due to the pandemic. hello, thanks forjoining us. the warnings have come thick and fast and the long—awaited climate summit in glasgow was seen by many of the world's leaders as the last best chance to take decisive steps forward to avert a climate catastrophe. world leaders, scientists and advisers are gathering in glasgow for 12 days of negotiation with the aim of a global reduction in carbon emissions to avoid a climate catastrophe. and to enable countries to adapt to rises on the planet. they do so as the world meteorological organization has published its annual global climate report, stating that the past seven years have been the hottest on record. our science correspondent rebecca morelle has more a gloomy start to proceedings in glasgow, but there are high hopes for a sunnier outcome. in a socially distanced conference centre, a reminder we're still in a time of covid, as alok sharma formally takes the reins for what some say is the last chance to save the planet. floods, cyclones, wildfires, record temperatures — we know that our shared planet is changing for the worse. and we can only address that together through this international system. sirens wail. the world meteorological organization warned today that these extremes are the new normal. but it's developing countries who are suffering the most, and they say the onus should be on richer nations. malawi, like many countries that are developing, have been at the receiving end of climate change issues, pretty much brought by those developed nations who continue to emit so much carbon. central to these talks is a vital number — 1.5 degrees. if temperatures go above this, we move into dangerous territory. the world, though, is already 1.1 degrees above pre—industrial levels, and we are seeing the impacts of that right now. but even if every country does what it's promising, we're on course for 2.7 degrees by the end of the century. activists are demanding more action now, led by greta thunberg — mobbed as she arrived in glasgow — but she says there's still hope. if we can't keep the global average temperature rise to below1.5, then we do 1.6, then 1.7 and so on. we can always prevent things from getting worse. it's never too late to do as much as we can. as the meeting gets under way, protesters say the time to tackle climate change is now. but after nearly three decades of talks, there are questions over how much can be achieved. with world leaders soon to arrive, all eyes will be on whether cop26 will succeed. rebecca morelle, bbc news, glasgow. we can speak now to a climate scientist at national microphone of the publicjet propulsion laboratory. thank you very much forjoining us. we are embarking on 12 days of no doubt very difficult negotiation to achieve something up the end of it and it will be a compromise of sorts. what chance of it being much cop?— sorts. what chance of it being much cop? first i should say i am speaking _ much cop? first i should say i am speaking on _ much cop? first i should say i am speaking on behalf - much cop? first i should say i am speaking on behalf and - much cop? first i should say i am speaking on behalf and as| am speaking on behalf and as well to answer your question, this is the 26th conference and i think we have had a real wake—up call this summer so this is a little bit different than the previous 25 meetings because i think the world, i mean, the earth is giving us very, very clear warnings that we are definitely in an emergency run out and it's getting harder and harderfor getting harder and harder for anyone getting harder and harderfor anyone to deny that. but that being said, it is a huge challenge and honestly, i will be very surprised if something extremely meaningful comes out of this. ~ . ., ., extremely meaningful comes out ofthis. ~ . ., ., ., extremely meaningful comes out ofthis. . ., ., ., ., of this. we have heard a lot of discussion _ of this. we have heard a lot of discussion though, _ of this. we have heard a lot of discussion though, even - of this. we have heard a lot of discussion though, even in - of this. we have heard a lot of| discussion though, even in the past few weeks and months, about the need to move from simple commitments to, really, being seen to be doing the job as well and there seems to be pressure on many of the countries there to do that. what you see this as a — are we transitioning towards that far more definite action phase rather than just promises? well, unfortunately, iwould say that world leaders across the world are still expanding the world are still expanding the fossil fuel industry. about three quarters of the climate emergency is from burning fossil fuels. emergency is from burning fossilfuels. so really, the only, the litmus test for meaningful action is if world leaders come up with plans to very rapidly move away from fossil fuels.