But they are strategically geographically quite important, especially poly comrey. This is a small provincial capital but it brings the taliban presence much closer to cobble itself. And it also means that in this way, the northern afghanistan, its really on the mazata sharif, which is a very big, very important Government Stronghold. Its just about the last Government Stronghold in the north. A chinese caught her sentence, the canadian man to 11 years in prison after finding him guilty of spying. Businessmen, nyqold bobbo, was detained alongside another canadian citizen in 2018. Canada sees their cases as politically motivated. Wildfires of killed at least 65 people in Algeria 28th of those were soldiers who died during a rescue operation. Fires have ravaged forests and at least 16 provinces. Since monday, amnesty international says brutal acts of sexual violence have been used systematically as a weapon of war and to grow the rights groups as the C O P N And Era try and soldiers raped hundreds of women and girls, subjecting some to sexual Slavery And Mutilation Amnesty Secretary General says they could amount to crimes against humanity. A british diplomat has been arrested in germany after being accused of spying for russia. He said to have sent documents obtained from his workplace to a representative of a russian intelligence service. South african president , Sir Ralph . Oh sir, is testifying, and a Corruption Inquiry involving his freed. This was on the commission was set up the prob, allegations of corruption during Jacob Zoom as 9 year, 10 year as a headlines. The news continues here on now just here, off the inside story. Stay with us. News, news, news, news, news. The climate change is getting worse. Some of the damage is reversible. Un panels later defacement follows decades of warning, but also listening. How do we combat so called climate fatigue and ensure action. This is inside the ah ah, how theyre welcome to the program. Im can vanelle a code read for humanity, a wake up call for the world. Just some of the latest reactions to the biggest Un Review of our Woman Planet since 2013. The inter governmental panel on climate change says theres no longer any doubt that humans are heating up the oceans, Land And Sea by burning fossil fuels. Some of the damage such as melting polar ice sheets and now reversible wildfires, heat waves and floods will likely become even more extreme, even if we drastically cut Greenhouse Gas emissions. Youve been telling us over 3 decades of the dangers of allowing the kind of warm the World Listen but didnt hear the well listen. But it didnt. Us act strongly enough. And as a result, climate change is a problem that is here. Now, nobody is safe and its getting worse. Foster the report comes at a crucial time and a head of a major un climate summit in glasgow in november. Your secretary of State Anthony blank and says government send a private sector must work together with urgency to protect our planet, u. K. Prime minister, boss johnson, whose government is hosting the summit says the report makes a sobering reading. India described. This is a Clarion Call for developed nations. Its urging them to take immediate steps toward reducing carbon emissions. The European Union struck a more hopeful note. Its deputy climate chief said the report shows, its not too late to turn the tide with the president of the comp 26 summit in november says despite the di predictions, we still have time to limit the damage. There is one of the key message to take away from this, which is that the future of course is not yet. Richard. And the very worst of climate change is still avoidable. They by, we look back to periods in 2015 world. Leaders got together and said that they would do everything they could to limit. Global temperature rises to well below 2 degrees and aiming for 1. 00. And what the support shows that 1. 00 degrees is still achievable, but that it is retreating. I was retreating fast ah, rabbits bring in our guests and reading the u. K. We have richard ellen, professor of climate science at the university of reading ad, one of the authors of the I P. C. C. Report. In melbourne, we have granted Laskey And Associate professor at the national institute for global health at the university of melbourne and the author of climate health and courage. And in london, tom book, chairman of e 3, g, the generation environmentalism thing. Thank everyone. Welcome to you all. Thanks for joining us here on inside story. Id like to begin with you, mr. Ellen, so that we lay out whats at stake before we get into this conversation. If the world continues on its current trajectory, there are pool finds that the world could warm by 2 degrees by the year 2060. What will or would that, that will look like the sun suggesting this report is pretty clear that were already seeing extreme rain, extreme heat intensifying. And thats just a one degrees see above pre industrial. So the to decrease the o. A higher, more warm welton. That is going to intensify these extremes even more. And as a b, as already been shown in your report stated in your report, because theres still time to avoid the west and dangerous climate change if we act. Now. All right, Mister Tom back. Why have we been so unable to change the course of the climate crisis so far . We have been talking about this for years. Yeah. Youre right about that. And its not because the scientist has been telling us that we should pay attention. The military has been telling us since the end of the last century, we needed to pay attention the public because not really got very anxious as the experience there. Having a fires and floods has validated their view of the science. But the people who are not listening or the politicians, we know what we need to do in order to avoid the worst kind of a fax of trying to change. And we know we can afford to do it. What we need now for the politicians to step up to the plate and do the policies that we need to make whats possible real, mr. Blast gay. You know, when you, when you talk about this, we talk about wildfires becoming more common heat waves floods. Everything with thing at the moment