Essentially stopped and it would take the federal government in coordination with state governments some time to really ramp the process back up states cant just give out of Employment Benefits because they have to have a balanced budget they basically are the pass through from the federal government to provide these unEmployment Benefits to the millions of people who desperately need the money a court has ruled the Central African republic can press ahead with elections despite violence escalating between Government Forces and rebel fighters. More United Nations peacekeepers have arrived to try to ensure sundays vote is peaceful. Federal investigators in the u. S. Are searching the home as they look for clues into the large explosion in the Southern City of nashville on Christmas Day minutes after blaring a recorded warning of what was to come apart the motor home blew up on a street early in the morning 3 people were hurt and about 40 buildings damaged 3 nations of started code 9000 vaccinations a day earlier than the official mass rollout in germany a 101 year old woman was among a small number of people to receive the 1st phase of biotech jobs back scenes have also been administered to Frontline Health workers in hungary and. More than a 1000 refugees and migrants are stranded in a burnt out camp in Bosnia Herzegovina in freezing temperatures the camp on the croatian border was meant to be a temporary shelter for the summer and was set to close on wednesday but politicians in bosnia havent been able to find an alternative facility to relocate them at least 10000 people are stuck in bosnia trying to reach western europe where those were the headlines the news continues here on aljazeera after listening post station thats watching but for now. There is no channel that covers world news like legion the scale of this camp is like nothing youve ever seen at all but we want to know is how did these things affect people we revisit places to stay even when there are no international headlines. Aljazeera really invests in that and thats a privilege as a journalist. This is long gone as chairman of the rock in your piece you being a monument and youre standing in the political shift to seriously look at night as. A politically you know its leaving the b. B. C. The most vital important accessible Cultural Institution in the lower bar no possibly in the world. The b. B. C. Was born almost a century ago in 1922 just count the fuzz its the worlds 1st public broadcaster 1st National Radio service 1st state backed television provider. The b. B. C. Wrote the book supplied the model for the networks that have sprung up across continents including the one youre watching now is probably the highest quality. Independent. News and documentary coverage of any broadcast he will rise edition of welcome to you but im not going to use sometimes the networks mission to inform educate and entertain a service for the people funded by the people. Not funding is the b. B. C. Strength and its achilles heel the u. K. Government controls the Purse Strings which puts the b. B. C. s domestic comm on a collision course with the politicians it covers like the current Prime Minister baraks johnston who is out to get it. He was never. Underestimate the malice of a Prime Minister who wants to destroy or beast reduce the power of the b. B. C. Concept of a Public Service if the government has it in for the b. B. C. My advice is always try if you see. The enemy is. The movers. As its 1st director general john reeves put it the b. B. C. Would serve the whole of britain the wealthy and the poor the genius and the food and it would report the news without fear or favor Mission Statements are much easier to write the film and it didnt take long for a conflict to sufis between the b. B. C. s dependence on the government and its journalistic need to be independent from it the b. B. C. s news and Current Affairs output here in the u. K. Is at the heart of that conflict one that has various points in the networks history. Its very existence. There is a pub tension between the government of the day whatever political color and the b. B. C. Ive put it this way the b. B. C. Is independent of government pressure until such time as it is not a. Report from every other country to. Reveal the general which began it. Has caused enormous industrial. 926 millions of workers take to the streets in a general strike called in support of britains coal miners. Put workers stop the presses in solidarity that left the b. B. C. Less than 4 years old as the countrys only National News source one the conservative Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin wanted on his side. As the b. B. C. s founder john reith knew that independence and impartiality crucial to its reputation he also viewed the governments patronage as key to the b. B. C. s future. So general strike was a really crucial moment in the b. B. C. s history the person who become the b. B. C. s 1st director general is relying on the goodwill of government for the institutional future of the b. B. C. So thats the immediate context now the government strings along this kind of threat the b. B. C. Being brought under direct government control into the strike itself and the reason they do that is pretty obvious because they know that it will impact editorially on what the b. B. C. Does. John reith compromised the government would not commandeer the b. B. C. But it was effectively given a veto over what could be broadcast. Dissenting voices from the trade unions to the Opposition Labor Party band. In