welcome to bbc newsroom live. the home secretary has said he will do everything in his power to prevent the return of a teenage girl from east london who ran away to syria, to join the islamic state group. sajid javid says if 19—year—old shamima begum does comes back to the uk, she could be prosecuted. her family has appealed for compassion, saying she was very young when she made the decision to leave four years ago. ben ando reports. there are nearly 40,000 in this camp. more arrive each day, as their dreams of an islamic state caliphate crumble. among them, shamima begum from bethnal green. now 19, and nine months pregnant with her third child, she says she has no regrets about what she did and what she saw. shamima and two friends left the uk in 2015. one is now dead, the other missing, but the home secretary doesn't want her back. he told the times newspaper... shamima is not alone. the government estimates that 900 people travelled from the uk to engage in conflict in syria and iraq. around 180, or one in five, are known to have been killed, while twice that number 360, have already returned to the uk, with the same number still unaccounted for. and if shamima is one of those who makes it back, she can expect to be questioned and possibly prosecuted. but will she lose her british citizenship? her family are asking for compassion, but some are urging the authorities to take a harder line, saying that actions should have consequences. let's speak to our correspondent richard galpin. difficult choices and complex decision—making. difficult choices and complex decision-making. yes, absolutely. the government has set out its stall saying they want to stop her coming back to the uk. they are talking about different options, one is to simply cancel her passport, another tougher measure would be to strip of her nationality. and the third option is this temporary ban, whereby she would not be able to come into this country until she has agreed to be investigated and monitored, and to enter into a programme for de—radicalisation. those options seem to be out there, but nothing that has been concluded as far as we know. there are questions about this, because under international law i think you cannot render a citizen stateless. yes, how can they keep out other than the temporary order! ? they think they have a workaround to that, particularly if they can establish there is any sense of a dual national, you can strip them of one of those nationalities. that is what they are looking out at the moment. and questions around her unborn child, whether it would be useful to be able to question her and reverse engineer the thinking that goes into this kind of radicalisation. some people are saying the incentives are more complex than the government is presenting. yes, but obviously she could be questioned, intelligence could be questioned, intelligence could be questioned, intelligence could be gleaned from her outside of britain. that would not have to be donein britain. that would not have to be done in britain. for example it could be done in turkey if she gets to one of the consulates in that country. that could all take place outside of britain. what about the unborn child? is an issue around the rights of the child? absolutely, yes. if she came back to the uk, one thought is that if necessary that child could become a ward of court and could then be placed in care and looked after by another family. and could then be placed in care and looked after by another familym this case an isolated one, the only one like this we will see? 0r this case an isolated one, the only one like this we will see? or as the noose tightens around those last is enclaves in north—east syria, will we see more? as we know, tens of thousands of people have appeared, gone to this camp in north—eastern syria. a very significant number of those people are foreigners from all sorts of different countries, obviously including some from britain. it is likely that more people will appear in the coming days. donald trump is expected to declare a national emergency in order to secure funding for his border wall with mexico, after months of failed negotiations with democrats. by declaring a national emergency, the president can bypass congress to access billions of dollars in funding for the project. critics say the move is unlawful and an abuse of presidential power. 0ur washington correspondent chris buckler has more. we are going to build a wall. we have to build a wall. the long border that divides the us and mexico is at the centre of america's own political divide. building a huge barrier here has become more than a priority for president trump, it's become a point of principle. yet after all his threats that he wouldn't accept any funding bill that didn't include more than $5 billion for his long promised wall, he's had to accept a congressional compromise. i've just had an opportunity to speak with president trump and he, i would say to all my colleagues, has indicated he's prepared to sign the bill. he will also be issuing a national emergency declaration at the same time. this week, president trump held a rally beside the border in texas, where he again made a pledge to supporters that he would build the wall. declaring a national emergency could allow him to use money from other funds, but his plan is likely to face challenges in court. did i say i was filing a legal challenge? reporter: you said democrats... i may, that's an option, and we'll review our options, but it's important to note that when the president declares this emergency, first of all, it's not an emergency. the trump administration immigration policy has led to many protests, and many will be waiting to see if the president finds the billions of dollars he needs. it is not he is looking at military project and even disaster relief funds. mr trump once promised mexico would pay for the wall, then he turned to congress. now he's relying on his own presidential powers, but in building physical barriers, he knows he faces political ones. chris buckler, bbc news, washington. earlier this morning, cbs correspondent marc liverman spoke about reaction to the announcement. it's getting some pushback. 0ther people are praising the move. it depends who you ask. democrats are expected to challenge the order. some republicans even oppose the move, they are concerned about the precedent it could set for a future democratic president. some attorney general say they may go to court to block any declaration of a national emergency on the southern border. 0ne emergency on the southern border. one has written that any border crisis is of the presidentmy own making, and "we will do what we must hold them accountable. " making, and "we will do what we must hold them accountable." his counterpart in washington state said that if president trump's declaration depletes federal if you will take steps to block this unlawful action. on twitter a puerto rico governor told the president, we will see you in court, if he goes through with the declaration. in less tha n through with the declaration. in less than a day since the president has made this declaration there is already a lot of pushback. joining me now is aamer anwar he is a criminal defence lawyer, and he represented the family of aqsa mahmood who left in 2013 to go to syria. thanks forjoining us. now, this case. the british government say actions have consequences, hence the decision not to let shamima begum come back. is this a decision you agree with? i don't think they have said not to let a comeback, what they have said as they will not risk they have said as they will not risk the lives of british civil servants to travel out to syria at the risk to travel out to syria at the risk to their own life to try to bring her back. if she reaches a british consulate or embassy in turkey then she will be allowed to come back because britain of course is signatory to national international obligations, she is a british citizen, the decision remains, at the end of the day when there has been such hysteria, quite rightly, about the actions of isis, which has murdered hundreds of thousands of individuals, subjecting them to rape and persecution, why is it that we would want british citizens to remain in countries like syria, iraq, turkey? we have an obligation to bring them back. if they have broken the law they must be investigated, they should be prosecuted and they should be sent to jail. secondly to that, there is a pressing matter which is this individual was 15 years old at the time to stop she was groomed, she was radicalised. there were individuals within this country who we have seen and heard very little about from the security services, about from the security services, about who these individuals where that facilitated that, who i regard as serious organised criminals. they use religion as a front, but the fa ct use religion as a front, but the fact is they facilitated the trafficking of these young girls to syria. and those people, information and that should be provided to the security service and to police by these individuals who return back to this country. on whether the home secretary will try to prevent her from coming back, he has said, if you have supported terrorist organisations abroad, i will not hesitate to prevent your return. he has temporary exclusion orders, presumably you agree he can use those to prevent her return for a time? absolutely we have them, but they have been used few and far between. at the end of the day, shamima begum is an individual. i do not defend her conduct, it is abhorrent, some of the statements we have heard in recent days, seems to be dismissive or supportive of is, so one can understand concerns for public safety, that should be paramount. but the situation remains that she is an individual who at the age of 15 was trafficked to syria. she had two children who have died, and she is about to have another child, and she is a british citizen. we have international obligations. the question is first of all whether she was involved in any terrorist action, whether she poses any threat, but we have seen in recent times individuals return to this country. and the matter remains that yes, ican country. and the matter remains that yes, i can see the home secretary and others in the government pontificating in public, but they also know that their hands are tied pretty much in terms of international laws. you have said she was a 15—year—old who was groomed. if she supported a terrorist organisation, or if an individual supported a terrorist organisation, is it mitigation that they were groomed if at the age of 19 they are saying that they were unfazed to see severed heads and bins, that they have no regrets and feel no remorse? it would be mitigation, but that mitigation is at the end of a court process when somebody is prosecuted, and evidence is found against them beyond reasonable doubt and they are sent to prison, or whatever thejudge in that case decides, then mitigation would be something that a lawyer would be something that a lawyer would say there is background that she was trafficked, she was a vulnerable child who went across. if we re m ove vulnerable child who went across. if we remove the word is, and imagine she was somebody who was groomed and sent a cross by sex traffickers and married off to somebody underage, then that would be seen as statutory rape. it would be seen as sexual abuse. but if that person remained in the custody of those individuals forfour in the custody of those individuals for four or five in the custody of those individuals forfour orfive years, in the custody of those individuals for four or five years, one could imagine the process that has on brainwashing, radicalising, which is what has happened with is here. but the situation remained, she is an adult, is is a prescribed organisation in this country, and if she claims she is a member then she should face the full weight of the law. but the position remains, if we really care about the atrocities that 15 really care about the atrocities that is have carried out, if we really care about the impact of these individuals in society in syria and iraq that have been torn to pieces, then we have an obligation to ensure that rogue individuals, british citizens, are not allowed to remain in refugee camps and in these countries but are brought back to this country and we meet our obligations. in your first a nswer meet our obligations. in your first answer you talked about serious organised criminals