Newcastle united fans celebrate a takeover by a saudi Led Consortium in a deal worth more than 400 million. And after ten novels and praise for his uncompromising work on the effects of colonialism, tanzanias Abdul Razat Gurnah is shocked to win the 2021 Nobel Prize For Literature. You know, Nobel Prize For Literature. You know. These Nobel Prize For Literature. You know, these days Nobel Prize For Literature. Mt, know, these days you get these cold calls, i thought, this is another one of them. And i picked it up and this guy said, hello, you have won the Nobel Prize For Literature. And i said, come on, get out of here hello, a very warm welcome to our viewers on pbs, in america and around the globe. The United States National Security adviser has urged russia not to exploit the Energy Crisis causing gas shortages around europe. Jake sullivan told the bbc that moscow had previously used energy as a political weapon. He warned that doing so now would backfire. We have long been concerned about russia using energy as a tool of coercion and a political weapon. We have seen it happen before and we could see it happen again. That being said, the larger challenge right now is a global challenge, with both oil supplies and gas supplies, and it is a challenge where the supply of these sources of energy are not meeting the glowing a growing demand as economies recover, and our message to the suppliers of both oil and gas is that they need to step up to meet this growing demand so as not to imperil Global Economic recovery, and we are working closely with fellow consumers, including in europe and the united kingdom, to be able to convey that message in stereo. Do you think russia are going to try to exploit this . I do you think russia are going to try to exploit this . To try to exploit this . I think it would be to try to exploit this . I think it would be a to try to exploit this . I think it would be a mistake to try to exploit this . I think it would be a mistake for it would be a mistake for russia to try to exploit this. I think that would ultimately backfire on them, and i believe they should respond to the market demands for increased Energy Supplies to europe. Well, critics of moscow have continued to accuse a rush of artificially inflating the price of gas. The latest comes from ukraine. International Gas Transit Operator says that russias own state owned energy because prom, has reduced the amount of gas it roots through the country. Gazprom. They sayjust the country. Gazprom. They say just sent from january to september this year was down by more than 17 compared with the same period in 2020. The ukrainian Operator Iq Structure of creating an artificial gas Supply Bottleneck in order to weaken both it and the eu. Earlier, the charal gazproms Board Of Directors blamed European Countries for not securing guaranteed long term gas prices with them. Translation gas prices with them. Tuna Mom Gas Prices with them. Translation . ,. , translation the fact that gaz rom translation the fact that gazprom has translation the fact that gazprom has been translation the fact that| gazprom has been supplying europe with just for 50 years shows that it is a Reliable Energy supplier. Those countries have been receiving our gas for the last 50 years, they have never had a problem with their gas. Gazprom is a reliable supplier, the most reliable. As far as prices are concerned, you can see that those countries that have long Term Contracts with russia have no problems. Those countries that have decided to reject long Term Contracts and buy gas on the market, theyve got problems. William pomeranz is a russia expert and Deputy Director of the wilson centres canon institute. What do you make of certain� s moves, president putins moves . What is going through his head . What are his aims at what he is doing, do you think . You think . Well, i think he wants to you think . Well, i think he wants to exploit you think . Well, i think he wants to exploit the you think . Well, i think he| wants to exploit the Current Situation as much as possible. At high prices are good for russia. But as your other analyst mentioned, it comes at analyst mentioned, it comes at a cost. The cost is that russia will not be perceived as a Reliable Energy partner if indeed it exploits its new position, after the completion of Nordstream Two, and again becomes the major gas exporter to the European Union. To the European Union. Whether or not it is to the European Union. Whether or not it is seen to the European Union. Whether or not it is seen as to the European Union. Whether or not it is seen as a or not it is seen as a reliable, credible source of energy, how many other options are there . Are there . Well, there arent. That is what are there . Well, there arent. That is what ukraine, are there . Well, there arent. That is what ukraine, the are there . Well, there arent. That is what ukraine, the us i that is what ukraine, the us congress, poland and other countries have asserted, that if you build Nordstream Two, the new gas pipeline, European Union will become much more dependent on russian gas, and russia well, if possible, if given the opportunity, try to exploit that position. So it is an argument that