carbon. enough of burning and drillin: carbon. enough of burning and drilling and — carbon. enough of burning and drilling and mining _ carbon. enough of burning and drilling and mining are - carbon. enough of burning and drilling and mining are way - carbon. enough of burning and - drilling and mining are way deeper. we are_ drilling and mining are way deeper. we are digging our own graves. but there we are digging our own graves. there was a and there's a significant commitment from one of the world's biggest polluters. by 2070, india will achieve the target of net zero admissions. president biden said the fight against global warming is a moral imperative. the chinese and russian leaders are not attending. and all the while, the campaigners are waiting alongside the world to see whether this summit can turn the course on the climate. hello welcome back to glasgow, and the crucial opening day of the cop 26 summit. 120 heads of state are here for the first day of negotiations. everyone gets their say at a cop summit and in this room behind me we have had some pretty punchy speeches this afternoon from a number of the leaders. and we have a firm promise at last from india's prime minister narendra modi on net—zero carbon emissions, however the goal is 2070, there been a number of leaders. in the southern leaders in the small island states and the host prime minister will not mind that. there's nothing like being face—to—face with those most impacted by your decisions. it is the technical teams that will hammer out the details in the back rooms, but it is the leaders that must set the scale of the ambition. we begin with this report from our uk political editor laura kuenssberg in glasgow. welcome to glasgow. thousands have made the trip from their countries. the journey, more the shivering arrival, straight forward. their hope is that the queues and the wait will be worth it. this could affect everyone's home, but the well�*s political leaders but the world's political leaders did not pay is quite the same ordeal, arriving on a united nations blue, not red, carpet. to hearfirst the prime minister's big, serious moment on the world stage. humanity has long since run down the clock on climate change, it is one minute to midnight on that doomsday clock and we need to act now. the leaders of some of the biggest polluters, china, russia and turkey, have not shown, keeping much more than a social distance. the anger and the impatience of the world will be uncontainable unless we make this cop26 in glasgow at the moment when we get real about climate change. they will not forgive us. they will know that glasgow was the historic turning point when history fails to turn. the platform also for those people whose way of life is at grave risk right now. the earth is speaking. she tells us that we have no more time. the uk is the host to a rainbow of nearly 200 countries and wants them all to promise to cut their own carbon emissions and the wealthier to corporate more towards the $100 billion pot to help poorer countries go green. but what are the chances but do you think they are finally given as the urgency it needs? i really could not sit in that room and not feel it. we are optimistic. i have to do my speech now. there is a real sense of purpose, but all the leaders, president biden included, must be aware it will be a long fortnight. simply not every leader is as enthusiastic as the west with wealthier populations. some of the mega economies are moving far slower than the uk would like. the indian prime minister promised today he would balance carbon emissions with absorbing those gases 20 years later than borisjohnson once net zero, only by 2070. but the mood in glasgow is darkening towards those who are dragging their feet. in two generations�* time they will be remembered for this fortnight. they could have been brilliant and everything else they have done and they will be cursed if they don't get this right. that is interesting, you use the phrase occurs, that is interesting, you use the phrase cursed, for somebody in your position of authority it is a very strong word. it was consciously a strong word. people will speak of them in far stronger terms than we speak today of the politicians of the 30s, the politicians who ignored what was happening in nazi germany, because this will kill people all around the world for generations and we will have no means of averting it. he later apologised for making the comparison to the nazi genocide. number ten stepped around commenting on the nature of those claims, but said there is no doubt about the seriousness of the climate challenge and have no doubt that every lever of every kind of british power is being pulled at least this week for an agreement. three generations of the royal family will be visible in one way or another. the attention justified by what many here see as an emergency. it is only day one of the discussion, it is already taken more than two decades, but the consequences of glasgow's conversation will be felt far longer than that. we have the emitters of varying descriptions. the eu, russia, america, china and india. in china, russia and india are not talking about the middle of the century but 2060 2070 which is too late for some people. let's look at some of the speeches by world leaders. first, the us presidentjoe biden. the science is clear. we don't have a brief window left before us to raise ambitions to raised to meet the task that is rapidly narrowing. this is the decisive decade in which you have an opportunity to prove ourselves. we can keep the goal of limiting global warming to just ourselves. we can keep the goal of limiting global warming tojust 1.5 celsius within our reach if we come together. if we commit to doing our part of each of our nations with determination and with ambition. also at cop26 is the prime minister of australia, scott morrison. here's a bit of his address. ill be met by those who frankly are largely not in this room. it will be our scientists, our technologists. 0ur engineers and entrepreneurs and our industrialists and our financiers that will actually chart the path and that zero and it is up to us as leaders of government to bring the men. technology will have the answers to a d carbonised economy particularly over time. as mentioned, the indian prime minister narendra modi made some bold promises. have a listen. firstly, india will increase its nonfossii _ firstly, india will increase its nonfossil energy capacity to 500 gigawatts by 2030. secondly, india will fulfil_ gigawatts by 2030. secondly, india will fulfil 50% of its energy requirements from renewable energy sources _ requirements from renewable energy sources by— requirements from renewable energy sources by 2030 between now and 2030 _ sources by 2030 between now and 2030. india will reduce its total projected carbon emissions byi billion— projected carbon emissions byi billion tonnes. 40 x 2030. india will reduce _ billion tonnes. 40 x 2030. india will reduce the carbon intensity of its economy by 45%. and fifthly, by 2070. _ its economy by 45%. and fifthly, by 2070, india — its economy by 45%. and fifthly, by 2070, india will achieve the target of net _ 2070, india will achieve the target of net zero — 2070, india will achieve the target of net zero admissions. 