In order to bring the pandemic under control. Former President Donald Trump is expected to be acquitted when senators vote on his second impeachment trial later today. Protests in myanmar enter their eighth day as the un passes a Resolution Denouncing the Military Coup and calling for the release of aung san suu kyi. Now on bbc news, global questions. With schools, colleges and universities Around The World closed by covid i9, how can we stop this disruption to young lives becoming a global generational disaster . Hello, and welcome to global questions. Nearlyi billion students worldwide have suffered massive disruption to their education from covert lockdowns. Covid lockdowns. The impact on their lives now and in the future might be devastating. How can we prevent this becoming a global generational disaster . The cost to education. Our panellistsjoin our panellists join us via video link. Julia gillard was the first woman to become a Prime Minister to become Prime Minister of australia in 2010. She is now chair of the Global Partnership for education, which focuses on transforming education in lower income countries. Butjulia is also a champion for education for all, and she has said no child in the world should be deprived of education as a result of the measures needed to fight coronavirus. And the director of one of the worlds leading universities, the London School of economics. Born in egypt, she is an economist by training and has previously served as Deputy Governor of the Bank Of England and was the youngest ever Vice President of the world bank. Her new book is published next month. Welcome to you both and to my question is from all over if you to join the conversation, its bbcglobalquestions. 0urfirst Question comes from just outside new york city. Michael, your question please. York city. Michael, your question lease. ,. ,. , please. How resilient are Young Children . And please. How resilient are Young Children . And three please. How resilient are Young Children . And three and children . And three and four year olds children . And three and four year olds who children . And three andi four year olds who have children . And three and four year olds who have spent so much four year olds who have spent so much of four year olds who have spent so much of their four year olds who have spent so much of their lives four year olds who have spent so much of their lives in four year olds who have spent so much of their lives in covid four year olds who have spent so much of their lives in covid be much of their lives in covid be expected much of their lives in covid be expecled to much of their lives in covid be expected to recover much of their lives in covid be expected to recover as much of their lives in covid bej expected to recover as quickly much of their lives in covid be i expected to recover as quickly as older expected to recover as quickly as older kids. Expected to recover as quickly as older kids, and expected to recover as quickly as older kids, and how expected to recover as quickly as older kids, and how can expected to recover as quickly as older kids, and how can we expected to recover as quickly as older kids, and how can we helpl older kids, and how can we help parents older kids, and how can we help parents and older kids, and how can we help parents and teachers older kids, and how can we help parents and teachers to older kids, and how can we help parents and teachers to preparej older kids, and how can we help parents and teachers to prepare now . Lots of parents and teachers to prepare now . Lots of questions parents and teachers to prepare now . Lots of questions there. Parents and teachers to prepare now . Lots of questions there. How lots of questions there. How resilient our children, Julia Gillard . I resilient our children, Julia Gillard . ~ resilient our children, Julia Gillard . ~. , gillard . I think children are inherently gillard . I think children are inherently pretty gillard . I think children are inherently pretty resilient, | gillard . I think children are i inherently pretty resilient, but gillard . I think children are inherently pretty resilient, but the onusis inherently pretty resilient, but the onus is on us as the adults to make sure we are giving them the best enabling conditions even in these very difficult times. In many countries, we are doing a good job but educational continuity, with lessons online, and children at that very young age. What we have to do is make sure that is available that is make sure that is available that is available right around the well, there is a differential system, children in richer countries are getting much more than children in poorer countries. But you are right that when children are able to get back together again that there is the opportunity for socialisation, the opportunity for socialisation, the things they missed out on during this period. The the things they missed out on during this eriod. , the things they missed out on during this eriod. ,. ,. , this period. The early years are critical for this period. The early years are critical for too this period. The early years are critical for too important this period. The early years are i critical for too important reasons. One is critical for too important reasons. One is that critical for too important reasons. One is that they lay the foundation for future one is that they lay the foundation for future learning, and studies have for future learning, and studies have shown, to give one example in jamaica. Have shown, to give one example in jamaica, kids who got good stimulation in the first 1000 days of life. Stimulation in the first 1000 days of life, and 42 more as adults, 22 years of life, and 42 more as adults, 22 years later of life, and 42 more as adults, 22 years later. So it is fundamental for laying years later. So it is fundamental for laying the foundation for future success, for laying the foundation for future success, and it is also the best point success, and it is also the best point to success, and it is also the best point to deal with social mobility, users point to deal with social mobility, users 2 point to deal with social mobility, users. 2 equalise things for children users. 2 equalise things for children from poorer families if, as julia said. Children from poorer families if, as julia said, you make sure those early julia said, you make sure those early years julia said, you make sure those early years opportunities are given to everyone. Early years opportunities are given to everyone early years opportunities are given to everyone. Thank you for making that point. To everyone. Thank you for making that point, minouche, to everyone. Thank you for making that point, minouche, because to everyone. Thank you for making. That point, minouche, because people often think it is and because of exams that matter, but it is just as important for the little ones. What do you have to say, michael . Mas do you have to say, michael . Was terrific answers, do you have to say, michael . Was terrific answers, thank you very nruch terrific answers, thank you very nruch i terrific answers, thank you very nruch ijust terrific answers, thank you very much. Ijust want terrific answers, thank you very much. Ijust want to terrific answers, thank you very much. Ijust want to make terrific answers, thank you very much. Ijust want to make the i terrific answers, thank you very. Much. Ijust want to make the that educational much. Ijust want to make the that Educational Equity much. Ijust want to make the that Educational Equity are much. Ijust want to make the that Educational Equity are so much. Ijust want to make the that Educational Equity are so critical. Educational equity are so critical as we Educational Equity are so critical as we recover Educational Equity are so critical as we recover from Educational Equity are so critical as we recover from the Educational Equity are so critical as we recover from the global. As we recover