Well report from the turkey syria border, and have analysis from our Turkish Service and washington. Also on outside source at least two people have been killed in whats being seen as an anti semitic attack in the german city of halle. It happened on yom kippur, the holiest day in the jewish calendar. And running street battles in ecuadors capital protestors are angry about the governments austerity policies, in particular a 100 increase in the cost of fuel turkey has begun an offensive in Northern Syria. Its seeking territory currently controlled by kurdish fighters who, until the start of this week, american troops had supported. But donald trump has pulled those troops out of Northern Syria and turkey, which sees the kurds as terrorists, is going in. President erdogan tweeted. We should be clear though the primary Group Holding the territoru turkey is atacking is the sdf which is kurdish led. Its not the the pkk which is based in turkey, and its not the ypg either. Also it was the sdf which was central to defeating is and had been armed and supported by america. They will not see these developments as a peace operation. Well, heres president erdogan speaking to his defence minister ahead of the turkish offensive on the kurdish Led Syrian Democratic forces known as the sdf. Hes calling this operation peace spring. He says he wants to create a safe zone south of the turkey syria border, where some Syrian Refugees in turkey can move to. Now, these are the latest pictures. This is the moment several hours ago that the operation began. Turkish jets headed for northeastern syria. This video shows explosions hitting a small compound on the syrian side of the border. There are also reports of turkish artillery hitting Kurdish Military bases and ammunition stores. Large convoys of buses carrying turkish troops have also been arriving along the border with syria. And this shows residents fleeing a Syrian Border town called ras al ain. In the last couple of hours the white house has released this statement sounding a little like a parent telling off a child. The United States does not endorse this attack and has made it clear no news on what its actually going to do about it. Next, heres International Correspondent orla guerin is in the turkish town of san liurfa near border. Well, we havejust left the border area, where we were able to see and hear the beginnings of that Turkish Military bombardment. And just across the border wall, we were able to see smoke rising from the kurdish town. That was from a turkish mortar. We heard about two rounds of artillery fire, and there was also incoming mortarfire from the kurdish side. Now, i should say that where those mortars were landing, we could see very clearly it was a residential area. We could see a high rise block that were clearly apartment blocks, and we know from the information thats coming out from inside syria that civilians are already, once again, having to flee. I mean, who knows how many times these people have had to pick up their bags and go. And while turkey is describing this operation as the springs of peace, certainly, i think for the syrians who are trapped on the other side, side, this is one more round of battle in what has been an agonisingly long war. Now this is simply the beginning. What we are seeing now is strikes taking place from the air. Turkey has made it clear though, this will also be a land assault. We expect to see that coming in the next few days, and there are grave warnings and concerns from the International Community about what this will mean in the humanitarian side of it, for all the refugees and syrians who are trapped there, but also that key question. Could it undo progress that has been made in the global battle against Islamic State . Lets take in detail on the territory in Northern Syria. This area marked in orange is currently controlled by the kurdish Led Syrian Democratic forces. Its played a leading role in the fight against the Islamic State group, but turkey sees it as a terrorist organisation because of its ties with the kurdish separatist pkk party which has carried out attacks inside turkey since the 805. The territory in red is held by syrias government while Syrian Rebels hold the area marked in yellow. Now turkey says it wants to create a 30km deep safe zone to secure its border with syria. It would for almost 500km. Heres president erdogans special adviser, ibrahim kuh lun. Establishing a safe zone by your own means and we do not foresee or want to have any confrontation with anybody there, so they had better pull out of this area and there is a President Trump decided after the phone call with our president last sunday. Tukey has made it clear that one of its objectives is to return some of the estimated 3. 