has gone on around the building of Nordstream Two, and just as russia is about to complete this gas pipeline, we now have the question of high prices, and is russia creating an Artificial Scarcity in order to take advantage of the market . The us has not been keen on the Nordstream Two gas pipeline. It has veered from different tactics, from talking about potential sanctions to than trying to woo Western Europe to not go ahead with the pipeline. But what is it offering in terms of supporter alternatives to help if not stream didnt go ahead . Nordstream. That to help if not stream didnt go ahead . Nordstream. That is the issue ahead . Nordstream. That is the issue. The ahead . Nordstream. That is the issue. The us ahead . Nordstream. That is the issue. The us doesnt the issue. The us doesnt really have an alternative supply other than to substitute for russian gas. So therefore, the us was not in a strong position to find an alternative to Nordstream Two. Moreover, we could have imposed sanctions, but that would only hurt our european allies, and most specifically, germany. President biden decided that he wanted to reinforce our traditional alliances, not break them, and therefore i think he agreed to go along with the completion of Nordstream Two is not to impose sanctions. ~. , sanctions. 0k. William pomeranz, sanctions. Ok. William pomeranz, thank sanctions. 0k. William pomeranz, thank you i sanctions. 0k. William i pomeranz, thank you very sanctions. 0k. William pomeranz, thank you very much indeed. Democrats and republicans in the senate have reached a short term deal which allows the government to borrow more money. It is aimed at preventing the us treasury from defaulting on its debts for the first time ever, but the agreement only lasts for two months. So it is only a short term fix. We have reached agreement to extend the debt ceiling through early december and its our hope we can get this done as soon as today. Republican and democratic members and staff negotiated through the night in good faith. The senate is moving towards the plan i laid out yesterday, to spare the American People a manufactured crisis. Iamjoined i am joined now by our correspondence, nomia iqbal, in washington. They have solved the problem for now. In two months time to go through all this all over again . This all over again . Yes, i think so this all over again . Yes, i think so. We this all over again . Yes, i think so. We will this all over again . Yes, i j think so. We will probably this all over again . Yes, i i think so. We will probably be talking about it again. Look, this has taken some time for it to get to this stage, the last couple of hours the Political Drama sort of playing out, Here In Dc Democrats were hoping the republicans would get on board to try to at least get it through the senate, which they have done. They needed at least ten republicans, they got 11 republicans to help the filibuster bit. It was then approved by the senate. It now has to go to the house to be approved, which it will be, because the Democratic Party controls the house, and it will then land on president bidens desk. He will sign it and it will be 480 billion, which will be 480 billion, which will cover spending until december the third. It does avert a huge crisis. I think it is an understatement to even call it that, because america, had it defaulted on its debts, it could have gone into recession. The economy is already in a precarious situation at the moment, americans would have experienced realfinancial hardship, people wouldnt have got paid, Global Markets would have been in turmoil, the Credit Ratings agencies would have downgraded americas standing, it has averted this crisis for now, but as you say, this is going to happen again in a couple of months, because this is only until december three, which means we will be talking about this all over again. Talking about this all over aaain. ,. ,. , ~ talking about this all over auain. ,. ,. , ~ again. Nomia iqbal, thank you very much again. Nomia iqbal, thank you very much for again. Nomia iqbal, thank you very much for that. The un secretary general, Antonio Banderas, has condemned the inequalities in the Global Supply of covid vaccines as immoral and stupid. Supply of covid vaccines as immoraland stupid. Supply of covid vaccines as immoral and stupid. Antonio guterres. The un was 40 of people in all countries to be vaccinated by the end of the year. Vaccinated by the end of the ear. ,. ,. ,. , year. Instead of global coordinated year. Instead of global coordinated action i year. Instead of global coordinated action to | year. Instead of global coordinated action to get co ordinated action to get vaccines where they are needed most, we have seen vaccine hoarding, vaccine nationalism, and vaccine diplomacy. We of course welcome efforts by countries to get vaccines to more places, but the global and regional and bilateral initiatives have failed to deliver. ~ � , initiatives have failed to deliver. ~ � ,. ,~. , deliver. Well, lets speak now to saad omer, deliver. Well, lets speak now to saad omer, director deliver. Well, lets speak now to saad omer, director of deliver. Well, lets speak now to saad omer, director of the| to saad 0mer, director