than 30,000 foreign students of cheating in the english a lot of cloud overhead with the language tests, required to obtain their visas. cloud producing one or two showers at times. predominately, it should be dry with some sunny glimpses and clear evidence of cheating was uncovered by the bbc‘s panorama crucially for the participants, a programme in 2014 — co mforta ble but there are claims the government crucially for the participants, a comfortable field. temperatures even went on to wrongly by the afternoon only up to 14 or 15 accuse many people. kathryn stanczyszyn reports. degrees. for the rest of the uk, one or two showers across north—west an instructor reads out the answers. the students dutifully write them down. in 2014, panorama found clear england, east wales and the evidence of this kind of cheating midlands. some showers continue across parts of eastern england through the day and cloud will be at two centres where foreign trying to bring patchy rain into students sit english language tests. northern ireland, west wales and the it's one of the assessments far south—west. in between, the winds much lighter than they were they need to pass in order to obtain a visa to study in the uk. during saturday so with the lighter winds and some sunshine, it is going to feel quite a warmer, temperatures topping out to 12 and i6 the then—home secretary theresa to feel quite a warmer, temperatures topping out to 12 and 16 degrees will stop as we go through sunday may said it would be evening into the night, the cloud urgently looked into. and patchy raid will try to move but we have done a lot over the last it won't get much further than northern ireland, western wales, three and a half years. evan and connell. elsewhere, fog we have rooted out abuse, the number of student visas has gone patches are starting to develop full down and the amount of abuse has stop — make devon and cornwall. gone down, but it's clear people are finding other temperatures will dip away across ways around the system. following panorama's investigation, eastern areas. some spots could even the home office ordered checks on more than 58,000 oral tests see a touch of frost. high—pressure taken between 2011—2014. very much in charge of the scene as it concluded that 3a,000 people had we get into monday morning. not many cheated and said other white lines on this chart, not many isobars, that's why we will see mist results were questionable. and fog patches. systems trying to put in from the west but at this the government then cancelled 36,000 stage, making very little progress student visas and more than 1,000 was up most of us dry during monday. people were removed from the uk. early fog will tend to clear and we will see sunny spells. always more clouds as they will try to put into now the national audit office is investigating whether people northern ireland, west wales in the like fatima were treated unfairly. far south—west. most places will be drivers of best of the sunshine up she had her student visa revoked into scotland where temperatures but denies doing anything wrong. would get up to 18 or 19 or even up she says she's not allowed to work and has been left in limbo. to 20 degrees. plenty of dry weather oh, my life is actually in the outlook for the week ahead but always the potential for some damaged, it's broken now. rain at times, especially in the whatever i'm doing is just staying north and west. in the home and counting my time, hoping that one day everything will be sorted, and i will live my life again. at the time, the conservative government had made very public its aim to reduce immigration numbers, something critics claim may have played a part. those students were not even treated like criminals — criminals would have a better chance to defend themselves because you would have to present them with evidence. this is directly linked, we believe, with this effort to attempt to reduce the number of migrants at any cost, and those students were caught in this. the home office insists its investigation revealed systemic and organised fraud and points out that 25 people have since received criminal convictions. the national audit office says it will now review the government's response to fraud in the student visa system. the home office says it's already cooperating and continues to welcome genuine international students. kathryn stanczyszyn, bbc news. welcome to bbc news — broadcasting to viewers in north america and around the globe. my name is reged ahmad. our top stories: a shooting at a synagogue in california leaves one person dead and several injured. now on bbc news — with toxic police say a man has been arrested. water in the southern iraqi city of basra causing tens of thousands of people to fall sick as the officer was placing this last summer, martin patience 19—year—old male into custody, investigates iraq's environmental he clearly saw a rifle catastrophe. sitting on the front passenger's seat of the suspect vehicle. 