who were involved in radicalising and trafficking these teenage girls. do you feel not enough is being done to identify those people and prosecute them? absolutely. we have seen only a handful of prosecutions of these individuals, and whilst we have on one level security services repeatedly saying that hundreds if not thousands of individuals have travelled from this country to join is, the? remains, if they know who these individuals are, they have the numbers, the question remains, if you are a 15 or 16—year—old, you are able to... somebody is providing you money, somebody is radicalising you and talking to you, whether it takes six months or a year, and then getting you over to turkey, and then over to syria. who are these individuals? the concern should be this. if these people are returning to this country, and today is is hopefully coming to an end, but tomorrow it will be perhaps another organisation, and the question remains, who are these individuals operating in the shadows? it is all very well to be screaming hysterically about returning so—called jihad he writes, yet no questions over who took them their? who put them there? and is another question which is never really been a nswered question which is never really been answered by the british government or security services. when we have a heightened state of alert over the last three years at airports, where we see people young and old white, black, asian, muslim, everybody being checked, security services at the airport, high alert, cameras, cctv. how was it possible for three young girls, unaccompanied, underage, wearing headscarves, to be able to leave to go to turkey, a well—known staging post into syria, why would they not stopped? there's never been any answers to that. all theseissues never been any answers to that. all these issues do require to be looked at before the government pontificates in public about this individual. different communities, i wa nt to individual. different communities, i want to ask you different perspectives on this. there are criticisms from some people in the muslim community is saying that the home secretary is tougher on an ethnic minority muslim that he might be on ethnic minority muslim that he might beona ethnic minority muslim that he might be on a teenage white girl. do you think there is an element of truth in that? when you talk about communities, i think there is a difficulty here because for media commentators, no disrespect, they often talk about the muslim community as homogenous. are you talking about bengali, pakistani, ? everybody has different points of view on the society. i have seen many people in the bosom community in glasgow who are vociferous in their condemnation and saying she should not be returned, and yet you see white people saying she should be allowed to return. there are different and varying views. the home secretary, that is properly valid, because in a conservative party that has been criticised from within by baroness basi about islamophobia and racism, repeatedly, is probably likely to be tougher or seem to be tougher on the muslim community. but that's neither here nor there. the question is the rule of law must abide. we have international obligations, and we area international obligations, and we are a civilised society, and we have to put aside the hysterical reaction is that we see and deal with this on a compassionate basis, whether we like this individual or not. the test of a civilised and democratic society is how we treat our vulnerable, a week, and also those who are despised. which means those individuals who may be prosecuted and may be sent to prison, such as shamima begum. theresa may is pushing ahead with her brexit strategy, despite another commons defeat and signs of worsening rifts within the conservative party. last night, a vote on the government's plan to secure a better dealfrom the eu was defeated by 303 to 258 — a majority of 45 against the government. 0ur political correspondent iain watson is in westminster this morning. a hack up? that what andrea leadsom said. people from the european research group have said it is a storm in a teacup. i'm not entirely sure it is. last night's vote is non—binding on the government. theresa may is going back to brussels in the next few days, and she'll be doing what she has been, which is trying to get changes to the northern ireland backstop, arrangements for avoiding a heart border in northern ireland. to get some legally binding assurance of this would be temporary or could be replaced with alternative arrangements. she is planning on. nonetheless, what brussels has asked for if they are going to make concessions is some kind of guarantee that anything they give would get through parliament, that she would be able to get a deal passed parliament. and it was a large section of her own party, around 60 members of the european research group, brexiteers, who were largely responsible for her defeat. andrea leadsom was putting on a brave face, i asked if this had weakened the prime minister's hand in brussels, and andrea leadsom said at least initially, no. the point is that the abstentions on our side we re that the abstentions on our side were because colleagues felt that in supporting the motion it might imply that they agreed with taking no deal off the table, and they weren't prepared to do that, understandable reasons. has the strength and to hand in brussels? it hasn't strengthened it, but it hasn't change the fact, parliament indicated two weeks ago what it would support, and that is legally binding changes to the backstop that enable us to get the deal through parliament. andrea leadsom saying this has not strengthened the prime minister's hand in negotiations with brussels, and what it may also have done is created a backlash against the european research group, against these brexiteers from government ministers, some of them threatening to resign if there is no revised deal, trying to force the prime minister's and. some of them have been particularly outspoken in their criticisms, some of them have been coming infora criticisms, some of them have been coming in for a tongue lashing from the business minister who has been saying that these people are treacherous, and perhaps they should leave the conservative party and join nigel farage's new brexit party. 0thers join nigel farage's new brexit party. others have been more restrained in their criticism but are making it clear that they want to ensure britain leaves the european union with a deal. what they are saying implicitly is that they are saying implicitly is that they are saying implicitly is that they are prepared to leave office if that's what it takes to get it. what about amber rudd? somebody who had complained to remain during the referendum. she was asked about her intentions this morning. are the eog traitors? certainly not. do you plan to withdraw the end of the month? i plan to work with the prime minister and all my colleagues. so let's see what will happen, even if there is no revised deal, on the 27th of april there will be an attempt to force the prime minster to delay departure. —— 27th of february. the prime minister will have to hope she has a revised deal from brussels that you can put to parliament soon. retail sales rose by 1% last month, after falling in december, with discounts in clothing helping to boost sales. compared with the same period last year, retail sales were 4.2% higher. the figures beat most economists' expectations. i'm joined by our business correspondent vishala sri—pathma. a surprise. it is a surprise. the main drive has been higher clothes and food sales. hard to find any shopin and food sales. hard to find any shop in high street that doesn't have a sales rack. january i could mount for sales as well. food sales are interesting. you don't hear much about higher food sales, but a lot of a nalysts about higher food sales, but a lot of analysts have said this is pre—brexit, people are stockpiling. i'm not sure about that completely, but it is interesting to see that inflation is lower as well. people are going to feel richer because of that compared to a couple of years ago. your pound is going a little bit further. any predictions for the future? it's hard to know, an increase from the previous month, if this is a trend we will see a pick—up in the next few months in the lead up to brexit. if sales was a driving force we will see sales throughout the year, it is no longer the case of just throughout the year, it is no longer the case ofjust having it during the case ofjust having it during the january period. interesting to see if it will sustain. and where that leaves us with the brexit conversation, we have heard a lot of business, we heard from the royal bank of scotland today talking about people holding off from investment decisions. are the food and clothing retailers more relaxed about the prospect of this nail—biting end to the brexit debate? lots of analysts have been talking today about how these retailers have said, business as usual, let's just get on with it and see how we can attract more customers. you hear from and see how we can attract more customers. you hearfrom lots of different businesses on brexit. but on the retail side of things it has been online that is the main challenge. brexit concerns have not really been the headline factor. spain's prime minister, pedro sanchez, has announced snap elections will take place in april. the move had been expected, after his minority socialist administration failed to get its budget through parliament on wednesday. it will be spain's third general election in five years. let's get more on this from madrid and our reporter guy hedgecoe. no surprise, but still losing a lot of governments in spain. yes, the calling of this election reflects how turbulence the political situation is at the moment, and how difficult it has been for pedro sanchez and his socialists to govern with a minority government. we have needed the support of several parties, parties and the left but also pro—independence catalan parties, and it was withdrawal of support of those independence cata la n support of those independence catalan parties on the budget that eventually led to the end of the sanchez government. meaning he had to call these elections. and this is all of the back of those very dramatic separatist catalan separatist trials. yes, the trial of 12 catalan independence leaders began in the supreme court this week, on tuesday. a trial that is expected to last three months or thereabouts. that has only added an extra element of tension to the political situation at the moment. and tension to relations between madrid and catalonia. that didn't help when it came to mr sanchez trying to get his budget through congress. it made it that much more difficult for him to get the support of pro—independence parties. therefore we have arrived at this situation. it is only the second time in modern spanish history that a budget bill has not managed to get through congress and has led to the calling of elections. so turbulence, huge divisions over the catalan issue and those trials, what will the election be fought on? again, it is hard to see anything below and beyond the catalan territorial issue which has so dominated spanish politics for the last year, year and a half. parties on the left might wa nt to a half. parties on the left might want to look at other issues, they might want to look at the economy which has been performing relatively well, or other social issues, which has been performing relatively well, or othersocial issues, issues of equality for women and so on. but the political right in particular will focus very much on catalonia, demand a much tougher stance against the catalan government and the cata la n the catalan government and the catalan independence movement, and it's likely that will dominate this upcoming campaign. now let's get the weather. lots more sunshine to come, almost uk wide. a bit more cloud along northern ireland and the west of scotland, that will introduce splashes of rain, butfor that will introduce splashes of rain, but for most, sunny skies force of the breeze strongest in the north and west. that southerly breeze will boost temperatures widely. some spots could hit around 16. well above where we should be for the time of year. tonight, more cloud around. persistent rain in the north and west of scotland. a few isolated showers for england and wales but largely dry. not quite as chilly tonight, most of