to mexico after a year off, due to the pandemic. hello, thanks forjoining us. well, the warnings have come thick and fast and the long—awaited climate summit in glasgow is seen by many of the world's leaders as the last best chance to take decisive steps forward to avert a climate catastrophe. world leaders, scientists and advisers are gathering for 12 days of negotiation with the aim of a global reduction in carbon emissions and to enable countries to adapt to the rise in temperatures on the planet. they do so as the world meteorological organization has published its annual global climate report, stating that the past seven years have been the hottest on record. our science correspondent rebecca morelle has more details. a gloomy start to proceedings in glasgow, but there are high hopes for a sunnier outcome. in a socially distanced conference centre — a reminder we're still in a time of covid — as alok sharma formally takes the reins for what some say is the last chance to save the planet. floods, cyclones, wildfires, record temperatures. we know that our shared planet is changing for the worse and we can only address that together, through this international system. sirens wail. the world meteorological organization warned today that these extremes are the new normal. but it's developing countries who are suffering the most, and they say the onus should be on richer nations. malawi, like many countries that are developing, have been at the receiving end of climate change issues, pretty much brought by those developed nations who continue to emit so much carbon. central to these talks is a vital number — 1.5 degrees. if temperatures go above this, we move into dangerous territory. the world, though, is already 1.1 degrees above pre—industrial levels, and we are seeing the impacts of that right now. but even if every country does what it's promising, we're on course for 2.7 degrees by the end of the century. activists are demanding more action now, led by greta thunberg — mobbed as she arrived in glasgow — but she says there's still hope. if we can't keep the global average temperature rise to below 1.5, then we do 1.6, then 1.7 and so on. we can always prevent things from getting worse. it's never too late to do as much as we can. as the meeting gets under way, protesters say the time to tackle climate change is now. but after nearly three decades of talks, there are questions over how much can be achieved. with world leaders soon to arrive, all eyes will be on whether cop26 will succeed. rebecca morelle, bbc news, glasgow. earlier i spoke to peter kalmus, who's worked as a climate scientist at nasa'sjet propulsion laboratory and associate project scientist ucla's joint institute for regional earth systems science and engineering. what chance of it being much cop? this is the 26th conference and i think we have had a real wake—up call this summer, so this is a little bit different than the previous 25 meetings because i think the world — i mean, the earth is giving us very, very clear warnings that we are definitely in an emergency right now and it's getting harder and harderfor anyone to deny that. but that being said, it is a huge challenge and honestly, i'll be very surprised if something extremely meaningful comes out of this. we have heard a lot of discussion, though — even in the past few weeks and months — about the need to move from simple commitments to, really, being seen to be doing the job as well and there seems to be a pressure on many of the countries there to do that. would you see this as a — are we transitioning towards that far more definite action phase, rather than just promises? well, unfortunately, i would say that world leaders across the board are still expanding the fossil fuel industry. about three quarters of the climate emergency is from burning fossil fuels. so really, the only — the litmus test for meaningful action is if world leaders come up with plans to very rapidly move away from fossil fuels. crosstalk. we are seeing that, aren't we? they are getting close to agreeing to give up on coal altogether and actually, renewable energy is proving cheaper anyway. there's a huge sort of divestment away from oil and gas at the moment. i mean, those are positive signs. positive signs, yes, but then there is still discussion about net zero by 2050, which i think we will find over the next ten years probably is not fast enough. i'm actually, frankly, very concerned that 1.5 degrees celsius of global heating is going to be far more dangerous than we think right now. i think this recent summer is a wake—up call to that effect and really shocked the climate science community. right, because i think we have got into a sort of a way of thinking at the moment that 1.5 would be ok and we'll be doing very well to get there. that's right, and you know, it might not be! so i think things are moving faster in terms of sea level rise, in terms of massive human heat waves that are deadly, in terms of the flooding we've been seeing across north america, across europe and china this summer, climate famine emerging in madagascar. i mean, it is here now and there are tipping points coming. they are in the future, we're