6596 2070, india will achieve the target of net zero admissions.— of net zero admissions. 6596 of india's electricity _ of net zero admissions. 6596 of india's electricity generated i of net zero admissions. 6596 of. india's electricity generated from coal. the only to be massive investment. navin singh khadka — is the environment correspondent for the world service. 50% coming from 2030, that will require an enormous mode of money that will have to be underwritten by the roads biggest economies. thifi’iii the roads biggest economies. this'll be a big challenge _ the roads biggest economies. this'll be a big challenge and _ the roads biggest economies. this'll be a big challenge and we _ the roads biggest economies. “isl s'ii be a big challenge and we did the calculation worked the core exit would cost in asia alone, for the next 20 years, we would be between nine and $30 trillion. trillion is china that leaves 3 trillion for countries like india, indonesia, vietnam. and enormous amount and it means in concrete terms, basically, every single day for the next 20 years, you would need to shut off a coal fire plant, years, you would need to shut off a coalfire plant, but that years, you would need to shut off a coal fire plant, but that is not happening. there are plans to build 300 more there. this is a huge challenge and it will require an enormous resource that will need to come from the public sector, private sector but also from the international community. find sector but also from the international community. and boris johnson is talked _ international community. and boris johnson is talked about _ international community. and boris johnson is talked about that - international community. and boris johnson is talked about that saying | johnson is talked about that saying that we need to harness enormous amounts of money that are in private finance. borisjohnson announced finance. boris johnson announced billion finance. borisjohnson announced billion dollars of additional funding in india which they will underwrite. if every country starts to come forward with those types of pledges, does that encourage private business to come forward? i pledges, does that encourage private business to come forward?— pledges, does that encourage private business to come forward? i hope you will have a snowball _ business to come forward? i hope you will have a snowball effect. _ business to come forward? i hope you will have a snowball effect. but - business to come forward? i hope you will have a snowball effect. but we - will have a snowball effect. but we need to show is also to have bankable project. we need to start with the coal exit with or fire plan starting to get phased out soon. in this type of money will be important. and we, but we think is everyone needs to scale up not only for countries but international like the world bank, but we are certainly wanting to do is scale up significantly our financing and we expect that we'll have $25 billion of climate financing every single yearfor of climate financing every single year for the next five years and hopefully also, bring in more private investments.- hopefully also, bring in more private investments. some of the anariest private investments. some of the angriest investments _ private investments. some of the angriest investments are - private investments. some of the angriest investments are from . private investments. some of the | angriest investments are from the island states. we look at finances that have gone to the small island states of the last three or four years, they've gone backwards according to the sources. how do you underwrite the risks of developing countries that are sinking under the waves? irate countries that are sinking under the waves? ~ ., countries that are sinking under the waves? ~ . , , waves? we have been scaling very massively support _ waves? we have been scaling very massively support not _ waves? we have been scaling very massively support not only - waves? we have been scaling very massively support not only in - waves? we have been scaling very massively support not only in the l massively support not only in the pacific but the caribbean,. so some will need congressional resources and what we need to make sure is that there hit by typhoons and hurricanes and we need to help them and we have, for the middle income countries, when they are heads, they have no support. and we have to be making the case that we need to give them additional support, including debt relief and times of distress because when it hits the silent, it is not a couple of million, it is often the equivalent of five, ten, 20, 30% of gdp and that becomes very difficult to finance and they need support. i difficult to finance and they need su ort. ., , difficult to finance and they need su ort. ., ., ~ difficult to finance and they need su ort. . ~' ., support. i was talking to the director general _ support. i was talking to the director general of - support. i was talking to the director general of the - support. i was talking to the _ director general of the commonwealth of nations and she has been hit twice by hurricanes and the point she was making is that they spent an enormous amount of money recovering from what would be a once in a generation hurricane and then they get hit again soon after and that debt is not considered a debt of climate change, it is considered an ordinary debt. and the economy is changing and so, do you have to start looking at ways of assessing the economies so, if it's tourism, tourism is not going to be there, is it and so the balance of payments has to be reassessed according to what climate change as reeking of their countries.— their countries. precisely because ofthe their countries. precisely because of the point _ their countries. precisely because of the point you're _ their countries. precisely because of the point you're making - their countries. precisely because of the point you're making that i their countries. precisely because i of the point you're making that when they are hit, and the area, it was like the equivalent of 80% of the gdp. so they need to have massive support. while we are also looking at is when countries like barbados orjamaica, they need our support in thatis orjamaica, they need our support in that is much more difficult in terms of providing concessional support. anything that is the big challenge and think today, the prime minister of barbados made a strong point of this we have very supportive of that that they need that additional support. irate that they need that additional su ort. ~ , , ., that they need that additional su--ort.