you will start the weekend frost free. the mild airwill start the weekend frost free. the mild air will dominate over the weekend, breezy at times, but while some rain is on the forecast, most places will stay largely dry. hello, this is bbc newsroom live. the headlines. the home secretary says he will do everything in his power to prevent the return of shamima begum , the british teenager who fled to syria to join the islamic state group. president trump says he'll declare a national emergency to secure funding for his border wall with mexico. the democrats accuse him of an abuse of power. uk retail sales bounced back injanuary, rising by 1% on the previous monthwith discounts on clothing helping to boost sales. pupils are walking out of their classrooms to demand more action on climate change. the award—winning author, andrea levy, whose works include the bestseller small island, has died at the age of sixty—two. and coming up, an upgrade for the machines which first detected gravitational waves. the new instruments will be able to sense collisions of black holes nearly twice as far away. sport now, here's hugh ferris. good morning. alexandre lacazette has apologised after being sent off during arsenal's europa league last 32 defeat in belarus. the french striker was shown a red card for elbowing one of the bate borisov players and admitted that he let the team down. arsenal went behind just before half—time. stanislav dragun's header proving to be the only goal in the game. and lacazette will now miss the second leg at the emirates next thursday because of this incident five minutes from time. he says he should have stayed calm. i didn't see the action but we spoke about the frustration we need to control. and it is bad news, this red card, the next week we were going to play with him. chelsea boss maurizio sarri wants his team to be a bit more consistent after their 2—1 victory in malmo. they'd lost 4—0 and 6—0 either side of a 5—0 win in their last three games. 0livier giroud got what proved the crucial goal in their first leg in sweden. i think ithink in i think in the mental condition, to be able to approach every match with the same level of determination and application and attention, you know very well that if you are a bad mental condition in england, in ten days, 15 days, you can lose three, four very important matches. celtic perhaps have the toughestjob to reach the last 16 of the europa league. they lost their first leg 2—0 to valencia at home because of what boss brendan rodgers called basic mistakes. the second legs are all next week. the melbourne renegades are chasing 181 to reach the final of australia's big bash league. they're playing the sydney sixers who batted first. finishing on 180—3 with england batsman james vince scoring 28 from 2a balls before being dismissed by a slower ball from another english player harry gurney. who finished with figures of one for 36 from his four overs. the renegades are 1110—6. 41 is needed off 21 balls. the winners will play melbourne stars in the final. england'sjodie ewart shadoff has slipped down the leaderboard after two rounds of the lpga australian open. she had a share of the lead going into today's round in adelaide but could only manage a 73 to leave her on six under par. four off the pace. bronte law a further shot back. the lead is still held by taiwan's wei—ling hsu who's on ten under alongside madelene sagstrom of sweden. they have a three shot advantage. racing has returned after an outbreak of equine flu but the sport's been warned it might not be out of the woods yet after the six day shutdown that followed a number of positive tests. the bbc has learned that eight times as many flu cases have been reported among uk horses in the first six weeks of 2019 as in the whole of last year. and a leading expert has called the virus the quickest spreading he's seen. with the concern that the highly contagious disease might hit the breeding season which started yesterday. british 0lympian brad hall is appealing for public help to raise £6,000 so he can hire a two—man bobsleigh for next month s world championships in canada because without it he says the team has won't be able to challenge for a medal. sport have withdrawn funding for gb bobsleigh and to have a chance of winning it back in time for beijing in 2022 hall needs to do well in whistler. he's been piloting borrowed and old sleds in recent competitions. including one in germany when they secured their best result in 13 years. it's massively important. if we don't have it, we really don't stand a chance. it's likely lewis hamilton driving a peugeot 106 in the f1. so we need the equipment, we got the start, we've got the drive, it's just the equipment‘s the last piece of the puzzle to really get us on that podium. that's all the sport for now. i'll have more for you in the next hour. the prisons minister says there are early signs of reduced violence in ten of england's worst—affected prisons. last year, rory stewart promised to resign if he was unable to tackle the problem. but mr stewart has also warned some prisons such as nottingham continue to cause serious concern. our home affairs correspondent, danny shaw, has been to visit. 0k, guys, we're going to do a routine cell search this afternoon... the value of experience. these senior prison officers have been brought in to hmp nottingham to guide newer members of staff. more than half of those working here have less than two years' service. they need help to carry out basic duties, like searching cells for drugs and weapons. pay attention to things like that, slits like that. yeah, i've just had a look in the slit. you can't prepare for a job like this — the noise, the smell. when you come into contact with somebody that is threatening to take their own life or attempting to take their own life, that's probably the scariest, most daunting situation i have found myself in. and to have that experience there to reassure me and the prisoner was really beneficial. but drugs are still being smuggled in. this harry potter book had been sprayed with a psychoactive substance similar to the synthetic cannabis spice. new scanning equipment will help detect drugs. they remain a cause of instability and violence. the prison is fundamentally still unsafe and that remains a challenge for us. every day there's an assault on my colleagues and on other prisoners, that's regretful, but it is getting safer. nottingham is one of ten prisons that are getting investment and support to cut violence. that are getting investment i wouldn't have committed to going into those ten prisons and committed to reducing violence and drugs and i wouldn't have put myjob on the line unless i was confident we can do it, but it is worth putting in context that, in those ten prisons, violence has been rising steadily month on month for five years, so turning that around and bringing it down is going to be a challenge. that's certainly the case here, despite the commitment and dedication of the staff. the author andrea levy — whose work includes the award—winning novel small island — has died of cancer at the age of 62. her writing chronicled the lives of the windrush generation and encapsulated for many what it meant to be black and british after the second world war. 0ur arts correspondent david sillito looks back at her life. arrivals of children. the empire windrush brings to britain 500 jamaicans. many are ex—servicemen who know england... in 19a8, andrea levy's father arrived on the empire windrush. it was the inspiration for her novel that charted with wit and compassion the hopes and struggles of a generation, small island. you think your white skin make you better than me, don't you? we both finished fighting a war for a better world, we was on the same side. when it first came out, i said to be such publishers, "just give me a basket, i'll take them door—to—door." i really thought nobody was going to be interested. in 2005, it won whitbread book of the year. small island by andrea levy. andrea leavy had grown up in london and in her 30s began to write. much of her work driven by her own curiosity about where she had come from, a story that eventually took her back to britain's role in the caribbean slave trade. for every one slave that went to america, 12 went to the caribbean. it was massive, it was massive. i have seen books on british history that don't mention slavery. and you just sort of... it beggars belief. me here. i've finished the dress. the character she created was a house slave who bears a child to an estate master. and then, later, she found that that was the story of her own great—great—grandmother. andrea levy's life and work was rooted in the story of two small, intertwined islands, britain and jamaica. let them say what they like, because i am the bustard child of empire and i will have my day. the author andrea levy who has died at the age of 62. a new report says five times more babies die as a result of conflicts around the world, than do soldiers. the study by the charity, save the children, says in the past five years, half a million infants have been killed through starvation, disease and lack of medical care arising from war. that's more than 300 a day on average. hip and knee replacements could last much longer than originally thought, according to a new study. nhs advice suggestss patients will usually get 15 years from them, but researchers from bristol university found 80% of knee replacements and nearly 60% of hip replacements last much longer than that. short bursts of high intensity exercise are better for weight loss than longer sessions in the gym, according to new research. a study by the britishjournal of sports medicine suggests interval training — which involves alternating high—intensity and low—intensity effort — can result in more weight loss than a work—out with moderate intensity throughout. schoolchildren across the country have walked out of their classrooms today to demand more action on climate change. the organisers, youth strike for climate, say the protests are taking place in 60 towns and cities, from cornwall to the scottish highlands. it coincides with similar action in sweden, belgium, germany and australia. 13—year—old environmental campaigner george told bbc breakfast why he was looking forward to today's classroom strike. all the young people gathering together and speaking up for what we think is right and what we believe m, think is right and what we believe in, to take action on what is one of the biggest problems, i believe. so you are very passionate campaigner, do you think that is shared by young people? yeah, both a lot of people are coming today. a lot of people doubt the views of young people but we know what we believe in and we are going to show that today. and pupils from dublin and newbury in berkshire spoke a little earlier to victoria derbyshire about the action they are taking today — first we'll hear from 11—year—old flossie in dublin. this is the whole school out. the whole school? yeah. what have the teacher said? the teachers are happy we are doing it. what is your message to politicians? my message is — if the children agree, we know what is going on and we know our future is at risk and we don't want our future to be at risk. of course, do you think the politicians will take you seriously as perhaps they should? i really hope so and i believe they will. we have got 12 years to take measures to halt temperature increases before it becomes irreversible. so we need to show the government what the young believe and get them to start taking immediate action. what do you say to those that say being in lessons is more important at your age right now? in the grand scheme of things, missing a lesson or even one day of school in order to help the environment and future is not going to make a difference to our education. in fact, i think the experience itself is very educational. we will keep an eye on both process and keep you up—to—date. we will keep an eye on both process and keep you up-to-date. -- on those protests. the british and us governments have announced a $30 million upgrade to the machine which detected gravitational waves — the ripples in spacetime caused by major cosmic events. the improved device will be more sensitive and able to see almost twice as far into space. 