>> this is aljazeera america live from new york city. i'm erica pitzi. police in ferguson, missouri will be out on the streets early this morning, trying to maintain calm after a second tense night there. officers arrested nearly two dozen people during protests marking one year since the death of michael brown. at least one officer was seen using pepper spray on the crowd. earlier monday, protestors shut down interstate 70 during the afternoon rush hour. st. louis county is now under a state of emergency. >> andy is live on the ground there in ferguson. good morning to you, andy. we know police made dozens of arrests overnight. what can you tell us? >> calm now, erika, but it did get hot last night. much as it did the night before, but not quite as bad as the nice before. it started with these protests, we had a line of police and riot gear on one side of a majoring street and protestors on the other side yelling back at them. at one point, police moved in around midnight to clear protestors and protect businesses that had been looted the night before. that's when things got a little tense, a little hot. protestors started throwing rocks and water bottles at police and chased after protestors, made several arrests, but really, it didn't get quite as hot as the night before. police tell me the reason why is because they took a more proactive stops. the night before they let protestorses throw things at them, this time they didn't, they dispersed the crowd. protestors blocked east bound and west beyond interstate 70 for a while, stopped traffic during rush hour. 57 were arrested when they sat down and you said the federal courthouse here in st. louis to block traffic there, as well. again, a tense night last night, but not quite as bad as the night before and hopes that it's going to get better than throughout the rest of today. >> what is it latest of the 18-year-old police say they shot after he allegedly opened fire on them? >> 18-year-old tyrone harris still in critical condition at this moment that we know of. police say that he shot at them the night before and they fired back quite a bit in fact, but his family as you might imagine has a very different story. >> he was on an outing, peacefulouting. the friends had a conversation and he just happened to be at the wrong place at the wrong time. >> tyrone harris faces 10 charges in this alleged assault on police. the mayor of ferguson and police chief deaf cried the violence saying a few bad apples were spoiling peaceful protests and hurting the mood of what was a lot of progress made in ferguson over the last year. >> what does the state have emergency mean for the pro tests and police presence and how long will it stay in effect? >> well, we don't really know. it's up can the st. louis county executive how long this state of emergency goes on that. what it means on the ground is that st. louis police are in charge of the protestors while the ferguson police handle routine calls around ferguson. we have to wait and see. i talked to the st. louis state highway patrol captain ron johnson who understands want good news is both sites are being more patient, the protestors and police are being more patient, leading to hopefully a calming down of things. it's up to the st. louis county executive to decide when the state of emergency is lifted. erika. >> all right, andy live for us in ferguson, missouri. thank you. >> a washington post journal is arrested while reporting on the protest in ferguson last year has been ordered to appear in court. wesley lowrie has been charged in st. louis county with trespassing and interfering with a police officer. the summons says that he could be arrested if he does not appear. the newspaper's executive editor calls the move an abuse of police authority. >> toxic sludge contaminated more than 100 miles of a river in colorado and making its way south. today, colorado governor will visit one of the contaminated areas. he has declared a state of emergency. officials say the plume has reached montezuma creek in southern utah and headed for lake paul, an area that attracts several million visitors each year. it affected waters in arizona and new mexico and residents fear there could be more damage. >> i am here on my property and i cannot shower, i cannot cook, i cannot do anything with the water from my water well. my first concern is the next generation and what they're walking into. >> the e.p.a. said it was trying to plug a leak at an abandoned gold mine. the agency takes full responsibility for the spill. >> dan olson is the executive director of the san juan citizens alliance. he said abandoned mines in the west have been wreaking havoc on the environment. >> we are saddened and worried about the future implications of the spill for communities up and down the rivers. it would be wrong to say that we're surprised. unfortunately, we've been living with pollution from abandoned mines in the head waters of the animus for decades if not over a century. it's unfortunate this event happened. the silver lining will be that it raises the specter of this pollution issue that's been plaguing our community for a very long time. it's hard to know at this point, we are waiting on credit criminal data with rewards to what exactly contaminants are and the levels and how it's dispersing throughout the ecosystem. the immediate impact were much less worse than they could have been. it appears fish populations have survived the initial plume. that is not necessarily an indicator for immediate and long term health. no one can adequately answer that question now. that's causing such angsts amongst our community is we don't know. >> the impact is still unknown. the mine is not the only one with the potential to cause problems in the area. let's bring in nicole mitchell now for today's environmental impact report. this spread seems to be getting worse each day. >> this is a disaster shining a big light on a bigger problem. there are 55,000 abandoned mines like this one with that toxic brew inside, and they have polluted its estimated through the west coast about 40 percent of head waters, usually slowly but as the e.p.a. tried to clean this one, obviously there was a breach and the whole toxic sludge, heavy minerals able to get into the water way about that what are those and what does it cause? arsonic in drinking water leads to cancer. lead did he have states the body and has its calcium and nerve transmission. those are some of the type of things that are in this water. in fact, led concentrations spiking over 3,000 times historic levels near durango. let's look at where this is and where that water is all going. as we look at the gold mine and then the river coming out of this, what they hope is that because these are heavy metals, eventually they'll settle to the bottom as they get near lake powell. that is on the border of utah and arizona, but the colorado river also comes into that, so the hope is the metals will settle. there is no guarantee that that will happen. this could mix into other rivers. as i mentioned that mining problem, the reason this happened is as the miners go in, there weren't regulations until the late 1970's. these mines are abandoned. as they mine, within the mountain is going to be water, so the residuals from that have mixed in so all these mines have that toxic mix, this one just got released. >> hopefully this will raise awareness so it doesn't happen with the other mines. >> yes. >> republican candidate rick perry is no longer paying campaign staff. stamp at his national headquarters in austin, iowa, new hampshire and south carolina are working without pay because funds of drying up. last month, his campaign announced it had raised a little more than $1 million for his presidential bid. >> hillary clinton is taking on student debt. the democratic presidential front runner