from the global pandemic, as we recover from the global pandemic, and as we recover from the global pandemic, and your as we recover from the global pandemic, and your answers. As we recover from the global. Pandemic, and your answers give as we recover from the global pandemic, and your answers give me reassurance pandemic, and your answers give me Reassurance Leaders pandemic, and your answers give me Reassurance Leaders are pandemic, and your answers give me Reassurance Leaders are looking pandemic, and your answers give me Reassurance Leaders are looking at i Reassurance Leaders are looking at this and Reassurance Leaders are looking at this and just Reassurance Leaders are looking at this and just the Reassurance Leaders are looking at this and just the right Reassurance Leaders are looking at this and just the right way. Reassurance leaders are looking at this and just the right way. Thankl this and just the right way. Thank you this and ust the right way. Thank ou. ~. , this and ust the right way. Thank 0. ~. , this and ust the right way. Thank ou. ~ a. , this and ust the right way. Thank ou. , this and ust the right way. Thank you. We hope so, michael. These two readers arthur you. We hope so, michael. These two readers arthur shaw, you. We hope so, michael. These two readers arthur shaw, but you. We hope so, michael. These two readers arthur shaw, but youre readers arthur shaw, but youre absolutely right to say that inequality is absolutely expanding at the moment between richer nations and lower income countries. To cambodia now for our next question. What do you want to askjulia and minouche . I work for our Organisation Giving access i work for our Organisation Giving access to i work for our Organisation Giving access to education i work for our Organisation Giving access to education to i work for our Organisation Giving access to education to children. Access to education to children outside access to education to children outside of access to education to children outside of school. Access to education to children outside of school. My access to education to children outside of school. My question access to education to children i outside of school. My question is, without outside of school. My question is, without School Outside Of school. My question is, without school being outside of school. My question is, without school being open, outside of school. My question is, i without school being open, children in remote without school being open, children in remote areas without school being open, children in remote areas are without school being open, children in remote areas are subject without school being open, children in remote areas are subject to without school being open, children in remote areas are subject to far. In remote areas are subject to far greater in remote areas are subject to far greater risks in remote areas are subject to far greater risks of in remote areas are subject to far greater risks of abuse in remote areas are subject to far greater risks of abuse and greater risks of abuse and exploitation. Greater risks of abuse and exploitation. How greater risks of abuse and exploitation. How can greater risks of abuse and exploitation. How can we i greater risks of abuse and exploitation. How can we continue greater risks of abuse and exploitation. How can we continue to ive exploitation. How can we continue to give children. Exploitation. How can we continue to give children, especially exploitation. How can we continue to give children, especially girls, give children, especially girls, maximum give children, especially girls, maximum protection . Give children, especially girls, maximum protection . Give children, especially girls, maximum protection . Huge problem. Minouche shafik, maximum protection . Huge problem. Minouche shafik, we maximum protection . Huge problem. Minouche shafik, we hear maximum protection . Huge problem. Minouche shafik, we hear all maximum protection . Huge problem. Minouche shafik, we hear all sorts Minouche Shafik, we hear all sorts of stories, girls selling their bodies so that they can afford to go to school and all the rest of it. It is just absolutely appalling. It is is ust absolutely appalling. It is a isjust absolutely appalling. It is a hue isjust absolutely appalling. It is a huge issue. Isjust absolutely appalling. It is a huge issue, and is just absolutely appalling. It is a huge issue, and the pandemic is in the midwest, but for girls and for women, the midwest, but for girls and for women, who carry much of burden of the virus. Women, who carry much of burden of the virus. And women, who carry much of burden of the virus, and all we can really do is shine the virus, and all we can really do is shine a the virus, and all we can really do is shine a light on it and make sure that authorities are aware of this and girls that authorities are aware of this and girls in that authorities are aware of this and girls in vulnerable positions are looked after. And girls in vulnerable positions are looked after. Such an important ruestion. Are looked after. Such an important question we are looked after. Such an important question. We know are looked after. Such an important question. We know from are looked after. Such an important question. We know from the are looked after. Such an important question. We know from the ebola l question. We know from the ebola epidemic which was more localised but very severe, that when closed because of health reasons, on the reopening, it is the most marginalised kids that might make it back to school. The most marginalised children are never return, disproportionately they were girls. And early estimates in this pandemic were that, as schools closed, potentially up to 2a million children might not make it back to school. I chair the Global Partnership for education, which is the multilateralfund, which works with developing countries on school education. We are trying to maintain educational continuity, but also to keepin educational continuity, but also to keep in touch with school populations, and when schools can reopen safely to try and do Everything Possible to ensure that Everything Possible to ensure that every child including every marginalised girl gets back to school. So there is a real role here for the Global Community to lean into making sure that this current pandemic doesnt end up equalling a lost generation of children who dont get education any longer. What dont get education any longer. What is it like in cambodia . Dont get education any longer. What is it like in cambodia . Why are you so worried that you wanted to ask this question . This question . Children are not in school, this question . Children are not in school. And this question . Children are not in school, and they this question . Children are not in school, and they are this question . Children are not in school, and they are working this question . Children are not in school, and they are working in i this question . Children are not in i school, and they are working in the fields, school, and they are working in the fields, so school, and they are working in the fields, so girls school, and they are working in the fields, so girls are school, and they are working in the fields, so girls are especially school, and they are working in the fields, so girls are especially at fields, so girls are especially at risk, fields, so girls are especially at risk, they fields, so girls are especially at risk, they could fields, so girls are especially at risk, they could end fields, so girls are especially at risk, they could end up fields, so girls are especially at risk, they could end up in fields, so girls are especially at risk, they could end up in early| risk, they could end up in early marriage, risk, they could end up in early marriage, which risk, they could end up in early marriage, which which risk, they could end up in early marriage, which which leads i risk, they could end up in early marriage, which which leads to sexual marriage, which which leads to sexual abuse marriage, which which leads to sexual abuse or marriage, which which leads to sexual abuse or trafficking. Marriage, which which leads to sexual abuse or trafficking. Thanks ve much sexual abuse or trafficking. Thanks very much indeed. Sexual abuse or trafficking. Thanks very much indeed. 