~ , , , support. we wish you the best in our support. we wish you the best in your negotiations _ support. we wish you the best in your negotiations in _ support. we wish you the best in your negotiations in these i support. we wish you the best in your negotiations in these next l support. we wish you the best in i your negotiations in these next few weeks. the money is needed. thank you very much. it is significant looking at how the submissions are. let me run you through a big emissions are. they've grown over around 3 billion tonnes of c02 per year. you can see the line claiming there, the existing target, we will see them continue to rise over the next decade. india is on course to shoot the target but it submissions us to us to projected to rise to around 4 billion tonnes in 2030. it will be a big job to go from there to net zero and for decades as they were telling us. to hit that 2070 target. let's talk to the environment correspondent for the road surface. very good devey with us on the programme. can we talk a little bit about india and how realistic it is that the target that is been set for india today. already, the target for 2050, 2060, in 2070, dabble earn more criticism and having said that ? that will have earned more criticism. but they have earned more criticism. but they have announced, they look like good on paper, the pressures remain how they will implement this because of they will implement this because of the amount required for solar power, wind power renewables, basically. that is been increased from 30% to 50% and that looks promising. the key question is, how will the emission reduction happen particularly when they are talking about coal, using more coal. find about coal, using more coal. and electric vehicles, _ about coal, using more coal. and electric vehicles, borisjohnson about coal, using more coal. and electric vehicles, boris johnson san cash cars, trees, that is very much his focus this week and where are we at in india with electric vehicles? electric vehicles are there in the programmes, although practically there are challenges. but again, mottet to experts there, they say fine, you might have electric vehicles but those that power them, if that is supplied from coal power plants, then what is the point. and after the pandemic particularly when they're trying to reboot their battered economy and it's categorically said that those resources, for the time they opened them up to private companies and they inspired to be the biggest coal producer. and that is a big question, how they do it and will there be technology for the carbon stories or clean coal was white the pleasures, the pledges made by ?? big that was definitely a major concern, not just that was definitely a major concern, notjust in india but elsewhere as well. but other officials of tried to reassure that they have enough storage but when they're talking about that, they're talking about coal. they were saying there was no stock of coal and there will be no power in the factories are to be shut down. they quickly saying we have stocks and we will revamp it, we will pick it up. yes, an energy crisis is definitely a thing in quickly, just today in the statement, you can see that we talked about energy security. they talked about energy security. they talked about energy security. they talked about clean energy but there are also talking about securing this and it could ultimately mean use of fossil fuels. and it could ultimately mean use of fossil fuels-— fossil fuels. thank you very much for our fossil fuels. thank you very much for your analysis. _ we talk a lot about the target of 1.5 degrees. what is it? why does it matter. 0ur reality check correspondent chris morris outlines the significance of staying below one point five degrees of warming. with produced a legally binding treaty. warming to well below to degrees and preferably to 1.5 celsius, compared to preindustrial levels. it is important to stress the more we talk about 1.5 degrees of warming, we're talking about the increase in the average temperature across the whole planet. it doesn't sound like a lot, but some places have already seen much bigger increases. and as the earth warms up, extreme weather events becoming more frequent. climate scientists were alarmed by how extreme some of them have been. such is the soaring temperatures in north america's heat donein temperatures in north america's heat done injune and july this year smashing previous records. the comparison to preindustrial levels a couple years ago was also important. because nearly all man—made global warming has been caused by the use of fossil fuels. coal, warming has been caused by the use of fossilfuels. coal, oiland gas which of fossilfuels. coal, oil and gas which of power the industrial age. the transition to renewable energy is well under way but it's going to be really hard to meet the 1.5 degrees target. many experts think it may already be too late to do so. increasing global temperatures is an average 1.1 or1.2 increasing global temperatures is an average 1.1 or 1.2 degrees above preindustrial levels. so, if current trends continue, we will pass 1.5 degrees sometimes in the 20 30s and even after taking account of most of the recent national pledges to cut carbon emissions further, the human thinks we will have 2.7 degrees of warming by the end of the century with catastrophic consequences. a lot of leaders will tell you that the real focus should lot of leaders will tell you that the realfocus should be lot of leaders will tell you that the real focus should be 2030. lot of leaders will tell you that the realfocus should be 2030. set to rise by around 16% and we need to cut emissions by 45% and there's a lot of work to do. the most affects the developing countries were suffering the worst effects of climate change, including increased floods, droughts and wildfires they're using the summit to press leaders a lot of work to do. the most affects the developing countries were suffering the worst effects of climate change, including increased floods, droughts and wildfires there using the summit to press leaders of new commitments. let's start with the barbados prime minister. . . let's start with the barbados prime minister. ,, ., , ., minister. small island developing states declined _ minister. small island developing states declined by _ minister. small island developing states declined by 2596 _ minister. small island developing states declined by 2596 in - minister. small island developing states declined by 2596 in 2019. l states declined by 25% in 2019. failure to provide the critical finance and that of loss and damage is measured, my friends and lives and livelihoods. in our communities. this is immoral and it is unjust. it was a speech they got a round of applause from standing and many others. a group of 46 nations issued this statement. they want richer and developed countries to fulfil a pledge to provide $100 billion each year in finance to help reduce emissions and adapt to climate change—agree to net—zero targets on greenhouse gases well before 2050. acknowledge the loss and damage they have experienced, such as the effects of rising sea levels or frequent flooding. well, this is of course also impacting smaller, island nations. here's the prime minister of antigua and barbuda. we are suffering most of the consequences of climate change. we are seeing more frequent and ferocious storms, we've seen ocean recertification and the destruction of our coral reefs. and even now on the coast line in some instances, we are losing our beaches. and as you know, most of our economies are tourism based. and when you lose the beaches, you lose your tourism. so it's a very significant threat for those of us on the front lines, countries in the caribbean, in the pacific, and indian oceans, and that is why we continue to push developed countries and industrialised countries to reduce their emissions. you can hear the frustration in his voice the well, developing countries have historically contributed a very small proportion of the damaging emissions that drive climate change. currently the richest 1% of the global population account for more than twice the combined emissions of the poorest 50%. bangladesh is among the most vulnerable to climate change. 