rolled out her you multi-billion dollars plan, proposing $350 billion of new federal spending to help pay for college and refinance existing loans. she says the plan would be funded by putting a cap on certain tax deductions. >> turkey has launched airstrikes on kurdish targets in the southeastern part of the country. this comes as the u.s. and turkey joined forces to launch a new campaign against isil in syria. the political complications include managing tensions between turkey and the kurds. ross lynn jordan has more from the state department. >> the u.s. led war against ice i will is in its second year, but growing more complex. experts say there is much more going on than the coalition efforts to defeat isil. >> the americans want to work with the y.p.g., the people said protection units, the kurdish group in syria, and the turks are attacking that group because they don't want it to expand. >> the long term goal of preventing the kurds creating its own country creates a challenge to the coalition. the turks denied the u.s. access to the air base for launching airstrikes against isil targets inside syria, but they didn't object to kurdish y.p.g. fighters going after isil inside syria until lately may. that's when the kurdish fighters came cross to crossing the river from the east. ing a cara cut a deal to create an isil free zone west of the uprate tees. the zone is also supposed to remain occurred-free. the other complicating factor, turkish forces have been going after the p.k.k. because of recent attacks by the p.k.k. inside turkey. there is a fear that the turks may use what they consider a legitimate security threat from the p.k.k. to justify going after occurred fighters in sir yes and jeopardize the coalition mission. >> u.s. officials say that fear is unfounded. >> the turks have made it clear themselves that certainly inside syria, they're focused on counter isil activities. >> while the u.s. is not interested in giving turkey help to pursue its own political agenda, the focus is keeping both focused on the immediate fight against isil. >> in china currency was devalued today, the central bank trying to link the exchange rate more closely to the market. china's trade was being hurt by currency, making chinese exports more expensive. today's evaluation has triggered the biggest one day decline in a decade. >> a new approach at stopping shootings in chicago. how one woman who lost her own son is trying to prevent illegal guns from flowing into the city. >> los angeles tackles gun violence, our summer of the gun coverage continues next. stay with us. >> welcome to al jazeera america. taking a look at today's top stories, two mississippi residents in custody for allegedly trying to join isil. both are charged with attempting and conspiring to provide material support to a tryst group. the 19-year-old woman and 22-year-old man had been coordinating on line allegedly with undercover f.b.i. agents, posing as isil members. >> zimbabwe lifted its ban on lion, leopard and elephant hunting nine days after cecil the lion was killed. there are some restrictions still in place, including a ban on hunting collared animals like cecil. >> the legionnaire's disease outbreak in new york city has now killed 12 people. city officials say 113 cases have been reported since early july, but there have been no new cases in the past week. the outbreak has been tied to cooling towers and buildings in the south bronx. >> in our continuing coverage of summer of the gun, we look at chicago. it's a city that struggled to contain gun violence. in the last year, more than 1700 people have been shot. some community activists blame the flow of illegal guns into the inner city, and now one woman who lost her own son is taking action against gun stores that she said should shoulder the blame. we spoke to her. >> like countless others, pam bosley is part of a soar roarty of mothers that lost a son to gun violence. he was 18, shot nine years ago. >> i think about tyrell. i wonder what would he look like, would i be a grandmother. would he be married, would he be doing his music, tracking around the world like his friends. >> the shooting came outside this church on the city's south side. he was unloading drums for a rehearsal. she lost more than her son that day. >> when he played the music, we shared the music, and from that day point on, my music in my life stopped, so now i don't really listen to the music. i don't sing it at all. >> she found strength in encouraging communities to respond. for the last six years, the anti violence association that carries his name has sponsored this annual basketball tournament. beyond tournaments and remembrances, she says more must be done to control the flow of guns to the streets. she understand local activists and attorneys are suing three chicago suburbs they say provide a safe haven for gun shops whose guns funnel into the city. >> if they're coming from your villages, you should take care of that. you should not want to be known as the ones who let illegal guns come to the streets of chicago to kill our children. >> they want to implement anti theft measures and maintain a log of gun sales that are later recovered from chicago crime scenes. >> we think everybody owes it to the people of chicago, particularly the african-american population that is the disproportionate gun victim in chicago to try to stop it and make sure the flow of illegal guns for illegal purposes isn't killing people. >> one dealer is responsible for almost half of the guns recovered. they've refused repeated requests for comment. >> we've been asking them forever to be a little more responsible, a little more restrictionive in how they're selling their guns. they just ignore it. it's a money issue. it's all about money. the villages really have left them alone because it's a big tax base. >> when contacted we al jazeera. none of the villages would comment exempt one. the village of loy i don't knows said it is obvious the city is looking to pass the blame on to outside communities and businesses for the crimes and shortcomings in dealing with crimes in neighborhoods in the city of chicago. bosley said it's time to go after the sources of guns before more mothers have to bury their children. >> i go to the cemetery, visit him, i tell him what i'm doing. i talk to him all the time. every day i get up, i think about him all day long. it hurts, because no mother should ever bury a child. it's a horrible feeling. it's something no mother should ever have to go through. >> al jazeera, chicago. >> jennifer london takes us to los angeles, where gang violence often involving guns is a part of daily life in some areas of the stiff. as she reports, crime rates have come down, but some residents say little has changed. >> these are l.a.'s meanest streets, streets with nicknames like death alley. >> no cheating and no crying. >> adrian in a grew up her. when she was 17, her boyfriend was shot and killed in the crossfire of a gang shooting. adrian in a was six months pregnant with their daughter. now a mother of four, she struggles to keep her children suffering the same fate. >> it saddens me because they're not free. i don't permit them to go outside and walk up and down the streets. when he wants to play, he plays on his obamacare in the paved back yard or they're in the air condition of the house. >> here, gang activity and violence are a way of life. there are more than 100 documented gangs here fighting for control over the streets. there has been a spike in shooting this summer with 11 in just one weekend. >> anthony died that weekend. he was sitting in his car at a stop sign saturday afternoon when another car pulled up alongside and a gunman opened fire. he was 47. he was shot, police say after words were exchanged at a gang members funeral earlier that day. >> this is a