as President Biden and the other leaders must be all too aware. And not all of them are as enthusiastic as the west with wealthier populations. Whether brazil. With some new promises today. Or a slower approach from the indian Prime Minister, who says his mega economy will balance Carbon Emissions with absorbing Greenhouse Gases by 2070. 2070. 20 years later than borisjohnson wants. But the mood in glasgow is perhaps darkening towards those who are dragging their feet. In two generations� time they will be remembered for this fortnight. They could have been brilliant in Everything Else they have done and they will be cursed if they dont get this right. That is interesting, you use the phrase cursed. For somebody in your position of authority its a very strong word. It was consciously a strong word. People will speak of them in far stronger terms than we speak today of the politicians of the � 30s, of the politicians who ignored what was happening in nazi germany, because this will kill people All Around The World for generations and we will have no means of averting it. He later apologised for making the comparison to the nazi genocide. No 10 stepped around commenting on the nature of those claims, but said theres no doubt about the seriousness of the climate challenge. Its only day one of a discussion thats already taken more than two decades, but the consequences of glasgows conversation will be felt far longer than that. The tone and ambition for leaders at cop26 will certainly be set in the next 48 hours 0ur science editor David Shukman looks at what the negotiators need to achieve in the days ahead. The world is heating up and despite all the talk about Climate Change we are still heading for catastrophic temperatures, so this is a chance to pick a safer course. But these giant conferences, bringing together thousands of people, over the past 25 years have always been challenging. This is the 10th that ive been to. Its amazing that despite the pandemic, so many people have managed to get here. The rule is to be masked up whenever you are moving around. The main focus for all the delegates who are here actually happens in giant meeting halls through there, that is where they have got to tackle the toughest question. What matters most is emissions of the gas is heating the planet. They are heading in the wrong direction. Projected to rise by i6 by 2030, just as the science couldnt be clearer that they need to fall by 45 over that time. The fear is this is rebounding on us. It is time to say enough. Enough of brutalising biodiversity, enough of killing ourselves with carbon, enough of treating nature like a toilet, enough of burning and drilling and mining our way deeper. We are digging our own graves. Powerful words but with nearly 200 countries represented here, there are so many different agendas, that is why progress is usually slow. If you are sitting down, you can take your mask off and it is often in places like this that small, informal groups of negotiators will get together to try to crank the hardest questions like getting aid to the poorest nations who are hit hardest by Climate Change. Ive seen for myself how droughts and other extremes of weather can devastate the nations least able to cope. There was a promise of assistance more than a decade ago but it still hasnt been fulfilled. The faith in the international process, it becomes a little weaker, there is a lot of distrust, there is a lot of unhappiness because we keep saying everybody has to do this together but some have more responsibility than others. And while the talks are under way, the countries show off what they are doing for Climate Change and the hope is to encourage practical steps. Like phasing out coal, the dirtiest of the fossil fuels, and pushing the spread of cleaner, electric vehicles. And that is the message from sir david attenborough, that humans can be the greatest problem solvers. In my lifetime, i have witnessed a terrible decline. In yours, you could and should witness a wonderful recovery. That desperate hope, ladies and gentlemen, is why the world is looking to you and why you are here. Thank you. Applause a Call To Action well received but what matters now is how the governments of the world actually respond. David shukman, bbc news, in glasgow. Lets take a look at some other stories in the headlines. A luxury apartment block under construction in nigerias commercial capital, lagos, has collapsed. Rescue workers are using heavy Lifting Equipment and life Detection Kits to search through heaps of rubble and Twisted Metal for survivors. A member of Nigerias National Emergency Management agency said four people had been rescued so far and four bodies recovered. Covid i9 has killed more than 5 Million People since the World Health Organization reported the outbreak of the disease in late december 2019, according to a new tally. The number takes into account deaths recorded by National Health authorities, and represents only a fraction of the actual coronavirus related deaths which could be two to three times higher than the official figure. The french president , emmanuel macron, has postponed plans to implement sanctions on the uk from tuesday, as part of the row over post brexit Fishing Rights row. He said the two sides would continue talking this week. Earlier, the foreign secretary, liz truss, said the uk wouldnt roll over after paris had threatened to block access to its ports for british boats. The United States Supreme Court has been Hearing Arguments