0ur science editor david shukman looks at one village there and what it needs. in a village on the coast of bangladesh, people are using mud to try to hold back the sea. it's all they've got. the rising level of the ocean means they're getting more often. they're getting flooded more often. and we saw the same villagers struggling in the same way back in 2009. the people who've done the least to cause climate change suffering the most from it. it's a forecast of climate scientists, and the sea rises even more, only by a meter by the end of the century. well, how on earth are these millions of people going to cope? with life so precarious, this community has long been desperate for international help. that's why shorbanu wanted to share her story at the climate summit in copenhagen 12 years ago. she told me she was pleased to be there and believed that world leaders would do something. they didn't. and now, shorbanu's life is tougher than ever. extreme weather is striking more often, and there's still very little assistance. translation: we have no idea what we can do. i if people can help us, then something can change. we don't have the money to move to other places. i have nothing that i can give to my children. it is an enormous challenge for that country and will talk more about the challenge for developing countries in the coming hours stay with us. good evening. october 2021 has been both warmer and wetter than average. it certainly ended on a very wet note and windy one, as well — and that same area of low pressure has brought a lot of showers along spells of rain and brisk winds during the day today. but it's moving out of the way and we change our wind direction to a northwesterly, and we will notice a distinct chill in the air. still plenty of showers though to come through this evening, some heavy with hail and thunder as you can see, and still a brisk wind blowing across the north of scotland. but gradually through the night, the showers do tend to ease somewhat, the skies clearing and winds easing in the south, so a touch of frost in rural parts of england and wales, and even some fog here come the morning. and at this time of year, november time, the fog will linger throughout the rush hour, in fact, throughout much of the morning. otherwise, once it goes, we should see more sunshine around for those areas that have been pretty wet through the day today, like north wales and parts of northern england. not as wet and windy across northern scotland, but still plenty of showers blowing in here, and any of the showers that materialise through the day could be heavy with hail and thunder — nowhere is exempt, but the further east you are, the fewer showers there will be. but despite temperatures being on par with those of today, because of the change in wind direction, i think there will be a bit of a chill in the air, 8—12 celsius. then through tomorrow night, those showers keep coming, that northerly wind with us. but inland, away from those showers, it will be cold again — a touch of frost, a colder night for scotland and northern ireland, as well, i think, and probably more fog around wednesday morning with the lighter wind regime. and that fog could lingerfor some right the way through the morning, certainly a risk of a hazard on the road through the rush hour, still a chilly day with showers pestering the west coast, the east coast, and northern scotland, but some good spells of sunshine inland away from those showers. but still, just enough breeze to keep carrying them southward through the night, wednesday to thursday — again, another chilly night, more widely frost in the north, as you can see, perhaps not as much of those onshore winds and showers into southern and eastern areas. and perhaps it's here where we will see most of those showers then through the day on thursday — because further north and west, we're starting to bring more cloud back in, the atlantic influence, if you like, the onset once again of some milder air. initiallyjust some cloud and patchy rain, as you can see here on friday, but it will turn more unsettled with time over the weekend again. hello, i'm christian fraser live from the cop26 summit. ill make the world has the chance of in the shared objective of creating a safer future for our people on this planet which we depend.— which we depend. none of us underestimates _ which we depend. none of us underestimates the - which we depend. none of us| underestimates the challenge which we depend. none of us - underestimates the challenge ahead, but history has shown that when nations come together for common cause, there's always for hope. leaders of some of the countries responsible for the most emissions are at the summit, including president biden. at the chinese and russian leaders are not attending. there's been some progress on cutting co2 with a significant commitment from one of the world's biggest polluters. translation: br; biggest polluters. translation: 6, i: 1: biggest polluters. translation: j :: :: ., translation: by 2070, india will achieve their _ translation: by 2070, india will achieve their target _ translation: by 2070, india will achieve their target of _ translation: by 2070, india will achieve their target of net - translation: by 2070, india will achieve their target of net zero i achieve their target of net zero emissions. achieve their target of net zero emissions-— achieve their target of net zero emissions. �* ~ ,, , �* emissions. i'm ros atkins, we'll talk about— emissions. i'm ros atkins, we'll talk about london _ emissions. i'm ros atkins, we'll talk about london and _ emissions. i'm ros atkins, we'll talk about london and the i emissions. i'm ros atkins, we'll talk about london and the uk i emissions. i'm ros atkins, we'll. talk about london and the uk who emissions. i'm ros atkins, we'll- talk about london and the uk who are still at loggerheads over fishing. france has threatened to block british boats from tomorrow unless an agreement is found. hello, welcome back to glasgow, and the crucial opening day of the major climate summit called cop26. over 120 heads of state are here for the first day of negotiations. absent though is the queen, who is missing the event on medical advice. in the past few minutes, buckingham palace the queen has released this video message to world leaders. have a