0ur science correspondent, pallab ghosh, reports. it is one of the biggest discoveries in the history of science, the detection of the gravitational waves caused by two black holes colliding in a distant galaxy. we have detected gravitational waves. we did it. cheering and applause. that was three years ago. now, the pair of four kilometre long instruments in the us that made the discoveries are to be given an upgrade. they are already the most sensitive instruments in the world. inside are lasers and mirrors that measure the tiny shifts caused by these mysterious waves from outer space. we are just on the cusp of our understanding. gravitational waves are ripples that are sent across the universe. when the gravity at a certain point in space suddenly changes, triggered by huge events like distant stars exploding. over the past three years, the instrument has detected the collision of ten black holes. with the upgrade, scientists will be able to detect many more. maybe three each day. harder to detect are the collision of giant suns that have collapsed, called neutron stars. just one spotted so far. the new machine will be able to detect 13 each month, and astronomers should also be able to see much deeper into the universe, further back in time, even to when it all began, with the big bang. the upgrade will be carried out here, at the institute for gravitational research at glasgow university. they have the expertise to build the high precision instruments needed to measure the minuscule distortions gravitational waves create. ultrathin glass fibres are being drawn. these will be used to suspend these mirrors. they have to be kept absolutely motionless and to be the stillest objects on the planet. we measure the motion of these mirrors — almost none at all — but the tiny motion caused by gravitational waves, we measure that, and we have to extract that information without losing anything. that means improving the efficiency of the optics, avoiding any light going where we don't want it to go, and actually a fairly complicated set of little improvements that altogether will roughly double the performance of the detector. the new upgrades will come on line in five years' time, a development that scientists say will enable them to answer some of the universe's biggest mysteries. pallab ghosh, bbc news, washington. the hillforts that dot the landscape of dorset and wiltshire were once home to iron age settlers but today, they provide shelter to a variety of wildlife living there. the monuments will now receive funding to ensure the archaeological sites can carry on protecting the fragile habitats that have grown up there. 0ur reporter, john maguire, has been to find out more. as first happened here thousands of years ago, the hill is being cleared by hand, some of the wood is burned, some of it reused to. some people might wonder, it seems order to be cutting trees down, what is the point of it? this scrub is growing on quite significant remains, as you can see. we are going on the steep slopes of the ramparts here. and if you look at some of the older scrubs down there, you'll see it's quite bare underneath. and that's a bit of a problem as far as archaeology is concerned because it's lots of loose soil like this and that washes down, causes erosion problems, that sort of thing. the latest research has identified more than 4000 hillfort across the british isles, most built in the iron age and home to hundreds of people. big, big statement in the landscape, they were very important, they were high areas where communities lived and obviously it was a time of uncertainty so they went to all this trouble to make these fortified settlements. this one is so unique because of the roman military engineers and what they did? yes. it is one where you have a roman encampment within an iron age hillfort. it's amazing to think that these vast ramparts were hewn from the dorset chalk not with machines but with hand tools made from deer antlers and cows shoulder blades. today's volunteers are armed with sharpened steel and powered by tea and cake. it's physical but enjoyable. i love being outdoors, whether it's working with a saw here or a bonfire or a survey, whatever you're doing. you feel that your contributing to the work that the trust is trying to do in this case. quite hard work today? well, i think i've got the lightjob down here — or one of them, but it certainly keeps you warm! £100,000 from the people's postcode lottery will be spent on works at 13 of these scheduled monuments, and it's a delicate balancing act, conserving the past, enabling access for the present and encouraging wildlife to populate these areas into the future. john maguire, bbc news, in a moment we'll have all the business news, but first the headlines on bbc news. (00v) the home secretary says he will do everything in his power the home secretary says he will do everything in his power to prevent the return of shamima begum, the british teenager who fled to syria to join the islamic state group. president trump says he'll declare a national emergency to secure funding for his border wall with mexico — the democrats accuse him of an abuse of power. and theresa may will push on with efforts to secure a revised brexit deal, despite another commons defeat last night. i'm vishala sri—pathma in the business news today. royal bank of scotland has reported profits of £1.62 billion for 2018, more than double it made a year earlier. however its boss ross mcewan has warned the uk economy faced a heightened level of uncertainty over the brexit negotiations. british retail sales rose far more than expected injanuary, as consumers appeared to shrug off brexit uncertainty. the office for national statistics said the amount of goods sold rose by 1%, after falling by 0.7% in december. discounts in clothing helping to boost sales. more on that shortly. a top us trade negotiator has told chinese president xi jinping that "very difficult issues" remained after two days of us—china trade talks wrapped up in beijing. the world's two biggest economies are trying to stave off an escalation of their trade war. good afternoon, welcome to the business news, lots to get through today. the royal bank of scotland has reported profits of £1.62 billion for 2018, more than double the £752 million it made a year earlier. however rbs boss ross mcewan warned about the heightened level of uncertainty over brexit and that it could have a bigger impact on the uk economy that the bank of england initally predicted. earlier today he spoke to the bbc‘s rob young who asked him whether the bank was prepared for a no deal brexit. we are, as a bank, we have to be wordy on the behalf of our customers. fix to be ready. we have the customers in the uk that sell goods to europe and vice versa, people in europe operate in the uk, we need to be there to provide all banking service to them and that's what we are doing. it has been an expensive exercise, it has been very distracting, but were ready for customers. we also have a great fun for businesses concerned that they have to go and read by a number of raw materials fix a growth fund. —— a growth fund. we are hoping to help people with supply chain. so stockpiling? if we need to. we've been talking to businesses about what their requirements will be and will be there to support them, should things change for them. and some other business stories in the news today. mr kipling cake firm premier foods has scrapped plans to sell off its ambrosia custard brand, blaming the current business climate. the firm was planning to use the sale proceeds to cut debt of over £500 million. ambrosia accounts for under 10% of its total revenue. one of the world's oldest accountancy textbooks is being put up for auction. it's the first printed example of double—entry book—keeping from 1494, the system of debits and credits that is still used today. it was founded in that book. it is expected to sell for more than $1 million. amazon has said it will not build a new headquarters in new york, citing fierce opposition from state and local politicians. the dramatic turnaround comes just months after the firm named new york city one of two sites selected for major expansion over the next decades. the ftse 100 has clambered into positive territory, retail sales rose injanuary and beat market expectations as shoppers took advantage of discounts following a disappointing christmas. retail sales increased by 1% last month following a 0.7% decline in december, according to the office for national statistics. but with the discountng period over will retailers be able to persuade shoppers to spend at full price? let's talk to clare bailey, retail expert. thanks forjoining us. it's interesting because we had talked about how the sales period is never just january anymore, it's all throughout the year. but we've seen this rise, why is that? a lot of reasons. it's the rise in a number of items protest as opposed necessarily be total sales value. although some retailers burn benefited in sales, but has come at a cost. we help buying more but at lower profit to retailers. i think a lot of the reasons why we see a boost in january as well lot of the reasons why we see a boost injanuary as well is the lot of the reasons why we see a boost in january as well is the fact people have become conscious that if they buy something before january sale, they might find it discounted afterwards. there's a lot of money in gift voucher exchange which gets spent in the january sales, which boosts for that period of time. do you think this is just a nibble then? it's very difficult. -- is —— is this sustainable? it's difficult. retailers are entering administration and putting up profit warnings. the fact we can buy more stuff or lower amounts of money puts even more pressure on already troubled retailers who are facing rises to business rates, rents, staff, utilities costs, falling margins due to currency valuations, and customers demanding discounts. so we will see profit warnings and difficulties in spite of the fact we are out spending. just briefly as well, the data shows clothing and food basically drove the factors here. what do you think was driving behind food sales? there's been a lot of aggressive discounting and promotion in food as well. the larger retailer supermarkets like sainsbury‘s and tesco and as to have had to pull out all the stops to aggressively promote against the likes of audi and little who have done a good job in proving if you can tolerate less quality, you can get a massive amount of shopping for less cash —— aldi and lidl. the other factor that has been interesting to see. in my point of view that is great news, online is 196 view that is great news, online is 1% less of all retail sales, that they were a year ago. so next time i hear anyone say online for the death of the high street but we at least have some statistics to refute that claim. thanks forjoining us. the ftse100 has clambered into positive territory, up 18 points at 7,215. shares in coca—cola hbc, which bottles soft drinks in europe is up 3.85%. that's all the business news. thank you. now could this be the fastest child in the world? rudolph ingram from florida, known as blaze, shocked onlookers when he tookjust 13 point 48 seconds to complete a 100 metre sprint. he hopes to beat the record of nine point eight seconds set by usain bolt. now it's time for a look at the weather with tomasz what a beautiful day, please dial out there for us, and it looks that we re out there for us, and it looks that were going to keep the skies. it's just like spring even though technically we are in winter. the fine weather is stretching from portugal and spain to france, the alps, germany and into southern parts of scandinavia. to the north—west, around scotland, and northern ireland. we are closer to a weather front here so a bit more cloud but across england and wales, you can see central europe there, be high—pressure is in charge of the weather. the yellow colours here and in some peaches and oranges there is how warm it will be. 15 degrees in london, 12 degrees in edinburgh, a bit fresher on stornoway where we are closer to weather fronts trying to get in but they can't because of that high pressure. south—westerly winds is why it is so mild, coming from a mild sauce. notice also cloud flirting with the western coasts, and some rain in scotland, so misty and some rain in scotland, so misty and murky in coastal areas but defer that used you are, the clearer it will be. —— the further east you are. a weather front sneaks into night, but only brings a little cloud, most weather fronts are to be west of our neighbourhood and you can see the south—westerly wind ahead of the weather front, it's the east weather systems that are helping to push mild in our direction. ‘s so the weekend, it will stay mild, a little breezy particularly across north—western areas, for most of us it will be dry, any rain looks like it will stay in the west and north—west. these weather fronts here are trying to put in and move from east to west but they can't, because they are blocked. they are bound by that high pressure there sitting across europe. they want to do that sort of thing, swing towards the north—west, that means more cloud and a chance of some spots of drizzle closer to ghosts but the further used you are, the better the weather. —— be closer to coasts. 