0ngoing security fears across sri lanka, as church services are cancelled a week after the easter sunday last summer, a city fell sick. bombings. cyclone kenneth has ‘entirely the streets of basra wiped out‘ some villages in mozambique — according to the un. erupted in anger. thousands are living the cause? in makeshift shelters. the city's water supply. the most comprehensive assessment yet undertaken on the state of nature: a toxic cocktail that is a new report says a million poisoning the people. species face extinction. this is cancer. if we don't fix this, this cancer will spread. we are on a journey from the mountains of northern iraq to the southern marshes to investigate the country's environmental catastrophe and understand how the city of basra has become the country's drain, the centre of the crisis, where all the filth ends up. a little over 15 years ago, none of this existed. the marshes had been drained but in 2003, they were brought back to life. the threats now are very different — they're pollution, a lack of water as well as climate change. if people keep dumping raw sewerage, poisons, toxins... of course, of course, it is catastrophic. 0urjourney to trace the roots of this crisis begins in the mountains of northern iraq, a lunar landscape that brings to life the rest of the country. the rainfall from here feeds iraq's two great rivers, the tigris and the euphrates. they gave rise to mesopotamia, the land between the rivers, home to one of the earliest civilisations, now modern—day iraq. the water up here is at its most pristine. untouched, you can drink it straight from the streams. but almost as soon as it runs off the mountains, it becomes contaminated. this is the rubbish dump for sulaymaniyah, one of the biggest cities in northern iraq, and everything gets dumped here. this is just one of the most extraordinary things i've ever seen. it's a mountain of rubbish and it looks like part of the landscape, and that's the point. all of this is leaching into the river. the problem may start here but the consequences of it are really being felt downstream. our guide, nabil, grew up here. he worked as a forklift driver overseas but the beauty of iraq brought him home. now he's an environmental activist, dedicated to cleaning up the country's waterways and he says iraqis need to wake up to the nightmare they've created. this is cancer. if we don't solve, if we don't fix this, this cancer will spread, obviously. you can see this is sliding down and going into our life, which is our drinking water, so it's going to affect our food, our children, our fish and creatures, insects, bugs, everything, so the cancer will spread so we need to kill this cancer, yes. if i was to fall into that, would i survive? no. you will be lucky if you survive. this is the deadliest liquid, this is pure litter and we've been dumping oils for the last 10 years, and of course, the garbage going to the oils plus the litter, sulphur, asphalt, heavy metals, everything in this. pure poison. yes, this is pure contamination and it's pure poison. but it's notjust the quality of iraq's water, it's the quantity as too. dozens of dams have been built across the region. iraq depends on its neighbours for 70% of its supply, but now only gets half the water it once did. the dukan lake, a massive reservoir, contains iraq's most precious resource, but in a breathtaking boat ride, nabil shows me how it's being squandered. what's this place called? "tang—i bukozawa." "bride and groom's gorge." this is very famous place. people they come here just for visit selfie, and they go back. this is a selfie spot, because it's so beautiful? yes. but then you see this. itjust makes it very sad. sulaymaniyah, this is what we drink, this is our drinking water. it takes us 10 minutes and people don't see this place, they think we have the dukan lake reservoir, it's beautiful, clean, but wait a minute, if you go deep to the dead end, this is a dead end, you will see the reality. well, we are finally free from the sludge. not 100%. we have some more... there is more up ahead, sadly. the beating heart of the country is the capital, baghdad. it's the next stop on ourjourney. for almost a0 years, iraqi has been consumed by war. it's the only thing it's planned for. but baghdad is rapidly growing. its population is expected to swell to 10 million people. this is just lovely, wandering through one of the most famous streets in baghdad and to think, a decade ago, this would have simply been unimaginable. the security situation was so out of control, but it's a sign, i suppose of, how much this country has changed since then. the city's infrastructure was built decades ago and it can no longer cope. so baghdad dumps all of its raw sewerage into the river, flushing the problem downstream. but nature is no longer so forgiving. how high did this river used to be? is the level the same as it was in the past? no, no, it's not the same level. you can see the edge over there. it used to be that high. so it would be covering those reeds way above us? yes, yes, exactly. and now there's just less water. yes, much less. and it never gets that high again. what does this river mean to you? i think this river is the main source of life because, you know, civilisations started in here, one of the biggest civilisations of humans started here, so this is something meaningfulfor me. it's very precious. it's precious. well, this is the historic city of baghdad, home to more than 8 million people. and the lifeblood of this city is the tigris river. but as you move down it, the more polluted the tigris becomes. it's almost as if iraq is poisoning itself. it's nearly 500km from baghdad to the city of basra. it's home to the country's main port and once fertile farmland. but now, it's hard to find fresh water here. and the rising salinity of the water is having a crippling effect on the city. this was basra last summer when the city erupted in anger. protesters were furious about corruption, unemployment and poisoned water. gunfire the authorities cracked down hard. more than a dozen demonstrators were killed. basra