is just going to get worse is they are climate anxiety. Im wondering particularly among young people who have grown up with this information. And what does that look like . What we seen is really a triple whammy at the moment where weve got this, i say say youre the expert to saying. So you have to find in 2000000 use at the same time, the facts on the ground in the northern hemisphere. Grace tricky burning. And here in australia we saw all these without very hall wives summer. The 23rd Thing thats really driving needs is the fact for all of the Pan Jeremy Space of the white pool. I think to humanity, not in charge the works. So all these things have come together and you know, why . Once the penny drops, the people that i call and change the serious stephanie, now you can see us and it creates a lot of stress and anxiety. Busy especially when she side are you seeing that in your clinical practice . Absolutely, were having a lot of young people who amongst, you know, the stress of lockdown beings around and now saying a. Busy lot of maybe around climate change, very concerned about the future. And i spent quite a lot of time with them talking about the Hope Budget and saying is a scary taller. But you know what, were going to need a lot of young smart people to do well at still do well at uni and be part of the solutions and working on this urgent transformation. We may mr. Tom, back on the other side. Maybe not so much in the younger generation, but on the other side, are we seeing people with climate fatigue, people not caring so much because it doesnt feel like its impacting them immediately. No, i dont think were saying that i dont think it really isnt a problem with the public, whether the old or young polling all over the world shows arising level of anxiety as i grant was describing. But what were seeing are the incumbents, the people who are, who have really entrenched interest in the current energy system, digging in very deeply and resisting change. And so thats why i put the emphasis on the politicians. Because in a sense, the politicians, the public needs the politicians to protect them from the efforts of incumbents to stop us changing our energy system. Ok, i want to paul ok and come back to how we get Policy Change in a minute. Id like to come back to you, Mister Allen, the report says that humans are unequivocally to blame for what were seeing. But does, encouraging people to get engaged in climate change on an individual level. Will that make enough of a difference, or does it need to be stopping those big misses at the top . Does it need to be only policy down if you know what im saying . Well yeah, so you get to the point. So in terms of individuals. Sure people can see whats going on in terms of the climate change and see the science, and they can take various actions themselves. But if everyone does a little bit unfortunately will achieve only a little bit. So everyone needs to do a lot in the only way that can happen is for governance for cities, for companies to take leadership and cause large sco and rapid reduction in Carbon Dioxide emissions. Mr. Burke, we should talk about opportunities to address climate change. What are some of the most obvious opportunities that are out there right now in terms of building for a better future . Im thinking about smart ways of building and smart ways of living. Well, youre absolutely right to pick on smart ways of building the most rapid way and the cheapest way. And the most dramatic way we can reduce emissions is to reduce the carbon associated with heating and cooling our buildings. And thats the processing. And that should take priority, but after that, the things we need to do are to change the pos system. Basically just stop burning fossil fuels to make an actors, they, and use the renewables and the increasing technology on storage thats available. Busy to make electricity without carbon, and then we need to get rid of very importantly next to get rid of the use of, of fossil fuels from mobility. So that means 1st and foremost, electric vehicles for cars, for light transport. But then as we go further down the pipe, we need to invest enormously in getting carbon out of shipping and getting carbon out of ation. But right now the best thing to do in transport is to get the Salary Deployment of vehicles. So those are the priorities for getting forward. Now there are some other things we need to do that are going to be more difficult, but we need to by time now so that we get the easy things to do done very, very rapidly. Indeed, some of those things, i mean, they seem from, from the outset, just hearing about them, like quite radical shifts. I want to come back to you, mr. Blackie. I wanna talk about the idea of connective efficacy. The idea that if we all believe that we can make a change, then there is, and if theres a societal shift towards making a change, that we can all be effective together. Because its very interesting when you look about, look at whats happening with the pandemic. You know, we all know we need to end the virus. We all know we need to get, we need to get vaccines across the world in an equal way, and yet we cant seem to do it. So what hope is there for us being able to band together to, to make an impact on climate change . Well, its really interesting. Its a brand new study at dr. Bar rebecca, patrick and colleagues, ive a 5000. 00 australia and i found that a straight and 3 times more worried about climate change then cause it at them. Im just really interesting and thats what were saying. Yes, we said cautiously. But in the background, particularly because we experience that a huge fires the end of 20 feet is a real collective will to do something. And so definitely that collective way of approaching things is going to be absolutely essential. Also think, you know, years i should never feel like i have to or can do everything on the banding together with like minded people is really essential and going to be french national. Miss allen, i want to come back to the science for a minute because some of the impacts of climate change no matter what we do from here on out there, it reversible on well rise. So it takes hundreds of years, the deep ocean to face the top. And it takes many hundreds of years with John Ice sheets to melts and comes to the new equilibrium in new wilma world. So Sea Level Rise is one example of an irreversible change through already committed to maybe a few meters of Sea Level Rise, but also the many, many hundreds of years. So thus, in many regions, you can adapt to that kind of change and its beyond human timescales. But the crucial thing to note that if we dont limit the warming of the planet to 1. 