of the Yale Institute for global health. Do you agree with mr taras, but do not achieve that threshold would be both immoral and stupid . I threshold would be both immoral and stupid . And stupid . I think it is an extreme and stupid . I think it is an extreme way and stupid . I think it is an extreme way of and stupid . I think it is an extreme way of phrasing, | and stupid . I think it is an i extreme way of phrasing, but and stupid . I think it is an extreme way of phrasing, but it is a correct way of phrasing what the situation is. The two reasons why Global Equities and everybody� s interest, first of all, History Willjudge us poorly if we let it go on the way it is going on, when low Income Countries have less than 4 Vaccine Coverage in some countries, other countries, has more than 70 vaccine vaccination rates. The other reason is enlightened self interest, meaning that if this pandemic goes on, the chances of new variants go up. So the both of these reasons, it is for moral and self interest, it is important to make sure everybody gets vaccine. ~ ,. , vaccine. Where is the problem . There is no vaccine. Where is the problem . There is no shortage vaccine. Where is the problem . There is no shortage of there is no shortage of vaccines in total Around The World. There are countries which have numbers surplus to their needs, yet they are not getting Development Middle Income Countries. The richer countries not making them available . Is it the organisation of getting them to the right places . Where is the problem . Shill the right places . Where is the roblem . �. ,. , problem . All of the above. So, there is this problem . All of the above. So, there is this vaccine there is this Vaccine Concentration in high Income Countries. There have been promises, and entities have not been delivered on those promises. For example, europe announced a little more than half a billion doses, little more than 500 million doses, and when you look at the actual delivery of those doses to low Income Countries, it is barely more than 7 . So part of it is that there are modest announcements, on top of that, there is a very lukewarm delivery of these vaccines, and thatis delivery of these vaccines, and that is the main issue right now, for low Income Countries where supply is the current issue. On top of that, we need more donations, more Technology Transfer, notjust ip waivers, but proactive and to and Technology Transfer for low and middle Income Countries, so that these vaccines can be closer to where they are needed. Closer to where they are needed closer to where they are needed. ~. ,. ,. , ~ closer to where they are needed. ~. ,. , ~ needed. Who do you think can solve the needed. Who do you think can solve the problem . Needed. Who do you think can solve the problem . I needed. Who do you think can solve the problem . I think needed. Who do you think can i solve the problem . I think that will require solve the problem . I think that will require leadership solve the problem . I think that will require leadership from will require leadership from the us, but the us cannot do it on its own. Its own donations have ramped up, but it has not acted on the Technology Transfer front. Acted on the Technology Transferfront. But it acted on the Technology Transfer front. But it needs europe, it needs china, it needs other countries as well to say, look, it is in everybody� s interests to make this happen. There was an attempt around the Un General Assembly to have the summit, but a single event is not going to get us there. Some of us are actually concerns about the approaching winter in the northern hemisphere, although several countries have increased about vaccination rates, and some protection is bad due to infection spreading in these countries. There is still a lot of tended to start a fire, and enough situation, some of us are a bit nervous that we have let these big gaps in protection persist in large countries out there in the world. Countries out there in the world,. ,. , ~ countries out there in the world. ,. , ~ ,. , world. Saad, thank you very much. World. Saad, thank you very much stay world. Saad, thank you very much. Stay with world. Saad, thank you very much. Stay with us world. Saad, thank you very much. Stay with us on world. Saad, thank you very much. Stay with us on bbc. World. Saad, thank you very much. Stay with us on bbc news. Still to come, how a coat of white paint is helping to come back the effects of Climate Change in one indian neighbourhood. This was a celebration by people who were relishing their freedom. They believe everythings going to be different from now on. They think their country will be respected in the world once more, as it used to be before Slobodan Milosevic took power. The dalai lama, the exiled spiritual leader of tibet, has won this years nobel peace prize. As the parade was reaching its climax, two grenades i exploded and a group Of Soldiersjumped from a Military Truck taking part in a parade i and ran towards the president , firing from kalashnikov automatic rifles. After 437 years, the skeletal ribs of henry viiis tragic warship emerged. But even as divers worked to buoy her up, the mary rose went through another heart stopping