glasgow hours before the cop26 6lasgow hours before the cop26 conference. welcome to the programme. they have been discussions in rome aware world leaders of the 620 summit have agreed to tax the profits of multi— national companies by 50%. 215. they also discussed climate change, covered vaccines and concerns about iran's nuclear programme. this report from roma. good to go. and with that thumbs up from the american president the biggest gathering of world leaders since covid arrived could get under way. and everyone is relearning social etiquette. to mask or not to mask. unmask. to shake hands or not. shake. and with everyone back in the same room, the host, the italian prime minister, made a tentative call to order. i think we can start. and after so long apart, he urged a renewed commitment to working together. multilateralism is the best answer to the problems we face today. in many ways, it's the only possible answer. from the pandemic to climate change, to fair and equitable taxation, going alone is simply not an option. the great set piece of these occasions is the family photo, but then something unexpected happened, the men in white coats arrived. no, not to take them away, but to underline the role that first responders have played since the pandemic took hold, and how to speed up vaccine distribution to the poorest nations. there is also mounting concern about iran's nuclear programme. the leaders of the us, france, germany, and britain released a joint statement expressing grave and growing concern. but boris johnson's most immediate concern is next week's climate change conference in scotland. here, he is shaking hands, but also trying to twist arms. the draft communique that's been agreed talks about the urgent need to keep global warming to 1.5 celsius. but for all the words in this draft communique, and there are a lot of them, it's very short on detailed commitments or concrete measures to limit carbon emissions. borisjohnson is going to have his work cut out in glasgow next week. and the pressure is growing. in 6lasgow they were on the streets today demanding action, and in rome, too. the world is going to be watching. john sopel, bbc news, rome. earlier on i spoke to the iran security expert from earlier on i spoke to the iran security expert from the foundation for the defence of democracy is to discuss this pressure on iran to renegotiate their nuclear deal. i asked whether he thought everyone was ready to discuss the agreement. —— iran. they did so there will be joining nuclear discussions in a bid to resurrect their 2015 nuclear deal known as the jcpoa, howeverthe nuclear deal known as the jcpoa, however the hard—line jcpoa, however the ha rd—line administration jcpoa, however the hard—line administration of ebrahim raisi, they have been radically escalating their nuclear programme, building on a leverage inherited from the outgoing rani government, and is likely not to be looking to trade those at the nuclear negotiating table. seeing how much of a political desire that the west has head to the programme, i think that iran will be set to extort the international community, as it did in 2013 and 2015. what would a win represent for president ebrahim raisi the? the actual commander—in—chief, that title is taken rather literally inside the islamic republic. it is unclear if he is going to going directly back into that 2015 deal, but it could be trying to bring in more concessions before iran has to concede, or it could be going for a lesser agreement that would pave the way back for iran two, within a few years, ramp up its nuclear programme legally and without sanctions. ., . , programme legally and without sanctions. ., ., ., sanctions. the economics as do most of the _ sanctions. the economics as do most of the heavy _ sanctions. the economics as do most of the heavy lifting. - sanctions. the economics as do most of the heavy lifting. but i most of the heavy lifting. but in the — most of the heavy lifting. but in the medium _ most of the heavy lifting. but in the medium and _ most of the heavy lifting. but in the medium and iran- most of the heavy lifting. but in the medium and iran doesl most of the heavy lifting. but. in the medium and iran does not seem_ in the medium and iran does not seem deterred. _ seem deterred. can— seem deterred. can you - seem deterred. can you make l seem deterred. | can you make to seem deterred. - can you make to be seem deterred. _ can you make to be replaced with something slightly more solid that it is harder to get out of? one of the issues with this approach of trying to resurrect thatjcpoa at all classes at the iran programme isn't the programme of 2015, the same with the iran military capability across middle east. the next deadline is 2023, so there is diminishing utility to spend all of your western political and economic capital on a deal that is already fast expiring and, in my view, fatally flawed. if parties do get around the table, if they are able to come to some agreement, can the president and his hardline administration be trusted to stick to agreed terms? what the ultra hardline administration is playing up is that they