00 Degrees C of pre industrial, or even 2 Degrees C, if 1. 00 is impossible, then theyll be an even larger rising Sea Level in the long term so the fact that its a reversible still doesnt mean we, we dont need to stop doing cutting, Greenhouse Gas emissions. Its even more crucial to do that. I want to pause for a minute there and take a look at who some of the worst emitters are around the world. And helping them lift is china estimated to produce 30 percent of all global emissions. Thats followed by the united states, which is producing nearly 15 percent of our total carbon footprint. And also at the top of the list are india, russia, and japan. Mr. Burke, i want to talk about that with you. First, china is per person. Emissions are about half of that of the us, but because of its massive population, its far above the largest emitter. Its been criticized for its tempered response to addressing climate change will to take i think that china has a very big problem as do india, russia, all the other countries and in a way, trying to sort this out in terms of per capita emissions is not a problem, carbon is fungible, wherever a Carbon Atom is emitted in the world is actually going to have an effect on everyone else in the world. And so we can try to get this into some sort of argument. Were not going to get far its, youve got to do more because youre creating more of the problem. We have a collective problem and we have to solve it together where a lot, if kind of policy fails, we old and, but isnt that exactly or isnt, isnt that exactly whats happening among countries . I mean, you have india calling this report, a Clarion Call for developed nations, but it self has not committed to Carbon Neutrality even by 2060 like china. So isnt there, but of course the happening at the Policy Level. Pucker. See how they have good, but i agree with you. I dont think india is the indian government just helping its own people or the rest of us by turning this into a brain game. Were not going to get anywhere if nobody will act until everybody else is acting. So we really get which, why say this is a problem for the politicians to sort out. And its a Pop Problem where politicians have to give a lead and youre not giving a lead when youre trying to blame somebody else or the problem. And so much as i understand why people think its very unfair. Some people are created more of the problem than other people. I simply dont think were going to get very far. If the discussion is about who has to act 1st before anybody else that. So anyway, by the way, just so i was big countries. The people are going to suffer most are actually all the small countries in the rest of the world, in africa, in oceana, in those parts world, in the caribbean, especially those small island states. Now the people who are going to suffer more, and by the way, theyre not the people who are issuing these brain calls for everybody else. Mister laskey, what is the most constructive way to talk about climate change . The climate threat, the impacts of climate change that were hearing right now. What is the most constructive way to talk about that in order to encourage Change And Action . Its a really important question because i think young people are many office of go along on that flight. So as i said, we need to take up the whole project. And i may help pollyanna, hard like, magical Thinking System get. But like, im a sure grounded that we need urgent action. We need serious way to ship and really need to get kind out raiders before glasgow so that we have based ambitious emission enormous Challenge Humanity for the individuals. I think, i dont think in terms of all or nothing, you know, are 2 degrees live is going to be a lot less less than 4 grades. So what, while actions obliged rational and compression lessons for your purchases . Pressure politicians for your learning optional. You feeling a bit overwhelm bottle, theres a lot going on the wealth central. Ill have a bit of a cool if you finding so very unsettled section, professional assistance. And john, you know, make sure that youre looking. Sure. Mr. Burke, if the population, the global population is as engaged on climate change, as you say, why is that not translating into action in the Policy Level . Is there a disconnect . I think certainly is a disconnect. I think that the politicians by large or more subject to pressure from the incumbent, entrenched interests than they are for their own populations. And its interesting something that grant said earlier matches here in the sense that people, when they can do things together in communities, are really willing to do that as we pointed out. And that says theres a really important role for the men, the leaders of cities to fill some of the gap in translating into problems into solutions, into action. Go some of the got this being left by the politicians of the national level. So i think we dont want to only look at whats going on at the national level. We need to look at whats going on in all those cities and towns where there are loads of examples of people coming together with local leadership and really getting on with solving the problem. Mister allen, how quickly will our world respond to action to a reduction in fossil fuels . Talk us for a little bit about what hope there is. If we can come together and take action. It wont, it wont happen immediately, will take decades for the climate to stabilize once action is taken. So it will take a while before we can even notice the effects. But weve got to take the action as rapidly and strongly as, as we can do. So now, and thats why i would just like to