we must protect and restore the world's forest. and i believe we can do it as we saw in this declaration today. let's also galvanized a radical shift in public and private finance. let's channel funds toward securing the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities and shipped trillions towards supporting sustainable jobs. to large explosions have gone off near a military hospital and cobbled before runs of gunfire. at least 19 people are confirmed dead. there's been no claim of responsibility for the attack so far. in ethiopia, state media is reporting all residents of addis ababa have been asked to register their weapons in the coming to days. this comes after rebels, antique ry. say they're in control of 2 times on a major highway leading to the capitol, priyanka group to reports. there's a new frontier in it to your pierce war, rebels, antique. i say they're advancing for the south, inching closer to the capitol, addis ababa in just a few days. the rebels from the northern te gray state said they have seized the talents of to say, uncommon culture, which i and the neighboring. i'm horace state. the 2 are on a major highway leading to the capital, addis ababa. the federal government has disputed the claims we have with this siege on figure is broken well to make sure that our children are not dying from hunger and starvation. we'll have to make sure that that will access the manufacturers to buy out. so we'll do what it takes to make sure that this is broken. if flood is monitoring plotted, it takes to get it, and we will. prime minister arby amad has asked all this europeans to organize and fight back. and for the original, there are many challenges, but i can tell you with certainty, without a doubt we will score a comprehensive victory in the last 15 days when t p o left was crying about being attacked, i was overwhelmed with pressure from the world phone calls now that they are advancing, it is seen as normal and no one is calling to go for. the u. s. has been calling for a ceasefire. secretary of state antony blinking. tweeted saying the u. s. is alarmed over the t p. a less takeover of the towns to say and culture and is urged both sides to stop fighting. but there are concerns that violence could escalate to green rebels joining forces with the oral more liberation army, an armed group in the region surrounding the capital of this. there is a new marriage of convenience alliance between at least the faction of the autumn when the gratian front and the lat. because the abbey has managed to alienate the of the, including someone has. so he is really increasing the isolated. and the d. p is trying to take advantage of that situation as well as and his families like these. what being the highest price for the shifting bat line for 15 years war that's dragged on for nearly a year. more than 2 and a half 1000000 people have been forced to leave their homes and around 400000. on the brink of families, bronco hooked up to 0 least 10 people have been killed in an attack in booking a fast. so it happened in the countries north close to the border with nisha official say for other people may have been kidnapped. troops have been deployed to the area of the search is now underway in washington, the white house is welcome to private mission to me and my by a former us ambassador to the united nations washington isn't sponsoring bill richardson's trip, but says, in hopes his efforts will help get aid supplies in to me in the un says about 3000000 people are in need of assistance. those are you headlines. the news continues on out to 0 after the campaign against the climate. i'll see you a little under 30 minutes. ah, this your child or you want to talk to me right now we're doing a documentary about climate change. well, this is simple science look up, the higher c o 2 levels are leading to a greening of the earth. and so i don't, you know, do you think that's a bad thing? so, so mold you to indigenous fears, a good thing. oh, yes, i think so. absolutely. with imagine a world where you can't trust science. let me tell you about a group of men who's tried to convince you that just that a group who wants you to doubt climate change. ah, this is the story about how these men were promoted by the world's largest oil companies. ah, the story of a campaign is impacted our world forever. oh, this is a scientist from nasa who's come to the american senate with a message to the world. which you here in a moment. while you hear it, try to guess what year it's from. dr. hanson, if you start us off, we'd appreciate it. okay, thank you for the opportunity to present the results of my research on the greenhouse effect. the global warming is now large enough that we can ascribe with a high degree of confidence, a cause and effect relationship to the greenhouse effect. ok, this is from 1988. that was when a phones looked like this, the internet looked like this. and it was when the world realised that climate change had to be taken seriously. that's what side us call the greenhouse effect and have a longer all that good mean devastating changes to all life alter. it's largely a problem of our own making. we're running out of time to find a solution. scientists predict arise in temperatures that will eventually melt. the polar ice caps, forest fires in the west. food riots as the sahara desert spreads the land of if it's been prevented, cold if it didn't exist and to clear who defeated in 1988 the you and established the climate change organization i p. c. c. where scientists from the whole world agreed with james henderson, glass and welk lead as listened. those who think were powerless to do anything about this greenhouse effect, or forgetting about the white house. and then the evidence is that the damage is being done. we can't just