big stadiums like chelsea's ground on saturday, and also a wembley stadium on sunday. but big concerns to this drive needs to reach 1300000 people just in the capital alone, who haven't had a single dose. and that translates as many millions of people across the country. and corona wise cases and hospital admissions in the us, acceleration is the one to search continues. the number of infections has increased by 40 percent compared to last month. while the numbers in hospital have risen by around 45 percent. experts predict the on the kron variant will soon become the dominant strain there. thousands of soldiers, an emergency personnel adjoining rescue efforts in the philippines. the southern and central regents were hit by one of the strongest storms in the world. this year . at least 31 people were killed. more heavy, rain and northern iraq is expected to hamper rescue efforts following flash floods . 12 people died in the deluge. the united states, as it is prepared to talk to russia about its demands to curb nato activity in eastern europe. moscow wants nato to limit new membership and restrict activities and former soviet countries. for minneapolis, police officer can potter has apologized in court for the fatal shooting of a 20 year old black man during the traffic stop his face and charges of manslaughter. for the death of dante right. she claims she meant to draw her taser instead of her gun. geoffrey abstains, alleged partner in crime won't be giving evidence in her sex trafficking trial. glen maxwell told the judge in new york that prosecutors hadn't proven the case beyond reasonable doubt. she's accused of the crate, recruiting teenage girls for her former boyfriend, epstein to have under age sex with. well, those are the headlines on al jazeera inside story is coming up next. thank you for watching. ah, ah, ah ah, good vaccine hesitancy do rail africa's battle against covert 19. hundreds of millions of jobs are arriving at last, but many africans are reluctant to get one. so what's needed to turn things around? this is in type story. ah, hello and welcome to the program i'm dead in obligate. developing nations in africa have waited months for coven 19 vaccines as richer countries hoarded supplies. while that remains a problem, the shots are arriving. the world health organization says 430000000 doses have been delivered continent wide so far. but only 7 percent of africa's 1300000000 population is fully inoculated. far behind the rest of the world's b, w. h o 170 percent, but that's not expected to happen for another 3 years. hesitancy to get jobs is another problem. south africa has delayed shipments from both pfizer and johnson and johnson because of concerns it stockpile may expire before being used. or correspondent nicholas hack found similar issues in senegal, a precious and life saving vaccine, free of cost. and yet no one at this coven 19 vaccination center in downtown to car, wants to take it. some passer buys, asked nurse, been dead yellow if the vaccine will make them sterile. others wonder if it will give them a heart attack, or if they'll go blind up despite her assurances the vaccine is safe and could protect their lives. people don't trust her. there's lot of it so much misinformation so much nonsense. talking about clothes and vaccine just like talking about politics and has become an issue that divides people. let's make this clear. we need to get vaccinated to protect ourselves and our loved ones. it's the only way among those refusing to get vaccinated is t. v, pundit and emergency dr. barker and young while he treats patients infected with coven. 19 young is famous for his postings on social media. near argues that as long as a western pharmaceutical companies refuse to wave patents so that vaccines can be produced locally. they should not be trusted or used on africans. no one, i'm do you cuz it's not a vaccine. it's a product being tested on people. that's why people are getting sick despite to vaccine, too much fear misinformation and not enough vaccines means that only 10 percent of africans have been vaccinated. nigeria, home to 200000000 people is only inoculated. an average of a 1000 people a day. in senegal, more than 200000 expired doses, have been destroyed, is where the coven vaccine is being stored. it needs to be kept between chew and 8 degrees celsius. the challenge is to get those vaccines in remote health centers, where the ambient temperatures is around 40 to 30 degrees celsius. also, it's a race against time for health workers to get as many people inoculated before these doses expire. for nurse jello. the new variant is spreading faster than we think, partly because of widespread misinformation. this vaccine hesitancy has a cost perhaps barely visible for now, but she fears a wave of infections lies ahead. nicholas hawk al jazeera de car, all the johnson and johnson vaccine as being manufactured in south africa, government leaders, they are have pledged to donate around 2000000 doses to other african nations. for me, the miller has more from johannesburg. south africa said to manufacture just over $2000000.00 doses of the johnson and johnson vaccine, the vaccines will be distributed to other african countries over the next year through the african union. also for just 70 percent of africans have been fully vaccinated. and this distributions expect the benefit to the lowest income countries quickly as possible. and that's the spice, the u. s. c, d c, flagging concerns along some side effects and proposing that other vaccines be used rather than j and j. but so that's a can, it's, let's say they have not seen any alarming signals in local studies and that while they are aware of side effects their way and the benefits of the j and j vaccine outweigh the risks. south africa bio vac institute will also start making the 5 the vaccine early next year. and south africa role will be to finish and full the vaccine manufacture process. once that vaccine is received from europe, the old house organization and others are working on establishing africa's 1st covert vaccine technology hub. now that's as the vaccine companies have been criticized, but not doing enough to help african and developing countries. while south africa will now play a great role in the manufacture of vaccines, it's along with countries like india continues. vaccine, tate and waiver to allow for the manufacturer of vaccines and more countries. they all companies in south africa trying to develop their own vaccines. but