drama. I want to be the peoples governor. I want to represent everybody. I believe in the people of california. Hello, im ben. This is bbc news. The latest headlines. United States National security adviser has urged russia not to exploit the Energy Crisis that has caused a shortage of gas across europe. Senate leaders reach a temporary deal to raise the us governments debt ceiling for two months. Heatwaves a re heatwaves are becoming more common in india due to global warming. There is nowhere to hide, especially if you live in a slum. 0ne hide, especially if you live in a slum. One solution does not come at a huge cost. This is from the bbc� s life at 50 degrees series on Climate Change. No shade, no shelter. Temperatures can hit 48 degrees. This is a slum in india. She is struggling. She asks for water. The heat is wiping everyone out. Translation wiping everyone out. Tuna mom wiping everyone out. Translation , , translation this is boils caused by translation this is boils caused by the translation this is boils caused by the heat. Translation this is boils caused by the heat. It translation this is boils caused by the heat. It is. Translation this is boils | caused by the heat. It is very hot. This is how we spend the day. We cannot sleep at night, even on the roof. Its difficult. Even on the roof. Its difficult. ,. ,. , difficult. Help is at hand. Krishna difficult. Help is at hand. Krishna works difficult. Help is at hand. Krishna works for difficult. Help is at hand. Krishna works for a difficult. Help is at hand. I krishna works for a Housing Trust that helps families call their homes. Cool. The Charity Found that homes like shakeelas and hit 46 degrees inside. Translation let shakeelas and hit 46 degrees inside. Translation inside. Translation let me tell ou, inside. Translation let me tell you. I inside. Translation let me tell you, i was inside. Translation let me tell you, i was in inside. Translation let me tell you, i was in the tell you, i was in the situation ten times worse than you are. Then they suggested i go for white paint. Go for white paint. Concrete holds the go for white paint. Concrete holds the heat go for white paint. Concrete holds the heat so go for white paint. Concrete holds the heat so the go for white paint. Concrete holds the heat so the roof. Go for white paint. Concrete | holds the heat so the roof is like a sun trap. But if you paint the roof with white paint, it will reflect it. This simple solution will call the house by 3 4. Simple solution will call the house by 3 4. Cool. Housing trust offers shakeelas a loan of about 135,000 135. The effect is immediate. Before we would burn effect is immediate. Before we would burn if effect is immediate. Before we would burn if we effect is immediate. Before we would burn if we stood effect is immediate. Before we would burn if we stood here i would burn if we stood here barefoot but we can stand here without slippers. The barefoot but we can stand here without slippers. Without slippers. The charity has helped without slippers. The charity has helped paint without slippers. The charity has helped paint the without slippers. The charity has helped paint the roofs i without slippers. The charity| has helped paint the roofs of 5000 homes. Shakeelas neighbours say they are also interested. Mohammed is one happy customer. It interested. Mohammed is one happy customer happy customer. It used to be so hot that happy customer. It used to be so hot that we happy customer. It used to be so hot that we could happy customer. It used to be so hot that we could not happy customer. It used to be so hot that we could not stay i so hot that we could not stay indoors for a stretch of five minutes but now it is not the case. It is much cooler inside. Today this little boy has drifted off. Calling your house does not have to cost the earth. ,. , lets look at some of the other main news from Around The World and the European Commission says it has serious concerns about a ruling by poland that its own law takes precedence over that of the eu. The commission has reaffirmed the founding principles of the eu legal system, founding principles of the eu legalsystem, Including Founding Principles of the eu legal system, including the primacy of its law over member states. Ireland is abandoning one of its key Investment Incentives by raising its Corporate Tax rate from the Biggest Companies and 12. 5 up to 15 . The increase is part of a global deal on tax reform, taking it less attractive for Multinational Companies to shift their profits to places where the rate is lower. Andy murray says his missing wedding ring has been returned following a social media appeal. The former tennis number one had tied the ring to the leases of his trainers which were drying under his car. The next morning, the ring and shoes had gone. He thanked his followers for spreading the word. Final approval has been given for a Takeover Of Newcastle for a ta keover of Newcastle United for a takeover of Newcastle United football club. A consortium, including Saudi Arabian backers, is to run the club but serious questions have been asked about the change of ownership because of persistent criticism of saudi arabia and its record on human