not sure exactly where they are and when they will hit us, but we know every day of inaction takes us closer to them. what do you think then, given you have your — a certain scepticism about the ability of political leaders to make the necessary steps at this stage, what will it take? i mean, is that the greta thunberg route — is it millions upon millions getting out and saying "you have to do it"? yeah, i think so. i think we need a billion climate activists and one interesting thing about this climate emergency is that it is driven by physics. every year, it is going to get worse, up until the point that we stop burning fossil fuels completely. so the movement is going to be driven by physics — i think it is the first protest movement that's ever been given by physics — and you cannot negotiate with physics. so i think more and more people are going to wake up around the world and i think we will get those billion climate activists, which will really pressure world leaders to take meaningful action, which means ramping down the fossil fuel industry quite quickly, according to a plan — an annual plan — not some distant 2050 goal, so i do have optimism that we will get there fairly quick. i think social tipping points can happen quickly too. well, optimism is a good thing to hear because it's a difficult time, isn't it? but what would be your expectation over the next five years, for example, in terms of the number of wildfires, the amount of flooding, the sort of things we have started to see almost on a daily basis now? yeah, so i'm quite confident that everything we've seen this summer and the previous summer is going to get worse, probably even noticeably worse over the next five years. and then the thing that sort of keeps me up at night is the unknown unknowns. the heat dome was not something — in the pacific north—west this summer — was not something that was on our bingo cards at all and i worry about what else is going to surprise us even over the next five years. climate scientist peter kalmus. we have already had a taste of the problems that lie ahead as well. the world's richest nations, the g20, have been gathering in rome and the leaders there were accused of failing to make the commitments needed. the british prime minister borisjohnson admitted the pledges there were too vague and not enough. the un secretary general said the time for diplomatic niceties was over. he called the glasgow summit "the last hope". 0ur political editor laura kuenssberg reports on events in rome. a roman sunday stroll. a stylish canine seems the perfect accessory among the ancient alleys. what conflicts, what epic political struggles have these streets seen? history round every corner. then spot 15 of the most powerful leaders in the world taking in the sights. a coin in the famous fountain to guarantee a wish, but it might take more than tradition to stop the uk and france pulling away. applause. 0thers watch on as the two allies are stuck in a spat over fishing rights in channel waters. even borisjohnson wanted italy to inspire progress ahead of the cop climate meeting getting under way at home. there are no compelling excuses for our procrastination. not only have we acknowledged the problem, we're already seeing first—hand the devastation climate change causes. the science is clear — that we need to act now. what chance do you really think you really have of making progress with 200 countries in glasgow when you haven't made enough progress with 20 countries here, and you don't seem able to sort out the question of a few dozen fishing permits with one of your closest allies, with the french? i think that the chances of progress in glasgow are exactly as i've said, laura. i think they depend on the will, the courage, the leadership of everybody in the room. 0n fish, i've got to tell you the position is unchanged. i must say, i was puzzled to read a letter from the french prime minister explicitly asking for britain to be punished for leaving the eu. number 10 says it's all up to france to fix and withdraw their threats, but president macron claims it's down to the uk to grant more permits. speaks french. "borisjohnson loves france," he said, "but if "the uk —— "borisjohnson loves france," he said, "but if the uk continues to act like this, there will be retaliation." the irritation on both sides of the channel shows no sign of fading and for boris johnson, a rumbling row with an important ally like france is not exactly helpfuljust when he's trying to achieve a far wider, grander aim — persuading all of his counterparts from right around the world that slowing down the changes to the climate is a non—negotiable whose time has come. it's not easy, though. some countries don't want to move as fast. the russians questioning the uk ambition for countries to absorb as much carbon as they emit by 2050. why do you believe 2050 is some magic figure? i want an answer because you're asking the question, being convinced that 2050 is non—negotiable. but the prime minister has regal backing and, for the heir to the throne, it's been a moment long in the making. now, after i suppose very nearly 50 years of trying to raise awareness of