about a law in the state of texas that has virtually ended abortion after six weeks of pregnancy. Justices heard two challenges to the law, which bans abortion after six weeks of pregnancy and allows citizens to sue anyone involved in the process. Abortion Rights Groups have argued that the architects of the texas law wrote it this way to deliberately avoid federal oversight. Abortion providers are among those mounting a challenge to the law. Marc hearron is a lawyer from the center for reproductive rights, and is representing Abortion Providers in texas at the Supreme Court. Its great to have you, mark. In the first instance, how did it go today in terms of the representations that you did make at the Supreme Court and what the response was . We are heartened what the response was . We are heartened to what the response was . We are heartened to see what the response was . We are heartened to see that what the response was . We are heartened to see that several. Heartened to see that several of the justices seemed to really understand our arguments and we wish that this law have been blocked two months ago and when the United States filed suit against the state of texas and taking to the Supreme Court for review with which the Supreme Court would have blocked that law. And we are encouraged today in the Supreme Court scheduled Oral Arguments in briefing and a matter of ten days to make sure new fast which the fast as they have done anything since Bush Versus Gore in terms of actually having briefing and arguments. They clearly are understanding the urgency here. Patients of the urgency here. Patients of the ground have been denied access to abortion for 62 days now. Having to leave the state of texas and travel to other states to try to get appointments and other states. So we were heartened by several of the questions and several the justices were asking today and they seem to relate this case is notjust about abortion. Its about whether a state of the United States can nullify a federal constitutional right. Nullify a federal constitutional ri. Ht. , constitutional right. On that,. Iven constitutional right. On that, given what constitutional right. On that, given what apparently constitutional right. On that, l given what apparently obvious you have described appears to be a relatively positive outcome from today public proceedings, are you confident that the law can be blocked . That your appeal will be successful . That your appeal will be successful . ~. , �. ,. , successful . We dont want to read too much successful . We dont want to read too much into successful . We dont want to read too much into the successful . We dont want to read too much into the tea i read too much into the tea leaves, sometimes the justices questions dont necessarily reveal exactly how they will rule so i dont want to predict any outcomes. Would you feel heartened by some of the questions today and we really ask the court to restore the injunction, blocked the law as quickly as possible to restore access for patients across the state. Its far too long that Constitutional Rights and Abortion Access have been a dead letter across the state of texas now for two months. So we are hopeful the court will rule quickly. Are hopeful the court will rule cuickl. ~. , are hopeful the court will rule cuickl. ~. , are hopeful the court will rule cuickl. ~. , quickly. What exactly is the situation quickly. What exactly is the situation in quickly. What exactly is the situation in texas quickly. What exactly is the situation in texas now, quickly. What exactly is the situation in texas now, if. Quickly. What exactly is the l situation in texas now, if you can describe thatjust briefly, what are your clients seeking from this . I what are your clients seeking from this . From this . I represent independent from this . I represent independent abortion | from this . I represent independent Abortion Providers as well as the plaintiffs in our case include abortion funds and patient supported networks. All of whom are targeted by this law, all of whom could be sued for 10,000 bounties by vigilantes across the state of texas. This is ridiculous, is the most extreme anti abortion law that we have ever seen. As of the situation on the ground is not good, if they dont have relief that may be forced to close their doors soon. Patients being denied access, they are having to Travel Hundreds of miles to other states and it is delaying care and other states as well. Patients in neighbouring states are being delayed by multiple weeks because of the influx of patients from texas. Weeks because of the influx of patients from texas. Marc there come a Lawyer Patients from texas. Marc there come a lawyer from patients from texas. Marc there come a lawyer from the patients from texas. Marc there come a lawyer from the center i come a lawyer from the center for reproductive rights, thank you forjoining us on tuesday. Youre watching newsday on the bbc. Still to come on the programme. We will tell you how this Crawling Frog is able to adapt to the changing climate. The israeli Prime Minister yitzhak rabin, the architect of The Middle East Peace Process has been assassinated. A 27 year old jewish man has been arrested, and an Extremistjewish Organisation has claimed responsibility for the killing. At Polling Booths throughout the country, they voted on a historic day for australia. As the results came in, it was clear. The monarchy would survive. Of the american hostages there was no sign, they are