— very rapidly move away from fossil fuels. ,, ,, ~ ~ ., fossil fuels. crosstalk. we are seeinu fossil fuels. crosstalk. we are seeing that. _ fossil fuels. crosstalk. we are seeing that, aren't _ fossil fuels. crosstalk. we are seeing that, aren't we? - fossil fuels. crosstalk. we are seeing that, aren't we? they - seeing that, aren't we? they are getting close to agreeing to give up on coal altogether and actually renewable energy is proving cheaper anyway. there is a huge sort of divestments away from oil and gas at the moment. i mean, those are positive signs. positive signs yes but then there is still discussion about net zero by 2050 which i think we will find over the next ten years probably is not fast enough. i'm actually frankly very concerned that 1.5 degrees celsius of global heating is going to be far more dangerous than we think right now. i think this recent summer is a wake—up call to that effect. i'm really shocked the client signs security shocked at the client by default climate science community. indie client by default climate science community. we thought that 1.5 would _ science community. we thought that 1.5 would be _ science community. we thought that 1.5 would be ok _ science community. we thought that 1.5 would be ok and - science community. we thought that 1.5 would be ok and would| that 1.5 would be ok and would do very well to get there. that's right, and you know, it may not be! so i think things are moving faster in terms of sea level rise, in terms of massive human heatwave that are in terms the flooding we've been seeing across north america, across europe and china this summer. claimant famine emerging in madagascar. it is here now before climate famine. there are tipping points coming. they are in the future but we do not know when they are and when they will hit us but we know every day in action takes us closer to them. what do you think then, given you have a certain scepticism about the ability of political leaders to make the necessary steps at this stage, what will it take? is that the greta thunberg route, is that millions upon millions getting out and saying you have to do it? i out and saying you have to do it? 4' out and saying you have to do it? ~ _, out and saying you have to do it? ~ ,., 4' it? i think so. i think we need 1 billion climate _ it? i think so. i think we need 1 billion climate activists - it? i think so. i think we need 1 billion climate activists and| 1 billion climate activists and one interesting thing about this climate emergency is that it is driven by physics. every year it is going to get worse. up year it is going to get worse. up until the point that we stop burning fossil fuels completely. so the movement is going to be driven by physics. i think it is the first protest movement that's ever been given by physics and you cannot negotiate with physics i think more and more people are going to wake up around the world and i think we will get those billion climate activists, which will really pressure world leaders to take meaningful action, which means ramping down the fossil fuel industry quite quickly. according to a plan, an annual plan, not some distant 2050 goal so i do have optimism that we will get there fairly quick. i think the social tipping point can happen quickly to. optimism is a good thing to hear because it's a difficult time, isn't it, but what would be your expectation over the next five years, for example, in terms of the number of wildfires, the amount of flooding, the sorts of things we have started to see almost on a daily basis now.— on a daily basis now. yes, so i'm on a daily basis now. yes, so i'm quite _ on a daily basis now. yes, so i'm quite confident _ on a daily basis now. yes, so i'm quite confident that - i'm quite confident that everything we've seen this summer and previous summers is going to get worse. probably even noticeably worse over the next five years. another thing that sort of keeps me up at night is the unknown unknowns. the headstone was not something in the pacific north—west this summer was not something that was on our bingo card that all —— heat dome. i worry about what else is going to surprise us even over the next five years. us even over the next five ears. ., ~' us even over the next five ears. ., ~ , ., years. thank you indeed peter colman is- _ years. thank you indeed peter colman is. thank— years. thank you indeed peter colman is. thank you. - well, there's a flavour of the challenges but already, we've had a taste of the problems as well because the world's richest nations, the g20, have been gathering in rome and the leaders there were accused of failing to make the commitments needed. the british prime minister borisjohnson admitted the pledges there were too vague and not enough. the un secretary general said the time for diplomatic niceties was over. the un secretary general said the time for diplomatic niceties was over. he called the glasgow summit "the last hope". our political editor laura kuenssberg reports on events in rome. a roman sunday stroll. a stylish canine seems the perfect accessory among the ancient alleys. what conflicts, what epic political struggles have these streets seen? history round every corner. then spot 15 of the most powerful leaders in the world taking in the sights. a coin in the famous fountain to guarantee a wish, but it might take more than tradition to stop the uk and france pulling away. applause. others watch on as the two allies are stuck in a spat over fishing rights in channel waters. even borisjohnson wanted italy to inspire progress ahead of the cop climate meeting getting under way at home. there are no compelling excuses for our procrastination. not only have we acknowledged the problem, we're already seeing first—hand the devastation climate change causes. the science is clear — that we need to act now. what chance do you really think you really have of making progress with 200 countries in glasgow when you haven't made enough progress with 20 countries here, and you don't seem able to sort out the question of a few dozen fishing permits with one of your closest allies, with the french? i