the growing climate and environmental crisis, i'm at last sensing a change in attitudes. listen, when cop26 begins in glasgow tomorrow, quite literally, it is the last chance saloon. woman speaks italian. as the diplomatic caravan moves from rome's streets to scottish streets, borisjohnson still has a lot of arm twisting to do. italian reporter: do you like roma? - borisjohnson: love rome, love rome. hope may spring eternal, reality does not. laura kuenssberg, bbc news, rome. some of the day's other news now. nine firefighters training inside a cave in brazil have died after the roof collapsed. the firefighters were part of a larger group of almost 30 taking part in the exercise. emergency services worked for several hours to find those missing inside the remote cave in sao paulo state. the site is not accessible to vehicles or heavy machinery. police injapan are investigating a knife and arson attack on a tokyo underground train. 17 people were reported to have been injured, one of them critically, in the attack by a man dressed as thejoker from the batman films. a 24—year—old suspect was arrested at the scene. the prime minister of north macedonia has resigned after the party lost the second round of mayoral elections including the capital. he said he took responsibility for the losses. he social democratic party heads the country's governing coalition and by law, coalition itself can agree on another candidate for prime minister without a further election. the white house press secretary jen psaki has tested positive for covid—19. she has been in quarantine since wednesday after a member of her household tested positive. she decided not to accompany mr biden to the g20 and climate summit in rome and glasgow as a result. 17 people have been taken to hospital after two trains collided in the south of england. the crash happened after one of the trains hit an object in a tunnel near the city of salisbury, causing part of it to come off the tracks. officials have declared a major incident. andy cole is dorset and wiltshire�*s assistant chief fire officer. firefighters have carried out a thorough search of the train carriages and we've assisted with the evacuation of approximately 100 people. we do not believe there are any further casualties on board the train and we can confirm that there are no fatalities. we'll shortly be scaling down our response. however, we will have resources on scene for the next few hours. stay with us. coming up: the day of the dead parade is back in mexico after a year off due to the pandemic. the israeli prime minister, yitzhak rabin, the architect of the middle east peace process, has been assassinated. a 27—year—old jewish man has been arrested and an extremistjewish organisation has claimed responsibility for the killing. at polling booths throughout the country, they voted on a historic day for australia. as the results came in, it was clear — the monarchy would survive. of the american hostages, there was no sign — - they are being held somewhere inside the compound — - and student leaders have threatened that, should i the americans attempt. rescue, they will all die. this mission has surpassed all expectations. voyager one is now the most distant man—made object anywhere in the universe, and itjust seems to keep on going. tonight, we prove once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals. you're watching bbc news with me, david eades. our main story this hour: world leaders meeting at the cop26 climate change summit in glasgow are under pressure to take urgent action to prevent catastrophic warming of the planet. earlier, leaders of the world's richest nations meeting in rome fell short of setting specific net zero targets. libya is the main hub for refugees and thousands were detained at the beginning of the month and a crackdown by the month and a crackdown by the libyan authorities but detention centres are dangerously overcrowded. migrants live in appalling conditions there and after a recent mass breakout guards shot dead six people. i should warn you, this report does contain some distressing images. consigned to the cold hard ground. many who dream of reaching europe. some stir awake among the piles of rubbish, discarded as they seem to be. time to face another day of hunger and worry. they fled care in terror. guards opening fire during this mass escape from a packed detention centre. within minutes six migrants lay dead. , dead. maybe i will live, may i will die. living _ dead. maybe i will live, may i will die. living and _ dead. maybe i will live, may i will die. living and there - dead. maybe i will live, may i will die. living and there is i will die. living and there is dying, escaping from shooting is diane. all is the same. receipt is between life and death after a month on the streets. he is from war—torn darfur. he is disabled and getting sicker by the day. they are camped out on the doorstep of the united nations, outside a community centre run by the un refugee agency, an obvious place to look for support. we have peeple _ place to look for support. - have people outside the un office needing help but until today we haven't got any response. today we haven't