certainly don't trust america. what they are trying to do is trying to force america to earn iran's trust, and they are doing this by getting premature sanctions, access to lines of credit, calling for western guarantees. but at the heart of the matter is this regime does not trust america, so ultimately it is looking for more cash, more promises, and in exchange wants to give up less than its predecessor, less than the rouhani government. for the uk forthe uk and for the uk and france, tensions overfishing rights for the uk and france, tensions over fishing rights continues at the 620. borisjohnson has admitted there is turbulence in relations between london and paris. the french are threatening to block some british boats from the ports next week. here is our political editor. 0ld rivalries and fierce fights — rome's coliseum has hosted a few. but it's the uk and france this time both flexing their strength. france threatening to disrupt trade if their boats don't get more access to fish the channel. do you think that france is trying to punish the uk with this row overfishing permits? i think the things that unite france and the uk are far more important than things that divide us, laura, and i must say, we are a bit worried that france may be about to become in breach or is already in breach of trade and cooperation agreement that we struck. president macron is going around questioning your credibility, you have been summoning the french ambassador into the foreign office in london — what are you going to do about it? we are going to get on and do the things that matter to both of us and make sure that we work together on tackling the big issues that face the world. there is some turbulence in the relationship. if one of our partners decides to breach the trade and cooperation agreement that we struck, then obviously that is a matter that we will have to pursue. the prime minister may want to play nice with the french president and their other high—ranking friends, but if macron goes further, that power hug might not last. boris johnson's left tenant, david frost, wrote online that french rhetoric is problematic and warned uk could trigger legal action, a dispute settlement mechanism before too long. the fist bump isn't yet a dramatic punch—up over channel permits. borisjohnson has to use hisjoke — much bigger fish to fry — getting wealthy big countries, india, and especially china, to give up more cash can give up more carbon than they have promised so far. they must give up more cash, more carbon. people are often very conceited about history and about our civilisation. we think that we can be on a remorseless forward march when actually, we can be actively conniving in our own decline and fall. and what we need to do is to ensure that at the cop summit next week, the world leaders come together... are you disappointed with what china has come forward so far? look, they've made progress on overseas financing of coal, that is a good thing. what china, i think, needs to do is find ways of making a more ambitious nationally determine contribution. but they are not going to do that, they have published what they have said they're going to do and it is not enough, is it? you must be disappointed. let's see where we get to. in september, you rated the chances of success in glasgow at six out of ten. what would you say this morning? i would say they are about the same. look at that. borisjohnson hopes he will make history, brokering an agreement to slow down the warming of the planet. it is the metaphor. either cop26 succeeds for the dark ages, that is what i'm saying. but he is trying to corral many dozens of countries. there is certainly no—one emperor that can rule supreme. laura kuenssberg, bbc news, rome. in the middle east, at least six people have been reported to have been killed when there was an explosion in a southern yemen port. it happened in the area of the international airport. it is not yet clear if this was an attack or accident. according to some sources, the blast was caused by a car bomb that others believe the vehicle was carrying flammable products. let's look at the day's other stories. in afghanistan, taliban spokesperson has denied claims the group authorised attack on a wedding that left two people dead and at least ten people wounded. reports from mnangagwa in eastern afghanistan suggest armed men opened fire because they objected to the music being played. jordan has warned it will begin to expel foreign workers who aren't fully vaccinated against covid—19. the interior ministry says the expats have until december to receive the two injections. there are tens of thousands of foreign passport holders in egypt, the philippines, and elsewhere working injordan. russian workers have begun a non—a paid holiday as part of efforts to stem soaring coronavirus infections. the measures taken aback as the government reveals its worst daily covid figures of over 40,000 cases on saturday. russia's has europe's highest fatalities at nearly 450,000 deaths. three people have been killed by security forces in sudan following mass demonstrations. it follows a military coup there earlier this week. hundreds of thousands of people took to the streets demanding the restoration of a civilian led government. 