defence referred to various circumstances, including the benevolent treatment by mr mladic of an assistance to some victims, his good character and his diminished mental capacity, poor physical health and advanced age. for the reasons set out in the judgment, the chamber considers most of the factors a re chamber considers most of the factors are raised in the mitigation by the defence carry little or no weight. for having committed these crimes, the chamber sentences mr ratko mladic to life imprisonment. this concludes the delivery of the judgment. the chamber stands adjourned. all rise. studio: you are watching a bbc news special, live from the hague in the netherlands, where the verdict in the case of ratko mladic, the former general of the bosnian serb forces has just been handed down. as you heard and perhaps something of a surprise, ratko mladic has been given a life sentence. he was found guilty of ten of the ii sentence. he was found guilty of ten of the 11 charges against him, on one charge of genocide he was found not guilty. yet over the last couple of hours with a break in the middle as they discussed ratko mladic whose high blood pressure and failing health, over the last couple of hours, we heard a detailed reassessment of the evidence heard inside this court behind me. evidence which at times magnified the brutality of some of general ratko mladic‘s crimes. and at the end, thejudge having expelled ratko mladic from the court for his disturbance, ratko mladic stood up at one point and shouted "shame" at the court and swore at the judge and others in the courtroom. it was is courted and the judge continued with his assessment and analysis of the evidence presented to him and just in the last few minutes, to repeat, said that the verdicts were guilty on ten out of the ii said that the verdicts were guilty on ten out of the 11 charges against him. at the moment, we are looking at the reaction from some of the relatives of those killed during that campaign of violence and indeed genocide, perpetrated by ratko mladic while he was the general of the bosnian serb forces in bosnia during the 1990s. with me is the former representative of the president of the bosnian serbs radovan karadzic during his trial at the hague. we were talking earlier about the possible sentence that ratko mladic might have radovan $522 ~— ki. “inf-f: karadzic had a counterpart radovan karadzic had a sentence not of life imprisonment but ratko mladic‘s sentence is a life imprisonment. i think that is the big surprise for the day, the verdicts are not surprising, the same as radovan karadzic was convicted of but a more significance sentence. certainly not practically because any short sentence would be life but to go beyond the a0 years given to radovan karadzic indicates that probably for reasons we will never completely no, it indicated to thejudges he was more culpable. it may have been that he was the military commander and the commander having more on the ground control of the soldiers should have done more to prevent this. it may be that they found his genocidal intent is to be even clearer than four radovan karadzic. it is interesting for me that thejudge read out karadzic. it is interesting for me that the judge read out some of the most inflammatory anti—muslim state m e nts most inflammatory anti—muslim statements that ratko mladic said, you didn't see that same kind of evidence in the radovan karadzic trial. for a whatever reason, they clearly thought he deserved a more punitive sentence. we have pictures now ratko mladic being taken out of the courtroom. he stood up at one point, something he has done before oi’ point, something he has done before or during proceedings, stood up and said "shame on you" to the court and judge, after hearing from his defence lawyer that his blood pressure was high. the in; i w, a sense on this whole process —— he swore it seemed the swore vociferously. it seemed the judge wanted to push through with this, it was a moment the judge wa nted this, it was a moment the judge wanted to show there cannot be impunity for war crimes. yes and this is the biggest moment of all for the victims, one of the reasons why they insisted on finishing the reading of the judgment summary. and i think it's unfortunate the victims didn't get to see the look on general mladic‘s face when convicted in the courtroom. they were able to follow proceedings but were cheated of that moment of closure. nothing will ever make up for the terrible suffering experienced at his hands. but at least the look on his face would have been something. all right kevin, fought the moment, thank you very much. the proceedings here in the court behind us and now, we will delve into those in a moment with the professor and take a look at some of that. but in terms of what has happened here over the last few hours, i think its rights to characterise it as historic, not just as we were discussing for the survivors of the bosnian war and the relatives of those killed by mladic‘s forces under his direct orders. it is also a moment in which the spotlight on international justice and lawful is heavily here. this court has notjust brought justice to bear on the perpetrators of crimes during the bosnian war, it has also kick—started over the last two decades if you like, a whole process through which other conflicts and arenas of international injustice have also begun to be tackled. they will argue here in the hague as international lawyers around the world, that is one of the significant legacies of this court process. matthew, thank you. we will continue to watch that important story from where he is. for now, good morning and welcome to westminster because oui’ and welcome to westminster because our focus will inevitably be here for the next few hours. in an hour and a half or so, the chancellor philip hammond will stand up to deliver his second budget. this time of year always used to be the autumn statement. he has changed about, this is now a budget, the last one was only back in march but how much has changed since then! britain formally beginning the process of withdrawal from the eu, formally beginning the process of withdrawalfrom the eu, the conservatives seeking their majority in parliament reduced after