order to resume negotiations the general counsel of the trades Union Congress decided to. Strike. By the time the unions called off the strike the strike as had a new name for the b. B. C. The british full said corporation. And that was before with invited Prime Minister baldwin to broadcast to the nation from reach zone study. Even helped write the speech. I am. Of peace but i will not tolerate the safety and security of the british constitution. Hey we can say that silly found all of the principles of. Independence it was actually a man who allowed the Prime Minister of the day standing or when to broadcast from his own house and was very proud of his involvement in editing the words and making it sound better. Asking the b. B. C. That. Grey area that the b. B. C. Ends up occupying during the general strike and the persons reporting which are very overtly progovernment that tells us something about the organization of the b. B. C. From the beginning. John reiths diary entry about the b. B. C. s role during the strike is pretty telling the strike he wrote many have lasted much longer had it not been for us and just months later the network got the Government Official seal of approval through a Royal Charter that formalized its existence but it came with Strings Attached ministers were given the power to choose the b. B. C. s chairman and members of its board the government word control the b. B. C. Is funding through a license fee collected from listeners and the network will be up by the government every 10 years. Its taking the withdrawal from. Iraq. Right. When britain entered world war 2 its media had to toe the government grind. As the primary distributor an amplifier of Winston Churchills wartime speeches the b. B. C. Now a Global Player grew central to the governments propaganda drive. At the dawn of the Television Age the b. B. C. Was well positioned to grow with the technology and the times that was most clearly reflected in the 1960 s. And seventys when a culture of deference was making way for a determination to challenge authority it was an age of liberation questioning the old image of postwar assumption was a lot of foreign use more more than they do not they were the wars in africa that nam was going. Heavy artillery support for the americans and. Also 1st theyre not immediately likely to lose out here but i feel that the Climate Change i see perhaps mostly under the Prime Ministership of Margaret Thatcher. Good evening well it looks like being one of the most exciting election nights when the possibility of a very close result and the prospect having its 1st woman Prime Minister at the end of the night. Margaret thatchers election victory in 1979 triggered a transformation of britains economy and institutions including the b. B. C. By then a vastly expanded confident and at times combative news operation that had the network in her sights. And member doing an interview with her and when we set down because it was live and we had to make sure it went out we doubled up on the numbers are twice as many cameras twice as many people mrs Margaret Thatcher is here on panorama tonight some time before so she went around going 1234 should turn to everybody in the room and the 13 people and she said to mr dimbleby you know. I had of the American Television here this morning and there were only 2 of them. She believed that the b. B. C. Was soft in the head the b. B. C. Was too liberal the b. B. C. Was not understanding what she wanted to do and from the very beginning she was trying to find ways of emasculating the b. B. C. There were 2 strands going on a government that was determined to. Leave the b. B. C. To make the b. B. C. Do what it wanted to in terms of the message. And it was also very busy producing program that was its way of fighting back. The politicians and Programme Makers soon came into conflict critical documentaries on topics ranging from britains intelligence agencies to the falklands war were attacked censored sometimes shout. But no issue was as contentious as the troubles in Northern Ireland where british troops were 10 years into fighting an insurgency by the Irish Republican Army the ira waged a Brutal Bombing Campaign while British Forces committed atrocities of their own and the pressure on b. B. C. Journalists covering that story from politicians from locals from their own bostons was unrelenting. 6 in 1985 the faction government got wind of a b. B. C. Documentary that followed 2 extremist politicians one of whom was a suspected ira nida of the day it will be the cutting edge of a which will bring food to. The government wanted to ban the foul the b. B. C. s board of governors many of whom of being a. Wanted by fracture agreed. But the decision was the director general allister milne a t. V. Producer by trade was having none of it turning to data real searches already existing the controversial documentary on Northern Ireland would run the film was broadcast but only after the addition of footage like this 20 seconds dedicated to the victims of the ira. But milne was on borrowed time. Soon appointed a new b. B. C. Chairman his mission as he later wrote oust milne quickly and brutally. That was direct pressure i just. Feel now that. It isnt because of this racial mythology. You see but the old saying about the search area this is the b. B. C. So why i wasnt touched because he removed the director general but we will still win terms of the. Ninetys striving really well until john bird came along. For john birt soon to become director general was everything Alistair