do nothing. this is more than 30 years ago. only the world was ready to act on global with. but something happened at dublin to the seo to counter to the atmosphere will produce a tremendous greening of planetary in the years. following james hanson's speech, critics appear on tv. the theoretical speculations about future warming a have no good scientific basis. we would like critics who question climate change weight of this global warming thing? it sounds like a scam. well, i think you're seeing it now. we told you this was, this is one of them. oh, i spent most of my time in newspapers and magazines, and on t v and radio to argue against climate action and against panic, the economy would actually improve if we have a doubling of background, greenhouse gas. how can it improve? well, because we might have a longer growing season, i'm fairly glib, i'm fast on my feet. cool on tv, and i also do my homework. in the years after james henson's speech, jerry taylor was hired by the think tank kato, my name is jerry taylor. i'm the director of natural resource studies here at the cato institute, kato hired people like me, primarily to change public opinion. and that's what i did. there may be some extreme events that occur down the road and we don't know what the chances for that might be. the climate skepticism is entirely dependent upon the promotion of doubt about the underlying science. james hanson it. nasa thinks it's maybe 710121520 percent. other scientists think there's probably more like 0.3 percent. the denial about the underlying sciences, the critical is the critical junction that event while toilet takes a sick of water meat mock marano hold on. i my only be looking at you, are you sitting there just to their side? the like, my job essentially is covering the global warming movement and communicating to the public. the latest findings. do you look at the, the satellite data? we are, we actually have had no significant warming since 1998. actually no warming. we've been cooling and recent years. you had a background as a salesman, congest. how was a well, that was really i, i was adored. i worked at the door to door salesman, which is a actually a great background to build narratives in the meat. now, when you only have 1520 seconds, you've got to work on your sound bites and you've got to work on your, you know, you're building a narrative to a customer. i. that was a great training ground for being in media and communications. marana is communications director for committee for constructive to morrow, or c, fact an organization whose focus is on communicating that climate change isn't that big problem? so how does he do that time? i believe an a television and debate strategy. you have to make the other person defend their stupid idiotic comments. bill nye say global warming will cause many bad weather events. and guess what? bad weather. 2 events happen all the time, and then i also go in with rapid fire facts. bottom line. we've gone the longest period without a major u. s. category 3 or larger hurricane hitting the u. s. since at least 1900, maybe the civil war, bottom line, new study in the journal nature peer reviewed. no change in you. i believe in this what bill and i just did was waste everyone's time explaining that c o 2 is rising . i believe it should get you should crush your opponent before i get here, wait a minute, wait a minute. are you a scientist? i'm not a scientist, but i do play when on tv. occasionally. the people don't take positions because they find themselves reasoned into those positions. they take positions that they want to take for emotional or india, logical reason. and then they mobilize their reasoning power to justify taking the positions they want to take. we can ok, and this is jerry taylor's recipe for doing just that. today's a lot of people who don't know what the think about climate change are being told by people like me. there's a relative non event is the same sort of wolf crying that the environmental movement is done from time immemorial. you know, 1st we were told, there was a population bond that was going to wipe out humanity and that bomb never went off . and we were told we're going to run out of fossil fuels and agricultural commodities. we're all going to starve that never happened. and this is just the latest iteration of the usual story from environmentalists that if we continue to go down last a fare, capitalist roads, we're going to blow up the planet and destroy mankind. ah, there's something in the pictures you can't see. it's essential to live. and breathe it out. breathe it in. oh c o 2. now some politicians want to label carbon dioxide a pollutant. imagine if they succeed, they call it pollution. we call it life. this tv commercial is from the think tank competitive enterprise institute. and so is myron ego. it's clear that the earth is granting and so i don't, you know, do you think that's a bad thing? competitive enterprise institute is a conservative american think tank and myron eagle headsets department on energy climate and environment, iron able beliefs. the climate debate started like this, global warming as a political project was initiated in sweden, in early 19 eighties. they needed a recent, essentially, to increase tax revenue. i mean, remember, i think you're aware of this and in denmark that the welfare state at needs a lot of money and it needs more and more money as it goes on. ah, oh that climate, skeptical pundits you've just met, work for interest organizations and think tanks. think tanks are like the arsenals for the war of ideas. there are the places where ideas are then weaponized and public policy terms. and then they are vigorously argued and promoted on capital hill, and on t v radio. and so kato was extremely influential because it was