0k, sexual abuse or trafficking. Thanks very much indeed. Ok, lets sexual abuse or trafficking. Thanks very much indeed. Ok, lets go sexual abuse or trafficking. Thanks very much indeed. Ok, lets go tol very much indeed. Ok, lets go to yemen, if any conflict ridden country there. Your question, please. A very conflict ridden country. Please. A very conflict ridden count. ,. , country. Good evening. Very happy to be able to ask country. Good evening. Very happy to be able to ask this country. Good evening. Very happy to be able to ask this question country. Good evening. Very happy to be able to ask this question to be able to ask this question to julia be able to ask this question to julia and be able to ask this question to julia and minouche. Be able to ask this question to julia and minouche. My be able to ask this question to. Julia and minouche. My question be able to ask this question to julia and minouche. My question is, how can julia and minouche. My question is, how can that julia and minouche. My question is, how can that national julia and minouche. My question is, how can that National Governments| how can that National Governments and national how can that National Governments and National Bodies how can that National Governments and National Bodies prioritise and National Bodies prioritise funding and National Bodies prioritise funding the and National Bodies prioritise funding the education and National Bodies prioritise funding the education of and National Bodies prioritise funding the education of thei and National Bodies prioritise funding the education of the most vulnerable . Funding the education of the most vulnerable . Many funding the education of the most vulnerable . Many children funding the education of the most vulnerable . Many children are vulnerable . Many children are struggling vulnerable . Many children are struggling with vulnerable . Many children are struggling with their vulnerable . Many children are struggling with their mental. Struggling with their Mental Wellbeing struggling with their mental well being. How struggling with their mental well being. How can struggling with their mental well being. How can the. Struggling with their mental. Well being. How can the world mobilise well being. How can the world mobilise to well being. How can the world mobilise to avoid well being. How can the world mobilise to avoid a well being. How can the world mobilise to avoid a lost well being. How can the world mobilise to avoid a lost generation . Minouche, mobilise to avoid a lost generation . Minouche, let mobilise to avoid a lost generation . Minouche, let me mobilise to avoid a lost generation . Minouche, let me come mobilise to avoid a lost generation . Minouche, let me come to mobilise to avoid a lost generation . Minouche, let me come to you, minouche, let me come to you, because we know that the United Nations has said it is really worried about the psychosocial impact of covid i9 on young peoples mental well being. And there you are at the lse trying to deal with a lot of students who are feeling rather disorientated. Of students who are feeling rather disorientated. Yeah. Well, we have certainly had disorientated. Yeah. Well, we have certainly had to disorientated. Yeah. Well, we have certainly had to invest disorientated. Yeah. Well, we have certainly had to invest more disorientated. Yeah. Well, we have certainly had to invest more in certainly had to invest more in mental certainly had to invest more in Mental Health and support for both students Mental Health and support for both students and our staff as a result of the students and our staff as a result of the covid pandemic. And i think all of of the covid pandemic. And i think all of us of the covid pandemic. And i think all of us will need to provide more of that all of us will need to provide more of that support throughout this period of that support throughout this period. And its aftermath, because it wont. Period. And its aftermath, because it wont, even when everyone is vaccinated. It wont, even when everyone is vaccinated, whenever that happens, there vaccinated, whenever that happens, there will vaccinated, whenever that happens, there will still be after effects. 0n getting countries to invest more, i 0n getting countries to invest more, i had 0n getting countries to invest more, i had a 0n getting countries to invest more, i had a colleague at the royal bank many i had a colleague at the royal bank many years ago who spent his entire year calculating the rate of return for education. The world bank. And after for education. The world bank. And after looking at thousands of years and after looking at thousands of years of and after looking at thousands of years of data, he concluded that the rate of years of data, he concluded that the rate of return to education was about rate of return to education was about 10 . The rate of return on the stock about 10 . The rate of return on the stock market about 10 . The rate of return on the stock market is about 8 over the last 50 stock market is about 8 over the last 50 years, so there are very few investments last 50 years, so there are very few investments in the world that deliver investments in the world that deliver a investments in the world that deliver a higher return than education. I think we have to keep reminding education. I think we have to keep reminding governments of that, especially in tight times, that there especially in tight times, that there really is no better investment, and especially of course investment investment, and especially of course investment and girls in vulnerable groups investment and girls in vulnerable urou s. , ~ investment and girls in vulnerable urous. , ~ , investment and girls in vulnerable urous. , ~ investment and girls in vulnerable urous. ~. ,. G. , groups. Thank you, minouche. Julia gillard, how groups. Thank you, minouche. Julia gillard, how would groups. Thank you, minouche. Julia gillard, how would you groups. Thank you, minouche. Julia gillard, how would you answer groups. Thank you, minouche. Julia gillard, how would you answer this | gillard, how would you answer this question, particularly about the mental well being of students and children . I Mental Wellbeing of students and children . ,. , Mental Wellbeing of students and children . ,. , children . I absolutely agree with minouche. Children . I absolutely agree with minouche, that children . I absolutely agree with minouche, that is children . I absolutely agree with minouche, that is such children . I absolutely agree with minouche, that is such an children . I absolutely agree with. Minouche, that is such an important point. 