listen. i'm delighted to welcome you all to the 26th united nations climate change conference. and it is perhaps fitting to have come together in glasgow — once a heartland of the industrial revolution, but now a place to address climate change. this is a duty i'm especially happy to discharge as the impact of the environment on human progress was a subject close to the heart of my dear late husband, prince philip of the duke of edinburgh. i remember well that in 1969, he told an academic gathering, "if the world pollution situation is not critical at the moment, it is as certain as anything can be that the situation will become increasingly intolerable within a very short time. if we failed to cope with this challenge, all the other problems will pale into insignificance." it is a source of great pride to me that the leading role my husband played in encouraging people to protect our fragile planet lives on through the work of our eldest son, charles, and his eldest son, william. i could not be more proud of them. indeed, i have drawn great comfort and inspiration from the relentless enthusiasm of people of all ages, especially the young, in calling for everyone to play their part. in the coming days, the world has the chance to join in the shared objective of creating a safer, stable or future for our people and the planet on which we depend. none of us underestimates the challenges ahead. but history has shown that when nations come together in common cause, there is always room for hope. working side—by—side, we have the ability to solve the most insurmountable problems and to triumph over the greatest of adversities. for more than 70 years, i have been lucky to meet and to know many of the world's great leaders. and i have perhaps come to understand a little bit about what made them special. it has sometimes been observed that what leaders do for their people today is government and politics. but what they do for the people of tomorrow, that is statesmanship. ifor one the people of tomorrow, that is statesmanship. i for one hope the people of tomorrow, that is statesmanship. ifor one hope that this conference will be one of those rare occasions where everyone will have the chance to rise above the politics of the moment and achieve true statesmanship. it is the hope of many that the legacy of this summit, written in history books yet to be printed, will describe you as the leaders who did not pass up the opportunity, and that you answer the call of those future generations. that you left this conference as a community of nations with a determination, a desire, and a plan to address the impact of climate change. and to recognise that the time for words has now moved to the time for words has now moved to the time for words has now moved to the time for action. of course the benefits of such actions will not be there to enjoy for all of us here today. we none of us will live forever. but we are doing this not forever. but we are doing this not for ourselves, but for our children and our children's children, and those who will follow in their footsteps. and so i wish you every good fortune in this significant endeavour. good fortune in this significant endeavour-— good fortune in this significant endeavour. ,, endeavour. the queen with her messaue endeavour. the queen with her message to _ endeavour. the queen with her message to cop26, _ endeavour. the queen with her message to cop26, always i endeavour. the queen with her| message to cop26, always very valuable to have the queen's input, every british my minister once the queen there like this. she is being asked to rest by her doctors, the queen is 95—year—old now. a lot of people are concerned by that but they will be reassured by how well her majesty looks in that video message. if you are examining the if your examining the positions of the world's biggest carbon emitters, you need to start with the biggest of them all — china. the us accused them of failing to do enough to tackle global warming. but what is their policy? president xijinping is not attending the summit, but that's not surprising, he's not left china since the covid pandemic. the government says the proportion of energy generated from non—fossil fuel sources should be 25% by 2030. beijing is aiming to reach carbon neutrality by 2060, although it's not set out exactly what this means and how it will get there. china generates more solar power than any other nation. and has more than triple the wind power installations of any other country. professor steve tsang, director of the soas china institute, joins me now. we've set a number of times over the last couple days that xi jinping is not here, but there is a chinese delegation here. how sizeable is that and what power do they have to delegate on behalf of the chinese government?— delegate on behalf of the chinese rovernment? , , , ., , government? chinese representatives have fairly strict _ government? chinese representatives have fairly strict negotiating _ have fairly strict negotiating instructions. so it would be very difficult for the head of the chinese delegations to go beyond his breathe. when it comes to the bits of making extra concessions, he will have to have authorisation from beijing before he can agree to anything. h0 beijing before he can agree to an hina. ., ., ., ., , ., anything. no world leader wants to be blamed for— anything. no world leader wants to be blamed for the _ anything. no world leader wants to be blamed for the claimant - anything. no world leader wants to i be blamed for the claimant damage, and i would think that xi jinping be blamed for the claimant damage, and i would think that xijinping is in that category —— claimant damage. do you think you will be influenced by what prime minister modi has set out today? by what prime minister modi has set out toda ? ~ ~ ., by what prime minister modi has set out toda ? ~ a, , ., ., out today? well, modi set a target that is ten years _ out today? well, modi set a target that is ten years behind _ out today? well, modi set a target that is ten years behind the - out today? well, modi set a target that is ten years behind the target | that is ten years behind the target that is ten years behind the target that china has set under shooting pain. so i think xijinping will actually be feeling quite good about it —— under shooting pain, that china is ten years ahead of india. i think the reality is that china does take the environment very seriously, xijinping is taking the reality seriously, but because of this higher priority of keeping the light on and keeping industries going in china so that you will have a third term in office next year —— he will have. i5 term in office next year -- he will have. , ., term in office next year -- he will have. , . ., . have. is there a fine balance for every chinese — have. is there a fine balance for every chinese leader, _ have. is there a fine balance for every chinese leader, obviouslyj have. is there a fine balance for- every chinese leader, obviously the chinese economy has been driven by property development and construction, and the steel that goes into that, the number ofjobs involved in construction — and when you stop that as you try to reduce your omissions, of course people don't have work. so is it always for a chinese leader with so many people in the country a fine balance of keeping people employed and at the same time doing what's best for them in terms of the climate? i same time doing what's best for them in terms of the climate?