0n the better the weather. —— be closer to coasts. on sunday, the wind clips wales and maybe the irish sea coast but most of the main problem goes to the western isles. norwich and london stage right on sunday, and very mild indeed, 15 degrees. not bad at all. —— stayed dry on sunday. you re watching bbc newsroom live ? these are today s main stories: democratic and republican politicians criticise president trump's plan to use emergency powers to pay for a border wall with mexico. the democrats say they could take legal action. did i say i was filing a legal challenge? i may. that is an option. and we will review our options. it is important to know that when the president declares this emergency, first of all, it is not an emergency. we'll report from the border, after president trump said he'll declare a national emergency to access funds for his wall. the home secretary says he will do everything in his power to prevent the return of shamima begum, the british teenager who fled to syria to join the islamic state group. pupils are walking out of their classrooms to demand more action on climate change. and the award—winning author, andrea levy, whose works include the bestseller small island, has died at the age of 62. donald trump is expected to declare a national emergency in order to secure funding for his border wall with mexico, after months of failed negotiations with democrats. it means the president can bypass congress to access billions of dollars in funding for the project — but critics say the move is unlawful and an abuse of presidential power. he's also expected to sign a bipartisan spending bill that would prevent another government shutdown. 0ur washington correspondent chris buckler has more. we are going to build a wall. we have to build a wall. the long border that divides the us and mexico is at the centre of america's own political divide. building a huge barrier here has become more than a priority for president trump, it's become a point of principle. yet after all his threats that he wouldn't accept any funding bill that didn't include more than $5 billion for his long promised wall, he's had to accept a congressional compromise. after a ll after all the talk, the legislation passed with little controversy or opposition. republicans were clearly relieved to avoid another government shutdown. but they know this fight isn't over. i've just had an opportunity to speak with president trump and he, i would say to all my colleagues, has indicated he's prepared to sign the bill. he will also be issuing a national emergency declaration at the same time. today we started a big beautiful wall. this week, president trump held a rally beside the border in texas, where he again made a pledge to supporters that he would build the wall. declaring a national emergency could allow him to use money from other funds, but his plan is likely to face challenges in court. did i say i was filing a legal challenge? reporter: you said democrats... i may, that's an option, and we'll review our options, but it's important to note that when the president declares this emergency, first of all, it's not an emergency. the trump administration immigration policy has led to many protests, and many will be looking to see where the president finds the billions of dollars he needs. it is thought he is looking at military project and even disaster relief funds. mr trump once promised mexico would pay for the wall, then he turned to congress. now he's relying on his own presidential powers, but in building physical barriers, he knows he faces political ones. chris buckler, bbc news, washington. so, what's happening on the us border? in recent months, fences have been strengthened, but more people are trying to cross illegally every week. 0ur correspondent dan johnson sent us this report from the border between mexico and california near san diego. after two and a half thousand miles, these are the last few steps, journey‘s n. when the fence runs out, this mother and her daughter fall into the arms of us border patrol. my little girl is hungry, she says, and i don't have any money. and there are over 1000 more who cross illegally every day. a crisis, the president says, that stretches from the hills all the way to the sea. it's not climbing over a fence or digging under a fence are taking a dangerous smuggling boat, it's presenting yourself as an entry. only limited numbers are currently allowed through to climb asylum. there is already a fence of one kind or another along one third of the 2000 mile border. 18 foot, still slatted, concrete filled. here it is already being upgraded, and it is making a difference. this barrier ta kes a is making a difference. this barrier takes a significantly more time to penetrate, to cut through. it takes up penetrate, to cut through. it takes up to 30 minutes depending on the type of play that you are using. this border barrier can be compromised in about one minute and 20 seconds. this happened every single night, this fence was cut or breached or compromised. the chief here shares the president because my ambition to extend this fence across these hills. we have to have a barrier we will never win that game. the smugglers are using those people, they are trying to game asylum, as a distraction to overload my resources so they can run drugs into other areas, that's a huge threat. as a humanitarian crisis and a national security crisis, they are coming up against each other. but the numbers are way down, when you look back ten, 20 years, the problem is nothing like it was.|j look back ten, 20 years, the problem is nothing like it was. i would say is nothing like it was. i would say is nothing like it was. it has changed, but that is the equivalent of saying, if your house is only getting robbed one day out of the week instead of all seven that you are done. we are not done. of all the forces at work here, inequality‘s push and pull is the most stubborn. these families will keep coming as long as they see greater security and prosperity. i'm escaping guatemala, she says, because there are many robberies, children are kidnapped, there is lots of crime, and the police do nothing. it could take years to determine theirfuture, because nothing. it could take years to determine their future, because the system is so backlogged. after spending time here, it would be easy to question the president's rhetoric. his talk of a crisis and the threat these people pose, how simple he makes a wall sound as a solution. but it's clear there is a complex game of cat and mouse being played here. and the border patrol agents say it is unsustainable. for them and for the people trying to cross. manpower, horsepower, all of it is stretched. this deal ends government gridlock for now, but securing this dividing line has become the defining issue of donald trump is my presidency, and even with emergency funding, this fence won't go as far as he would like. the home secretary has said he will do everything in his power to prevent the return of a teenage girl from east london who ran away to join so—called islamic state. sajid javid says if shamima begum comes back to the uk, then she may be prosecuted. her family has appealed for compassion, saying she was very young when she made the decision to leave four years ago. ben ando reports. there are nearly 40,000 in this camp. more arrive each day, as their dreams of an islamic state caliphate crumble. among them, shamima begum from bethnal green. now 19, and nine months pregnant with her third child, she says she has no regrets about what she did and what she saw. shamima and two friends left the uk in 2015. one is now dead, the other missing, but the home secretary doesn't want her back. he told the times newspaper... shamima is not alone. the government estimates that 900 people travelled from the uk to engage in conflict in syria and iraq. around 180, or one in five, are known to have been killed, while twice that number 360, have already returned to the uk, with the same number still unaccounted for. and if shamima is one of those who makes it back, she can expect to be questioned and possibly prosecuted. but will she lose her british citizenship? her family are asking for compassion, but some are urging the authorities to take a harder line, saying that actions should have consequences. ben ando, bbc news, at the home office. 0ur correspondent has been assessing the options. the government has said very clearly they want to stop coming back to the uk. they are talking about various different options. 0ne talking about various different options. one is to simply cancel her passport. and tougher measure would be to strip her of her nationality. and the third option is this temporary ban whereby she wouldn't be allowed to come into this country until she has agreed to be investigated and monitored and to enter into a de—radicalisation programme. all of those options need to be out there. nothing which has been concluded as far as we know. there are questions about this, because under international law i think you cannot render a citizen stateless. yes, how can they keep out other than by the temporary order? they seem to think they have a workaround option to that, particularly if they can establish there is any sense of dual nationality. a dual national you can strip of one of those nationalities, soi strip of one of those nationalities, so i think that is what they are looking out at the moment. theresa may is pushing ahead with her brexit strategy, despite another commons defeat and signs of worsening rifts within the conservative party. last night, a vote on the government's plan to secure a better dealfrom the eu was defeated by 303 to 258 — a majority of 45 against the government. earlier, i asked our political correspondent, iain watson, if the vote represented a serious blow to the government. that's what andrea leadsom said, the leader of the house. she said it was a hiccup. steve bakerfrom the eurosceptic e said it was a storm in a teacup. i'm not entirely sure that it is, because on the one hand certainly last night's vote was not binding on the government. i'm told theresa may is going back to brussels in the next few days and she will be doing what she has been doing in the past few days and weeks, trying to get changes to the northern irish backstop, arrangement for avoiding a hard border in northern ireland, to get some legally binding assurance that this will be temporary or could be replaced with alternative arrangements. so she is planning on. what brussels has asked for if they are to make concessions is some kind of guarantee that anything they give would get through parliament. but she would be able to get a deal passed parliament. it was a large section of her own party, around 60 members of the european research group, brexiteers, who were largely responsible for her defeat. andrea leadsom was putting a brave face on this. i asked leadsom was putting a brave face on this. iasked if leadsom was putting a brave face on this. i asked if this had weakened the prime minister's hand when she was back to brussels. she said at least initially, no. what was very clear from the debate yesterday was that the apps tensions on our side was because colleagues felt that in supporting the motion it might imply the were 0k supporting the motion it might imply the were ok with taking no deal off the were ok with taking no deal off the table and they weren't prepared to do that. has it strengthened to hand in brussels? it certainly hasn't strengthened it, but it hasn't strengthened it, but it hasn't changed at parliament indicated two weeks ago what it would support, and that is legally binding changes to the backstop that enable us to get the prime minister's deal passed through parliament. andrea leadsom singh this has not strengthened the prime minister's hand in negotiations