gang-infested neighborhood, people die all the time. >> they used to roam these streets. in 1974. then they turned their lives around. >> when you look at south l.a. or any urban area, you see high unemployment, joblessness. a second thing that fuels that is a sense of alienation. >> we walked these grounds, ran these streets, but he was a changed man. >> his family asked us not to film reap minders of his old life in the gang, but instead, ask that we emphasize the work he did helping kids. still scattered among the mourners, we heard calls for retaliation. >> we don't do this work, we're going to lose our kids. >> in order to stop it, it's going to take all of us to stop it, i mean gang members, former gang members, mothers, fathers, uncles, cousins. >> in the 1990's, the murder rate topped 1,000 a year. last year were fewer than 300, but that's little comfort to adrian in a. >> it's about the same thing. >> i vents today mark the deadliest riots in u.s. history. thirty years on, issues are still grappled with. >> a man said to me today that all this would not have happened if that the negroes had been treated differently. he said if you treat somebody like a mad dog, he says going to behave like a mad dog. do you believe that? >> i believe that's about right. >> 34 people were killed and 1,000 wounded from august 11 through august 7 in 1965. we'll speak to a historian and author about the impact the watts riots have had in the years since. >> lighting up detroit, the drive to revitalize the city streets is leaving some residents behind. >> books praising vladimir putin's achievements are being questioned by the authors who say they did not write them. >> the federal aviation administration has reportedly known for years that air traffic controllers just do not get enough sleep to do their jobs. the associated press obtained a study from 2011 finding air traffic controllers' schedulers led to chronic fatigue. researchers found two in 10 controllers had committed a significant error. the f.a.a. updated policies in 2012, giving employees time to rest. >> on the tech beat this morning, google is undergoing a major restructuring in hopes that streamlining itself and spurring growth. the search giant will be put under a new umbrella company called alphabet. google will still handle the search engine and you tube. the company's other projects will become separate companies. >> after years of decay, a new light is shining on detroit. the city installed tens of thousands of street lamps. as bisi onile-ere reports, some residents say they are still being left in the dark. >> i'm bisi onile-ere. about two years ago, nearly 40% of all detroit street lights were broken, leaving thousands of residents in the dark. for long time residents, mike mark, the lack which street lights made his community a bleeding ground for crime. some resident feared walking the streets after dark. as detroit was working to emerge from bankruptcy a few years ago, the city created a public lighting authority. with the help of bonds embarked on a $185 million project to repair and lee place 88,000 street lights. so far, the city is ahead of schedule. >> what impact does that have on a community when the lights around working? >> i always say to folks all the times that street lights is not about just sticks and light bulbs. it's about sense of place, a sense of purpose, a sense of safety. it obviously did not have a good impact from that at that particular time point. >> detroit's lighting authority says the new street lights are critical to the city's turnaround, but not everyone is pleased with the results so far. tonight, why some residents are feeling left in the dark. >> you can watch bisi onile-ere's full report tonight on al jazeera. >> a series of books about vladimir putin attributed to people who never actually wrote them. a well known russian publisher printed the books under the names of british and american citizens without their permission. among the titles, nobody but putin and how the west lost to putin. henry kissinger is among the so-called authors. thanks for joining us. i'm erica pitzi, you can catch up on all the latest headlines at aljazeera.com. stephanie sy is back in two minutes with more aljazeera america news. have a good day. >> another tense night in ferguson, missouri, dozens arrested and police out on the streets this morning trying to maintain calm. >> millions of gallons of mine waste filling a colorado river, the toxic chemicals now headed downstream into other states. people are demanding answers. >> for the first time since the fukushima disaster, japan starts a nuke reactor. police are on high alert under a state of emergency in ferguson, missouri this morning. nearly two dozen people were arrested in overnight protests marking one year since the death of michael brown. a fourth night of demonstrations turned ugly monday night. one police officer used pepper spray to dispel the crowds. the uprest follows a day of civil disobedience where protestors shut down a highway. police arrested dozens of people last night and all day monday. is ferguson feeling like a tinder box again? >> actually right now, it is quiet. at night is when things get hot and things got hot again last night, but the good news is not quite as bad as the night before on sunday night. it started last night tense as it always does with 200 protestors on one side and a line of police in riot gear on the other. around midnight, police moved in, crossed the street to start protecting businesses. that's when things got rough, water bottles thrown at police along with rocks. police started making arrests and 23 in all last night, but this all followed a day of protests. you had protestors blocking off two lanes of interstate 70, both east bound and westbound lanes during rush hour traffic. prior to that, about 57 people were arrested when they protested outside and blocked the courthouse doors of the u.s. federal court in st. louis, but the good news is no major violence as we saw the night before when there were at least three shootings. >> there is criticism that a state of emergency and all the extra police it brings is having the opposite effect and increasing tensions. what are people there saying? >> it's a constant push-pull on this one, stephanie. police told me the reason they tell the it was safer last night was because they took a much more proactive approach than the night before. they said the night before, they were letting protestors throw water balance at them and things got out of hand. last night they moved in, told people they would be arrested if they didn't clear the streets. eventually it calmed down. the state highway patrol put his best spin on things. >> it's about that a lot of hard work. we're making small steps. >> there's no word on when the state of emergency will be lifted. for the moment, everyone is just hoping that the nights as they go on will get calmer. >> the family of the man who was shot by police late sunday is questioning the police version of events. what is the latest in that case? >> 18-year-old tyrone harris still as we know in critical condition after being shot several times is facing 10 charges in relation to that shooting on sunday night. police say he shot at them, but his family as you've maybe heard said just the opposite, that he wasn't armed, he was out hanging out with friends. that's another he said-he said. we'll have to sort that out. >> we have want to see the evidence on that in fact, live from ferguson, thank you. >> a washington post journalists reported in ferguson last year during the protests has been ordered to appear in court. leslie laurie has been charged with st. louis county with trespassing and interfering with a police officer. the summons said he could be arrested if he does not appear. the newspaper's executive editor calls the move