0ur senior african correspondent has this report. thousands of sudanese are on the streets in the capital and other cities. they chanted in praise of the revolution two years ago. protests like these helped bring down then—president 0mar al—bashir after three decades in power. these protesters are back on the streets to protect that revolution, they say. "may freedom live", they sang. freedom from military rule — a strong statement against the monday coup. 0rganisers called it the million—strong march. defiance against military rulers who declared a state of emergency across the country. but these civilians responded by staging protests from even before the coup was confirmed — and against all odds. phone lines are down, even short texts weren't going through. there has been no internet connectivity for days, but they still got people out to demonstrate for democracy. and they have the support of much of the west. the us government said they stand with the protesters. britain and the un urged the security forces to allow protests to proceed peacefully. shops and businesses remained closed, and a nationwide strike by doctors, bankers and teachers is ongoing. two years ago, the protesters braved it all to get democracy. they say they will stay put until they return to the path to democracy, with a civilian government leading it. ann soy, bbc news. this is bbc news. our main headlines. the 620 summit in rome, discussing providing more vaccines to poorer countries and urging iran tojoin talks on the nuclear deal. boris johnson wants the eu that french threats over post brexit fishing licenses are completely unjustified. many leaders attending the 620 will be making their way to glasgow. borisjohnson has 6lasgow. borisjohnson has warranted it marks the moment of truth on climate change and it is a message shared with 6reta thunberg, travelling to glasgow from london and 6lasgow from london and expected to speak at a rally on sunday. let's get more on the importance of cop26 from chris mason. , ,., ., mason. very important diplomatically - mason. very important diplomatically for - mason. very important diplomatically for the l mason. very important i diplomatically for the uk hosting is huge international conference, 120 world leaders expecting 6lasgow arriving tomorrow night, many flying straight from rome, whether 620 summit been. 0ne straight from rome, whether 620 summit been. one of the biggest events uk has ever hosted in the words of number 10 downing st, the prime minister's residence. a big moment, clearly notjust for the clearly not just for the british prime minister but more broadly for the un and world leaders, trying to reach some sort of deal in the next couple of weeks. they have two weeks to do about the real focus for international leaders in the first couple of days, the world leaders summit, starting on monday, with borisjohnson monday, with boris johnson right monday, with borisjohnson right at the heart of that, the prince of wales, the head of the throne and the uk, sir david attenborough, the naturalist, the duke and duchess of cambridge and caldwell and a recorded message from the queen as well and i will attempt in the early days to hammer out some sort of agreement and they already have something, if you go back to the paris agreement — at queen and they may have to sort out some elements of the paris agreement as well while hoping as far as borisjohnson is concerned, to reach something to use the phrase we will hear quite a lot of in the next few days, keep 1.5 alive, that is a slogan we are hearing from borisjohnson and others, the idea of keeping climate change to 1.5 degrees above preindustrial levels and plenty of scientists are saying that already that ship may well have failed but that is clearly that ambition and that phrase is interesting, keep 1.5 alive. it sounds ambitious and there are many who are saying that we cannot gain that and some are saying that could be successful, if no pages are made and they are saying that meeting the target is not likely. meeting the target is not likel . ., , meeting the target is not likel . .,, g. ., likely. people in japan are votin: likely. people in japan are voting in _ likely. people in japan are voting in parliamentary i voting in parliamentary elections, weeks afterjapanese elections, weeks after japanese prime elections, weeks afterjapanese prime minister fumio kishida took office, his liberal democratic party is hoping to hold onto the majority. i had an expert speak to me earlier. people are looking at this election with a bit of trepidation, they are hopeful that all of the covid restrictions have gradually been lifted so they are slightly hopeful about a post— pandemic livestock coming back to them slowly but surely but at the same time, there is a lot of stress and disappointment and frankly quite a great deal of a grievance to the ruling coalition about about how the government, led by first prime minister shinzo abe and then the next prime minister, have handled the response to the pandemic. we have to