that general collection and the uk prospects for economic growth has dimmed. philip hammond is under pressure to balance the books as he would like but also to ease austerity and made significant tensions now within his conservative party. we will talk about what we might hear in the next hour and a half, discussing what it all means against the backdrop of brexit as well. this report first from our political correspondent. when the chancellor opens his red box to reveal his tax and spending plans, money will be tight, as the government keeps saying. the chancellor's under huge pressure to loosen the purse strings to put more cash into to put more cash into public services like the nhs. but few expect the chancellor to go on a big spending spree. brexit is the backdrop to everything in westminster. the tensions over the talks with brussels and division in government over the eu don't make the chancellor's job any easier. any controversial budget plans like tax rises or spending cuts will be a difficult sell without an overall majority in the commons. the tories‘ hope for a reboot at the general election and the party conference both failed. now many think it's up to the chancellor to deliver a big budget that will trigger the revival the party and the prime minister need. the stakes are high for the chancellor, and with some in his own party wanting him sacked, any slip—ups and he could find himself out of a job. eleanor garnier, bbc news, westminster. let's get more now from our assistant political editor norman smith who's at downing street. eleanor outlined it there, the sta kes a re eleanor outlined it there, the stakes are very high for philip hammond here. they really are and personally high for him as well because after the debacle of the last budget when he had to perform a very quick u—turn over that increase in national insurance contributions, many of his collingswood be unforgiving if there were to be a similar mistake this time. but he is also under pressure because there are huge demands on him to do something radical, to shake up politics, to just give the tory party a bit more momentum. and yet the smoke signals emerging this morning suggest this could be a cautious budget, because when it comes to the public sector pay cap, we know there has been huge pressure to lift it, to easily austerity on nurses and other public sector workers. all the signs are there is not going to be any additional money. what does that mean? it means if there is going to be any easing in the pay cap, it will have to come from within existing budgets, exactly what happened to police and prison officers earlier this year. secondly on housing, which is meant to be the great narrative of this budget, what mrs may says wants to be her personal statement. again we are told there is not going to be a" igbo zoo," when it comes to housing. —— big bazooka. and on housing, a critical point when we had to be head of the nhs saying he could need an extra £a billion, again signs are there will be money but not anything like what is being demanded. all the indications are there that this is not going to be the great big game changing budget that many in his party wa nt. changing budget that many in his party want. norman, thank you for now, more to come from him. we will be talking about the nhs in the next couple of minutes with our guests. a wider sense on things. with all eyes on how the economy is performing, let's cross over to our business presenter rachel horne, who can talk us through what we can expect to hear. the office for budget responsibility, that's the official government watchdog, predicted that this year the uk government would borrow £58.3 billion. but more money coming in through taxes, and lower public spending means that figure is likely to fall. now borrowing is predicted to come in at a significantly lower £a5.7 billion that will certainly help the deficit, that's the difference between the amount of money the government brings in through taxes, and the amount it spends running the country. in 2010, the deficit was running at 9.9% of national income, also known as gdp. last year it was 3.8%. and it's forecast to fall to 0.7% by 2022. the government wants that to fall to zero by the middle of the next decade. but the government also wants to raise the level at which university students start repaying their loans, which could cost up to £2 billion. theresa may wants an extra £2 billion for affordable housing and the dup wants £1 billion for their coalition deal. and the dup wants £1 billion and then there's the productivity problem, even the most carefully balanced calculations could suffer from the economy's ability, or lack of, to create wealth. before the financial crisis, productivity averaged 2% after the financial crisis, that average dropped to 0.2%. that has depressed wages and government revenues. today, we are expecting a major productivity downgrade which will substantially affect philip hammond's spending power. but what else should we look out for? will philip hammond increase borrowing, possibly breaking his fiscal target to balance the books by 2025? a major package on housing is on most watch lists. as is investment on digital and transport infrastructure to try and boost wealth creation. but don't forget, the chancellor is not in control of one of the most important factors affecting the economy, brexit. jane, back to you. more from rachel later in the day. let's get some analysis from mps here in westminster. i'm joined by the conservative sarah wollaston and labour's annelise dodds. welcome to both of you. sarah wollaston, worth reminding viewers you are the chair of the health select committee and you were a gp before you came to parliament. norman smith was talking about money for the nhs, we all know simon stephens is a very large sum indeed is needed. how optimistic argue the nhs is going to get more today? he made a clear case why that needs to happen, i'd like to see a billion today or at least a recognition that a public sector pay rise cannot come out of existing commitments. we have to fulfil our manifesto commitment to fulfil our manifesto commitment to see an actual increase in her head funding because over the next couple of years on current projections, we