rights. The Charity Amnesty International had urged the Premier League to change its criteria in assessing the suitability of club owners. Dan roan has more. Its one of the most controversial deals in premier League History but for many fans, a cause for celebration. All cheer. These the scenes at St Jamess Park today after news that after news that a £300 million saudi led takeover of Newcastle United was finally complete. How are you feeling . Fantastic, thank you. The businesswomen who fronted the bid, amanda staveley, who will have a minority stake, told me it will be Tra Nsformative for the club. We think that Newcastle United needs, you know, a great deal of investment. We want to invest in the community, in the academy and the Infrastructure Notjust in players and the business itself, but in at every level. 80 of the club will now be owned by saudis sovereign wealth fund, chaired by the countrys crown prince. A deal collapsed last year amid Premier League concerns at possible State Control of the club but today, it said assurances had been received and a dispute over alleged saudi tv piracy has also been resolved. The news brings to an end a turbulent era for the club. The fans increasingly disillusioned with the 14 year reign of mike ashley, the Retail Tycoon blamed for a lack of investment and ambition. Chanting we want ashley out we want ashley out the deal catapults Newcastle United to the very top of footballs rich list after two relegations from the Premier League under ashleys ownership. The fans of newcastle have been through an awful lot. I mean, the club is completely unrecognisable to the club that i used to play for. Its a really special place and its been a long, tough road and theres definitely some really exciting times for geordie fans to look forward to. But critics say this is another example of saudi arabia using sport to deflect scrutiny of its poor Human Rights Record especially given the alleged involvement of the crown prince in the murder of dissident journalist Jamal Khashoggi in 2018, which he denies. It represents the clearest attempt yet by saudi authorities to clean up their tarnished International Human rights record via the route of purchasing a top flight football club. Saudi ownership of stjamess park has always been much more about Image Management for crown prince Mohammad Bin Salman and his government than it ever was about football. Championship contenders back in the � 90s, Newcastle Uniteds long suffering fans have yearned for a return to the glory days for years. The concern, however, is that those now at the helm may prove even more controversial than the man they have bought from. This years Nobel Prize For Literature has been won by tanzania writer. He calls a brilliant and wonderful. He says it is a big prize in such a huge list of wonderful writers and he was still taking it all in. He grew up on zanzibarand it all in. He grew up on zanzibar and arrived it all in. He grew up on zanzibarand arrived in it all in. He grew up on zanzibar and arrived in england as a refugee at the end of 19605. As a refugee at the end of 1960s. His books including pilgrims way about being a migrant in the uk. He is the first african to win the award in almost two decades and will get a gold medal and 2 million swedish kroner, more than1 million us dollars. This years Nobel Prize For Literature from sorry, i have told you about that lets get more from my colleague was atkins who has been speaking to the winner. The atkins who has been speaking to the winner the winner. The moment i heard i was the winner. The moment i heard i was making the winner. The moment i heard i was making myself the winner. The moment i heard i was making myself a the winner. The moment i heard i was making myself a cup the winner. The moment i heard i was making myself a cup of. I was making myself a cup of tea, just about before lunch, and this, somebody on the phone, you know these days you get a cold call and i thought it was one of them and i picked it up into this guy said hello, you have won the Nobel Prize For Literature and i said come on get out of here leave me alone but he talked me out of the tent gradually persuaded me when you are writing, you write to the best of your understanding and your ability and observing as carefully and hoping to give pleasure and that kind of thing but at least for me, i dont say i am doing this because i want something, you know, kind of practical to come out of it, something that would change anything, because thats really up to people, it is not up to a writer to stand or write in a book so i write to the best and leave it to let the thing to its workwear. 