one of the largest of right of center thing tanks of the united states still is i had a lot of visibility because again, invested in communication. so taylor is spreading climate skepticism from one of the most influential think tanks in the usa. jerry taylor tells us that his arguments build on calculations from research a patrick michael's also employed by kato, any one who goes around and says that carbon dioxide is responsible for most of the warming of the 20th century, hasn't looked at the basic numbers, the climate, skeptical pundits get bare arguments from a group of climate, skeptical scientists, physicists and climate scientists, fred singer, is behind the organization, science and environmental policy project, s e p, p. s e p. p is behind the so called leipzig declaration, where some 100 scientist raised doubts about global warming, some 100 a. so climate scientists actually signed it appealed, put their names down and warned about taking hasty steps against global warming. and global warming was still an a. they phantom problem the global warming was no mark. oh, so on one side we have james hanson and a lot of un scientists. and then we have a number of scientists and pundits who say the exact opposite with our is that possible? be, naomi arrest kiss. harvard professor decided to investigate just that. so in the early 2, thousands, the american media were presenting climate change is a big scientific debate. and that struck me as weird because none of the scientists that i knew thought it was a debate. so i decided to undertake an analysis of the peer reviewed scientific literature. the i p. c. c. had already stated that most of the observe warming was likely to be due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. so i pose the question, how many papers published in peer reviewed scientific literature? this agree with that statement? i'm to answer that question. naomi arrest his looks up, research papers for global climate change. the words appear in 937 scientific papers to arrest his reads them all. and what i found was none. there was no dissenting public publish sanctuary. period literature on the basic question of whether or not men may climate change was happening. and i'm a professional historian of science, so i thought, well, if i don't know this, then probably a lot of other people don't know it too. and so i wrote a small paper in 2004 called the scientific consensus on climate change. that paper changed my life because immediately the paper was published i started getting hate mail, threatening phone calls, people filing complaints against me to my university. people accusing me of being a communist. stalinist rescues comes under huge criticism and she doesn't understand why until she's at a conference in germany shortly after over beer after the sessions. one day i was just chatting with some colleagues. i mentioned how this very strange thing had happened to me. and one of the people there was eric conway, i mention the name of one of the people who was attacking me. and eric said, when they only, you know as the same person who attacked shari roland over the ozone hall. and he told me this amazing story that i knew nothing about at the time that the scientists who had worked on the ozone hole had been the target of attacks in which people claimed that there was no ozone hold that the science was wrong. that the scientists were fraudulent, that the scientists were communists. all the things that i was being accused of these great nobel prize winning scientists had also been accused of. and so eric said to me, yeah, when we get back to mark, i'll send you. i'll send you an envelope with a bunch of stuff. so he sent me this package arrives a few days later and i take out these papers that he sent me and it was like you could take out the word on hole and put in climate change and he could take out the word roland, imprint, rescues, and otherwise, it was identical. hm. ah, with on a spring day in 1998, a group of men meet at the oil industry organization, american petroleum institute. with a number of oil companies are represented. companies like exxon. let's see exxon, c, e. o at the time. explain who they are. we are the largest private company in the world . our company sells a 1000000 barrels a day of product. that's a 1000000000 gallons every 3 dates. back to the american petroleum institute, a p, i where some of the biggest players in the oil industry meeting. one of the participants is myron able, they solicited advice because we had certain kinds of expertise that they didn't have a, it was an industry effort with some help from people like me. in documents from this meeting, you can see a clear purpose. victory will be achieved when average citizens understand uncertainties in climate science. and when these uncertainties become part of conventional wisdom, according to the documents big oil, once the public to doubt the science behind climate change in. and it wasn't scientists who invited to the meeting. i'm not an energy analyst expert and i'm not a climate expert i. i have a certain amount of experience in translating a policy into into action. and i suppose that was what they are interested in. be at the meeting strategies worked out. that paper was lay to leaked and it shows how the oil industry plans to spread doubts about science ah, strategy paper describes a national media relations program, which in a different ways will influence the media by recruiting and training scientists. it also explains that they will try to influence journalists. this one john stossel is even mentioned in the paper titled as program chill out. because after i researched the global warming scare, that was my conclusion. we ought to just chill out in the paper from the meeting shows the mind set of the