have low rises and i don't think the nhs will cope with that. how optimistic argue realistically, given the backdrop of everything else we know about and the uncertainty around brexit —— how optimistic argue? yes, indeed, my personal view is we have to be prepared to pay more to fund our health service and social care and i'd like to see some words about a long—term funding so we get away from this culture of short—term planning and think long term not just for social care but how we make other thing sustainable in the long term. labour promises a lot of spending ina term. labour promises a lot of spending in a lot of social areas including the nhs. isn't the concern for you that the voters question how would you pay for it? of course, we set out exactly how we would pay for it in ourgeneral set out exactly how we would pay for it in our general election book, the conservatives didn't do that with their manifesto but we did, how we would reverse some of the tax changes the government puts into place. reducing corporation tax and for the highest earners, we think that's the wrong thing to do and lots of businesses agree with us, saying that reduction and not changing business rates is a big drop in. we've set out how we will pay for that but let's be clear, lots of government positions are costing us in the long run. not a lifting the pay cap for nurses is impacting recruitment and it is filled in by agency and bank nurses who are more expensive. the government is penny pinching and it is not good for the future. sarah made the point she would like to see some longer term investment, so there are people in the party opposite to you that would echo that. the labour party doesn't have a monopoly of good ideas when it comes to this and i would like to see cross—party co—operation, some backbenchers from parties have urged that has to happen. that said, we can't escape the word brexit today, the backdrop to everything, sarah wollaston, and doesn't philip hammond have to run a course of steady as she goes because of that enormous uncertainty facing the country? of course, the uncertainty, toa country? of course, the uncertainty, to a certain extent his hands are tied but there is still scope for us to ta ke tied but there is still scope for us to take a longer term view about how to take a longer term view about how to fund this and that will mean probably all of us contributing to how that happens. so, let's think in the long—term term as well as short—term and i hope we have an indication the government will be prepared to do that today. but i think on that, it's important we deal with some of the long—term challenges very strongly because around productivity, if we have an extra whammy of the kind of no deal brexit the government has threatened, if we haven't dealt with domestic economic issues before then we would be in a terrible situations. labour is asking to deal with some of the infrastructure problems, housing, education falling back compared to other countries, thoseissues back compared to other countries, those issues will be worsened by a no deal brexit and we need to get it sorted now. you said you costed everything in the grey book but opinion polls suggest the public still trusts labour less than they trust the conservatives on the economy, how is that if it is all costed ? economy, how is that if it is all costed? it's changing and it's interesting as the public find out more about what labour policies are we are seeing the gap narrowed. but you are still behind... only 296. against a government that managed to reduce is majority at the general election. if you look at increase in trust over time as people have learned about our policies, people tend to support them as they hear them. they support funding for public services and a tax system not cut back for the very best and the most profitable corporation while eve ryo ne most profitable corporation while everyone else shoulders that burden. they just everyone else shoulders that burden. theyjust needs to hear more about our policies. the idea of you not needing a numberon our policies. the idea of you not needing a number on the jenny mac to show, when you heard ofjohn mcdonnell talking about the cost of nationalisation —— on the marr show. we said you cannot have a one size fits model for this area, because this would the about looking at the franchises as they come up, in electricity it would operate differently. is not sensible to have the same approach everywhere. let's see what philip hammond unveils at 12:30pm and we will discuss it. thank you both, more to come from a number of politicians throughout the day. let's head now to peterborough, my colleague can tell us how the budget might affect all of us. welcome to lawrence david here in peterborough. a leading manufacturer ofa peterborough. a leading manufacturer of a lorry trailers, the company has grown significantly over the past few years, employs around 250 people. i will set the scene about some of the concerns they have. i will introduce our personal finance expert and we will be talking soon about some of the issues that voters would like to see the chancellor address. back to this company that ma nufa ctu res address. back to this company that manufactures lorry trailers, they wa nt to manufactures lorry trailers, they want to see measures from the chancellor that will boost productivity, their number one concern and we have heard a lot about productivity. there is a bit ofa about productivity. there is a bit of a chicken and egg scenario going on here, they would like support from the government to encourage companies like this one to invest in equipment and training and skills of the work force. but because they feel there is a certain amount of uncertainty around brexit, they are waiting, holding back. they will wa nt to waiting, holding back. they will want to see something optimistic from the chancellor today that will push them to spend that money. in terms of the workforce they employ, cost of living is a huge issue. that's because inflation has gone up, it may have peaked at around 3% but it has made things more expensive and simon, one of the things no doubt you will be looking at today. even in a limited budget, there are so many things