as long as pharmaceutical companies refuse to share information on vaccines, the rollout of african manufactured vaccines will take far longer for me to mila for inside storage. hannah's book, ah, let's not bring in our guest. joining us from johannesburg is helen reese, who's the chair of the regional immunization technical advisory for africa, for the world health organization. for my robi and my bonnie co founder of coven, kenya, that's an association which uses social media to create awareness of coven 19 issues . also from johannesburg, karsten ocho a lawyer with an interest in human rights and global health issues. thank you so much for speaking to us on inside story, helen reese from a start with u. as we've been reporting, millions of vaccines have now been dispersed across the african continent, yet vaccination rate stand at around 7.3 percent. with many countries, in fact, hovering around one percent, that's according to data from the african centers for disease control. to what extent is vaccine hesitancy contributing to that low vaccination rates? well, i think let me start with saying that one of the reasons for the low vaccination rate was the delays and getting back since to many countries. and if we go back even further, that was a delay in global funding and a delay in the companies themselves, in some instances actually sharing vaccines with things like the co fax facility or the african union initiative. so, so that's the primary reason that pushed this delay, but now you're right, we are seeing some hesitancy. but the hesitancy here has kind of got a couple of combination reasons. the 1st is that in many settings, it's not easy to access the vaccination services where we're talking about no resource countries where health systems were already under a lot of strain. and that means that people will have to go and q, they'll have to wait in clinics, and they'll have to travel long distances to get to try and get a vaccine. and all of those things are disincentives. remember that many people are and for workers. so if it takes a day to travel to queue to get a vaccine, that can mean that you, you don't want to do it because as a days in count gone. so there are very real social drivers of, of hesitancy that we sometimes forget. but the other reason is the same that you've seen this, you know, throughout the world is, is disinformation misinformation. and then genuine reasons of hesitancy such as, are the vaccine safe? were they developed too quickly, or are they okay to, to give to my teenage children or to, to young adults. many questions that are legitimate questions that we need to answer. ok, all important points and we're going to drill down into them a little later. but course the no co, what's your point of view on, on this, and would you say that vaccine hesitancy is a problem from, from what you've seen in the research that you've done in did, i think vaccine hesitancy is an issue. and thanks to the colleague also explaining some of the issues that contribute to, to fax and hesitancy. one of the issues as well. i think that she touches on that. i want to speak about the issue of trust. so there is a long history of, of mistrust between the communities will receive vaccines and, and medical services. and the people who are behind the scientific research that is, that is done in many parts of the world. so everything from, you know, the kind of clinical trials are done where, where people are subjected to, to clinical trials, we found the consent. so all of these things don't how, especially when we have a pandemic like this, they just make things much worse. but yeah, i would definitely agree with that for me, trust is a very key issue, but communities have between themselves and and the suppliers manufacturers of actions. ok, thank you so much. and i'm at vonnie from nairobi. can you give us an overview of the situation and can you? yes, it's similar in some ways to south africa, but we have poor infrastructure in some ways. hesitancy is also to do is quite mild, but the issues about access and the delays in starting the vaccination program have been the same. in some ways. we have less less, some of the kind of conspiracy theory stuff happening in kenya. you know, in south africa you have a lovely constitution and people know their rights here. our government is different. so the government has been threatening people. but people on saying, you know, i need to look up to my personal freedoms because we don't really have a sense of that so strongly. and it's more people need reassurance. they need simple explanations and they need the vaccines to be easily available. and we had them landing at the airport, but getting them out to remote counties and response populations is much, much harder. a hellen read to you. i spoke about some of the logistical problems that are, that are facing some countries over in africa. can you give us a, a sort of an overview or some contacts as to where we actually are with the vaccine rollout and are there some countries better equipped or supplied to look after their populations more so than others? perhaps? yes, well, as you would imagine, the country is that the richer countries in the region such as south africa have got better infrastructure. and so it's been easier, although not easy, but easier to, to really scale up a national program. but as i said in many countries are small, we have fragile states. we have areas that are conflicts and many have foss populations, migrant population, nomadic populations which are difficult to access. if you think about, sit down, for example, at the moment, there are areas and started and that has to be flooding. but anyway, in the rainy season, the road access is extremely difficult. so for each country, they'll be a specific diagnostic of, of, of how easy it is programmatically to get vaccines out. but having said that, we do have the experience of getting vaccines out for the childhood immunization programs in every country across the region. and in many countries, we've had high rates of childhood immunization for many years. although we'll see in big countries like nigeria that you might have high rates for example, around lagos, but lower rates once you get into, into other areas. so we do have a backbone and learnings from that. and we do now have tools that have been developed either but health organization and the world bank that have looked at country readiness, programatically to receive the vaccines, to store the vaccines, to roll out the vaccines and to communicate on the vaccines and countries are doing the self assessment before the vaccines to assist them in time to remedy the areas which are weakest in terms of vaccine roller helen, even though. 