0n the Mental Health and well being, i think this is a critical issue for countries Around The World. We do need to up both the sensitivity of education to Mental Health support, but as things can return to more normalised human interaction, we have also got to up investment in Mental Health programmes. Children of course rely on school is a great outlet, but it is not the only outlet, community sports, groups matter to, and connection is such a protective factor when it comes to Mental Health. The director general of unesco says, prolonged and repeated closures are taking a rising psychosocial toll on students. Is psychosocial toll on students. Is that something you would both support . I that something you would both su ort . ,. ,. , support . I note that the World Health Organization support . I note that the World Health Organization has support . I note that the World Health Organization has prioritised teachers. Health organization has prioritised teachers, which i think is absolutely appropriate, judgments needs absolutely appropriate, judgments needs to absolutely appropriate, judgments needs to be made here, but it makes a lot of needs to be made here, but it makes a lot of sense to me that teachers are nearer a lot of sense to me that teachers are nearer the front, a lot of sense to me that teachers are nearerthe front, given a lot of sense to me that teachers are nearer the front, given the vital are nearer the front, given the vital work are nearer the front, given the vital work that they do and the importance of schooling to children. And minouche, the un is a saying that foreclosures should be a last resort. Do you think perhaps we are All Over The World resulting too quickly to these full closures of schools . I think we because anything else before i think we because anything else before the schools. | i think we because anything else before the schools. I think we because anything else before the schools. I am currently in yemen because before the schools. I am currently in yemen because children before the schools. I am currently in yemen because children are. In yemen because children are struggling in yemen because children are struggling with in yemen because children are struggling with the in yemen because children are struggling with the conflict. I struggling with the conflict. Schools struggling with the conflict. Schools are struggling with the conflict. Schools are one struggling with the conflict. Schools are one of struggling with the conflict. Schools are one of the struggling with the conflict. Schools are one of the only| struggling with the conflict. Schools are one of the only safe spaces. Schools are one of the only safe spaces. The schools are one of the only safe spaces. The only schools are one of the only safe spaces, the only Place Schools are one of the only safe spaces, the only place where i schools are one of the only safe. Spaces, the only place where they feel that spaces, the only place where they feel that life spaces, the only place where they feel that life can spaces, the only place where they feel that life can be spaces, the only place where they feel that life can be normal, spaces, the only place where they feel that life can be normal, theyl feel that life can be normal, they already feel that life can be normal, they already face feel that life can be normal, they already face so feel that life can be normal, they already face so much feel that life can be normal, they already face so much destructionj feel that life can be normal, they. Already face so much destruction of their education. Already face so much destruction of their education. So already face so much destruction of their education. So covid 19, already face so much destruction of their education. So covid 19, the l their education. So covid 19, the school their education. So covid 19, the School Closure their education. So covid 19, the School Closure means their education. So covid 19, the School Closure means one their education. So covid 19, the School Closure means one less i their education. So covid 19, the School Closure means one less space where School Closure means one less space where they School Closure means one less space where they can School Closure means one less space where they can get School Closure means one less space where they can get support School Closure means one less space where they can get support and School Closure means one less space where they can get support and be. Where they can get support and be with their where they can get support and be with their friends, where they can get support and be with their friends, have where they can get support and be with their friends, have the with their friends, have the teachers with their friends, have the teachers to with their friends, have the teachers to support with their friends, have the teachers to support them, i with their friends, have the. Teachers to support them, so with their friends, have the teachers to support them, so that is something teachers to support them, so that is something that teachers to support them, so that is something that needs teachers to support them, so that is something that needs to teachers to support them, so that is something that needs to be something that needs to be privatised something that needs to be privatised privatised. Thank you for highlighting privatised. Thank you for highlighting that. Privatised. Thank you for highlighting that. Lets l privatised. Thank you for i highlighting that. Lets now privatised. Thank you for highlighting that. Lets now come privatised. Thank you for highlighting that. Lets now come to the United Kingdom, to nottingham. Hi, thank you for having me on and for answering hi, thank you for having me on and for answering the hi, thank you for having me on and for answering the questions. Hi, thank you for having me on and for answering the questions. My. For answering the questions. My question for answering the questions. My question to for answering the questions. My question to you for answering the questions. My question to you is, for answering the questions. My question to you is, how for answering the questions. My question to you is, how can for answering the questions. My question to you is, how can students entering question to you is, how can students entering the question to you is, how can students entering the jobs question to you is, how can students entering the jobs market question to you is, how can students entering the Jobs Market Be entering the Jobs Market Be supported, entering the Jobs Market Be supported, and entering the Jobs Market Be supported, and our entering the Jobs Market Be. Supported, and our universities preparing supported, and our universities preparing students supported, and our universities preparing students with supported, and our universities preparing students with the preparing students with the necessary preparing students with the necessary skills . Preparing students with the necessary skills . Many preparing students with the necessary skills . Many of l preparing students with the i necessary skills . Many of us preparing students with the necessary skills . Many of us suffer from necessary skills . Many of us suffer from impostor necessary skills . Many of us suffer from Impostor Syndrome necessary skills . Many of us suffer from Impostor Syndrome and necessary skills . Many of us suffer from Impostor Syndrome and we i necessary skills . Many of us suffer. From Impostor Syndrome and we feel that our from Impostor Syndrome and we feel that our grades from Impostor Syndrome and we feel that our grades will from Impostor Syndrome and we feel that our grades will not from Impostor Syndrome and we feel that our grades will not be from Impostor Syndrome and we feel that our grades will not be taken that our grades will not be taken seriously that our grades will not be taken seriously because that our grades will not be taken seriously because of that our grades will not be taken seriously because of the that our grades will not be taken i seriously because of the pandemic. Willis seriously because of the pandemic. Willis is seriously because of the pandemic. Willis is a seriously because of the pandemic. Willis is a student seriously because of the pandemic. Willis is a student at seriously because of the pandemic. Willis is a student at Nottingham I Willis is a student at nottingham university. Julia gillard, what university. Julia gilla rd, what would university. Julia gillard, what would you say to lilith and other students who share her worries . I students who share her worries . I can understand why students are worried, and it is such a difficult time for those in the final years of school, with those all exams, and then of course a university as well, worried about the job market of the future. I guess what i can say is from the contacts i have with universities, i am from the contacts i