Milne was not namely a fellow believer in free market ideals. But point and was very important because he represented someone. Who share the view that more Market Forces ought to be brought into the b. B. C. Full disclosure for much of the 1990 s. The Government Official in charge of the department handling broadcasting policy was my father Hayden Phillips he and john had their work cut out. We worked closely together in the run up to the b. B. C. Charter renewal and hears it were managed to enable the government to agree to a charter set. Which was after years of tension was a sort of peace treaty. It was a very important person in terms of the acceptability of the b. B. C. Within government oh we couldnt stand him in new risk. Because he was shaking things up and he was a pain of the bomb in lots of different ways. But birds great achievement was to recognise when the Digital World was going had it not been for bert the b. B. C. Would not be worried whose today. Willingness topside to help as i had friends. Of mass destruction. The 1st director general of the 21st century greg dyke was a controversial appointment greg dyke was all smiles this morning when he heard a dog broadcast a top job. As a former donor to the party in power new labor during his Prime Minister tony blair as favored candidate but he was no pushover by 2003 that rosy relationship had moved into another confrontation between the b. B. C. And the government at war tony blair as the Prime Minister wrote to me just before the war started to say his thought. That i am reporting over the monarch to iraq had been unfair so i would appear aggressive letter back saying look im sorry but youve got thousands and thousands of people in the streets protesting against you half your party going to vote against you your whole future is in doubt. And no sir you cant be the judge of pashtuns youve got to leave it to us. Baghdad tonight to have equal partners on the day after the invasion of iraq was britains Largest Military operation since world war 21 that lacked International Legal authority. What the majority of the British Press supported the war the b. B. C. s mandate was to be impartial not that that was always obvious when Coalition Troops captured baghdad in april 2003 some b. B. C. News reports sounded similar to the spin coming out of the blair government and even tiley ungracious even for his critics not to acknowledge that tonight he stands as a larger man and a stronger Prime Minister as a result we become a government most peace the worst specific voices who were not allowed tariq ali was one of them i remember saying to my to my a bit said when you go to low and she war protesters onto this program and he said well we have to let the parliamentary opposition do its job for us. Meanwhile saw it was true 1000000 people on the streets of london. Norm of them ever being reflected properly in the programme i rather doubt that news and newsnight and those people deliberately withheld opponents of the war do you think they did enough to scrutinise the case for war all i know is that from the moment from 911 im words on the program i was doing question time we had a wide range of views both for and against im just going to go and have a look ive got a folder with all the question time stuff said just cause a 2nd and ill get it Michael Moore was Michael Moore in favor of the war rather doubt it here we are september 26th 2002 tara kelley you see. So he certainly wasnt. Some b. B. C. Journalists directly challenge the official line which led to trouble. Defense reporter Andrew Gilligan was investigating the blair government dubious claims of iraqi weapons of mass destruction claims the from the case against saddam husseins regime. That he has existing and active military plans for the use of chemical or biological weapons which could be activated within 45 minutes gilligan had been briefed by government weapons inspector and concluded that downing street had quote sexed up its case for war. He took his story on to b. B. C. Radio 4. Because correspondent is Andrew Gilligan yes i did the 1st interview. With gilligan downing street. Says a week before publication ordered it to be sexed up to be made more exciting you can get everything right but he got the heart of it right thats to say that effectively weve been lied to. And the world will. Forget we can clear this group pretty much to be going to be interviewed number 10 was phony b. B. C. Demanding a right look by demanding that we retract everything going to get it said which of course we do. Greg dyke the director general defended the b. B. C. And his report but when going to going source was found dead a case of suspected suicide gilligan was left exposed and the government went on the offensive but ordered what came to be known as the hutton inquiry its official briefed to establish the cause of death of gilligan sorts but when the inquiry published its findings it exonerated the government over its w m d claims and focused on the shortcomings in gilligans report the verdict was that the b. B. C. Was guilty. Hayden phillips was the Civil Servant in charge of setting up the inquiry. The hutton report is often described as a whitewash what was your reaction when you 1st saw the reporters i mean a lot of my colleagues in government would you believe that the result of the b. B. C. Had a lot to answer for in the way they handled something which was quite difficult for them but they sort of dimes themselves into a trench and wouldnt move. Im not saying that the b. B. C. Innocent and