2 that the world health organization has been warning for many months now that targets to vaccinate the continent with in fact not be reached. so would you agree that what you see on the ground really confirms that it's an uphill struggle going forward? well, it has been an uphill struggle. and as i say, that is also because of access to vaccines and, and because high income countries in the early, early part of the pandemic purchased many of the vaccines that were available, making them not available to groups. as i say, the african union has an initiative and kovacs as a global initiative, wanting to purchase vaccines, fellow middle income countries and for the african region. so, so that has been one of the problems. now we are seeing that the flu vaccines and the last quarter of this year, and certainly in the 1st quarter of next year, is beginning to really increase. that's really good news. we've also seen the high income countries now offering donations of vaccines, which is great. and to be really encouraged, one of the problems, however, has been that some of those donations have had vaccines with short shell flies. now you can imagine if you are in a setting where are programmatically, it's difficult to roll out to, to get vaccines out into the periphery to maintain cold chains, to mobilize clinics and communities than if you've got a short shelf life that has been quite a struggle and that's certainly something that's been discussed between recipient countries and donor countries as well. but to be encouraged, but we need to think about the logistics of what sort of vaccines are going to be suitable for donation karsten or no co. you've said in an opinion piece that leaders over in africa need to make health care a priority. what does the pandemic taught us about the state of health care in countries on the african continent. so, and did the state of health care lisa not to be desired. they are many structural issues that go back many day kids that have not been dissolved. and i think when we have the pandemic, what to just does it is that it exists a base, a situation that is already quite bad. so everything from the fact that, you know, as i said in your opinion piece, there's not enough resources made available for, for, for health care and, and some of the structural policies, structural decisions that i made. a states shy away from budgeting, sufficient money. so if i speak about the african community, for example, there is the a boucher declare ation where states committed to, to, to set aside 15 percent of the budget for health care. and this has not been happening in actual facts. what has been happening is that the funds or the resources available for full access to all k have been reducing over years. so yes, the, the structural issues with the, the logistical challenges, the infrastructure challenges. but also one of the things that we have to speak about is, is the impact of conflict of the african continent. many countries have puts geographical logic, graphical, puts that are not accessible because of conflict. and for these communities, whatever it all out is made, it means for them it's, it's not i handle that health care work and what just something that had a mentioning a moment ago. but carson, let me ask you this. do you also say that class to an extent class and race also help explain the mismatch between vaccine intention and action? can you elaborate on that point? how so? yes. so for me the, the, the issue is that we see the impact of politics. so, class and race playing at all, we see how western nations are able to, to hold vaccines in collusion with flux in manufacturers. we see that that is even when vaccines are available enterprise but is a more in african continent. so african countries have to pay more for vaccines, and yet the boxes are still not available. and the people who are prepared to pay less have the vaccines in greater partners. so we see all of this. we see the role of, you know, the, the people who are excluded from, from health care. so the notion that if we vaccinate one part of the world, and in the, in the global north, that these people who live in that part of the world will be protected from vaccine, from, from, from the pandemic. sorry. and now we start to see with the new variable on the crime cases or staging forward and people know that you realize, but in actual fact, be the message that busy passed by lots of activities that no one is safe until everyone is safe. actually true. and now people are trying to play catch up, right, but a lot has been lost already and mad bonnie: to what extent this was touched upon a little bit, i like to go into more detail on this particular issue. and that is the economic reasons, to what extent economic reasons a play a role here. some people are reluctant to give up a day's work to travel in order to go and take a vaccine, aren't they? yes and the especially when there's uncertainty that you would actually get the vaccine at the end of the day. like at the moment we're not very well organized in kenya. as has been mentioned before. we have a backbone of, of vaccine rollouts, but that's usually childhood vaccinations. so the expectation is the young young mothers probably would bring in a child on a weekday and that's a normal low level thing. but now we're looking a mass adult vaccination and we really need vaccination centers open on weekends and in other easier to reach places. so the, even in the cities, people are saying, you know, i could spend half a day going somewhere. and i don't know, i forget the vaccine, and i can't even myself who i've been working on this is some time. but i, i don't know where to direct people because that information is constantly changing and it's not easily available. now that's multiplied if you're in a rural area and you need to travel. but another element of this is that if you have health care and you know that your, your okay, if some, if you get side effects, then obviously you're more, you're going to be more comfortable going to get a vaccine. one of the room is that is going around is that you have side effects, you may not be out of work, and that is affecting poor people who don't trust the health care system necessarily. so they're