have with universities, iam involved from the contacts i have with universities, i am involved with Kings College london, for example, my sense is that the University Communities are very sensitive to this, are going to be very supportive of students, and i think employers having been through this period also get it, and i dont think that they will be looking past this generation of graduates. That doesnt mean that youre not going to graduate into a restricted jobs market. I think unfortunately the Economic Impact of the pandemic does mean that times are going to be tough. But i do think too that with stimulus and appropriate government programmes and policies, that the economy cannot rebound, and hopefully we take the opportunity to build it back better, stronger, more equitable, green, and that is the jobs market in which you will be involved. , ~ jobs market in which you will be involved. ,. , jobs market in which you will be involved. , ~. ,. Involved. Thank you. Minouche, i would have involved. Thank you. Minouche, i would have you involved. Thank you. Minouche, i would have you to involved. Thank you. Minouche, i would have you to focus involved. Thank you. Minouche, i would have you to focus on involved. Thank you. Minouche, i would have you to focus on a would have you to focus on a liliths question, our universities preparing students with the necessary skills . We dont prepare students for the kind ofjobs that the economy needs to recover after covid. ~. , the economy needs to recover after covid. ~. ,. , the economy needs to recover after covid. ~. ,. ,. ,. ,. , covid. What you are learning at university covid. What you are learning at university is covid. What you are learning at university is not covid. What you are learning at university is not a covid. What you are learning at university is not a special covid. What you are learning at i university is not a special subject, there university is not a special subject, there are university is not a special subject, there are very few subjects in which you are there are very few subjects in which you are definitely going into that career. You are definitely going into that career, medicine architecture, engineering, perhaps, but so often what youre engineering, perhaps, but so often what youre really learning is how to learn. What youre really learning is how to learn, and you are going to take that ability to learn, and you are going to take that ability to learn to whatever ob that ability to learn to whatever job you that ability to learn to whatever job you do, and employers increasingly want to know what you can learn increasingly want to know what you can learn as increasingly want to know what you can learn as opposed to what you have can learn as opposed to what you have learned in the past. And you should have learned in the past. And you should increasingly, ialways have learned in the past. And you should increasingly, i always say, think should increasingly, i always say, think of should increasingly, i always say, think of your career not as climbing a ladder think of your career not as climbing a ladder but think of your career not as climbing a ladder but like climbing a tree. So you a ladder but like climbing a tree. So you dontjust a ladder but like climbing a tree. So you dont just go literally be passed so you dont just go literally be passed. Most of us in our own careers passed. Most of us in our own careers have taken detours, gone sideways, careers have taken detours, gone sideways, and that opens up new vistas sideways, and that opens up new vistas and sideways, and that opens up new vistas and then you discover new opportunities. Finalthing i vistas and then you discover new opportunities. Final thing i would say as opportunities. Final thing i would say as i opportunities. Final thing i would say as i have long advocated that we should say as i have long advocated that we should be say as i have long advocated that we should be giving our young people, who are should be giving our young people, who are going to have a very long careers, who are going to have a very long careers, not who are going to have a very long careers, not 30 or 40 years that previous careers, not 30 or 40 years that previous generations, but probably 60 year previous generations, but probably 60 year careers, that we need to ive 60 year careers, that we need to give them 60 year careers, that we need to give them opportunities to retool, and thinking about a lifetime educational allowance, where you can revisit educational allowance, where you can revisit your educational allowance, where you can revisit your education many times in your career. Revisit your education many times in your career, its someone that will be needed your career, its someone that will be needed for the jobs of the future be needed for the obs of the future. ,. , �. ,. , future. Lilith, youre getting a lot of advice here future. Lilith, youre getting a lot of advice here from future. Lilith, youre getting a lot of advice here from two future. Lilith, youre getting a lot of advice here from two big future. Lilith, youre getting a lot i of advice here from two big female leaders from All Over The World. Do you like what theyve just said to you, the advice they have given . Definitely, yeah. Its reassuring that, definitely, yeah. Its reassuring that, although definitely, yeah. Its reassuring that, although there definitely, yeah. Its reassuring that, although there will definitely, yeah. Its reassuring that, although there will be that, although there will be challenges, that, although there will be challenges, graduating that, although there will be i challenges, graduating during that, although there will be challenges, graduating during a financial challenges, graduating during a financial crisis, challenges, graduating during a financial crisis, that challenges, graduating during a financial crisis, that there challenges, graduating during a financial crisis, that there will. Challenges, graduating during ai financial crisis, that there will be measures financial crisis, that there will be measures in financial crisis, that there will be measures in place, financial crisis, that there will be measures in place, and financial crisis, that there will be measures in place, and that financial crisis, that there will be measures in place, and that although these measures in place, and that although these industries measures in place, and that although these industries are measures in place, and that although these industries are already measures in place, and that although these industries are already ever these industries are already ever increasingly these industries are already ever increasingly competitive, these industries are already ever increasingly competitive, that i increasingly competitive, that hopefully, increasingly competitive, that hopefully, a increasingly competitive, that hopefully, a bit increasingly competitive, that hopefully, a bit like increasingly competitive, that hopefully, a bit like minouche touched hopefully, a bit like minouche touched upon, hopefully, a bit like minouche touched upon, there hopefully, a bit like minouche touched upon, there will hopefully, a bit like minouche touched upon, there will be i hopefully, a bit like minouche touched upon, there will be support throughout touched upon, there will be support throughout so touched upon, there will be support throughout so that touched upon, there will be support throughout so that we touched upon, there will be support throughout so that we can touched upon, there will be support throughout so that we can develop. Throughout so that we can develop and abilities throughout so that we can develop and abilities and throughout so that we can develop and abilities and grow throughout so that we can develop and abilities and grow a throughout so that we can develop and abilities and grow a kind throughout so that we can develop and abilities and grow a kind of. And abilities