— in terms of the climate? i think there is a _ in terms of the climate? i think there is a lot _ in terms of the climate? i think there is a lot in _ in terms of the climate? i think there is a lot in it _ in terms of the climate? i think there is a lot in it that - in terms of the climate? i think there is a lot in it that even i in terms of the climate? i think there is a lot in it that even for| there is a lot in it that even for them, it must strike that balance. i think i will say that it's true that you talk about the other, which is the most important one, which is for the most important one, which is for the communist party of china to tell people in china that the parties delivering what they want. and here they have been delivered both. people in china want improvements in the environment, they also want to have jobs the environment, they also want to havejobs and a higher range of economic growth. they are not entirely completely compatible. oi entirely completely compatible. of course every world leader's responsibility is to protect their people, and we've seen this year with the floods and some terrible pictures of people dying from flooding on the subway. it really drove home to people in china how much the world is changing? it certainly does. this really started about ten years ago when the air in beijing was so thick and filthy that you could practically not breathe safely there. and that's the point where they started to make the change. so the storm in the summer would certainly reinforce that message — but when people in china got the news desk at the news, they only get the news that the party wants them to get. they don't quite get the news the same way we get it here. ., , ,., get the news the same way we get it here. ., ,,., ., ., get the news the same way we get it here. ., , ,., ., ., ., here. professor, we are grateful for our here. professor, we are grateful for your time. — here. professor, we are grateful for your time, thanks _ here. professor, we are grateful for your time, thanks so _ here. professor, we are grateful for your time, thanks so much - here. professor, we are grateful for your time, thanks so much for i here. professor, we are grateful for. your time, thanks so much for coming on. ., �* . ., the turkish president has cancelled his plans to attend the climate summit in glasgow because of a disagreement over security arrangements. recep tayyip erdogan said he decided to stay away after organisers refused to meet his demands, which are thought to relate to the size of his entourage. so what went wrong, and what is ankara climate policy? turkey was the last g20 country to ratify the paris climate agreement, which parliament passed just last month. they government said it plans a reduction in emissions of 21% by 2030, and to reach net—zero emissions by 2053. in 2019, turkey surpassed its 2023 target of 38% share of renewables in the power mix, reaching 44%. the country has felt the effects of climate change, including recent floods and wildfires, as well as an extended drought. our middle east correspondent tom bateman has more on this from istanbul. well, this seems to be a spat about their length of motorcades and the numbers of security guards. president erdogan had been due to head off to the cop summit, they'd been at the g20 conference in rome, and would've gone to glasgow. but instead, he's flown back here to istanbul, telling reporters on the plane that he's given up on glasgow — and the reason on that is a dispute about the size of his security protocol. it seems that it's reported at least in the turkish media that the us presidentjoe biden has a certain size of security, the turks at one point had been promised an equivalent security protocol, but that was rescinded by the british who have not commented on any of this. but mr erdogan very upset — he says that it's a security issue, but also that it harms turkey�*s pride and honour, and that's why he's not going. there will be a more junior turkish delegation there at glasgow, but all of this matters because turkey is on the agenda at the cop26 conference — it was the last g20 country to ratify the 2015 paris agreement. now that is intended to prevent more than a two celsius rise in the average global temperature on preindustrial levels. turkey the very last country to sign off on it — and president erdogan has always said he wants turkey to be seen as a developing, rather than industrialised or developed country in that agreement. and that's not how it's listed — the reason for that is developing countries get a few more goodies and a few fewer responsibilities under these agreements. but president erdogan has said historically, turkey is responsible for far less global pollution than other major countries. there were some eyebrows raised when erdogan was a no—show today, and the president talking about his own security when leaders behind me have been talking about the security of millions of people worldwide. we will have plenty more from here in glasgow, do come back for that. but i'll hand it back to ros atkins in the studio. studio: christian, thinks very much, we'll be back at cop26 in the next few minutes. another story that's been dominating today... talks have been taking place in brussels to try to resolve the fishing dispute between france and the uk. france has complained its fishermen have been prevented from fishing in british waters since a new system of licenses came in after brexit. positions have become more entrenched over the last few days with both sides issuing deadlines. france has set a deadline of tuesday — for the uk to issue more permits. after that, it says prevent british fishing boats from disembarking at its ports and step up border checks on uk goods. president macron had a fairly friendly greeting for borisjohnson when they met at cop, but he's said the situation has left some french fisherman unable to make a living. he said that was a result of a "political choice" by the uk since the brexit deal came into force — and he said there would be consequences. translation: the french government i and the eu have legitimately said, i "if you continue with that approach, there will be retaliatory measures." my wish is that we don't go that way, because that wouldn't help our fishermen. it is more to reach an agreement so that our fishermen can make a living from theirjobs. the uk has set its own deadline of wednesday for france to withdraw its threats. it says if it doesn't, the uk says it will take legal action. here's britain's foreign secretary. if they don't withdraw those threats, we are prepared to use the dispute resolution mechanism in the trade deal we signed with the eu to take action against the french. they have behaved unfairly, the fishing