think that the chances of progress in glasgow are exactly as i've said, laura. i think they depend on the will, the courage, the leadership of everybody in the room. on fish, i've got to tell you the position is unchanged. i must say, i was puzzled to read a letter from the french prime minister explicitly asking for britain to be punished for leaving the eu. number 10 says it's all up to france to fix and withdraw their threats, but president macron claims it's down to the uk to grant more permits. speaks french. "boris johnson loves france," he said, "but if the uk continues to act like this, there will be retaliation." the irritation on both sides of the channel shows no sign of fading and for boris johnson, a rumbling row with an important ally like france is not exactly helpfuljust when he's trying to achieve a far wider, grander aim — persuading all of his counterparts from right around the world that slowing down the changes to the climate is a non—negotiable whose time has come. it's not easy, though. some countries don't want to move as fast. the russians questioning the uk ambition for countries to absorb as much carbon as they emit by 2050. why do you believe 2050 is some magic figure? i want an answer because you're asking the question, being convinced that 2050 is non—negotiable. but the prime minister has regal backing and, for the heir to the throne, it's been a moment long in the making. now, after i suppose very nearly 50 years of trying to raise awareness of the growing climate and environmental crisis, i'm at last sensing a change in attitudes. listen, when cop26 begins in glasgow tomorrow, quite literally, it is the last chance saloon. woman speaks italian. as the diplomatic caravan moves from rome's streets to scottish streets, borisjohnson still has a lot of arm twisting to do. italian reporter: do you like roma? - borisjohnson: love rome, love rome. hope may spring eternal, reality does not. laura kuenssberg, bbc news, rome. some very big days and to —— decisions coming up and we have a lot more coverage for you from the climate change coverage on the website and there is a look behind the scenes as well as to how they are putting all of this together. bbc.com/news or, of course, download the bbc news app. some of the day's other news now. nine firefighters training inside a cave in brazil have died after the roof collapsed. the firefighters were part of a larger group of almost 30 taking part in the exercise. emergency services worked for several hours to find those missing inside the remote cave in sao paulo state. the site is not accessible to vehicles or heavy machinery. police injapan are investigating a knife and arson attack on a tokyo underground train. 17 people were reported to have been injured, uncritically, in the attack by a man dressed as thejoker from batman films. a21; —year—olds suspect arrested at the scene. the white house press secretary jen psaki has tested positive for covid—19. she has been in quarantine since wednesday after a member of her household tested positive. she decided not to accompany mr biden to the 620 not to accompany mr biden to the g20 and climate summit in rome and glasgow as a result. 17 people have been taken to hospital after two trains collided in the south of england. the crash happened after one of the trains hit an object in a tunnel near the city of salisbury, causing part of it to come off the tracks. officials have declared a major incident. andy cole is dorset and wiltshire's assistant chief fire officer. firefighters have carried out a thorough search of the train carriages and we've assisted with the evacuation of approximately 100 people. we do not believe there are any further casualties on both the train and we can confirm that there are no fatalities. we'll shortly be scaling down our response. however, we will have resources on scene for the next few hours. you're watching bbc news. stay with us. coming up: the day of the dead parade is backin the day of the dead parade is back in mexico after a year off due to the pandemic. the israeli prime minister, yitzhak rabin, the architect of the middle east peace process, has been assassinated. a 27—year—old jewish man has been arrested and an extremistjewish organisation has claimed responsibility for the killing. at polling booths throughout the country, they voted on a historic day for australia. as the results came in, it was clear — the monarchy would survive. of the american hostages, there was no sign — - they are being held somewhere inside the compound — - and student leaders have threatened that, should i the americans attempt. rescue, they will all die. this mission has surpassed all expectations. voyager one is now the most distant man—made object anywhere in the universe, and itjust seems to keep on going. tonight, we prove once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals. you're watching bbc news with me, david eades. our main headlines this hour: world leaders meeting at the cop26 climate change summit in glasgow are under pressure to take urgent action to prevent urgent warming of the planet. according to an investigation by the washington post, the fbi and other key law enforcement agencies failed to act ahead of the january six storming of the capital. the paper says the fbi had been warned in december that donald trump supporters were discussing on line how to sneak guns into the capitol and arrest members of congress. devlin barrett, one of the washing post reporters