an abuse of police authority. >> toxic sludge has already contaminated more than 100 miles of a river in colorado, and now the tainted water has made it to utah. the colorado governor will visit one of the contaminated areas. he has declared a state of emergency. the contamination reached montezuma creek in southern utah and is headed for lake powell. it is a major vacation spot that attracts several million visitors per year. >> a river stained with toxic chemicals, a growing disaster that's shutting off a national treasure and poisoning some people's wells. >> i am here on my property and i cannot shower. i can't cook. i cannot do anything with the water from my water well. we came out here together and we looked at the river and we tried. >> an ecology it will catastrophe, sludge trying to the river in southwest colorado, three times more than first thought. >> the magnitude of it was -- you can't even describe it. >> created accidentally by the people responsible for guarding natural resources. the environmental protection agency was trying to plug a leak in an abandoned gold mine. instead, crews disturbed loose lock lodged in the mine, releasing contaminated water down a river popular with kayakers and rafters. as of monday morning, it was still gushing 550 glance a minute, sending a steady stream of mustard colored heavy metal through four states. >> we misjudged and this is something that i'm owning up to. >> the accident happened near silverton, colorado, then headed downstream to tomorrowing to know new mexico. now the popular summer destination of lake paul in utah is starting to see the yellow tide. a state of emergency has been declared. some water in take systems have been shut down. there are fears the spill will wind up in the grand canyon. >> it's scary. it's dangerous. >> at its peak, the e.p.a. said the water had more than 300 times the normal levels of arsonic, 3500 times the normal levels of lead. the river and surrounding creeks have been closed for fishing or swimming, but finishes say brining water across the region is safe, at least for now. >> it's like when i flew over the fires, you see something that your mind and the ready or adjusted to see. >> the e.p.a. said the plume will distate. it's unclear the long term effects. >> this is my sanctuary, this is my place of peace. my first concern is the next generation and what they're walking into. >> coming up, we'll talk about the environmental impact of the spill and talk to one business already feeling the negative impact of it. >> represent presidential candidate rick perry is no longer paying campaign staff. staff at his national headquarters in austin, offices in iowa, new hampshire and south carolina are working without pay because funds of drying up. last month, his campaign announced it had raised a little more than $1 million for his presidential bid. >> donald trump sometime leads the rails for the ruth nomination. post debate polls show 23% support, up two points since thursday. ted cruz is second with 13% and ben carson third with 11%. marco rubio and carly fiorina are tied for fourth with 8% in this poll. >> some critics dismissed donald trump's viewability as a presidential candidate. alan says his political rise that precedence. >> barry gold water in 1964 was a very conservative republican, considered far too right wing to get the nomination. >> he was accused of saying outrageous things. he beat the candidate of his time, governor rockefeller of new york. nobody but nobody was willing to walk through brick walls for nelson rockefeller and no one's going to walk through brick walls for jeb bush. >> he says the reason trump is the most antiestablishment candidate leads the race is because the government is not addressing its most significant problems. >> jeb bush will go on the offensive with a foreign policy speech on fighting isil that attacks hillary clinton. in excertainties, we learned bush will blame the former secretary of state for the rise of isil in the middle east. he will claim as troops left iraq in 2011, clinton stood by as that hard won victory was thrown away. in all her record setting travel, she stopped by iraq exactly once. he will also say it was a case of blind haste to get out and to call the tragic consequences somebody else's problem. bush will make that speech tonight in california. >> hillary clinton has a flew plan to tackle student debt, be giving students access to state tuition grants and a chance to refinance existing loans. we have this report. >> if you work hard, you can get ahead and i want america to have your back. >> hillary clinton in new hampshire with a plan designed to make voters sit up and listen is proposing $350 billion of new federal spending to help pay for college and no need for a loan, or if you're saddled with one, a chance to lower payments. >> it just makes sense. if you can refinance your mortgage or your car loan, you should be able to refinance your student loan, too. >> under continue to know's plan, states that guarantee students would not have to take out loans for tuition would get $175 billion over 10 years. that's $17 billion a year. in return, they'd agree to stop secondary education cuts, increase college spending over time, and work to slow the rise in tuition. >> that money's out there and available for states and when a state meets the criteria, they get that $17 billion and along with whatever money the state would kick in would go straight toward the schools to grants or lowering tuition. >> bernie sanders is giving her a good run for the money in the polls. he plans to make college debt free and tuition free. >> i think her plan is more realistic. bernie is asking for tuition-free, total tuition-free higher education, which is maybe a little less reasonable than what hillary's proposing. >> clinton's plan would be paid for by putting a cap on certain tax deductions used by many wealthy families. latest physician show $1.2 trillion is owed in student debt. 11.1% of it is delinquent. >> i believe our success isn't measured by how much the wealthiest americans have. >> the clinton campaign released a video showing what it says are real life examples of voters burtonned by student debt, unable to buy homes or cars. student loan expert said her plan is bold, but might not reach every lower to middle income student. >> there are some people who need to use their summer's earnings to pay for their own living expenses that they weren't able to use that money to put towards tuition, which is what the plan expects, right? so there's some share of people who maybe would still either have to take out some debt or the parents of to kick in maybe more than they could. >> another hurdle, he says getting all this through the congress, once the election's over. al jazeera, new york. >> two mississippi residents are in custody this morning after allegedly trying to travel abroad and. >> isil. a 19-year-old woman and 22-year-old man were arrested. they had been coordinating with undercover fib agents on line posing as isil members. both are charged with attempting and conspiring to provide material support to a terrorist group. >> iraq's parliament just passed a major reform package. the six-point plan aims to root out corruption and cut spending. it follows twin bombings claimed by isil in shia areas monday that killed 57 people. security fores are stretched thin, but iraqi protestors have been protesting lack of government services such as electricity. we are live in baghdad this morning. parliament passed this package of reforms thrust forward by the prime minister. how big of a deal is this and what that iwhat happens now? >> this was truly remarkable today in a parliament notorious for long delays, bitter debates. they met today and they passed this unanimously before an hour was even up. they even tell islands the session, so