with brussels, and in fact what it may also have done is create a bit of a backlash against the european research group, these brexiteers from modern administers. some of them are threatening to resign if there is no revised deal by the end of the month, to force the prime minister's and, possibly even to delay our departure from the european union. more on today s main stories coming up on newsroom live here on the bbc news channel, but now we say goodbye to viewers on bbc two. retail sales rose by 1% last month, after falling in december, with discounts in clothing helping to boost sales. compared with the same period last year, retail sales were 4.2% higher. the figures beat most economists' expectations. earlier i spoke to business correspondent vishala sri—pathma, who explained what was behind the rise. january good for sales as well. food sales are interesting. you don't hear much about higher food sales, but a lot of analysts have said this is pre—brexit, people are stockpiling. i'm not sure about that completely, but it is interesting to see that inflation is lower as well. people are going to feel richer because of that compared to a couple of years ago. your pound is going a little bit further. any predictions for the future? it's hard to know, an increase of 1% from the previous month, if this is a trend we will see a pick—up in the next few months in the lead up to brexit. if sales was a driving force we will see sales throughout the year, it is no longer the case ofjust having it during the january period. interesting to see if it will sustain. and where that leaves us with the brexit conversation, we have heard a lot of business, we heard from the royal bank of scotland today talking about people holding off from investment decisions. are the food and clothing retailers more relaxed about the prospect of this nail—biting end to the brexit debate? lots of analysts have been talking today about how these retailers have said, business as usual, let's just get on with it and see how we can attract more customers. you hear from lots of different businesses on brexit. but on the retail side of things it has been online that is the main challenge. brexit concerns have not really been the headline factor. the headlines on bbc news: president trump's plan to use emergency powers to pay for a border wall with mexico meets criticism from democrats and from some in his own party. the home secretary says he will do everything in his power to prevent the return of shamima begum, the british teenager who fled to syria to join the islamic state group. pupils are walking out of their classrooms to demand more action on climate change. sport now. good afternoon. an apology after being sent off in arsenal's defeat last night. the french striker was shown a straight red card for elbowing one of the opposition players. he said on social media letting down the team is the worst feeling. arsenal lost 1—0. chelsea boss wants his team to be more consistent after their 2—1 victory in malmo. 0livia jerry got what proved to be the crucial goal in their first leg in sweden. i think in the mental condition, to be able to approach every match with the same level of determination, application, attention and you know very well that if you have that mental condition in england, in ten days, 15 days you can lose three or four very important matches. celtic perhaps have the toughestjob to reach the last 16 first of they lost their first leg reach the last 16 first of they lost theirfirst leg 2—0 at reach the last 16 first of they lost their first leg 2—0 at home. because of what brendan rodgers called basic mistakes. the second legs are all next week. the two melbourne teams will meet on the big bash final for the first time after the renegades won their semifinal by three wickets. james vince scored 28 off 24 balls for sydney. he was dismissed by another englishman. the nottinghamshire bowler finished with 14 36. sydney looked favourites to go through but the renegades won the ball to spare and will play the melbourne stars. racing has returned after an outbreak of equine flu. but the sport has worried it might not be out of the woods. the bbc has learned eight times as many flu cases have been reported among uk horses in just the first six weeks of 2019 is on the whole of last year. a leading expert has called the virus to the quickest spreading they have seen, with concerns that they have seen, with concerns that the highly contagious disease might hit the breeding season, which started yesterday. more now on our top story. president trump is expected to declare a national emergency in order to secure funding for his border wall with mexico, after months of failed negotiations with democrats , it means he can bypass congress to access billions of dollars in funding for the project. it's getting some pushback. other people are praising the move. it depends who you ask. democrats are expected to challenge the order. some republicans even oppose the move, they are concerned about the precedent it could set for a future democratic president. some attorneys general say they may go to court to block any declaration of a national emergency on the southern border. one has written that any border crisis is of the president's own making, and "we will do what we must hold them accountable. " his counterpart in washington state said that if president trump's declaration depletes federal aid he will take steps to block this unlawful action. on twitter a puerto rico governor told the president, we will see you in court, if he goes through with the declaration. in less than a day since the president has made this declaration there is already a lot of pushback. i'm joined now from washington by paige lavender — senior editor of breaking news at huffpost. what are we expecting the president to say? i certainly think you will reinforce his usual talking points today. he will sign the bill that was passed yesterday to sign the government, and then he will declare the national emergency. and i think he will reinforce these points. he started his campaign, even when he launched his 2016 bid, he talked about the crisis at the border. it's an issue he amplifies in a way that isa an issue he amplifies in a way that is a little bit of an exaggeration when you look at the statistics, and i think he will reinforce that message today and try to assure the american people that what he is doing is necessary. and where do the american people actually sit on this at the moment? what do we know about the public position? just like many other issues, i do think a lot of trump supporters think he is being genuine and they truly do believe we have a crisis at the border, although when you look at the stats, crime numbers are way down, even the measures that trump is taking with the wall, that doesn't necessarily mean that it will prevent people coming in. lots of study show that maybe his proposals aren't exactly the best for reducing the number of crime that comes from people emigrating from mexico. it'sjust crime that comes from people emigrating from mexico. it's just an issue where we are all torn. his supporters have backed him and this from day one. and that's a big reason he was doing this. it was a campaign promise from the get go, may be the biggest promise of his campaign, and he is trying to see it through. what about this issue of the precedent it sets, an end runs around comres, bypassing democratic accountability. a lot of people are worried about this declaration. a democratic president in the future could declare a national emergency for a number of issues. a lot of republicans are worried a democratic president could declare a national emergency on gun violence or climate change, things they have not wanted to allocate funds to address those problems. it opens up a can of worms they are about what the president has authority to do and what presidents in the future could do. we've heard the suggestion from nancy pelosi, the leader of the house of representatives, that she is thinking about a legal challenge. expect to get any further progress ona expect to get any further progress on a decision that today?” expect to get any further progress on a decision that today? i don't know if we'll hear from her today, but there are lots of people exploring challenges to this national emergency, both on capitol hilland national emergency, both on capitol hill and off. lawmakers are looking at challenging through legislation, outside groups are thinking about lawsuits, and those talks have been in the works for weeks. a lot of people, we weren't sure trump was going to do this, have been preparing, and you'll start to see challenges as soon this evening. schoolchildren across the country have walked out of their classrooms today, to demand more action on climate change. these students in ullapool in scotland joined thousand of others across the country in a protest organised by youth strike for climate. it coincides with similar action in sweden, belgium, germany and australia. we need to help with global warming and stop people using cars. cars and aeroplanes and things like that. the government is not really caring about the world. they are dealing with other issues. we want to come here and talk to them and say, we wa nt here and talk to them and say, we want to save our world, and not die in the next couple of years or so. if we weren't here we would be in school, so we are missing our education. that shows we are willing to give up our education to save the planet. dennis would have criticised pupils taking part, saying it disrupts workload and wastes less in time. that is from the prime minister's official spokesman. "everyone that is from the prime minister's official spokesman. " everyone wants young people to be engaged in the issues that affect them, but it is important to emphasise that disruption increases workloads and wastes lesson time that teachers have proved paired for. —— prepared for. that is crucial so that children can grow into the scientists that we need." echoing the education secretary, but com pletely the education secretary, but completely at odds with the climate change protesters out on the streets. the author andrea levy — whose work includes the award—winning novel small island — has died of cancer at the age of 62. her writing chronicled the lives of the windrush generation and encapsulated for many what it meant to be black and british after the second world war. 0ur arts correspondent david sillito looks back at her life. arrivals of children. the empire windrush brings to britain 500 jamaicans. many are ex—servicemen who know england... in 1948, andrea levy's father arrived on the empire windrush. it was the inspiration for her novel that charted with wit and compassion the hopes and struggles of a generation, small island. you think your white skin make you better than me, don't you? we both finished fighting a war for a better world, we was on the same side. when it first came out, i said to be such publishers, "just give me a basket, i'll take them door—to—door." i really thought nobody was going to be interested. in 2005, it won whitbread book of the year. small island by andrea levy. andrea leavy had grown up in london and in her 30s began to write. much of her work driven by her own curiosity about where she had come from, a story that eventually took her back to britain's role in the caribbean slave trade. for every one slave that went to america, 12 went to the caribbean. it was massive, it was massive. i have seen books on british history that don't mention slavery. and you just sort of... it beggars belief. me here. me finished the dress. the character she created was a house slave who bears a child to an estate master. and then, later, she found that that was the story of her own great—great—grandmother. andrea levy's life and work was rooted in the story of two small, intertwined islands, britain and jamaica. let them say what they like, because i am the bustard child of empire and i will have my day. the author andrea levy, who has died at the age of 62. now it's time for a look at the weather. it is beautiful out there and it will stay that way, clear blue skies for most of us. some cloud across the north west parts, but wherever you are it is very mild. temperatures are way up for the time of year. not just the temperatures are way up for the time of year. notjust the british isles but much of europe as well. france, the low countries, germany... not great for the skiers. a lot of mild weather around. this is how warm it could get. closer to weather fronts in stornoway, nearer 10 degrees. some showers for the northern isles in north—western scotland, missed and mark around. but the further east you are, the clearer it will be. saturday promises to be another beautiful day across the uk. hello this is bbc newsroom live. the headlines. democratic and some republican politicians criticise president trump's plan to use emergency powers to pay for a border wall with mexico. the democrats say they could take legal action. the home secretary says he will do everything in his power to prevent the return of shamima begum the british teenager who fled to syria to join the islamic state group. pupils walk out of their classrooms to demand more action on climate change. and the award—winning author, andrea levy, whose works include the bestseller small island, has died at the age of 62. the munich security conference will get under way shortly. the annual meeting brings together around 35 heads of state and government, 80 foreign and defense ministers, and some 600 security policy experts. the us is represented by vice—president mike pence and rarely have trans—atlantic ties been so unsettled, as allies try to make sense of the trump administrations strategy toward, nato, russia, the middle east and in afghanistan. 