not feeling comfortable to go. and out of this distrust, i mean, it predates covered and vaccinations, doesn't it? it's not so. so it's a little bit different here in kenya. and generally there is a, i think, trust is very, very important. but it's also because people are very frayed from the pandemic. people already scared and frightened economics comes into that, you know, our economy has been, it's really hard. we haven't actually seen that many cases in kenya in the same way . so we're not as frightened author of cove itself. and that's a, that's a problem. like the blonde as worried about it, so they're not taking the measures, but at the same time, people are just exhausted. so adding an stressing which creates a source of uncertainty is really difficult and, and there isn't much trust in the government to say, you know, the governor telling me to go and get vaccinated. let me go there's, i should distrust it because of government says something. people are suspicious, right, helen? my they're in are, has said that it was working on plans to bottle doses of it's coven vaccine, somewhere on the african continent. and that could take place as soon as 2023. so is that going to make a difference? you think for both people who remain vaccine hesitant and who don't trust the western pharmaceutical companies. if you mentioned madonna or madonna, of course would be is, is that it would be regarded as a western vaccine, but also 20. 23 is a long way off, and we've got 2022 in which we need to get nearly as many of the world's population to have a basic primary series of a vaccine. and this should be just about any vaccine that's available, but a complete series. and the reason we're saying, just take the vaccines that are there and available, is that nearly all the vaccines have a positive impact on reducing severe disease hospitalization. and at the moment, that's still what we're focusing on, we're focusing and particularly in our region on not overwhelming our health services, the health services are already overstretched and often have limited resources. so if you get a huge wave and unvaccinated people, it will be the unvaccinated that will be admitted to hospital and that will quickly overwhelm a limited resource setting. so in terms of madonna and madonna is a good vaccine, there are many good vaccines out there, but 2023 is a bit too far away. and i think most of us would have preferred to see vaccines like the modern, a vaccine in the continent at an earlier stage. alan, would you like to weigh in? i saw you nodding along. yes i, i mean we have some people worrying about which vaccine they're going to get and trying to shop around. and we're also just encouraging people to get whatever they can get easily. but i don't think that's really a huge concern. the general concern where there is some worry is about side effects and we can reassure people they just need a conversation and to see other people who have been vaccinated. but i agree like 2023 let we need something. we need things much faster than that. are kirsten and and final word to you i. i saw you nodding along as well. yeah, i mean i think that it is high time we accept that we we, we do not have the luxury of time. i think the multiple ways of coverage continue to show this to us. and it is our time that governments are really step up and take on the responsibility of providing health care. we have to accept that the, you know, the, the free by kids policy that are so infused into public health. where we have to depend on companies to provide vaccines is not working for the majority of people to improve access to vaccines. and that is a call that you make to just forgive me there, but these cost to scale up the public health system. i mean, is that possible given the amount of stress the systems are, are under right now. so if we don't do that, then we collapse what little health care systems we have. so we don't have the luxury of time. i don't think, but we can sit back and say, because you're in the middle of the pandemic, we cannot be doing this thing. but this moment of public health case is should be a wake up call, and we should be looking at solutions today, or we can be waiting until 2020 to get people vaccinated. no one knows what your mutation of the of the, of the virus will be like in 2022. and then it could really overwhelm the public health system. so once again, ok, we'll leave it there. thank you so much for joining us. thank you. helen reese and mother bonnie and carson oak over appreciate your time. thank you for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting our website al jazeera dot com for further discussion. you can go to our facebook page at facebook dot com forward slash a inside story. you can join the conversation on twitter or handle is a inside story from myself and the whole team right here in delphi. thanks for watching the bye for know. ah ah and a, it's the political debate, so that's challenging the way you think. have agencies fail hated the situation is, was them. it was before the after. it's in the found both and digging into the issue is a military advancement going to stop the family to guy is under a company to drive to help people out of that. how will climate migration differ for those who have and those who don't have lot of countries, we will pay poor countries to keep refugees there. a park with me, markham, on hill on al jazeera, the 20th centuries 1st genocide, thought to have set the blueprint for the holocaust is too often overlooked. the sand will come in very everything. but for some reason, the sand refused to bury these people. they won this story to be taught over a century on the injustice still echoes down the generations and the path to reparation is not an easy one. namibia, the price of genocide, people and power on al jazeera a . ah ah, ah. the charges there with me, the whole rahman, doha. reminder of our top news stories, a record number of cave in 1900 cases have been recorded in the u. k for the 3rd day in a row calls from across the political divider. growing for the british government to bring in more restrictions. 93000 infections are registered on friday and case numbers nationwide of increased by about 39 percent in just a week. but the death rate remains relatively low. government has been pushing for a faster vaccination drive, a booster shots. the bunker has more from london the government. it's really weighing up. it's.

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