worked on that investigation. well, two things happened. the fbi got a lot of tips about this. and that's part of what our reporting shows, as early as december 20, there were very specific warnings the fbi is recording but even after they get that warning, they close the case within 2a hours. and what our reporting showed is the two things are happening inside the fbi that make them not believe in this threat. one is that they decide a lot of this is aspirational talk, they don't really mean it, they don't have concrete plans to do anything. and the other is that the capitol police aren't aren't prepared in a security sense to defend their building in a meaningful way against an angry crowd. in which case this raises this question — it could be naivete or incompetence or complacency, or conspiracy. where do you come down on that? what a number of official said to us in different ways was that they had a failure of belief, they did not believe ultimately that a bunch of middle—aged white, largely law—abiding people would suddenly come together and beat cops, attack cops and strike cops and they reallyjust failed to comprehend the scale of the desperation in that crowd and among those trump supporters. and it was quite unbelievable in terms of what emerged. we can talk about lessons learned, i don't know if it's too early for that in a way, but do you get a feeling, a sense from the reporting you've done, and you've been reporting on the fbi for a long time, i know, that lessons are being learned? i do, and there are a couple of key points, anytime you have concerns around a big event, it's important for public officials to lay down markers about what is and isn't acceptable. leading up to january six, public officials were quite quiet because they were trying to avoid a con ——a confontation. and two, that day, people weren't really making arrests of individuals, even after they hit instruct officers. that's very rare in an american protest and i think over time, the crowd took from that the lesson that they could do whatever they wanted. and you believes that would not happen again? i don't believe that would happen again. i think these have been very painful lessons, i thinkjanuary six will be with us for a long time and i don't think law enforcement would behave that way again. thank you very much indeed. devlin barrett of the washington post. now, after imposing some of the strictest border controls in the world, australia is opening up to international travel. fully vaccinated citizens will no longer need permission to leave. our correspondent shaimaa khalil is at sydney airport. it's been a very emotional day here at sydney airport, i'm here at one of the arrival gates and we're just looking at families now arriving. this is one of the flights, people are just making their way back. welcome back! how do you feel? pretty good, good to be home. "pretty good, good to be home". some have said that after waiting for such a long time, it doesn't seem to feel real. people have arrived here to embraces, to cheers and of course, tearful reunions. fully vaccinated australians and australian residents have now been able to come home from overseas, quarantine free for the first time in nearly two years. one of the lucky ones who actually got permission to go, but because my mother died over 1.5 years ago, it was taking that long to get out of the country to sort out her affairs. very emotional at the moment, it's good to be home and it's been very tough not to be able to get a plane whenever you want to see your family. you know, if something happens to them, you can't easily make it home or if something was to happen to me, i'd have no—one over there in the uk to support me. just relief, so much relief. i have a small 10—year—old son, and just the thought of having l to quarantine, the three of us in a hotel for two weeks, - is a nightmare. we were willing to do it, but it'sjust amazing. - many have been overcome with emotion while some have stopped to talk to us telling us how happy they were, many actually were actually lost for words. i was speaking to a woman and i looked at her and said, "how does it feel to be finally back home after all these months," and she just looked at me with tears in her eyes and said, "there are no words." this has been a huge day here at sydney airport, another very big day in melbourne because new south wales and victoria have been the two states — and the act, the three states to open up. it's still going to be a longer wait for millions of others as other states and territories have yet to open. it will be a longer wait for people but here, people are still quite happy that they're able to come home, able to travel overseas and not have to worry about quarantine. shaimaa khalil there. the publishers of the oxford visionary have chosen the word vax. the english word of vaccine was the original but the word vax has gone up this year. and words vaxxed, anti—vaxxer. now sunday marks the beginning of a two day holiday observed in catholic communities around the world, it's called the day of the dead, celebration of the lives of the departed. well, in mexico city, where the roots of the tradition run deep, elaborate altars have gone up all over town, as suzanne kanipour reports. dia de los muertos — the day of the dead. a mexican tradition marked by two days of celebrating departed loved ones with joy. departed loved ones with joy. the pandemic has brought a heightened meaning to this holiday. if you put