the government was guilty but i was genuinely surprised by the decisiveness in which he pinned blame on the b. B. C. And nobody else the chairman of the b. B. C. It designed i thought wrongly and told him only and the following day the governors of the b. B. C. Got rid of me so you would say that you were pushed. Oh i was pushed was no doubt the governor of the baby she lost her battle. Ringback like honesty milne almost 2 decades earlier paid the price for defending the b. B. C. s independence. The new government to prove management struck a more compliant tone we must now study the hutton report carefully learn appropriate lessons and implement relevant measures. There were in the wake of the departure of the chair and the director general attempts to once again introduce risk averse editorial controls over controversial issues at the b. B. C. So we see the same pattern in place risk averse culture disseminating for the organization as a result of an overt conflict with the government this for me was an important turning point when i talk to older more senior people they date that that money isnt seizure of power away from journalism much earlier sometimes in the 1990 s. On the john birch but by the time you had this defeat by the government over the report it was that level of management control on steroids impartiality became really the excuse for an ideologically driven safety and refusal to challenge those in power i personally didnt change anything quite literally anything about the well the none of the editors i think well maybe i should qualify that a little some of the editors with whom i worked with. Maybe a bit more cautious otherwise might be i think that was in the. Issues they were in the north. Since the turn of the century the b. B. C. Has tried to move with the times through diversity drives streaming services as well as physically branching out of london but with its own 100th birthday just 2 years away its future is by no means assured like many other states but broadcasters around the world over the past decade the b. B. C. Has been under constant pressure from right wing governments and just like those other networks its enjoyed wave after wave of cuts to its journalists programmes and channels to top it off the b. B. C. Is now confronted with a conservative Prime Minister who came into office with his own broadcast agenda. Good evening and welcome to the b. B. C. News at 6 from downing street where Boris Johnson has promised to repay the trust of voters last december 1 day after his election victory Boris Johnson led a government boycott against flagship b. B. C. Programmes within weeks his aides were Briefing Journalists of their plan to quote whack the b. B. C. By abolishing t. V. Licenses its main source of income. As it turned out it was the government that was about to get whacked. The u. K. Governments Emergency Cobra Committee met this afternoon to discuss coronavirus the b. B. C. Reminded the country of what it had to offer what citizens were paying for the prying Vital Services to a population under lock down from home how do you know what are. You going to write members back to home schooling. This is parts. Its audience tripled and keener than ever to reach british aizen is johnson was back on the b. B. C. Working together tackling the the disease using this social distancing measures following a collective whether the pandemic has forced johnson to change course or whether its just delayed the inevitable is far too early to say at the heart of this uncertainty is the b. B. C. s journalism if an increasingly cautious b. B. C. Can still speak truth to power and hold its government paymasters to account an enviable challenges for the b. B. C. s new director job. Tim davie is a b. B. C. Insider but one with commercializing instincts and a background in conservative politics compared with the lofty ambitions of his predecessors davies mission is a modest one keep the b. B. C. s enemy is at bay its been a. Has to be has to be Simple Organization over the trust. Of. Almost 100 years after the b. B. C. s birth john reith dream of a broadcaster that would inform and educate and entertain the nation has been realised several times over but wreaths ideal of a truly independent b. B. C. Has been far harder to deliver the tension it created with its government sponsors has at times of crisis looks more like a contradiction one that as the b. B. C. Heads towards its 2nd century looks no closer to being resolved. Were going to lose a lot not just to be lose the b. B. C. But if we lose what is still capable of doing for those kind of this love hate relationship with it i mean i look before the existence of things it does. We must all be concerned about that but weve already lost a lot because weve lost a lot of independence and a lot of desire to pursue truth above above the goal of impartiality. I think the battle to the independent is constant ongoing and depends on the characters of the chairman of the b. B. C. The director general of the b. B. C. The heads of news and if ever they get sucked into a lovely relationship with government and there are moments when that may happen were finished. Millions of americans risk losing unEmployment Benefits unless President Trump signs a crucial really fell within hours. There im astounded tennis is out as they are at life and also coming up a court gives the go ahead for the election in Central African republic despite fighting there between rebels and the army. You like and the most you want and they will you like better. Nearly a 1000