0ur chief international correspondent lyse doucet is there. yes, and what a former it's going to be. you can see all the cars behind me as the delegations arrived. this is the biggest ever delegation from the united states since it was formed in 1963. notjust mike pence, the republican vice president, but nancy pelosi, speaker of the house, will also attend this year. and if they read the document behind this conference, they won't find it pleasa nt conference, they won't find it pleasant because its warning that the world is in crisis, from's administration, it once, is making things worse. that day in day out here at this luxury hotel, they will discuss how the us matters in so many regions of the world including afghanistan. the us and the taliban are now engaged in direct talks about pulling out american troops. that has led to a lot of big questions including whether the tower ban are looking to monopolise power again. i sat down with the afg ha n power again. i sat down with the afghan president ashraf ghani and said does he believe the taliban state m e nts said does he believe the taliban statements monopolising that power? no, because if they are genuine, let them participate in the elections. this is the beginning of a serious national conversation. we should neither be pessimistic nor so believing that everything has changed. you expressed worry about the current moment where there has been this progress between the tower ban and the united states. —— the tower ban and the united states. many afghans tower ban and the united states. ma ny afg ha ns express tower ban and the united states. many afghans express concerns that it will be sold out. i don't think there will be a separate piece. i think our interests are common. so let's understand what significant progress means. 0ne significant progress means. 0ne significant progress means. 0ne significant progress means is that the taliban are declaring, recognising that the earth is round. meaning that they have acknowledged that they have relations with al-qaeda, daesh and others. it has been said that they have come to an agreement on the d raft have come to an agreement on the draft framework whereby american troops leave and the taliban guarantees afghanistan would not be used as a platform for extremist groups like al-qaeda and islamic states to launch attacks against american interest. do you believe the taliban? what gives you confidence? he has told the taliban, it is notjust that confidence? he has told the taliban, it is not just that there confidence? he has told the taliban, it is notjust that there is confidence? he has told the taliban, it is not just that there is a confidence? he has told the taliban, it is notjust that there is a piece with the united states, it is part ofa with the united states, it is part of a package of discussions and ceasefire. and the discussions of guarantees is something that needs to be demonstrated in practice. words are not enough. but the goal is the right goal. in ireland, did you make a piece by suddenly arriving one day and saying we want peace or the good friday was a product of intense discussions to make sure the fundamental issue of terrorism and violence. is ended. 0ur desire is to end the violence, to bring the taliban into the political community of afghanistan. president ashraf ghani. and it question in afghanistan as well as syria is what is trump's policy. he dismissed that he would make a hasty exit, that president trump with as troops too soon leaving afghanistan to plant again in instability and chaos that it has had for many years without end. that is how the security conferences beginning, many questions and hopefully some answers will be forthcoming. thank you. a number of children around the country are leaving their classrooms to take part in protests about climate change. 0rganisers of the youth strike for climate campaign say demonstrations are being held in sixty british towns and cities against what they see as government inaction on global warming. but downing street say the strikes are disruptive and increase the workload of teachers. 0ur reporter athar ahmad hasjoined protesters outside the houses of parliament in london. what's going on? as you can see, hundreds of pupils are taking the day of school on this sunny friday afternoon to protest about planet change. these scenes are being mirrored as you said across more than 60 towns and cities in the uk. pupils wanting to raise awareness about climate change. i'm joined by one of them now, 18—year—olds sofia. why are you here today and why have you skipped school?” why are you here today and why have you skipped school? i think the complete ignorance about what climate change is really going to do to us. the met office predicts 130 million people except per year will be displaced due to sea—level rise by 2050, and everything any refugee crisis we have now is bad, imagine global displacement of coastal communities. we are ignorant and we don't care about this happening in our country. and the government is ignoring it simply because it won't win over voters, is not an immediate response. andy rhodes now being closed off because there are so many people, and what you think the teachers make of it? —— the roads.|j think they be proud, and missing geography today and i think she'd be proud that i'm protesting about the environment. will you come out to the street again? yes, if there was another protest about climate change, i'm here. the protest is expected to continue for much of the day. there are signs here saying homework is worse than climate change and pupils i have spoken to say they will continue to carry out dislikes for as long as necessary. the uk student climate network said they want the government to declare a climate emergency and fully include young people in decision—making especially when it comes to issues around climate change. thank you. more now on the case of shamima begum, the british schoolgirl who fled to syria to join the islamic state group. i spoke to aamer anwar earlier. he is a criminal defence lawyer, and he represented the family of aqsa mahmood who left in 2013 to go to syria. if she reaches a british consulate or embassy in turkey then of course she will be allowed to come back because britain of course is signatory to national international obligations, she is a british citizen, the decision remains, the position remains, why, at the end of the day when there has been such hysteria, quite rightly, about the actions of isis, which has murdered hundreds of thousands of individuals, subjecting them to rape and persecution, why is it that we would want british citizens to remain in countries like syria, iraq, turkey? causing problems there? we have an obligation to bring them back. if they have broken the law they must be investigated, they should be prosecuted and they should be sent to jail. but secondly to that, there is a pressing matter which is this individual was 15 years old at the time to stop she was old at the time and she was groomed, she was radicalised. there were individuals within this country who we have seen and heard very little about from the security services, about who these individuals were that facilitated that, who i regard as serious organised criminals. they use religion as a front, but the fact is they facilitated the trafficking of these young girls to syria. and those people, information and that should be provided to the security service and to police by these individuals who return back to this country. let's just pull apart some of those strands for a moment. on whether the home secretary will try to prevent herfrom coming back, he has said, if you have supported terrorist organisations abroad, i will not hesitate to prevent your return. he has temporary exclusion orders, presumably you agree he can use those to prevent her return fora time? absolutely we have them, but they have been used few and far between. at the end of the day, shamima begum is an individual. i do not defend her conduct, it is abhorrent, some of the statements we have heard in recent days, seems to be extremely dismissive or supportive of is, so one can understand concerns for public safety, that should be paramount within this country. but the situation remains that she is an individual who at the age of 15 was trafficked to syria. she had two children who have died, and she is about to have another child, and she is a british citizen. so we have international obligations. the question is first of all whether she was involved in any terrorist action, whether she poses any threat to this country, but we have seen in recent times individuals return to this country. and the matter remains that yes, i can see the home secretary and others in the government pontificating in public, but they also know that their hands are tied pretty much in terms of our international laws. the indian prime minister, narendra modi, has promised a strong response after a suicide bomber killed 46 soldiers in the disputed terrority of kashmir. the militant group, jaish—e—muhammad, said it carried out the attack on an indian military convoy. india accuses pakistan of giving the group sanctuary but islamabad denies responsibility. india has said it will ensure the complete diplomatic isolation of pakistan. sangita myska reports from new delhi. mangled wreckage on a debris strewn highway. all that's left in the aftermath of a massive attack launched by islamist militants in which a suicide bomber drove a car packed with explosives into a bus carrying over 40 paramilitary personnel in indian administered kashmir. no one on board survived, only the dozens more being treated in hospitalfor their only the dozens more being treated in hospital for their injuries and officials have won that number will rise. this morning, india's minister warned that the attackers would not go and pass it unpunished. translation: this was a heaney 's attack. no one will succeed in disrupting peace and stability in india. a local man is believed to be responsible for the attack in according to indian authorities. the islamist military group jaish—e—muhammad said they planned it. the organisation based in pakistan has been active in indian administrator kashmir for over 20 yea rs administrator kashmir for over 20 years fighting for the state's independence. today, soldiers have sealed the scene of the bombing which is also the main route connecting the kashmir valley with the rest of india. it's a high security zone, how people were able to use explosives in this zone has become a matter for the to use explosives in this zone has become a matterfor the police. a new report says five times more babies die, as a result of conflicts around the world, than do soldiers. the study by the charity, save the children, says in the past five years, half a million infants have been killed through starvation, disease and lack of medical care arising from war. that's more than 300 a day on average. hip and knee replacements could last much longer than originally thought, according to a new study. nhs advice suggestss patients will usually get 15 years from them, but researchers from bristol university found 