that will affect people's finances. for insta nce affect people's finances. for instance diesel, there are worries of the chancellor will tax easel drivers in some way more. the housing market, there has been talk about a stamp duty holiday, that would be a big difference for those feeling the pinch at the stage when they want to buy something. but so many other things, benefits facing a squeeze at the moment, will there be helpful people being moved on to universal credit? that's happening this month in peterborough so important here, and tax, the personal allowance, the amount we are allowed to earn before we start paying income tax. will he moved back up again towards that goal of £a500 we have been promised. there are so many things. there are huge expectations on the chancellor philip hammond, we have heard that over the last few weeks and we also know he is under pressure to spend money on the nhs, hayden on for about £a billion although we understand even if there is some funding for pressure points in the nhs, it won't necessarily be that high. some boost for housing, although again not the revolution some are expecting and say is needed because there is a chronic shortage of housing. philip hammond is going to try and please certain parts of the electric and certain parts of his own party. and of course, the backdrop is always brexit —— parts of the electorate. this region voted by 60% to leave the eu and businesses now one philip hammond to get on with it because they want to plan their budgets and look ahead and know what to expect over the next few years. finally simon, before we go back, what do you think in terms of people concerns would be the most critical issue for them?“ so important the amount of tax we pay, that's the big one, but i think the headlines will come from the stamp duty decision because the housing market will be a big thrust in this budget. and the squeeze on benefits, some help for universal credit some people will be watching out for. if you have questions and comments, please give them to us at have your say. and twitter, you can also get in touch through the bbc news website. thank you very much, more from us throughout the day and we will be gauging reaction from lawrence david, the business you its and other businesses we will be visiting. thank you so much, more from them over the course of the day. let's try to assess what sort of room for manoeuvre in hammond might have. exactly as i say his name, there he is, emerging there from number 11. the famous red box... is this a make or break budget? -- is —— is this a make or break budget? are you boxed in, chancellor? any tricks in your red box? so not surprisingly perhaps, the chancellor choosing not to answer those questions from journalists outside number 11. " art you boxed in? is this a make or break budget?" certainly the big political question for today, is it make or break, particularly after the last budget only back in march which was not considered a success. norman smith is in downing street watching all of this. we will talk about the economics of this in a moment but i guess that is politically one of the key questions, make or break? guess that is politically one of the key questions, make or break7m really is a key moment, notjust for this government but for philip hammond personally because his enemies are out there, waiting and watching, and if he fumbles this budget they will be onto him. if this is a budget which fails to really give the government any momentum, others will also be out for him and if there is any sense that if he is downplaying or seeking to minimise britain's prospects after brexit, again his enemies will be after him. there are a lot of people out there in the tory party waiting and watching, and preparing i think for philip hammond to fall. he isa i think for philip hammond to fall. he is a man it seems to me very short of friends at the moment. so, a huge amount of personal pressure on him. never mind the fact of course that there is huge treasure on him to sketch out a slightly rosier economic agenda after the use of austerity, particularly of course pressure for him to get more money to public sector workers who have endured years now of pay freezes and pay caps. all the indications are though that it is going to be fiscal will it —— fiscal philip, the cautious chancellor who will prevail because the signs are there will not because the signs are there will not be extra money to ease the pressure on paperfor be extra money to ease the pressure on paper for public sector workers. in other words, any easing in the pay cut will have to come from existing budgets. similarly on the big issue of housing, again there will be no big bazooka, we are told. this suggests mr hammond is going to keep his eyes clearly fixed on the debt mountain, deficit and on stability and continuity and not the big splash the cash budget. norman, thank you for now. much more analysis from norman and all our guest throughout the day here on bbc news. philip hammond there, on his way to where we are standing at the houses of parliament, to deliver his budget. and you are still watching bbc news as we follow the chancellor's car on that short journey to the houses as we follow the chancellor's car on that shortjourney to the houses of parliament. noisy here as always on budget day. security helicopters ahead but the chancellor on his way to the palace of westminster. we will have prime ministers questions and then he will stand up in the commons. a few lines urging from downing street this morning telling us downing street this morning telling us the budget will adopt a balanced approach, continuing public investment into health while investing in the nhs and public services and tackling what they described as the chronic shortage of housing. a few pointers perhaps to what we might hear from housing. a few pointers perhaps to what we might hearfrom philip hammond in the next couple of hours. full analysis here on bbc news. autumn budget for over 20 years. as we head towards life outside the european union, can spreadsheet phil move beyond the numbers and tell us about the shape of things to come? good morning, live from westminster.

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