licenses were awarded entirely in accordance with the trade deal we negotiated. and we now we need them to withdraw those unreasonable threats that they've made. somewhat stuck in the middle of all this isjersey — a self—governing dependency of the uk located in the channel near france. the islands government is responsible for managing the licences. it says it's just following process set out in the uk's trade deal with the eu. the new trade deal quite clearly. says that vessels have to show that they've fished for more than ten days in any one of _ the last three years. they also had to complete logbooks — and what we are saying is, _ for those vessels where we've got i good evidence and that logbook data, we are issuing licenses. where we haven't got the evidence, to issue them without that evidence would mean that we were breaching the trade deab _ and that's not something we want to do. _ the dispute has already escalated. last week, this british fishing trawler was detained by the french authorities in the port of le havre. britain's response to that was — "two can play that game". and today a government spokesman said if france went ahead with blocking british boats tomorrow it would respond in a "calibrated and proportionate" manner. nick eardley is in westminster. there is a lot of upset on both sides here, the british are saying they've stuck to the deal they signed with the eu after brexit. can we say that's the case? it’s we say that's the case? it's actually quite _ we say that's the case? it's actually quite hard - we say that's the case? it�*s actually quite hard to be definitive, but basically what the uk thinks is that there were some very strict rules in the post brexit fishing arrangements which meant that french boats had to approve they'd historically fished in uk waters to keep that access after brexit —— had to prove. and the record is that they've been pretty strict in sticking to the rules as set out in the brexit deal. but the french say there are too many boats which have been fishing in uk waters which have been fishing in uk waters which aren't getting their licenses through. so it seems to boil down to whether a few dozen boats, it's not that many, a few dozen can prove that many, a few dozen can prove that they've been in a demo for uk waters in the past. and that's what officials have been talk about today. i've got to say in london there doesn't seem to be much confidence this is headed for an imminent breakthrough. mar; confidence this is headed for an imminent breakthrough. may be some viewers are feeling _ imminent breakthrough. may be some viewers are feeling confused _ imminent breakthrough. may be some viewers are feeling confused as - imminent breakthrough. may be some viewers are feeling confused as to i viewers are feeling confused as to why two major european powers would be facing off what is, with all due respect, a relatively small number of businesses? bud respect, a relatively small number of businesses?— of businesses? and they would be absolutely right _ of businesses? and they would be absolutely right to _ of businesses? and they would be absolutely right to wonder - of businesses? and they would be absolutely right to wonder that i absolutely right to wonder that question. but a couple things — firstly, fishing is a rags issue both in france and the uk. one of those thing, if you think back to the end of december last year, it was the last thing to be signed off in the brexit talks. so it really matters to both sides as a symbolic issue. there's politics at play here, as well. remember that president macron faces a presidential election in about five months�* time in france, where he also faces some competition from the far right and nationalist parties. in the uk, we know borisjohnson�*s government likes to talk a tough game when it comes to brussels negotiations, and there�*s the backdrop of the northern ireland protocol rows to go with all this. there�*s politics at play, there�*s big symbolic issues to deal with brexit in play — and all the while the clock is ticking on this and it looks like this could soon have some pretty real consequences. hick. pretty real consequences. nick, thank you _ pretty real consequences. nick, thank you very _ pretty real consequences. nick, thank you very much _ pretty real consequences. nick, thank you very much indeed. i l pretty real consequences. nick, i thank you very much indeed. i can see that president macron is told reporters in glasgow that talks will continue on tuesday — though nick says expectations of what may come from those talks is being kept at a low level. in a few minutes, we�*ll look at india�*s on its emissions to reach net zero but it year 2070. dashed by the year here in the uk, the driver of one of two trains involved in a collision last night near salisbury has suffered injuries believed to be "life—changing". an investigation is under way into the cause of the crash, which injured several other people. jon kay has the latest — and a warning, his report contains some flashing images. questions tonight at the fisherton tunnel. these two trains were travelling into salisbury in the same direction, but somehow collided and ended up side—by—side. it mostly hurts in my shoulder, up here, that is where the major sprain is... cameron was on board, heading home from a halloween party, about to get off when suddenly... this most awful noise, which i now know was the two trains hitting each other, violently being thrown about as the train kind of... they collided and my train started going at an angle. through the window, cameron took this picture of the other train crashed alongside. to start with, it was thought the great western railways train had derailed after hitting something in the tunnel and that the second southwestern train had then crashed into it. but this evening, british transport police said they have not found any evidence that the first train struck an object. this is now a major investigation. there were almost 100 people on board the two trains, around 30 of them were treated for minor injuries. unfortunately, the driver of the train was more seriously injured, and his injuries are believed to be life—changing. he remains in hospital in a stable condition this morning. investigators are trying to establish whether the driver of the first train managed to press the alarm to warn other trains through the signalling system. it could be days before the tunnel entrance is cleared and services can resume. jon kay, bbc news, salisbury. this is outside source, live from the bbc newsroom. christian fraser is live in glasgow. queen elizabeth says she hopes the glasgow summit will be a rare occasion when world leaders will "rise above the politics of the moment" and act on climate change. lets go back to christian fraser at the cop26 summit in glasgow. i was just i wasjust reading i was just reading a tweet from our environment correspondent who speak talking about these new targets that modi has set out. my guess is that the world will have changed so much by then it won�*t be worth india going alone on a relatively high carbon trajectory. if