they're really trying to prove to the iraqi public that they are doing all they can to listen to the demands of protestors that have come out and demanded an end to corruption, not only the six-point plan by the prime minister, but additional 16 points aimed at battling corruption proposed by the speaker yesterday. this is when it gets tricky, because there are serious constitutional concerns and questions that are going to come up now. parliament adjourned, taking this issue up at a separate time. most likely at a time when cameras aren't going to be there in the chambers, because that's when it's going to get contentious. at a time with such a fragile balance here, how do you rid the country of three vice presidents and three deputy prime ministers and not caused anger among certain political blocs, certain religious groups. the devil very much in the details. this could be a lengthier process than leadership would like it to be. >> of course the continuingion security threats to iraqis. iraqi security forces, didn't they think they had cleared the area of the isil fighters where the twin bombings happened? how much of the country has baghdad lost control of at this point? >> that's a vig point. the iraqi government said in the past that cities had been cleared of isil and yet sleeper cells of the group still remained there. that's why you have these devastating or these horrific suicide bombing attacks that happened like last night. you had one in late july that killed over 100 people. last night, the death toll we heard is over sitting. it's really tragic. this comes at a time when the security situation here is in at that timers, that did he say spate all the claims of the iraqi government that they are winning the fight against isil here. a lot of what we see on the ground they believe is propaganda. you see how the anbar offensive is tough. >> thank you. >> capped date prime minister is vowing to take in more refugees displaced by isil. steven harper pledged canada will take 10,000 refugees over the next four years, if the conservative government is reelected in october. canada has settled 20 for us refugee he is and more than 2,000 syrians. >> a verdict is expected in the case of washington post reporter jason rezion. he spoke inside own defense during his closed door court hearing. we have this report. >> he's been held in the country's prison in solitary confinement. he and his journalist wife were arrested in 2014 with two other photo foe journalists. all were released except him. >> every day that you continue to hold him in prison is difficult for him and his family. >> his imprisonment is called an abomination. >> every aspect, incarceration, trial, the conditions of his imprisonment has been a disgraceful vials of human rights. >> >> the newspaper appealed to a united nations human rights panel to help secure his release. 450,000 people have signed an on line petition, calling for an end to his deat the same time and urging press freedom. at a black tie dinner in washington in april, the president of the united states spoke about rezaian's imprisonment. >> for nine months, he has not imprisoned for writing about the homes and fears of the iranian people. we will not rest until we bring him home to his family. >> the obama administration failed to make his release or that of three others held in iran part of a recently secured agreement to limit iran's nuclear program. the white house maintains the issue will be raised separately. that tactic was criticized by some in the u.s. congress. >> they continue to poke us in the eye and continue to spit in our face. it would just be ludicrous and outrageous for us to have a deal with iran that doesn't include the bringing home of our hostages. >> that's exactly what's happened, leaving rezaian's fate now in the hands of the iranian court. al jazeera. >> six days of violence that left dozens of people dead, coming up, we look at 50 years since be the watts riots in l.a. and whether the community has changed for the better. >> growing up amidst gun violence, the trauma an children and how they have to cope on their own. their own. ♪ ♪ ♪ get excited for the 1989 world tour with exclusive behind the scenes footage, all of taylor swift's music videos, interviews, and more. xfinity is the destination for all things taylor swift. >> on the heels of another night of protest in ferguson, missouri, the watts riots in south los angeles in 1965 brought violence. >> from new york city to detroit to san francisco, race riots broke out in a slew of american cities during the 1960's. the watts riots endured in the public memory, the cry heard in the streets was burn, baby burn and that's just what south l.a. did. >> a man said to me today that all this would not have happened if the negroes had been treated differently. he said if you treat somebody like a mad dog, he's going to behave like one. is that too extreme or do you believe that? >> i have to go along with that. >> a white highway patrol officer pulled over a 21-year-old black motorist he suspected of drunk driving, as it got physical, on lookers rushed in, believing they were seeing another example of excessive force by a police department many viewed as an occupying force in watts. buildings were burned, businesses looted, blood spilled. the riots lasted six days and covered 46 square miles of south l.a. 34 people died. more than 1,000 were hurt. more than $40 million of property was damaged, about $300 million in today's dollars. many in the black community calmed what happened a violent reaction to years of second class treatment at the hands of whites. >> you can't go along with a person if they don't go along with you. the white man has not gone along with us. by doing this, we feel we can make them go along better than they have been doing. >> a commission was appointed shared by a former c.i.a. director to find out what led to the week of violence and suggest solutions to prevent a repeat. the investigation found police brutality and disrespectful and abusive behavior created a deep and long standing schism between the negro community and the police department. it urged changes in policing methods. commissioners urged investment and better housing for health care far black residents. it sounds as fax as the racial unrest that continues to playing american cities. >> another familiar scene that persist is militarization of the police force. the l.a. police force was full of exservice members and future police chief daryl gates would spearhead the creation of the nation's first paramilitary swat team. >> a professor of history in of a attorney studies at the university of houston gerald horn joins us. i want to get into the issues that historians say led to the watts riots. start by giving us a sense of the scope of the uprising. >> 45 and a half square miles is the area of conflict. that's larger than manhattan, larger than the city of san francisco. it's estimated that tens of thousands of people came into the streets on the evening of august 11, continuing for almost a week up until august 18, 1965. >> the definitive report on what happened was done the same year by the mccone commission and it found that systemic inequalities in these areas, housing, education, health care and policing contributed to the watts riots. how much has changed since that report? >> it's been a mixed bag perfect first with regard to hoursing in southern california, at the same time that wages are stagnating, the rental market in particular has seen a spike upwards in terms of rental costs. in terms of police misconduct, what's going on in ferguson, what has also where he could baltimore is an indication of the fact that what happened in los angeles 50 years ago has become a national phenomenon. >> then you have the issue of education, and i understand that leading up to the