6 million Syrian Refugees who fled the Syrian Civil War since it started in 2011. Heres mr kuh lun again explaining how this might work. We want to create conditions for them to go back to where they come from, to their own towns and villages. We are not going to force anybody to go anywhere they dont want to go. And we are not interested in changing the demographics in the east of the euphrates or any part of syria. In fact, it was pydypg that changed the demographics by occupying our villages and towns. In fact, by forcing other kurds who do not subscribe to pkjs ideology. Some of them fled to turkey, some had to go somewhere else inside syria, so we want to correct it, and make sure that they go back to their own villages and towns and cities, voluntarily and safely. On reuters britains foreign secretary dominic raab said on wednesday he had serious concerns about turkeys offensive in northeast syria. This risks destabilising the region, exacerbating humanitarian suffering, and undermining the progress made against daesh, which should be our collective focus, raab said in a statement. The british pushing back from this happening. The british pushing back from this happening. The kurdish Led Syrian Democratic forces or sdf has asked the us to help establish a no fly zone in the area to stop the attacks on innocent people. No sign of that happening. Kino gabriel is from the sdf and joined us from Northern Syria. Of course, since 4pm today, the Turkish Military started the military operation in order to occupy this part of syria. We have seen air strikes, and we have seen artillery shelling over several thousand villages on the border area, and in some occasions, found inside the area controlled by us. The towns and villages are mostly inhabited by civilians, and the most damage happens so far to civilian property, the towns and villages are mostly inhabited by civilians, and the most damage happens so far to civilian property, and the majority of the casualties, either killed or wounded, were also civilians. We had several civilians killed, including kurdish and syrian christians, and we have also seen more others that are wounded by those attacks made by turkey. Of course, if you allow me, i have listened to the programme, and i would like to say that this attack and this invasion and this operation made by turkey is completely against humanity, and it is completely against peace, and against democracy, and i think the best interest of turkey for this operation is to have a demographic change in the area. To strengthen its ties to our country. The war that has already been going for eight years. Sir, do you think it would be your intention to fight turkey if turkish troops arrive, will kurdish troops fight back, or will you cede the territory . Well, i think our response is going to apply for whatever situation is going to happen later, but we are almost sure that turkey is going to attempt to invade north and eastern syria, and sdf and Syrian Democratic forces, we are going to defend ourselves and defend ourfamilies and defend our people in the area here. The area here and basically the sdf is not only kurdish, ijust want to clarify that. The sdf is compliant, or is made of kurdish syrian christian fighters who are fighting together and living together during the last few years. But sir. Let me interrupt you a moment. Turkey says its carrying out this operation with the support of the Syrian Government. At the moment, you are in control of what is syrian territory. What is yourjustification for controlling a large section of an independent nation state like syria . Basically, we are notjust occupying this area, we are a part of it. It is our country. We are syrian citizens who have lived through this warand citizens who have lived through this war and have lived through different stages, starting with the regime and later the different radical and extreme groups and eventually with isis, we needed to protect and defend ourselves and ratified a lot of work to create the Syrian Democratic forces and managed to liberate syria from isis with the support of the international coalition. So it is not an area that we occupy. This, we are the people of this area and we are seeking democrats here and we are seeking a new society and system for our country and that is the system we are working on. There will be Many Americans watching this on bbc world news. What is your message, what is your emotions towards their government and their president this week . Basically, i cannot say we we re week . Basically, i cannot say we were disappointed by the Us Government regarding withdrawal groups from the border area. The United States and turkey and alongside the sdf agreed to a deal almost a month ago regarding the security of the area in the sdf is applied to the responsibilities regarding this agreement. Will come back to this turkish attack on Kurdish Forces in a little while law. Stay with us on outside source still to come. Two people are dead after a gunman targetted a synagogue in germany. The parents of 19 year old harry dunn, who was killed in a car crash involving the wife of a us diplomat, have met the foreign secretary dominic raab to discuss the case. The government has urged american officials to waive the diplomatic immunity granted to the suspect, anne sacoolas, who has since returned to the u s. The family is now preparing to take the case to washington. Harrys mum, charlotte charles, gave her reaction after the meeting. Just disgusted. Let down by both governments and i cant really see the point as to why we were invited to go and see dominic. We are no further forward than we were at the same last week. Part of me is feeling like he isjust a publicity stu nt. Feeling like he isjust a publicity stunt. On the uk governments side to show that they are trying to help. But although he is engaging with us, we have no answers. This is outside source live from the bbc newsroom. Our lead story is . Turkey has launched a ground offensive in Northern Syria, hours after its warplanes and artillery began hitting territory held by kurdish led forces. Some of the stories from Bbc World Service. The president of ecuador, lenin moreno, has defended the austerity measures that have provoked mass protests against