everyone else has stopped emissions, india will become the pariah anyway." much more significant is the commitment they made to 2030. let�*s talk about that that rajini vaidyanathan is in delhi. that target of i think a lot of people here will welcome that? yes. people here will welcome that? yes, this debate was _ people here will welcome that? yes, this debate was always _ people here will welcome that? yes this debate was always about balancing the environmental benefits and challenges with the economic. india is a population of over 1.3 billion, a growing economy — in fact of all the countries in the world, the international energy agency predicts that india�*s energy demand will be increasing at the highest rate in the next two decades. so there is huge demand. at the moment, there is huge demand. at the moment, the lion�*s share of the energy comes from coal, which of course is a dirty fuel. so cutting it down will take time — and that�*s why unlike other nations that have set 2050 is when they get to net zero, we finally heard from india�*s prime minister that it�*ll be 2070. not the same time india is aggressively pursuing energy, by 2030 it wants to hit 50% of its energy from renewables. but all this takes time and it�*s a balance for prime minister modi was trying to make sure that world leaders are please but also ensuring that people here in the country are able to continue to grow their economy. it�*s in the country are able to continue to grow their economy.— in the country are able to continue to grow their economy. it's a global powerhouse. _ to grow their economy. it's a global powerhouse. you — to grow their economy. it's a global powerhouse, you know, _ to grow their economy. it's a global powerhouse, you know, 1.2 - to grow their economy. it's a global powerhouse, you know, 1.2 billion i powerhouse, you know, 1.2 billion people, india. but when he comes here, he still says you need to help us do this. how much of it will come down to finance? that us do this. how much of it will come down to finance?— down to finance? that is the big thin , down to finance? that is the big thing. when _ down to finance? that is the big thing, when the _ down to finance? that is the big thing, when the prime - down to finance? that is the big thing, when the prime ministerl thing, when the prime minister spoke, he asked for $1 trillion — which sounds like a huge amount — of climate financing. and that�*s always been the key demand notjust from india but other h democrat nations here like bangladesh, as well. i was talking to a climate expert only a few weeks ago who was saying that india is a huge country, a huge market, and we aren�*t asking for free money, but investment, saying it, invest in solar and hydro because you will get the money in the long run because it�*s a huge market. and of course everything is at scale here, some of the largest solar plants in the world are here in india already. but even that is not enough to meet the demands of this growing nation. i think the other point that many people in india say is look at the west — the west has polluted more than india historically, and now you�*re asking this developing nation to curtail its emissions? and that�*s the thing if you look at that, carbon emissions and india are far smaller than in the uk or the us. i emissions and india are far smaller than in the uk or the us.— than in the uk or the us. i have to “um in than in the uk or the us. i have to jump in there. _ than in the uk or the us. i have to jump in there. we _ than in the uk or the us. i have to jump in there, we are _ than in the uk or the us. i have to jump in there, we are out - than in the uk or the us. i have to jump in there, we are out of time, but thank you very much for your thoughts from india. to stay with us, more to come. good evening. october 2021 has been both warmer and wetter than average. it certainly ended on a very wet note and windy one, as well — and that same area of low pressure has brought a lot of showers along spells of rain and brisk winds during the day today. but it�*s moving out of the way and we change our wind direction to a northwesterly, and we will notice a distinct chill in the air. still plenty of showers though to come through this evening, some heavy with hail and thunder as you can see, and still a brisk wind blowing across the north of scotland. but gradually through the night, the showers do tend to ease somewhat, the skies clearing and winds easing in the south, so a touch of frost in rural parts of england and wales, and even some fog here come the morning. and at this time of year, november time, the fog will linger throughout the rush hour, in fact, throughout much of the morning. otherwise, once it goes, we should see more sunshine around for those areas that have been pretty wet through the day today, like north wales and parts of northern england. not as wet and windy across northern scotland, but still plenty of showers blowing in here, and any of the showers that materialise through the day could be heavy with hail and thunder — nowhere is exempt, but the further east you are, the fewer showers there will be. but despite temperatures being on par with those of today, because of the change in wind direction, i think there will be a bit of a chill in the air, 8—12 celsius. then through tomorrow night, those showers keep coming, that northerly wind with us. but inland, away from those showers, it will be cold again — a touch of frost, a colder night for scotland and northern ireland, as well, i think, and probably more fog around wednesday morning with the lighter wind regime. and that fog could lingerfor some right the way through the morning, certainly a risk of a hazard on the road through the rush hour, still a chilly day with showers pestering the west coast, the east coast, and northern scotland, but some good spells of sunshine inland away from those showers. but still, just enough breeze to keep carrying them southward through the night, wednesday to thursday — again, another chilly night, more widely frost in the north, as you can see, perhaps not as much of those onshore winds and showers into southern and eastern areas. and perhaps it�*s here where we will see most of those showers then through the day on thursday — because further north and west, we�*re starting to bring more cloud back in, the atlantic influence, if you like, the onset once again of some milder air. initiallyjust some cloud and patchy rain, as you can see here on friday, but it will turn more unsettled with time over the weekend again. this is bbc news. the headlines at 8pm: world leaders are in glasgow for the cop26 climate summit — borisjohnson warns that younger generations will remember if they don�*t act now. if we fail, they will not forgive us. they will know that glasgow was the historic turning point when history failed to turn. tonight, as members of the royal family attend a reception for the presidents and prime ministers, the queen has a message for them. none of us underestimate the challenge ahead, but history has shown that when nations come together in common cause, there is always room