riots in watts, the board of education in southern california had actually rezoned districts to make it so that black students were in overcrowded schools, so there were real concerns. do those concerns continue to% today? >> well, not only do they%, they're are further layers of complexity. for example, south los angeles has turned into a largely latino area and by lingual education has become a persistent issue of the day. at the same time with the attacks on immigrant populations from latin america, there has been a squeeze on funding for by lingual education. there's been a mix. there were halting steps toward firm and i have action. the los angeles times decided that it would be better to suffer with a integrated labor force. they thought it would be better to fight fires with a racially i understand graded labor force. they moved in a halting way towards affirmative action, but the supreme court has thrown road blocks in the path of affirmative action of late, which will become more significant in the supreme court term. >> the seating rights act we've covered on this program. it was passed in that same year and signed just days before the watts riots broke out. critics say that those rights are being rolled back and that that is disproportionately affecting the african-american community, as well. >> you are correct. the votings rights act was signed into law by president lyndon johnson days before the riots in 1965. that law had been gutted. 1965 marked first significant steps toward immigration reform. immigration reform which opened the doors to an influx of immigrants from latin america and asia that has to answer formed california and the nation as a whole. >> we saw those racial tensions arise in the 1992 los angeles riots. thank you for your perspective on this important historical moment. >> attorney general loretta lynch will be in pittsburgh as part of a national community policing tour intended to highlight innovations in policing to create trust between officers and their communities. >> saudi arabia's foreign minister meets his russian counterpart in misco to discuss the ran nuclear deal and war in syria. >> a meteor shower tonight, it will be visible for the next few days. the best time to see it is right before the sun comes up. >> unrest in ferguson, affecting businesses. we're live with how they're dealing with the protest. >> millions of gallons of write orange water filled with chemicals in colorado now spreading to other states. >> welcome to al jazeera america. it is 8:31 eastern. canada is open doors to refugees displaced by isil. the prime minister said they will take an extra 10,000 people from iraq and syria over the next four years but only if his party is relegend in october. canada has settled more than 20,000 refugees. >> two mississippi residents are in custody for allegedly trying to join isil. the 19-year-old woman and 22-year-old man had been coordinating on line with undercover f.b.i. agents posing as isil members. both were charged with conspiring to provide support to a terrorist group. >> another night of violent unrest in ferguson, two dozen people were arrested. it was the fourth day of protest marking one year since the death of michael brown. st. louis county is under a state of emergency. let's go back to andy, who has been covering events in ferguson. it was another tense day, another tense night in ferguson between protestors and police with numerous arrests. how would you compare that with the night before? >> the difference last night is that police tell us they were much more proactive last night dealing with the protestors. the night before, they were allowing they said protestors to throw things at them like water bottles and rocks and just hanging back. they thing that helped cause to leading to trouble that led to shootings. last night they were much more proactive in dealing with the crowd. they got inside into the crowd, ordered them all to go away and clear the streets. they say that's why although there were some water bottles thrown and about 23 arrests, they say that proactive approach is what's helped to keep the peace much better than the night before. after things calmed down last night around 2:00 in the morning, a group called oath keepers showed up. they are civilians heavily armed. they say their big push is to uphold the constitution, specifically gun rights, the second amendment, but they basically milled around the crowd and there was no issue with them. >> can you tell me about them? are they local residents or people from outside that have come to ferguson? >> last night, they were local residents. they are a nationwide group, they were heavily, heavily armed, with big assault weapons, but it's all legal to do that for them, and they showed their weapons, but they talked to some of the protestors but by that point it had pretty much calmed down. i think the oat keepers were letting police do their job prior to when they showed up. >> businesses have been struggling to recover since last year. how are they dealing with these most recent protests? >> it's still been tough. from last year in november, when the grand jury declined to send charges against the officer in the michael brown shooting is when all the looting and fires began. a lot of those businesses are still boarded up. one woman moved her business to another location. that's part of the proactive approach that police tried last night. they moved into the crowd to go past the crowd to start blocking those businesses to prevent them from being looted as they were the night before. even if they reopened, a lot of customers don't want to go back to that area again and that's a big problem for them. >> live in ferguson, thanks, andy. >> in our continued coverage this morning of the summer of the gun, eight months into the year, baltimore said homicide count has hit 200. that is a dramatic rise from last year when 211 people were killed in the entire year. july was the bloodiest month since 1972. >> in chicago, the total shootings for the year so far now top 1700. that out paces last year by 200. murders are up in the windy city. 281 people have been killed so far in 2015. forty more than this time last year. >> the sounds of gunfire in high crime neighborhoods is traumatic especially for children. jacob ward looks at effects kids can experience. >> he remembers his childhood in richmond, california before krakow contain arrived. >> everybody was middle class and it was nice. after crack hit, it was the worst scene that you ever want to see. you're hearing gunshots every day to where somebody could let off a 100 round drum of bullets and a kid wouldn't even flinch. >> in 2014, the united states saw more than 11,000 homicides with a firearm, 1.3 homicides per hour, but 911 calls are how official gunfire statistics are compiled. that's just what's reported to police. here's what gunfire in the u.s. really looks like. there are at least three times as many shooting incidents, 4.4 per hour. data reveals for every shot we know about, there are 25 to 50 bullets we don't. >> unfortunately when somebody fires a gun, people call 911 only 20% of the time, so the first challenge is that four out of five times, nobody knows it happened, except the person who pulled the trigger. >> to get a better sense which what's happening on their streets, city's like richmond use microphone from shot spotter, which detect and locates the sound of gunfire. >> i think if the american population knew just how many shooting incidents there are in which bullets were flying through the air and little kids are listening to gunfire five, 10, 15 times a night, i think the reaction about the gun debate would be a little different. >> this is east oakland, an area plagued by gunfire. let's assume that there's a lot more of it going on down there than had previously been