5 the thing to its workwear. As the thing to its workwear. As the conversation is more broadly about britains colonial history have shifted in recent years, whether you find the experience of writing about colonialism has moved as well, comparing yourfirst well, comparing your first books well, comparing yourfirst books to your more recent ones . Yes, i think Something Big books to your more recent ones . Yes, ithink Something Big has changed, sure. What i was beginning to say was that there was a time, you know, pretty soon after the colonisation, you know, when it seemed as if, you know, when it seemed as if, you know, when it seemed as if, you know, there was nothing to say, weve done it, weve left them, they have got their own, whatever. And only as time has passed in the last few decades the actual meaning of it and consequences of it have become more clear. And now what you see is a sort of resistance which is coming from mainly from i suppose from the Conservative Party but elsewhere as well, except being an example, of something that desires to resist thats change that has taken place. Its not really about just the eu, that has taken place. Its not really aboutjust the eu, its really aboutjust the eu, its really aboutjust the eu, its really about also i think having to think again about what kind of country this is and what kind of history it has so i think yeah, i think things have changed and i think although these things have not been unknown, you know, in sort of a bandicoot academic scholarship as it were but in popular life and popular culture, these are things that are very much contested. Before we to, very much contested. Before we to, have very much contested. Before we go, have allotted very much contested. Before we go, have allotted mountain go, have allotted Mountain Gorilla whose Photograph Led to her global fame gorilla whose Photograph Led to her globalfame has died at gorilla whose Photograph Led to her global fame has died at the age of 14. This was her a few days before her death. She passed away in the arms of her caretaker. She was orphaned at two months of age. She went viral in 2019 after she and another orphaned gorilla stock poses as a park ranger took a selfie. This is bbc news. Thank you for watching. Hello again. Thursday saw the arrival of some very warm air indeed across the uk, with temperaturesjumping by seven degrees celsius in places. Many of us had quite a bit of cloud, but we had some sunshine for example, in north wales in denbighshire and next door to this in flintshire that was where the warmest place in the country was. 22 degrees celsius the top temperature. That is eight degrees celsius warmer than it should be at this time of the year the October Average is 14 degrees. Now, weve had extensive cloud across the north west for both scotland and Northern Ireland. Here, a slow moving Weather Front has been bringing rain through thursday. Weve got more rain to come overnight into friday, friday night and into saturday as well for some across scotland and Northern Ireland because this front is barely budging. Further southwards, well, weve got quite a bit of cloud reforming, some mist and fog patches turning quite dense. As well as that, theres a bit of drizzle around, so quite a murky start to the day for many in england and wales with that mist and fog and low cloud slow to thin and break. But eventually, come the afternoon, we should start to get some brighter weather through. The exception well, for Northern Ireland and scotland, theres more rain here, heaviest in argyll and highland, and weve got a very weak Weather Front moving into east anglia and south east england. That Willjust Thicken the cloud up enough to bring occasional spots of light rain or drizzle as well. But otherwise, very mild again temperatures running into the low 20s. Now this weekend, this cold front will start to push its way southwards. It is a weak front. It will bring some fresher air in from the north and west with temperatures easing down a few degrees as we go through the weekend. Now, saturday again, mist and fog patches to start the day across england and wales but probably a better chance of seeing some sunshine through the afternoon. The rain in scotland and Northern Ireland actually starts to budge, so it should brighten up across the north west of both later in the afternoon, but The Rain Heading Into Cumbria and northumberland. That same Weather Front is this stripe of cloud across east anglia and the south east on sunday. Might get an odd spit of rain but essentially, a lot of dry weather on sunday, again with some sunny spells around, a few showers in Northern Scotland with strengthening winds here and the temperatures easing down 14 or 15 degrees scotland and Northern Ireland, the far north of england, still 17 19 across england and wales. But itll continue to get a little bit fresher those temperatures coming back closer to average in the week ahead. I believe in the people of california. This is bbc news. Your other headlines one of president bidens closest aides has urged russia not to exploit the current shortages in Energy Supplies. The National Security advisor, jack sullivan, told the bbc moscow had previously used energy as a political weapon. He wanted doing so now would backfire. Us senators have agreed to raise the countrys ceiling for two months after republicans dropped their opposition to the increase. The cap on Government Borrowing was due to be reached within weeks. The compromise still has to be formally approved by both houses of congress. Un secretary general Antonio Banderas has condemned the inequalities in the Global Supply of covid vaccines as immoral and stupid. The United Nations says it is hoping that 40 of people in all countries will be vaccinated by the end of the year