being held somewhere inside the compound, and Student Leaders are threatened, that should the americans attempt rescue, they will all die. This mission has surpassed all expectations. Voyager one is now the most distant man made object anywhere in the universe, and itjust seems to keep on going. Tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals. This is newsday on the bbc. Im Karishma Vaswani in singapore. The glasgow Climate Summit has opened with Borisjohnson Warning World Leaders that they would never be forgiven, if they failed to stop Global Temperatures from soaring. The Prime Minister of india the worlds third biggest Greenhouse Gas emitter, says his country will aim for Net Zero Carbon by 2070 20 years after many other nations. An agreement to reverse deforestation by 2030 has been announced by over 100 World Leaders at the Cop26 Summit In Glasgow they describe it as the biggest step forward in a generation. Representatives of over 85 of the worlds forests will endorse the glasgow leaders declaration on forest and land use, backed by over 19 billion in funding. And nowhere is the need to protect forests as stark as in the democratic republic of congo. From kinshasa, elodie toto reports. The power that could be. This is the inga dam on the congo river. At full potential, it would be part of the largest hydroelectric Power Station in the world. But it doesnt even supply the majority of congolese. 50 years ago, a project to build a series of dams began. Two were built. But in 1982, the project stalled. It is a frustration for many here. Like most congolese, when this lady prepares food she uses charcoal. Translation since we have no electricity, we use wood or coal when we have it. And she is not the only one. In bombaka, access to electricity is almost zero. The National Electricity Company Supplies fewer than a0 subscribers from its unreliable power plant. But there are almost 1 Million People living in the city. To avoid being in the dark, some use solar panels. But the average congolese person earns a less than 2 per day, so many families cannot afford solar panels. And so they turn to the forest. Translation | started by chopping wood, then i put it here and i cover it. After that, we make a fire lasting seven days before we have a finished product. We know that doing this work is dangerous for the environment but if you dont do it, what are we going to live on . We have families to feed. More than 90 of the population uses wood as energy on a daily basis. An activity that has a Significant Impact on the rainforest, with how much Carbon Dioxide it can absorb and how much oxygen it can provide. Translation everywhere here it is a big loss, simply due to human activity. The forest plays an important roll in the regulation of the atmosphere. The forest plays an Important Role in the regulation of the atmosphere because it is from the forest we get oxygen. When we cut down the forest, the cycle of purification is broken and it is human beings that suffer. As World Leaders gather for the Climate Summit in the uk, the congolese government will be hoping that message is heard. No doubt, so will its people. Elodie toto, bbc news, kinshasa. We are all being affected by Climate Change but there are fears many species around the world wont be able to adapt quick enough. Well, in a world First Laboratory trial, a group of scientists in australia have mixed populations of frogs to produce tadpoles more adaptable to changing weather patterns. Lets talk to associate professor nicki mitchell, from the university of Western Australia who worked on the trial. Great to have you on newsday. I got to ask, why frogs and why have you mixed to this population or these populations of frogs in particular . Of frogs in particular . Frogs, i auess of frogs in particular . Frogs, i guess over of frogs in particular . Frogs, i guess over the of frogs in particular . Frogs, i guess over the world of frogs in particular . Frogs, i guess over the world publicj i guess over the world public most threatening groups of animals and Climate Change is a bit of a problem for them if the water is going to become less available. So lots of parts of the world are drying and australia where i am in the southwest we have seen Drying Climates for about 50 years. And drying is a addict into the future. We have done that this study is that we know that the species has naturally evolved in different rainfall areas, some areas have no rainfall, some areas have no rainfall, some have high rainfall and we are worried that the high raffle populations or could be very stressed and potentially face extension with less Forecast Rain in the future. Despite of the natural variation in the tolerance of these populations drying out, and with cross populations from dry areas populations from wet areas, and test whether or not the tadpoles actually do better when they develop on drier conditions. So the species doesnt actually read in water, it breeds on land so the x develop in soils and thats really what the challenge is for the species to adapt to. Drier soils. For the species to adapt to. Drier soils. Fascinating stuff, but when drier soils. Fascinating stuff, but when you drier soils. Fascinating stuff, but when you thing drier soils. Fascinating stuff, but when you thing about. Drier soils. Fascinating stuff, but when you thing about it | but when you thing about it frogs are just one of the species that have had to adapt to Climate Change and their living conditions, frankly, for