see. this is one of the most unpredictable elections i have seen, that polling results have continue to change right up until the last minute. it will be very very interesting to see how unaffiliated voters will move. how big of a voting percentage will be and things like that. , ., like that. the liberal democratic - like that. the liberal democratic party - like that. the liberalj democratic party has like that. the liberal - democratic party has basically governed japan since the second world war but as you mentioned, its reputation was damaged by the handling of the pandemic and then the tokyo 0lympics. people lost faith in the party? they have lost confidence in the liberal democratic party and their leader somewhat but there disappointment with them is not at the level where they are willing to give the opposition party a chance. i think what the voters are most likely to do in this election is that the liberal democratic party would definitely lose seats. and that is primarily because of the protest vote from all of those voters, not necessarily because the support vote, active support for the opposition, but it is their way of expressing frustration and unhappiness with the way the government has been handling these things, including the pandemic. these things, including the pandemic— these things, including the andemic. ., ., ., , ., pandemic. what do voters want the to prioritise? _ pandemic. what do voters want the to prioritise? i _ pandemic. what do voters want the to prioritise? i do _ pandemic. what do voters want the to prioritise? i do think- the to prioritise? i do think the to prioritise? i do think they want _ the to prioritise? i do think they want the _ the to prioritise? i do think they want the government | the to prioritise? i do think. they want the government to show clearer steps out of the pandemic. plan b, if you will, in case another pandemic or similar situation comes back. not a very ad hoc response, as the predecessors have shown. and a great part of the economy has very much been hurt by the pandemic and the reduction of the social activities and other things. so how this leadership will pull the country out of the economic inactivity and begin to ride vitalise the economy toward the post pandemic world — as revitalised, that is what the voters want to see and not to mention, the neighbours of japan have been pretty active in terms of resorting to pretty provocative behaviour. they really do want the government to attend to that as well. united arab emirates has become the latest golf state to take action against lebanon. 0n action against lebanon. on friday they wanted the envoy to leave the country and ban all liberties imports. this has been brewing for many months but the latest trigger was comments by the information minister which the people of saudi arabia found in salty and effectively blames the saudis and the uae for the civil war in yemen. they asked him to apologise or resign. that is not been forthcoming and since then, starting with the saudis and three other golf countries including the uae have now expeued including the uae have now expelled the lebanese ambassadors from the capitals and called out there envoys from beirut but the point of this, at the heart of this diplomatic crisis now is that the gulf countries desire to reduce the grip of hezbollah and the sheat militant group, the heavily armed group that dominates lebanon. this comes at a time when they are deep in crisis, the and in the contacts it will be very hard for the lebanese government and prime minister to manoeuvre and they held an emergency cabinet meeting this afternoon — at shi'ite, but no particular outcome from that otherwise the lebanese prime minister saying they want to sort it out. the people of lebanon are suffering a deepening crisis and without power, it felt like any further blow could simply tip the country towards total collapse. experts say the volcano on the canary islands location of the palmer could still keep going for many months. so far, everyone has been protected from the volcano. but there is uncertainty about what will happen next. and even the youngest lives have been shaken. the lava cart these children from their classrooms and now they learn in borrowed space with donated books. translation: we space with donated books. translation:— space with donated books. translation: ~ ., ., translation: we cannot even go outside because _ translation: we cannot even go outside because of— translation: we cannot even go outside because of the _ outside because of the situation and it was very emotional to come back because i really wanted to see them and i really wanted to see them and i did not know how they felt. i went to live with my grandmother, rhodri 6ross says. i thought it would end quickly but the volcano has destroyed houses. it releases a lot of lava, and it destroys trees and my grandfathers house. it is beautiful but it does a lot of damage. also here, eager to learn, after scientists from around the world, leading and studying the eruption. and look how they examine the newest rocks on earth. a live geology less than literally as it sets in stone. this