his government. Tens of thousands of people from indigenous groups and trade unions have converged on the capital quito. Mr moreno told bbc mundo his decision to cut fuel subsidies was designed to benefit poor ecuadorans. Three scientists have been awarded the 2019 nobel prize in chemistry for their development of lithium ion batteries. John b goodenough, M Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino have all worked on the batteries over the years they power everything from mobile phones to laptops to electric cars. World service english. Italian mountain rescue have released these pictures of a plane, which was left dangling upside down after crashing into ski lift cables in the alps, on sunday. The incident happned in prato valentino. The pilot was thrown out of the plane but only suffered light injuries. The only passenger on board was unharmed. There are up to 35 Million People kurds living across the middle east. The areas marked orange are where youll find the biggest populations. The article on the bbc website on kurdish history is invaluable. It tells us, they make up the fourth Largest Ethnic Group in the middle east, but they have never obtained a permanent nation state. And turkeys conflict with the kurds goes back to modern turkeys creation in the 1920s. Up to 20 of the turkish population is kurdish. And in 1978, Abdullah Ocalan established the kurdistan workers party, known as the pkk. It called for an independent kurdish state within turkey. And six years later, 1984, the group began an armed struggle. This bbc interview from earlier is a good representation of the turkish governments view of the pkk. It is listed as a terrorist organisation in europe in the United States and the parts of the world. The pkk wants to create a state of their own and we cannot let that happen. These are, is a terrorist organisation that is been fighting against us, we cannot allow them or any other terrorist network that some kind of state structure right at our border. Ourfight is some kind of state structure right at our border. Our fight is against the terrorist, not against the group. The kurds. There are dr kalin said that the pkk is considered a Terror Organisation in europe and the us,and hes right. Web this is the European Unions list oof Terror Organisations and it includes the pkk. We know the conflict between the pkk and the turkish authorites has killed more than 40,000 people and hundreds of thousands displaced. In the 19905 the pkk did roll back its demand for independence instead demanding Greater Cultural and political autonomy. And it continued its fight. In 1999, Abdulla Ocalan was jailed and hes still in prison. And there was a ceasefire in 2013. But that collapsed in july 2015 after an Islamic State group attack in the kurdish town of suruc near the Syrian Border. The pkk accused the turkish authorities of complicity and attacked turkish soldiers and police. I have lots of questions but first of all for the relationship between the pkk and the turkish government, i suppose he did not improve after that moment thousand 15. Killa make no, after the Peace Process collapsed, it hasnt been like before doing the Peace Process during the months in 2015 and 16, there have been fears clashes in turkey Northern Syria and the existence of the military, they are closely linked to the pkk and the syrian Kurdish Forces. They are closely linked in the exists and the militants across these borders that cioss militants across these borders that cross them as a threat to security. There are closely linked to do they share a goal . Does the sdf and the pkk, do the all want the same thing . Wanting autonomy because from our sources, former diplomats, this is what is happening now here. I am waiting for a new dialogue between the Syrian Government and the syrian kurds there as well. The rather talk about ontology and independence is a step forward, but theyre not doing it. Talking to a new person just now, seeing them as rivals, working with Syrian Rebels in this great offensive has just started and those rebels are often against the president. Help us understand how those things fit together. It is a very complex tale, turkey was always opposing from the very beginning uprising against asads presence. Isis, seeing kurdish militants have been strong and significant ally to the us in the fight against isis. Some other sunni militant groups still fight against the president. But now, the main goal is, the used to bea but now, the main goal is, the used to be a presence there years ago during the bouts of government. So the turkish government accuses the syrian militants to change this demography and destabilising the social fabric of this region. Thank you, youre going to help us out as we work our way through this. Multilayered story, if you still have questions i would happen, the hashtag in the e mail or on the screen. We will move away from that. American Airlines Says it plans to restart flights of boeings troubled 737 maxjet injanuary. The plane has been grounded since march following two deadly crashes which killed almost 350 people. Vivienne nunis in new york. Has american got information that other airlines do not have . This is only a decision that American Airlines could make. It says it is in close talks with the Aviation Administration about the Software Update that they have been doing before it can be assessed as being safe to fly again. We are working a few more clues that they may be nearing the end of their Safety Assessment process