was a broken city. this one—day protester cursed the city's leaders as the scum of the earth. a city once known as the venice of the east had become a vision of hell. its canals, a symbol of corruption and dysfunction. the sweltering summer heat, turning this into a toxic stew. tens of thousands were rushed to the city's hospital, suffering from stomach cramps and serious diarrhoea. doctors and nurses were overwhelmed. the city had never seen a health crisis on this scale. it was basra's slums that were worse hit. people here live in toxic filth, and have limited access to clean drinking water. i meet rima, a housewife. she shows me the family's water source. rima's ten children all fell sick. several of them spent two weeks in hospitals. was the whole neighbourhood sick? basra should be a wealthy city. it sits on top of most of iraq's oil. it is also where country's two great rivers converge. this is the shatt al—arab and the big problem last summer is there simply wasn't enough water coming down the river, and that is incredibly important to flush this system because what you have is the river fighting the sea. the sea is pushing up in the opposite direction and it faces resistance from the river. well, last summer, it was the sea that won the battle, and the water became incredibly salty and that is a real problem because this is the main water source for the city of basra. and if that was not bad enough, basra dumps all its raw sewerage into the river. it was sitting here, stagnating in the summer heat. i went to meetjamal al—adili who has responsibility for the country's water resources. we have made a lot of tests — a lot of tests. there are some traces of heavy metals which should not be in the water but i do not think it is the cause, the real cause. it is the mixture of sewerage water in the shatt al—arab, and sea water and the scarcity of pure water, all this together which make this water not suitable for human consumption. if people keep dumping raw sewerage, poisons, toxins... of course, it is catastrophic. the augmentation and the increase of population, of course, the increase of use of water and the increase of sewerage, this will destroy everything. it will destroy everything? of course, of course, it will destroy the quality of water they need to drink and to supply everything they need. the government says it is investing in water treatment projects to prevent a repeat of last summer's crisis, but iraq can't do it on its own, and that's because most of its water comes from neighbouring countries, including iran. what's really interesting is we've been meeting a lot of officials and they have been incredibly open and informative, but as soon as we mention the word "iran" they suddenly clam up, they don't want to go there, they don't want to talk about that issue, and i think that's a sign of how much iranian influence there is in the city, but several of those officials told us that iran is the source of some of the pollution that goes into this river behind me. last summer was a glimpse of how a state can shatter when it fails to provide even the most basic of services. the governor's office in basra were set on fire by protesters. this is a city plagued by corruption and shia militias. one of the protest leaders says that is killing basra. what do you want from the government? iraq sits on fabulous wealth but basra has not seen any of it and nor have the arab marshes, a world heritage site larger than many arab countries. and we're off, we're just leaving the main town in the marshes and we're heading out into the central waters. i'm excited. i'm very, very excited. it's a place of shimmering beauty that stretches for as far as the eye can see. the miracle in the desert, only made possible by the country's two great rivers which flood this plane. it is little wonder then that some believe this was the original garden of eden. this road was built in the 1990s by saddam hussein when there was an uprising in the marshes and he crushed that rebellion and, in order to punish the people here, he drained all of the marshes. the people may have returned but life remains tough here. families depend upon the marshes but there have been three droughts in a decade. and last year, the wetlands shrunk to a quarter of their original size. there simply wasn't enough fresh water. and for the buffalo, that was a killer. and if they can't survive then neither can the community. these animals provide milk, meat and money. karim al—bahar has been rearing buffalo all his life but last summer he lost 20 of his animals. without water, what is the future here? is there a future? life is fragile here and what happens to these wetlands will have consequences for the rest of iraqi. jassim has dedicated his life to the marshes, he's the guardian of these waters. a little over 15 years ago, none of this existed, the marshes had been drained but in 2003 they were brought back to life. the threats now are very different — the pollution, a lack of water as well as climate change. the marshes have survived for millennia but they may not last much longer. like iraq itself, they are facing their gravest threat yet. last summer was a warning to the country that the rivers that created these extraordinary wetlands are under assault. and unless iraq gets to grips with its water crisis, millions could be forced to move 00:24:50,026 --> 2147483051:49:09,729 and away of life could 2147483051:49:09,729 --> 4294966103:13:29,430 be wiped out forever.

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