is science on a tectonic scale. these bubbles that were already in the magma gets stretched out.... the story of earth's origins are evolving here and now. the mama evolving here and now. the magma tells _ evolving here and now. the magma tells how _ evolving here and now. tue: magma tells how timescales evolving here and now. he magma tells how timescales are happening, and how it affects the hazard profile. the faster we can get information back to people making decisions, the better informed the decisions will be. . , better informed the decisions will be. ., , ., better informed the decisions willbe. ., ., ., .,., will be. parts of la palma are unrecognisable _ will be. parts of la palma are unrecognisable as _ will be. parts of la palma are unrecognisable as layer- will be. parts of la palma are unrecognisable as layer of. will be. parts of la palma are l unrecognisable as layer of lava mothers and stifles one side of this island. the volcano is relentless. there is the noise, there is the lava and there are there is the lava and there are the earthquakes as well. on one hand, people are learning to live with this but on the other, they are getting tired of it. they are afraid of it. and everyone is asking when will it end? that question comes loudest from the people living like this, forfive weeks now. there are six people in this caravan but no sense of defeat. translation: i defeat. translation: ., ., translation: i feel fortunate because we — translation: i feel fortunate because we got _ translation: i feel fortunate because we got out, _ translation: i feel fortunate because we got out, even - translation: i feel fortunate because we got out, even with the clothes we were wearing. i could take my kids, my animals, we have a caravan, we are not on the streets and we have received a lot of help so why would i not feel fortunate? that resilience runs deep. and every day more people find this eruption�*s impact is impossible to escape. danjohnson, bbc news, la palma. and you can get all of our stories on the bbc news website. 0r download the bbc app website. 0r download the bbc app and you can reach me i am on twitter, i am rich preston, did drop me a note but for me and the team, thank you for watching. 6oodbye. saturday improved to some sunny spells in isolated showers and areas have seen some pretty miserable weather recently including borders and it was better today with quinces and sunshine around. similarstory sunshine around. similar story today. sunshine around. similarstory today. sunday will start wet across areas with significant area of low pressure into the southern flank of batlow and likely to seek our fourth wind and that may act as a friend in some respects and that will push the heavy early rain quickly northwards and it will linger across the far north of scotland but an improvement as we go through the morning and into the afternoon with a frequent cluster of showers. 6usts of wind inland close to 30 mph, but those on the coast up 30 mph, but those on the coast up to 50 mph at times. the weather, 10— 13 degrees in scotland and northern ireland, 14 or 15 further south. moving out of sunday into monday and the start of a new month, the low pressure will drift into scandinavia and the wind direction wall swing north—westerly, a caller source and that will dry the warmer yellow turns back to the continent, the caller ms pushing across the uk meaning temperatures in the first few days of november could be just a little bit underfor this time of year. we start off monday on a chilly note first thing when we have a clear skies and a frequent rash of showers driven along by the brisk north—westerly wind, pushed further south as we go through the afternoon. temperatures just 8— 10 degrees to the north they may be a maximum of 12 or 13 further south. the middle part of the week, that north—westerly flow is likely to stay with us and we see the ridge of high pressure trying to build in from the atlantic, and it is likely to kill off some of the showers but it does mean that we are going to stay on the cool side for this time of year. it also means we could see more on the way of overnight frost and we have not seen much significant frost so far this season but it means that overall things will stay dry and quieter but on the cool side as we go through the week ahead. take care. you hello, good morning, 1:30 am i hope you remember to put your clock back. concerned that multinational companies are rewriting their profits through low tax jurisdictions. measures proposed are due to come into effect in 2023. the prime minister borisjohnson has acknowledged that is what he called turbulence in relations between london and paris. his comments follow a dispute over fishing rights. france has dozens of vessels have been denied licenses they are entitled to, and has threatened to introduce targeted measures against britain in response. and the sydney security forces have fired live rounds and tear gas at large crowds are pro—democracy protesters in the capital khartoum and elsewhere. three people were killed. an activist told the bbc that about 100 people have been injured, 17 by gunfire.