world's largest oil companies. despite the fact that the un, several world leaders and most scientists clearly point in another direction. the oil industry wants to raise doubts about the science behind climate change me the strategy paper explains how schools to be influenced by an initiative called national direct outreach and education. ah, many universities like harvard regularly receive funding from private companies. this is a perfectly legal, common practice many prestigious universities. jeffrey superman is a ph. d student. we'll join him at a film, screening in $21700.00 bill for kennedy center announced screening of a film time during normal essentially, until it tells you about how for the foreseeable future, we're going to be relying on fossil fuels, how renewables are way off in the distance, not right now, not really reliable, and frankly promoting hoss truths at best about enough it's ability of continued fossil fuel usage grange them with that, or what we're seeing or right. well, with your susan's, if you has the permit your home and surely this is a reasonable film until we dug just a little bit beneath the surface the academic talking heads, the ones that were present to this professor. the universities, without exception actually will have deep ties to the oil and gas industry from consultancy relationships to running sensors, reliance and fossil fuel funding to literally being on the boards of natural gas companies. and producer of the film was show oil company, the director of the film. he was a v p of oil and gas company that's taking $300000.00 from shallow company. so you see a pattern emerging episodes like the film screening prompted jeffrey superman to write a ph. d with naomi rescues as his supervisor about the connections between the oil industry and academia. let's see what he found out at receives massive funding from several oil companies. stanford's energy department also gets millions from the oil industry. the university denies that sponsor control. it's research and on its website, the university emphasizes its academic independence. but a few lines later, it's described who really decides what research to fund. final decision about funding is made by the management committee, which includes one person from each of the responses and the main sponsor, who has a say in what research is funded, is exxon mobil berkeley birthplace of the 1900. 68 student uprising has an energy research center in which the oil company be p as invested millions. according to jeffrey super and b. p has a say. and what will be researched. exxonmobil says it funds universities to promote green technologies. and shell tells us that wants to help solve the serious climate challenge. why is this a problem? i mean, if they use their money for doing some research for good, what was the book when the very people, the very institutions they're supposed to be solving the climate crisis, a fundamentally reliant on the industry that has the most to lose from their work. that's a pretty big conflict of interest. jeffrey super, thanks to the many millions are intended to influence students, teachers and scientists. the strategy come straight out of the playbook. the a p i. strategy paper also states informing teachers and students about uncertainties in climate change will erect a barrier against efforts to impose kyoto like measures a measure put in place to limit the emissions of c o 2. and that's why in the medical research community, there are a stablished practices there established rules by which one must disclose these kinds of conflicts of interest. many universities used to receive millions from the tobacco industry. but in 2131 universities including harvard, decided not to let tobacco companies sponsor health research. we have nothing like that in energy and climate. ah, ah 25 years ago. and a new era in television news in the middle east began with a 2 part documentary series, mocking the 25th anniversary of al jazeera, telling the story of the channel launch. and now it became a recognized global brand. ah, this story of al jazeera, a unique puff, compelling journalism we keeping our distance because it's actually quite dangerous . ambulances continued to arrive at the scene of the explosion inspired program making. i still don't feel like i actually know enough about what living under fascism was. light, how much money did you make for your rural and deliverance? i made that al jazeera english crowd recipient of the new york festivals broadcaster of the year award for the 5th year running in the vietnam war. the u. s. army used to heidi toxic had the side with catastrophic consequences. agent orange was the most destructive instance of chemical warfare. a decade later, the same happened in the us state of oregon. these helicopters flying over the ridge brang something, and they didn't even see the case. the 2 women are still fighting for justice against some of the most powerful forces in the world. the people versus agent orange. on al jazeera, the u. s. is always of interest to people. all right, the world people pay attention to what we're doing here now does either is very good. they're bringing the news to the world from here. ah no again, peter darby here and though how the top stories from al jazeera, well, he does have agreed to n deforestation by 2030 handing the you and climate summit and glasgow is 1st major deal. it is part of a greater push to limit the rising global temperatures to $1.00 degrees celsius in the coming decades. if we want to keep the paris goal of 1.5 degrees in sight and support communities in the front line of climate change, we must protect and restore the world's forests. and i believe we can do it as we saw in this declaration today.

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