and grow a kind of resilience and abilities and grow a kind of resilience as and abilities and grow a kind of resilience as we and abilities and grow a kind of resilience as we move and abilities and grow a kind of resilience as we move forward. And abilities and grow a kind of resilience as we move forward. Im resilience as we move forward. Im cruessin resilience as we move forward. Guessing you are about 20, 21, resilience as we move forward. guessing you are about 20, 21, but you had the bit about women maxing out you are working until you are in your 80s, that is all right with you, is it . Your 80s, that is all right with you. Is it . Your 80s, that is all right with ou, is it . � ,. ,. ,. , you, is it . Its not what i wanted thank you you, is it . Its not what i wanted thank you very you, is it . Its not what i wanted thank you very much you, is it . Its not what i wanted thank you very much indeed. You, is it . Its not what i wanted | thank you very much indeed. Lets you, is it . Its not what i wanted thank you very much indeed. Lets go to the capital of afghanistan, to jessica who works for the prominent ngo. What do you want to ask . Mr; ngo. What do you want to ask . My question is about funding to fragile contexts question is about funding to fragile contexts like question is about funding to fragile contexts like afghanistan. Question is about funding to fragile contexts like afghanistan. So contexts like afghanistan. So vulnerable contexts like afghanistan. So Vulnerable Countries contexts like afghanistan. So Vulnerable Countries are contexts like afghanistan. So i Vulnerable Countries are seeing foreign Vulnerable Countries are seeing foreign aid Vulnerable Countries are seeing foreign aid decrease Vulnerable Countries are seeing foreign aid decrease at Vulnerable Countries are seeing foreign aid decrease at the Vulnerable Countries are seeing. Foreign aid decrease at the exact time foreign aid decrease at the exact time when foreign aid decrease at the exact time when there foreign aid decrease at the exact time when there needs foreign aid decrease at the exact time when there needs have time when there needs have significantly time when there needs have significantly increased. Time when there needs have significantly increased. How| time when there needs have. Significantly increased. How can time when there needs have significantly increased. How can a case significantly increased. How can a case be significantly increased. How can a case be made significantly increased. How can a case be made for significantly increased. How can a case be made for richer significantly increased. How can a case be made for richer countriesj significantly increased. How can a i case be made for richer countries to boost case be made for richer countries to boost their case be made for richer countries to boost theirfunding . Case be made for richer countries to boost their funding . Julia case be made for richer countries to boost their funding . Boost their funding . Julia gillard. We know that boost their funding . Julia gillard. We know that he boost their funding . Julia gillard. We know that he to boost their funding . Julia gillard. We know that he to education boost their funding . Julia gillard. I we know that he to education looks set to decline by about i2 as a result of the pandemic. find set to decline by about 1296 as a result of the pandemic. And even before covid, result of the pandemic. And even before covid, there result of the pandemic. And even before covid, there was result of the pandemic. And even before covid, there was a result of the pandemic. And even before covid, there was a big before covid, there was a big funding gap. I before covid, there was a big funding gap before covid, there was a big funding gap. Before covid, there was a big fundin aa. ,. ,. , funding gap. I referred before to the rlobal funding gap. I referred before to the Global Partnership funding gap. I referred before to the Global Partnership of funding gap. I referred before to the Global Partnership of education, and we are grappling with this issue right now, persuading governance Around The World that investment in education is about the long term. It is a bit parallel to the vaccines. None of us are safe until all of us are safe, and we have had the opportunity to get vaccinated. The same is true with education. Our world will be strengthened, more peaceful, more prosperous, if every child gets a great education, and that should matter to all of us. Our problems do not stay at the National Boundaries any longer. And so we are urging everybody to get involved in campaigning for resourcing to education to make sure that domestic governments are making the right decisions, not cutting back, and there is an opportunity in the middle of this year, injuly, at an event co hosted by the governments of the United Kingdom and kenya, for everyone to be raising their hand for education. The Global Partnership for education is seeking to raise at least 5 billion of that event to invest in schooling for the most marginalised children. Thats not all that needs to be done, but i think that will be an early indicator as to whether the world gets this, it is prepared to put resources behind every childs future. ~. ,. , resources behind every childs future. ~ ,. ,. ,. , future. Minouche, it is not meant to be easy to future. Minouche, it is not meant to be easy to make future. Minouche, it is not meant to be easy to make the future. Minouche, it is not meant to be easy to make the case, future. Minouche, it is not meant to be easy to make the case, is future. Minouche, it is not meant to be easy to make the case, is it, future. Minouche, it is not meant to be easy to make the case, is it, for| be easy to make the case, is it, for an increase in aid to Global Education . From high income countries, which have also taken a hammering because of covid 19. I think asjulia said, this pandemic has shown think asjulia said, this pandemic has shown us that fighting global problems from a National Silo is really problems from a National Silo is really very problems from a National Silo is really very ineffective. And i am hoping really very ineffective. And i am hoping that in the wake of this experience, people who understand that Global Cooperation is an everyones interest. The said people will understand that. The cost of delivering will understand that. The cost of delivering decent education for the remaining delivering decent education for the remaining part of the world where aid is remaining part of the world where aid is needed to fill that gap is so small. Aid is needed to fill that gap is so small, relative to the scale of physical small, relative to the scale of physical stimulus and support that advanced physical stimulus and support that advanced economies have given of their own advanced economies have given of their own economies in this period. So i their own economies in this period. So i do their own economies in this period. So i do think. You know, they have spent so i do think. You know, they have spent 20 so i do think. You know, they have spent 20 of so i do think. You know, they have spent 20 of gdp on average in supporting their economies through this pandemic. I think these events are fractions of a percent of gdp, they are are fractions of a percent of gdp, they are affordable. We are fractions of a percent of gdp, they are affordable. Are fractions of a percent of gdp, they are affordable. We have seen 7 trillion being they are affordable. We have seen 7 trillion being spent they are affordable. We have seen 7 trillion being spent by they are affordable. We have seen 7 trillion being spent by the they are affordable. We have seen 7 trillion being spent by the advanced l trillion being spent by the advanced economies in fiscal spending, giving themselves a much more secure base during this pandemic, so you are right, this is a tiny amount by comparison. Jessica, very quickly, response . Comparison. Jessica, very quickly, resonse . , ~ comparison. Jessica, very quickly, resonse . ~. , , response . Thank you, i absolutely auree, we response . Thank you, i absolutely agree. We know response . Thank you, i absolutely agree, we know that response . Thank you, i absolutely agree, we know that Covid Response . Thank you, i absolutely agree, we know that covid is response . Thank you, i absolutely agree, we know that covid is a response . Thank you, i absolutely i agree, we know that covid is a great mirror agree, we know that covid is a great mirror on agree, we know that covid is a great mirror on our agree, we know that covid is a great mirror on our quality, agree, we know that covid is a great mirror on our quality, and agree, we know that covid is a great mirror on our quality, and we agree, we know that covid is a great mirror on our quality, and we will. Mirror on our quality, and we will not be, mirror on our quality, and we will not be, either mirror on our quality, and we will not be, either covid mirror on our quality, and we will not be, either covid or mirror on our quality, and we will not be, either covid or the mirror on our quality, and we will not be, either covid or the manyl not be, either covid or the many challenges not be, either covid or the many challenges we not be, either covid or the many challenges we face not be, either covid or the many challenges we face in not be, either covid or the manyl challenges we face in education, not be, either covid or the many challenges we face in education, so support challenges we face in education, so support across challenges we face in education, so support across countries challenges we face in education, so support across countries is challenges we face in education, so support across countries is really support across countries is really important. Support across countries is really important. The support across countries is really important, the uk, support across countries is really important, the uk, i support across countries is really important, the uk, i know support across countries is really important, the uk, i knowjulial important, the uk, i knowjulia mention. Important, the uk, i knowjulia mention. Is important, the uk, i knowjulia mention, is supporting important, the uk, i knowjulia. Mention, is supporting education, but they mention, is supporting education, but they have mention, is supporting education, but they have in mention, is supporting education, but they have in fact mention, is supporting education, but they have in fact cut mention, is supporting education, but they have in fact cut their but they have in fact cut their foreign but they have in fact cut their foreign aid but they have in fact cut their foreign aid in but they have in fact cut their foreign aid in 2021 but they have in fact cut their foreign aid in 2021by but they have in fact cut their foreign aid in 2021 by 0. 2 , i but they have in fact cut their foreign aid in 2021 by 0. 2 , which is quite foreign aid in 2021 by 0. 2 , which is quite a foreign aid in 2021 by 0. 2 , which is quite a significant foreign aid in 2021 by 0. 2 , which is quite a significant cut, foreign aid in 2021 by 0. 2 , which is quite a significant cut, so foreign aid in 2021 by 0. 2 , which is quite a significant cut, so it foreign aid in 2021 by 0. 2 , which is quite a significant cut, so it is i is quite a significant cut, so it is great is quite a significant cut, so it is great that is quite a significant cut, so it is great that we is quite a significant cut, so it is great that we have is quite a significant cut, so it is great that we have leaders is quite a significant cut, so it is great that we have leaders suchj is quite a significant cut, so it is i great that we have leaders such as yourselves great that we have leaders such as yourselves doing great that we have leaders such as yourselves doing great great that we have leaders such as yourselves doing great work great that we have leaders such asl yourselves doing great work Behind The Scenes yourselves doing great work Behind The Scenes. , ~ yourselves doing great work Behind The Scenes. ,. , ~. , the scenes. Thank you. And julia raised her the scenes. Thank you. And julia raised her hand the scenes. Thank you. And julia raised her hand for the scenes. Thank you. And julia raised her hand for education, i l the scenes. Thank you. And julia i raised her hand for education, i am sure we are always in our hands with you as well, Julia Gillard, thank you. Last question now, we go to the democratic republic of congo. Thank ou, it is democratic republic of congo. Thank you. It is an democratic republic of congo. Thank you, it is an honour democratic republic of congo. Thank you, it is an honour to democratic republic of congo. Thank you, it is an honour to be democratic republic of congo. Thank you, it is an honour to be here. You, it is an honour to be here. Many you, it is an honour to be here. Many sub saharan you, it is an honour to be here. Many sub saharan countries i you, it is an honour to be here. I many sub saharan countries have little many sub saharan countries have little or many sub saharan countries have little or no many sub saharan countries have little or no capacity many sub saharan countries have little or no capacity to many sub saharan countries have little or no capacity to take little or no capacity to take advantage little or no capacity to take advantage of little or no capacity to take advantage of new little or no capacity to take advantage of new technologies. Little or no capacity to take advantage of new technologies. What conseguences advantage of new technologies. What consequences could advantage of new technologies. What consequences could this advantage of new technologies. What consequences could this Disparity Consequences could this disparity have on consequences could this disparity have on the consequences could this disparity have on the Competitiveness Consequences could this disparity have on the competitiveness of i consequences could this disparity have on the competitiveness of Young Africans have on the competitiveness of Young Africans on have on the competitiveness of Young Africans on the have on the competitiveness of Young Africans on the international have on the competitiveness of Young Africans on the International Labour i africans on the International Labour market . Africans on the International Labour market . , ~ africans on the International Labour market . ,. , africans on the International Labour market . ,. Market . Thank you very much, eric. Minouche. Market . Thank you very much, eric. Minouche. Let market . Thank you very much, eric. Minouche, let me market . Thank you very much, eric. Minouche, let me come market . Thank you very much, eric. Minouche, let me come to market . Thank you very much, eric. Minouche, let me come to you market . Thank you very much, eric. Minouche, let me come to you on i market . Thank you very much, eric. L minouche, let me come to you on that one, please, the digital haves and have nots, particularly in africa. That is an important issue, the digital that is an important issue, the Digital Divide exists everywhere, and it Digital Divide exists everywhere, and it is Digital Divide exists everywhere, and it is perhaps most extreme in the poorest parts of the world. I think the poorest parts of the world. I think there is an upside to digital, which think there is an upside to digital, which is think there is an upside to digital, which is of think there is an upside to digital, which is of course that it provides access which is of course that it provides access to which is of course that it provides Access To Information in a way that is far Access To Information in a way that is far cheaper than before as well. So i is far cheaper than before as well. So i think is far cheaper than before as well. So i think we have to. You know, i think so i think we have to. You know, i think countries so i think we have to. You know, i think countries in africa have to think think countries in africa have to think about their educational strategy from a digital perspective from the strategy from a digital perspective from the beginning. And use the cost savings from the beginning. And use the cost savings that from the beginning. And use the cost savings that digital offers in order to leapfrog some of the more Old Fashioned approaches to education, which advanced economies that. Education, which advanced economies that so education, which advanced economies that so it education, which advanced economies that so it is education, which advanced economies that. So it is a constraint at the moment, that. So it is a constraint at the moment, but i do think it is an opportunity. 