got any response-_ today we haven't got any response. no help at all? no hel at response. no help at all? no help at all- — response. no help at all? no help at all. no _ response. no help at all? no help at all. no help, - response. no help at all? no help at all. no help, no - help at all. no help, no medical assistance, help at all. no help, no medicalassistance, no help at all. no help, no medical assistance, no even good water to drink, so we are struggling. good water to drink, so we are struggling-— good water to drink, so we are struggling. the messages here are so clear. _ struggling. the messages here are so clear. we _ struggling. the messages here are so clear. we need - struggling. the messages here are so clear. we need help, i struggling. the messages here| are so clear. we need help, we need evacuation, get us out of libya. people here say they feel they have been abandoned by the united nations and by the world. they tell us they have been left to fend for themselves, trying to survive on the streets. this looks very, very bad for the unhcr. these people are on your doorstep and on the street. it looks very bad and it is very bad for them, so it is important for us to continue new to make assistance available to them. we have provided emergency cash to many of them, food parcels to many of them, food parcels to many of them, food parcels to many of them, not in front of the cdc because it is not a safe place, that has to be understood. that is why we have provided other direct assistance and other locations where we can control access and security for these refugees. there was no security for abdullah who is from sedan and has burns on most of his body. he is now being cared for in hospital in tripoli. he was held by smugglers and libya when they couldn't pay what he demanded they doused him in petrol and set him alight. —— when he couldn't pay what they demanded. many are drawn here with the hope of crossing the mediterranean to a better life but there is suffering and danger long before they reach the sea. now, after imposing some of the strictest border controls in the world, australia is opening up to international travel. fully vaccinated citizens will no longer need permission to leave. our correspondent shaimaa khalil is at sydney airport. it's been a very emotional day here at sydney airport, i'm here at one of the arrival gates and we're just looking at families now arriving. this is one of the flights, people are just making their way back. welcome back! how do you feel? pretty good, good to be home. "pretty good, good to be home". some have said that after waiting for such a long time, it doesn't seem to feel real. people have arrived here to embraces, to cheers and of course, tearful reunions. fully vaccinated australians and australian residents have now been able to come home from overseas, quarantine free for the first time in nearly two years. one of the lucky ones who actually got permission to go, but because my mother died over 1.5 years ago, it was taking that long to get out of the country to sort out her affairs. very emotional at the moment, it's good to be home and it's been very tough not to be able to get a plane whenever you want to see your family. you know, if something happens to them, you can't easily make it home or if something was to happen to me, i'd have no—one over there in the uk to support me, so... just relief, so much relief. i have a small 10—year—old son, and just the thought of having l to quarantine, the three of us in a hotel for two weeks, - is a nightmare. we were willing to do it, but, yeah, it'sjust amazing. - many have been overcome with emotion while some have stopped to talk to us telling us how happy they were, many actually were actually lost for words. i was speaking to a woman and i looked at her and said, "how does it feel to be finally back home after all these months," and she just looked at me with tears in her eyes and said, "there are no words." this has been a huge day here at sydney airport, another very big day in melbourne because new south wales and victoria have been the two states — and the act, the three states to open up. it's still going to be a longer wait for millions of others as other states and territories have yet to open. it will be a longer wait for people but here, people are still quite happy that they're able to come home, able to travel overseas and not have to worry about quarantine. shaimaa khalil there. thailand is dropping nearly all quarantine restrictions as it tries to revive its tourism industry are mandatory to weak quarantine period was imposed 18 months ago but the number of foreign visitors who reach nearly 110,000,002 years ago has fallen tojust about nearly 110,000,002 years ago has fallen to just about 70,000 this year. millions ofjobs in thailand's tourism sector have been lost while arrivals from countries considered low risk will now be able to travel freely in the country after a single night of quarantine where they will be tested for the coronavirus. now sunday marks the beginning of a two day holiday observed in catholic communities around the world, it's called the day of the dead, celebration of the