reported. what is it doing to the kids who live in this neighborhood just to hear as much gunfire as they are? >> terrance bow who treats kids just released from prison said it has psychology can that effects and trauma of guns drives kids to pick up guns to feel safe, a terrible cycle. >> because of the trauma that they've faced, self actualization, self-esteem, transcendence all these things higher up are just not even in the realm of consciousness or possibility. it's down around physical and biological needs, safety and security. >> the best understood result is the impact on the brain. >> impacts on attention, memory, on regulation of emotions. >> new science suggestion the trauma also takes a toll on the body. the adverse childhood experiences study is a landmark piece of research which discovered in a survey of 17,000 patients that early trauma is clearly linked to the risk of terrible illness and early death. the health threats weren't just from behavioral dangers like alcoholism and sexually transmitted disease. the study also found childhood trauma set people up for obesity, cancer, lung and heart disease in later life. the trauma isn't just painful, it may be physically toxic. >> the traumatic experience is felt, and responded to, and what we find is that it's held within the body. >> the science suggests that how parents process trauma themselves could help their kids fight it off. his greatest wish is to protect his daughter from what he's experienced. >> inside the inner city communities, they have commandments just like the bible. they have commandments of the hood, thou shall carry a gun, not snitch, letting her know that you don't have to live by none of these commandments. >> don't do it. >> i'm proud of you. >> demanding answers this morning, officials in several towns in colorado and new mexico want to know about long term threats to the water supply after more than 3 million gallons of toxic mine waste spilled into the river. the full impact of the spill is still not known, but the mine where that took place is not the only one with the potential to cause big problems. let's bring in nicole mitchell for today's environmental impact report. >> these are mines abandoned for decades, unregulated at the time and no ownership of that. the e.p.a. goes in and tries to clean them up. this one just got let loose, others are leaking slowly. 40% of the water ways in the west have been contaminated from run off like this. it just takes a big event for us to realize that is going on. this spill sent all those heavy metals into the water waste, some lead concentrations over 3,000 times historical numbers, arsonic levels, over 800 times, safe levels, a lot of pollutants. those things do like cause cancer, birth defects, things of that nature if son assumed. this is a big problem across the area. here's a map to show you where that is. some of this has been picked up in no mexico. as this gets into other river ways, headed toward lake paul. the hope is that the toxins are heavy and won't travel as far. thousands of mines have leak acknowledge problems from old mines practices and they sit there and have been slowly leaking. even after this is contained, this is a huge problem in portions of the west in many water ways. it's just not usually so much all at once. >> the e.p.a. was investigating these mines. >> they were trying to plug it and instead caused this problem. >> nicole mitchell, thank you. it's not clear the long term health effect, but there are short term business impacts. joining us is a business owner impacted by the skill. he is the owner of the biggest rafting company in durango. that city declared declared a state of emergency as the cleanup continues. thanks for being with us. i imagine this is usually a pretty busy time of year for your business. how have you been affected by the spill? >> well, it's absolutely a busy time. we've been shut down completely by this spill on the river through durango, unfortunately. we're optimistic to getting back to rafting in a week or so, but the long term effect on business are undetermined but significant. >> was this a decision you made on your own because of safety concerns you have because people are afraid to go in the water or did officials shut you down? >> initially, when we heard about it, yes, we decided to pull all our trips that afternoon as we heard the plume was approaching. later that day, officials closed the river and it remains closed. we did close prior to to that, but now it's in the sheriff's hands. >> do you feel like you are getting the answers as a business owner with interest in this area directly impact by this spill, like you're getting the answers you need from the e.p.a. on what's happening and what's being done to clean it up? >> it's been slocuming. it's improving the communication as time goes on, but the initial response and communication and transparency of what was happening was slow and extremely frustrating. >> i understand that you've had to cancel some hundreds of reservations for rafting trips as a result. >> yes, many. hundreds june how many? >> exact figure i don't have, but we normally are carrying about 152200 people per day this time of year. >> you've got staff i presume in colorado that runs the rafting operation. how are they impact and how are they reacting to what they are seeing in the river? >> they're impacted heavily. they're used to coming to work and putting away money for the off-season and so forth this time of year, and not only are they impacted financially, but it's emotionally impacted. when you see what the widespread of your community, it's a huge part of the town, we play in the river, take our kits to the river, recreate on the river, to see it this way is painful. >> knowing the location of the mind and you heard our nicole mitchell talk about the other mines in this area that potentially pose toxic dangers, were you prepared that this could happen? >> you know, it's more in the back of our mind. we know those are up there and we know there's been abandoned mines. we knew cleanup was on going and efforts made to move things in the right direction. to say we were prepared for an event of this magnitude, no. >> any idea when you'll get back to business, alex? >> well, we're optimistic in about another week we'll be back on the river. we're going to take an abundance of caution. where certainly safety is going to be first and foremost in our minds with our clients, and we don't want to get on the water until we know it's safe and enjoyable and there's not a concern there. >> alex joins us from wyoming this morning. thanks for your time, alex. >> ok, thank you. >> the legionnaire's disease outbreak in new york city may be slowing. 