5 billion people now have opportunity. 5 billion people now have access to a smartphone with infinite have access to a smartphone with infinite Access To Information. If that could infinite Access To Information. If that could be harnessed in a progressive way, so that children in africa progressive way, so that children in africa could progressive way, so that children in africa could tap into that in a Cost Effective way, with low cost devices Cost Effective way, with low cost devices and cheap wi fi access, it could devices and cheap wi fi access, it could be devices and cheap wi fi access, it could be transformative. So i think that is could be transformative. So i think that is going to be the challenge for countries in africa. That is going to be the challenge for countries in africa. Thank you very much. For countries in africa. Thank you very much, minouche for countries in africa. Thank you very much, Minouche Shafik. For countries in africa. Thank you | very much, Minouche Shafik. And for countries in africa. Thank you very much, Minouche Shafik. And last word to you, Julia Gillard, how do you answer that . Just end your contribution with a rousing message for us all about the importance of education. Thank you, julia. Thank ou. I education. Thank you, julia. Thank you i would education. Thank you, julia. Thank you. I would actually education. Thank you, julia. Thank you. I would actually like education. Thank you, julia. Thank you. I would actually like to education. Thank you, julia. Thank you. I would actually like to tie you. I would actually like to tie this question to be comments made by minouche earlier about fiscal stimulus, governments Around The World are doing the right thing and supporting their economies now through investing money, where that money gets invested makes a difference, and one of the things i would certainly advocate is that of that investment now, part of it, goes into educational infrastructure that will matter for the longer term. I know from the experience of my own country during the Global Financial crisis, part of our Stimulus Package was about school refurbishment, it could be about School Connectivity as well, and the provision of new ways of working, leapfrogging, to use minouches terminology. So lets make sure that in the Physical Stimulus Stage that we are investing in education. Fiscal stimulus. We are talking about the lives of children whether they will get to lead lives of opportunity, with choices, with the ability to make their way in the world, or whether as a Global Community, we will deny them that. I am hoping that we can all say as human beings that every child is precious, and lets make sure we are the sourcing and whacking it so every child has hope and opportunity. Every child has hope and opportunity every child has hope and opportunity. Every child has hope and ouortuni. ,. ,. , opportunity. Julia gillard, former australian prime opportunity. Julia gillard, former australian Prime Minister, opportunity. Julia gillard, former australian Prime Minister, Minouche Shafikfrom australian Prime Minister, Minouche Shafik from the London School of economics, and our questionnaires, and to our audience, thank you. That is all from this edition of global questions. Remember, we are the programme that brings you the trend lines behind the headlines, and if you want to be part of our next programme, the topic is travel in a post covid world. You can e mail us. Until the next time, from me, and the rest of the global questions team, goodbye. Hello. It has been another very cold start to the day for many of us, and although things will be turning gradually milder through the weekend, were not quite there yet. Still lots of lying snow and ice around through today. This is picture in north yorkshire. So, things are turning milder, but only very gradually. By the end of tomorrow, well all be in that milder air, and its also a windy picture wherever you are through the course of the weekend. Weve got this Weather Front thats been moving in from the west, bringing some heavy snow across northern ireland, five to ten centimeters there. Also some patchy snow for western scotland, north west england, wales, down towards the South West Of England as well. Further east, you should stay dry but look at these gusts of wind. Wherever you are, its going to be a windy day, gusts of 40 or 50 miles an hour around some exposed coasts. So, temperatures on your thermometer only a degree or two above freezing for many of us, but when you add on the strength of the wind, therell be a significant wind chill. So itll feel more like 7, 8 degrees out there. A bit of Sunshine Holding on for the south east of england, east anglia and Eastern Scotland as well, but for most of us, its a fairly cloudy picture, and that cloud continues working its way eastwards through the course of tonight. Little bit more patchy snow to come for parts of Northern England and particularly for scotland through tonight, so another icy start to your sunday morning. Many of us seeing those temperatures once again dipping a little bit below freezing, but it wont be as cold as it has been over recent nights. So, an active Weather Front tomorrow, moving its way in from the west, but bumping into High Pressure sitting out towards the east. So, yes, the milder air is arriving, but its really going to take its time to push across Eastern Parts of the uk during sunday. Those temperatures in the west just starting to rise through the course of the morning, but we could well see some really difficult travel conditions, particularly where youve got those subzero temperatures and theres going to be rain falling on freezing surfaces, so ice will be a problem, especially for parts of Northern England and for scotland as well. Through the day, youll all notice the strength of that wind. In fact, gusts could reach around 60 to 70 Miles Per Hour around irish sea coasts, up towards the western isles, for instance, as well. Further east, its windy but largely dry for east anglia and the south east of england. Patchy rain working eastwards, affecting many other areas. 4 5 celsius in the east, but further west, we could see around 12 celsius for belfast, for instance. And then as we head through the coming week, we swap snow and ice for more wind, rain at times, but things will be turning milder for all of us. Bye bye. This is bbc news. Im lukwesa burak. The headlines. The government launches a final push to vaccinate the most vulnerable as it closes in on its target of 15 million jabs. If you are in one of those groups, i would say please come forward i if you have not already got. An appointment to be jabbed, because the more people who get this jab, the safe everybody is. Meanwhile, leading british scientists warn vaccines must be made available to poorer countries in order to bring the pandemic under control. Former President Donald Trump is expected to be acquitted when senators vote on his second impeachment trial later today. Protests in myanmar enter their eighth day as the un passes a Resolution Denouncing the Military Coup and calling for the release of aung san suu kyi. Also, well be looking at the reason behind