add to this Assessment Report from the dcc is extremely important because successful, the science over 3 over 3 years, thoughts in the final stages. The summary is for policy makers and has been agreed line by Line Word by word 195 countries, delegates who were involved in the approval process. So theyve approved what is said in this report. So they know what the options are. And so the report like this can act as a Tool Resource to, you know, lead in to the, the cup 26 in classical, in the upcoming november. So its really crucial. They appreciate that this has been agreed and collaborated with with governments. And now its up to governments to take the strong action and as your other, as the guests mentioned, up to cities, companies and getting into collective. So we can go to a bit from the Government Action is actually crucial. Im very quickly. Well, i guess its quite actually quite a big question, but were going to, i want to ask about climate denial on the psycho from a Psychology Point of view in a little bit. But for you, Mister Allen explained to me how the science has improved in terms of being able to project forward and to actually unequivocally Link Weather events with climate change. Because that has been a bastard for climate denies for quite a while. But the science has really improved hasnt yeah, so hes got better longer observation records, better satellite data, and not so already showing an increase in the number of extremes, intense rainfall, heat waves. But as you mentioned, it also involves physical understanding of the processes thats getting stronger. But also, and really i find Detail Computer simulations that simulates all the weather patterns there could be created in killer in a particular event. And so we actually, scientists are able now especially use this is a loop oratory, where they can run hundreds of simulations with or without the warning that weve seen state and show that these events happening around the world are ready to have you right in a run for example, in china, in europe, the heat waves, we can show now that theyve been made more severe by the warring to, to Greenhouse Gas emissions. And some events would not have happened would be almost impossible to happen intervals without this warming. So theres that in the same models, the same simulations are then used to project out into the future and then are perfect. But they packed with the best physics that we can pack into them. And thats why we more sure now of the regional impacts, the regional changes in climate where you can expect as, as we continue to admit, or we dont continue to admit Conduct Side even so incredibly, there are still climate deny is out there. Mr. Laskey, i mean there are some quite well known famous people who fall into that camp. But how does that happen . I mean, is there a real cognitive dissonance going on there . Well, youre right there and there are actually less wanted to know i as then you think there are also very noisy minority. Strange, we know people accept all the science and except that its driven by human by 97 percent of the scientists have a consensus that human induce climate change is small number. Different reasons why people getting to that strong get caught in a bit of an Echo Chamber on the internet is missing information and missed some for that. Its really conflict with their well do all the politics around. Busy standing of the well and i guess how this patches to be mischievous and i happy to take a country with you. But the important thing is that were saying the well, with the song around now, not even just models. Its becoming more more. Busy impossible on the church, we are coming to the end of the program. Very quickly, mr. But i want to ask you about a minute to go. How hopeful are you for the future of our planets, for the belief that we can make a change and we can confront the stress . What weve seen all over the world from the Corona Virus . Is that actually, why large people, whatever that culture are willing to do the right thing, when its clearly explain to them what needs to be done . Thats what gives me hope that we can deal with this problem. But to do that, we need latisha to give a much better lead when theyre giving up the moment. All right, hey, thank you very much for joining us. Hair on inside story. Richard allen, Grant Buskie and tom berg. We appreciate it. And thank you to for watching, you can see this and all of our previous programs. Again, anytime by visiting our website, Al Jazeera dot com. And for further discussion, you can go to our Facebook Page at facebook dot com, forward slash ha, inside story. And you can also join the conversation on twitter. We are at a inside story for making Ben Alan from the entire team here in the back in the me ah, ah, ah, ah, freezing winds and rugged terrain and at times seem impossible. But for afghan traders who brave the Con Corey to, that is no choice combating the impossible to sound that good in isolated area. We follow that daring journeys as they overcome the extremes. Risking it all ive got is john. On Al Jazeera, Lisa Hype of english for, for lies in elicit market for the rich and powerful, im one of the leading Specialist Work undercover. Just yours investigative unit exposes the inner workings of key players in the murky underbelly of football finance. Something like one. In addition, has been said that you can make an elephant disappeared. I have many of the brazen example ive seen the men who so football just the with ah hello, im emily. Im going into. These are the top stories on Al Jazeera and taliban has taken another 3 provincial capitals in afghanistan. Thats 9 in under a week, the latest Police Comrey and finds a badge in the north and foreign city in the south. Meanwhile told, continuing jo her for a 2nd dame. Rob mcbride has moved from campbell. The map of who controls what in afghanistan is constantly changing and from the Government Point of view is changing for the worse. If you look especially at the north of the country at the gains of the taliban has been making in recent days, its really only bizarre sharif a very important stronghold for the government