12 people have died, but there have been no new cases in the last week. at least 113 people have been affected since early july. the mayor expressed the importance of early treatment. >> it is vital tomorrow that because this is not a con stage r. take thous disease and because it is a disease that can be treated with antibiotics, it is still crucially important to inform anyone in the affected area that they must get care immediately. >> water cooling towers are suspected as the source of the outbreak. >> this friday, the united states will raise its flag in cuba for the first time since 1961. secretary of state john kerry will be in havana to see the banner wave over the recently eopened u.s. embassy. many are already embracing the flag, as you can see. >> i used the american flag because the americans respect cubans, just like we respect americans, and with these new relations, maybe they will lift the blockade. >> thousands of people are expected to attended the flag raising ceremony. last month, the cuban flag was raised in front of the country's embassy in washington. >> it's been less than a year since u.s. sanctions on cuba were eased and some cuban businesses are already reaping benefits. we have more on the country's emerging middle class. >> still closed and yet so far away, a nation that took a different road from that of the united states. it became am place frozen in time but an underperforming socialist economy, until now, because after decades of decline, cuba, it seems is on the move once again. >> i first came to cuba in 2001, 14 years ago. everyone expected to do so a lot of ching in the next few years, but i see change already. there are more cars on the road, people are better dressed and there are new businesses. >> a parallel economy developed. analysts estimate more than 1 million cues work as independents, who don't depend on the state, but make their own money. we met roberto. cubans with technology are kept connected. across town, julio alvarez torres restores to perfection cuba's well known retro cars. his business keeps growing. he hopes normalization will mean he can import spare parts more easily. when asked whether he considers himself a capitalist or socialist. he says more than anything, he's just tired. >> i feel like a capitalist. i have no life of my own. i don't have the time to pay attention to anything else but my business. >> from socialism to the drive of capitalism, officials insist reforms have remained true to the revolution and some say cuba's had little choice but to do something different, but the changes will be making way for a growing middle class in a supposed classless society. al jazeera, havana. >> you can watch the full report tonight at 8:00 eastern. >> japan restarted a nuclear power plant today for the first time since the fukushima disaster in 2011. it will operate under new safety rules. we have more from tokyo. >> inside the control room at the power station, a crucial moment for. >> nan's nuke industry. >> you cannot predict accidents. that is why accidents happen and here, all of the necessary precautions to prevent an accident have not been taken. >> the emergency cooling systems were disabled. toughened standards mean anything approaching that scale would be impossible here. one former nuclear plant designer said restarting a facility is fraught with difficulty. >> if you have tweaked something, that part needs more inspection. this is more than 30 years old. they needed to review safety on that basis, too. >> japan's prime minister who overturned the previous decision to phase out nuclear power, this is an important part of his economic recovery plan. fossil fuel imports have caused electricity to jump by a quarter since the fukushima disaster. the majority of the electorate still opposes a return to nuke energy. polls consistently suggest that around 60% of japanese people are against the plan. >> residents living nearby are divided in their opinion. there are concerns about the emergency evacuation plan, specifically that local government rather than tokyo or the power company will be responsible for it. others say the local economy needs its main industry to get going again. the power station restart is now underway. by friday, it is due to start providing electricity to the national power grid. by september, it's expected to be running at full capacity. al jazeera, tokyo. >> big changes at google. the company is changing its entire structure to help stay relevant. >> i don't really kn >> welcome back to aljazeera america. it is 8:53 eastern, taking a local today's top stories. ohio supreme court said judges cannot refuse to perform same-sex marriages based on reege beliefs. the opinion is non-binding. >> a wisconsin judge ruled the young suspects in the slenderman case will be tried at duties. the two girls 13 years old are charged with the attempted murder of a classmate. they told investigators they stabbed the girl to please slenderman. >> two men convicted of parachuting from the top of one world trade center have been sentenced to community service. the pair along with another man jumped from the believe in 2013 when it was under construction. they were charged with misdemeanors. >> the u.s. postal service lost more than half billion dollars between april and june, but that's actually an improvement. the postal service reported a $2 billion loss during the same period last year. officials need to increase the focus on digital innovation since male volume is on the decline. >> on the tech beat this morning, big changes for google, creating a new company called alphabet to house its businesses. we have more. what is google trying to do? do we have the change the verb from googling to something else? >> they want to keep innovating and staying relevant and the company needs to make changes in how it does business. >> tech giant google is reodorring, separating businesses under a new holding company called alpha belt. company founders larry page and sergei brin will because c.e.o.'s and president. google will be one of several companies under alpha belt's umbrella. >> google said alpha belt was a reference to many different parts of their company. they say it's an alphabet, the best bet they can make, the future of what of google needs to be. >> paige writes they want to make the company cleaner and more accountable. it started as a search engine but has expanded to self driving cars and google sensing contact lenses. >> a lot people argue it got too big and disparate and this mikes it more entrepreneurial and bureaucratic at least potentially. >> google will continue to focus on internet service, mapping and you tube. >> who will lead the other companies, that has yet to be announced. as for the stock, the company says all going the shares will automatically convert to shares of alphabet under the same ticker symbols. >> nfl leaders meet in chicago today to talk about whether los angeles should get a professional team for the first time in more than 20 years. the san diego chargers, oakland raiders and st. louis rams all want new stadiums and think l.a. may be the place to build one. one or two teams could move next season, but a venue would not be ready until 2018. >> at astro puts that have taken their first bite of lettuce thrown in space. they say it's awesome. nasa has been working on the experiment to better understand how plants grow in orbit. >> coming up from doha, the war in yemen, government forces making against against houthi rebels. that's it for us. have a great morning. ng. a bit of anarchy! >> punk legend, john lydon. >> my weapons are words, not bullets and bombs. >> turning childhood anger... >> i was left-handed and the nuns seen that as a sign of the devil. >> into hit music. >> it's a perfect introduction into becoming a sex pistol. >> every sunday night. >> i lived that character. >> go one on one with america's movers and shakers. >> we will be able to see change. >> gripping... inspiring... entertaining. "talk to al jazeera". tonight, 6:30 eastern. only on al jazeera america. >> my name is imran garda. the show is called "third rail". when you watch the show, you're gonna find us being unafraid. the topics will fascinate you... intrigue you. >> they take this seriously. >> let me quote you. >> there's a double standard. >> you can't be a hypocrite. >> you're gonna also get a show that's really fair, bold, never predictable. >> they should be worried about heart disease not terrorism. >> no, i wouldn't say that at all. >> you'll see a show that has an impact on the conventional wisdom, that goes where nobody else goes. my name is imran garda, i'm the host of "third rail" - and you can find it on al jazeera america. >> hello, welcome to the news hour live from doha. coming up: >> saudi backed forces make against against houthi in a key yemen province. >> iraq's parliament approves new reforms aimed at cutting government corruptions. >> anger in japan as the first nuclear power station since