80% of knee replacements and nearly 60% of hip replacements last much longer than that. short bursts of high intensity exercise are better for weight loss than longer sessions in the gym, according to new research. a study by the britishjournal of sports medicine suggests interval training — which involves alternating high—intensity and low—intensity effort — can result in more weight loss than a work—out with moderate intensity throughout. spain's prime minister, pedro sanchez, has announced snap elections in april. the move had been expected, after his minority socialist administration failed to get its budget through parliament on wednesday. it will be spain's third general election in five years. our reporter, guy hedgecoe, in madrid, told me the development underscored the volatile nature of spanish politics. yes, that's right. the calling of this election reflects how turbulent the political situation is at the moment, and how difficult it has been for pedro sanchez and his socialists to govern with a minority government. they have needed the support of several parties, parties and the left but also pro—independence catalan parties, and it was withdrawal of support of those independence catalan yesterday and the vote on the budget that eventually led to the end of the sanchez government and he had to call these elections. and this is all of the back of those very dramatic separatist catalan separatist trials. yes, the trial of 12 catalan independence leaders began in the supreme court this week, on tuesday. a trial that is expected to last three months or thereabouts. that has only added an extra element of tension to the political situation at the moment. and tension to relations between madrid and catalonia. that didn't help when it came to mr sanchez trying to get his budget through congress. it made it that much more difficult for him to get the support of pro—independence parties. therefore we have arrived at this situation. it is only the second time in modern spanish history that a budget bill has not managed to get through congress and has led to the calling of elections. so turbulence, huge divisions over the catalan issue and those trials, what will the election be fought on? again, it is hard to see anything below and beyond the catalan territorial issue which has so dominated spanish politics for the last year, year and a half. i think that's going to be very much the focus. parties on the left might want to look at other issues, they might want to look at the economy which has been performing relatively well, compared to other euoprean countries, or other social issues, issues of equality for women and so on. but the political right in particular will focus very much on catalonia, demand a much tougher stance against the catalan government and the catalan independence movement, and it's likely that's really going to dominate this upcoming campaign. the headlines on bbc news. democrats and some republicans criticise president trump's plan to use emergency powers to pay for a border wall with mexico. the home secretary says he will do everything in his power to prevent the return of shamima begum , the british teenager who fled to syria to join the islamic state group. pupils are walking out of their classrooms to demand more action on climate change. the british and us governments have announced a $30 million upgrade to the machine which detected gravitational waves — the ripples in spacetime caused by major cosmic events. the improved device will be more sensitive and able to see almost twice as far into space. our science correspondent, pallab ghosh, reports. it is one of the biggest discoveries in the history of science, the detection of the gravitational waves caused by two black holes colliding in a distant galaxy. we have detected gravitational waves. we did it. cheering and applause. that was three years ago. now, the pair of four kilometre long instruments in the us that made the discoveries are to be given an upgrade. they are already the most sensitive instruments in the world. inside are lasers and mirrors that measure the tiny shifts caused by these mysterious waves from outer space. gravitational waves are ripples that are sent across the universe. when the gravity at a certain point in space suddenly changes, triggered by huge events like distant stars exploding. over the past three years, the instrument has detected the collision of ten black holes. with the upgrade, scientists will be able to detect many more. maybe three each day. harder to detect are the collision of giant suns that have collapsed, called neutron stars. just one spotted so far. the new machine will be able to detect 13 each month, and astronomers should also be able to see much deeper into the universe, further back in time, even to when it all began, with the big bang. the upgrade will be carried out here, at the institute for gravitational research at glasgow university. they have the expertise to build the high precision instruments needed to measure the minuscule distortions gravitational waves create. ultrathin glass fibres are being drawn. these will be used to suspend these mirrors. they have to be kept absolutely motionless and to be the stillest objects on the planet. we measure the motion of these mirrors — almost none at all — but the tiny motion caused by gravitational waves, we measure that, and we have to extract that information without losing anything. that means improving the efficiency of the optics, avoiding any light going where we don't want it to go, and actually a fairly complicated set of little improvements that altogether will roughly double the performance of the detector. the new upgrades will come on line in five years' time, a development that scientists say will enable them to answer some of the universe's biggest mysteries. pallab ghosh, bbc news, washington. flights have resumed at dubai international airport after they were grounded due to suspected drone activity this morning. the airport is the world's busiest for international travellers. the flight suspension lasted half an hour. over the last few months, suspected drone sightings have caused disruption at other airports, including at heathrow and gatwick, as well as in the us. flying can be stressful for many people but if you have a hidden disability there may be extra challenges. the civil aviation authority has told the bbc it's introducing a new rating for airlines, gauging how well they assist passengers with conditions like autism. our reporter, tim muffet, has been to visit one airline which is already making changes. come inside and you'll see what your aeroplane is going to look like... flying was something tabitha and her family avoided. tabitha has got a diagnosis of autism. as soon as she gets anxious, the sensory issues go crazy so she's hypersensitive to sound, smell, noise, touch, anything. it does, to the untrained eye, look like a spoilt child having a tantrum. this mock—up aircraft is mainly used for staff training. but virgin atlantic are also making it available for people with hidden disabilities. somebody could have autism, dementia, or it could be a hidden pain condition and a lot of them, they may not fly because it is too stressful, they're worried it's too stressful. following a familiarisation visit last year, tabitha and herfamily were finally able to fly away on holiday. i think it is really, really important because before, like, if you don't have it, i wouldn't be able to go on holiday and i'll remember my holiday forever. in 2016, the civil aviation authority issued guidance to airports on how they should treat passengers with hidden disabilities. but from this summer, the caa's attention will focus on airlines themselves, rating them on how well they treat those passengers. if an airline is rated poorly, what will happen then? if passengers have a poor experience, they should complain. complain to the airline, complain to the airport. if after all of that we find that there are more systemic failures in the performance of an airline or airport, then we'll take action. we've got powers to enforce the regulations and to make sure that people provide a really good service to everybody, including passengers with disabilities. stay here for as long as you want... airports are already rated. gatwick opened its sensory room last year, the first of its kind. it's to help passengers like paul, who is living with dementia. how hard is it to travel if you are living with dementia as you are? i get quite anxious — i'm anxious today. since this has been introduced, it has obviously made life a lot easier. adults might think, it's not for me — but it is. it's all about regulating anxieties. like many airports, gatwick offers passengers with hidden disabilities and their families this lanyard so staff know they might need extra help. steps welcomed by maria, whose son has autism. she helped design this room. it's so wonderful to see the transformation from a child that's pretty anxious to then come in here and immediately, there's such a calming atmosphere in here. many believe hidden disabilities have been ignored by the aviation industry — but expectations are rising. tim muffet, bbc news. now, could this be the fastest child in the world? a seven—year—old boy is aiming to one day smash usain bolt‘s nine point 58 seconds 100 metre world record. rudolph ingram from florida, known as blaze, shocked onlookers when he tookjust 13.48 seconds to complete a 100 metre sprint. remember that name! in a moment it's time for the one o'clock news with ben brown but first it's time for a look at the weather with tomasz schafernaker. blue skies for some of us and mildness to m it looks like we will keep the malware never sometime. a stunning dayjust like spring today although technically we are very much in winter. —— keep the mild weather for sometime. much in winter. —— keep the mild weatherforsometime. spain, much in winter. —— keep the mild weatherfor sometime. spain, the alps, germany and some parts of scandinavia. to do north—west around scotla nd scandinavia. to do north—west around scotland and northern ireland, we are closer to weather fronts here so more cloud but across england and wales, usually central europe care,, the high pressure is in charge. so a high colour and hints of peach and orange, 15 degrees in london, 12 in edinburgh, pressure in stornoway where we are closer to weather fronts where they try to get in but can't because of that high pressure. the south—westerly wind is a white so mild, there are some parts of north—west scotland. so murky around coastal areas but the further east, the clearer it will be. on saturday, a weather front sneaks in but only brings a little bit of cloud. most of the weather fronts are way towards the west of our neighbourhood and you can see that south—westerly wind ahead of the weather front, these weather front systems a re weather front, these weather front systems are helping to pressure the mild air in our direction. so the weekend, it will stay mild, breezy particularly across the north west, for most of us it will be dry, any of that rain looks though it will stay towards the west and north—west. once again, it's because these weather fronts are trying to depress in and move east to west but they can't because they are blocked. they are bound by that high pressure, so they want to swing towards the north—west. that means a bit more cloud any chance of some spots of drizzle closer to coasts but the further east you are, the better the weather will be. sunday, the weather front follows the south—westerly wind, clipping wales and may be the irish sea coast, but most of the rain probably heading to the western isles. hull, norwich and london staying dry on sunday and very mild indeed, 15 degrees, not bad at all. the president says the wall would stop illegal immigrants, but democrats claim his national emergency is a gross abuse of power. we'll have a special report from our correspondent on the border between california and mexico. after spending time here, it would be easy to question the president's rhetoric, his talk of a crisis, and the threat these people pose, how simple he makes a wall sound as a solution, but it's clear there is a complex game of cat—and—mouse being played here. also this lunchtime... the teenager whojoined islamic state — the home secretary says he'll try to stop her coming back to britain. how books sprayed with drugs are smuggled into one of britain's

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