it in the context of covid and the context of all the deaths that happened, it means even more, right, because it gives people even more comfort in terms of how you can commemorate someone that maybe passed away due to the virus. so overall i really enjoy it, i think it's very colourful, because you're commemorating death, but at the same time you're celebrating life. it's believed in catholic communities around the world that for the first two days of november, the souls of the dead return to the land of the living and reunite with family. the celebration is marked by food, drink, offerings, altars, and marigolds. the aztecs believed the ancestors follow the scent to find their way back. # what colour is the sky, mi amor, mi amor? the traditions were even brought to the big screen in recent years, in the animated film coco. not bad for a dead guy! not so bad yourself! this year, 16 altars have gone up in the centre of mexico city — a welcome scene of levity in the capital of a country that's lost nearly 300,000 people to covid—19. translation: after all that we've lived through - and the people who have passed away, we now see a boom after being locked up. these exhibits of mexican culture bring joy to the city. in a world where masks are now the new norm, in mexico city, they're much more pretty. suzanne kianpour, bbc news. we have some more pretty pictures here. it is the capital of iceland, reykjavik,, capital of iceland, reykjavik, , the capital of iceland, reykjavik,, the aurora borealis, just in time for halloween. the aurora borealis, “ust in time for halloween._ the aurora borealis, “ust in time for halloween. green is the colour— time for halloween. green is the colour of _ time for halloween. green is the colour of the _ time for halloween. green is the colour of the moment. . time for halloween. green is - the colour of the moment. don't forget the cop26 taking place in glasgow. there it is, that is glasgow for you. and we will be seeing a lot of that over the course of the next 12 days as leaders seek further solutions to the climate crisis facing us all. goodbye for now. morning. a change of month brings with it a change of the weather. we'll start the week with sunny spells and scattered showers. by the middle part of the week, it gets noticeably quieter, cooler for all of us, and some frost and fog overnight, so plenty to pack in there. so on monday morning, then, it looks somewhat like this — with low pressure easing away, and as we go through the week, high pressure will build in which quietens things down. but ahead of it, we can trace those isobars all the way back to the north — and that means a colder wind direction, with that northerly wind driving the blue tones, the cooler air, a little bit further south, you really will notice the difference with the feel of the weather if you are out and about this week. so sunny spells and blustery showers from the word go, most of the showers to the north but some will push further south as we go into the afternoon, and it looks as if those temperatures will peak between 9—11; celsius. now the showers will tend to fade away as we move through the night, and we will have some clear skies, perhaps a few frequent showers continuing into the far north of scotland. but where skies clear away, temperatures will fall away and we could see low single figures to greet us first thing on tuesday morning, and that gives us the potential for some frost to form, and maybe some patchy fog. so first thing on tuesday morning, it'll be a bit of a chilly start, lots of sunshine, some showers around, most frequent ones along the exposed north coasts of scotland and northern ireland, and some running down through the irish sea. temperatures are likely to struggle, though — top temperatures of 11—12 celsius. now, as we move out of tuesday into wednesday, still the risk of some showers, but as the high desperately tries to squeeze in along the west, but again, we are likely to see sunny spells and scattered showers as we go through the day on wednesday. it will be quite a cool feel to the day with those temperatures really struggling — in some areas not getting into double figures by the middle part of the afternoon, so a top temperature of 7—11 celsius. out of wednesday into thursday, the high pressure finally builds in, the winds will ease, we will see a good deal of quiet weather — that will kill off the showers, so that means on thursday, there is a greater chance of seeing more in the way of sunshine, but as you can see those temperatures are still set to struggle even for this time of year. you're watching bbc news. these are the headlines: the cop26 climate summit has opened in glasgow as the un published a scientific report saying the planet is entering uncharted territory because of record concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, while extreme weather conditions have become the new normal. earlier, leaders of the world's richest nations in rome fell short of setting specific targets for reducing carbon emissions to net zero. the british prime minister borisjohnson warned that the pledges made by heads of state at the event were inadequate. australia has allowed the resumption of international air travel without the need for quarantine — for the first time in more than 18 months. airports in sydney and melbourne are allowing fully vaccinated passengers to fly again after some of the world's strictest border controls were ended. now, it's time for dateline london.