thousands of years. His Climate Change happening too fast for species . For other species to adapt to . Adapt to . Climate change is happening adapt to . Climate change is happening faster adapt to . Climate change is happening faster than adapt to . Climate change is happening faster than we i adapt to . Climate change is i happening faster than we think it has ever occurred before in our evolutionary history. Species can have low genetic variation which the consequence of them being in small fragmented populations. Also species that have long breeding times like lung living species. You might think that frogs be ok but a lot of populations we know basically now as i said i slid in small populations, they dont have much genetic diversity but the diversity that they might be able to use is out there in other populations and theyjust cant mix with anymore. Climate change probably will happen too quickly for those species that are living close to their challenges already come and is the kind of research we have done is try to just look for that useful variation is still persistent in the population to try and bring into the other populations. Try and bring into the other pepuiations try and bring into the other populations. And ust briefly, fro. S populations. And ust briefly, frogs now. H populations. And ust briefly, frogs now, what populations. And just briefly, frogs now, what is populations. And just briefly, frogs now, what is next . Populations. And just briefly, i frogs now, what is next . Whats next for this frogs now, what is next . Whats next for this research frogs now, what is next . Whats next for this research is frogs now, what is next . Whats next for this research is hard next for this research is hard to say. We have done is tested this sort of method in a laboratory, its called assisted gene flow and which showed that you really do need to test out whether cross is whatever it is better offspring or in some cases poorer offspring at the populations are mixing into genetically different. We have should this could work and we could potentially do this in field trials to assist threaten population bring in genes that might be useful. Im population bring in genes that might be useful. Population bring in genes that might be useful. Im so sorry i will have might be useful. Im so sorry i will have to might be useful. Im so sorry i will have to jump might be useful. Im so sorry i will have to jump in might be useful. Im so sorry i will have to jump in there, will have to jump in there, Nikki Mitchell from the university of Western Australia on that fascinating trial. Thanks for watching. Hello. After a warm and wet october of the stormy final weekend has a different flavour to our weather now that we are into november. Low pressure is moving away, around and there are still showers but overall it is looking drier. Now is a developing Northerly Breeze coming into the uk and its chilly now, but it is turning colder still in the next couple of days. Here is what is on the agenda for the rest of the week. We have established as low pressure moves away, drier, the air around it turning colder. Some sunny spells, yes, a chance of showers mainly coastal areas. 0vernight Fog and frost, got both of those in some spots as tuesday begins. Especially across parts of england where the cultist areas here getting close to freezing at the day begins. Showers from the word go in northern scotland, and some of these can be heavy maybe with hail and thunder. And some will push for south across scotland during the day and increasing chance of catching a shower in Northern Ireland. Across parts of wales for the western side of england. Much of central and Eastern England will state largely dry, many places will see sunny spells and temperatures across the uk nine to 12 celsius. The wind continuing to ease. And with those light winds overnight and into wednesday thats a recipe for summit mist and fog patches, especially across parts of england and wales. And again a recipe for seeing temperatures close to freezing, especially in the countryside for A Touch Of Frost as wednesday starts. So on wednesday, then, again many places going to stay dry. You can see the showers around to begin with and mainly affecting coastal areas. If you running through Northern Ireland, some inter northern scotland. This batch along the north sea coast mayjust push further inland across england during the day with that Wind Direction. And a cold orfeeling day on wednesday with more places topping out in just single figures for the top temperature. As we go from wednesday to thursday, a High Pressure trying to nudge in from the west and with that Wind Direction also killing off many of the showers across western parts of the uk. We will continue to see them especially along some north sea coast on thursday. A stronger Northerly Breeze commit more of the wind chill around on thursday. And there is a change developing in northwest scotland, thicker clouds and some outbreaks of rain starting to move in. A Weather System that will bring some rain to parts of scotland, and Northern Ireland going into saturday and then pushing a little bit further south as the weekend goes on. And thats your latest forecast for the week ahead. Welcome to hardtalk i am stephen sackur. He has enjoyed independent statehood for 13 years . Kosovo but half the world does not recognise. Corruption is endemic in its own Prime Minister has doubts about the desirability of independence and that Prime Minister is my