lives of the departed. well, in mexico city, where the roots of the tradition run deep, elaborate altars have gone up all over town, as suzanne kanipour reports. dia de los muertos — the day of the dead. a mexican tradition marked by two days of celebrating departed loved ones with joy. the pandemic has brought a heightened meaning to this holiday. if you put it in the context of all the deaths that happened, it means even more, right, because it gives people even more comfort in terms of how you can commemorate someone that maybe passed away due to the virus. so overall i really enjoy it, i think it's very colourful, because you're commemorating death, but at the same time you're celebrating life. it's believed in catholic communities around the world that for the first two days of november the souls of the dead return to the land of the living and reunite with family. the celebration is marked by food, drink, offerings, altars, and marigolds. the aztecs believed the ancestors follow the scent to find their way back. # what colour is the sky, mi amor, mi amor? the traditions were even brought to the big screen in recent years, in the animated film coco. this year, 16 altars have gone up in the centre of mexico city — a welcome scene of levity in the capital of a country that's lost nearly 300,000 people to covid—19. translation: after all that we've lived through - and the people who have passed away, we now see a boom after being locked up. these exhibits of mexican culture bring joy to the city. in a world where masks are now the new norm, in mexico city, they're much more pretty. suzanne kianpour, bbc news. we've got more on that on the website as we have of course on the cop26 and the summit in glasgow. thanks for watching bbc news. morning. a change of month brings with it a change of the weather. we'll start the week with sunny spells and scattered showers. by the middle part of the week, it gets noticeably quieter, cooler for all of us, and some frost and fog overnight, so plenty to pack in there. so on that monday morning, then, it looks somewhat like this — with low pressure easing away, and as we go through the week, high pressure will build in which will quieten things down. but ahead of it, we can trace those isobars all the way back to the north — and that means a colder wind direction, with that northerly wind and driving the blue tones, the cooler air, a little bit further south, you really will notice the difference with the feel of the weather if you are out and about this week. so sunny spells and blustery showers from the word go, most of the showers to the north but some will push further south as we go into the afternoon, and it looks as if those temperatures will peak between 9—11; celsius. now the showers will tend to fade away as we move through the night, and we will have some clear skies, perhaps a few frequent showers continuing into the far north of scotland. but where skies clear away, temperatures will fall away and we could see low single figures to greet us first thing on tuesday morning, and that gives us the potential for some frost to form, and maybe some patchy fog. so first thing on tuesday morning, it'll be a bit of a chilly start, lots of sunshine, some showers around, most frequent ones along the exposed north coasts of scotland and northern ireland, and some running down through the irish sea. temperatures are likely to struggle, though — top temperatures of 11—12 celsius. now, as we move out of tuesday into wednesday, still the risk of some showers, but as the high desperately tries to squeeze in along the west, but again, we are likely to see sunny spells and scattered showers as we go through the day on wednesday. it will be quite a cool feel to the day with those temperatures really struggling — in some areas not getting into double figures by the middle part of the afternoon, so a top temperature of 7—11 celsius. out of wednesday into thursday, the high pressure finally builds in, the winds will ease, we will see a good deal of quiet weather — that will kill off the showers, so that means on thursday, there is a greater chance of seeing more in the way of sunshine, but as you can see those temperatures are still set to struggle even for this time of year. you're watching bbc news. these are the headlines: the cop26 climate summit has opened in glasgow as the un published a scientific report saying the planet is entering uncharted territory because of record concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, while extreme weather conditions have become the new normal. earlier, leaders of the world's richest nations in rome fell short of setting specific targets for reducing carbon emissions to net zero. the british prime minister borisjohnson warned that the pledges made by heads of state at the event were inadequate. australia has allowed the resumption of international air travel without the need for quarantine — for the first time in more than 18 months. airports in sydney and melbourne are allowing fully vaccinated passengers to fly again after some of the world's strictest border controls were ended. those are your headlines. now on bbc news, it's time for hardtalk.