Is nothing new. Philip mary arrived to find the windows of his 92 year old office smashed but it was largely spared his neighbor wasnt so lucky. Senseless it is. Dandelion is someones property the mother of jacob blake the black man whose shooting by police set off the demonstrations says he would not approve if. You knew what was going on as far as that goes the violence and the destruction. He would be very pleased blakes family spoke of the latest incident of alleged Police Brutality captured in this viral video of an officer shooting in the back his 3 sons watching from inside the car. Several times. Something. Like he didnt matter but my son matters blakes attorneys say he underwent surgery on tuesday and remains paralyzed from the waist down im not sad im not sorry im angry and im tired i havent cried one time i stopped crying years ago i am numb. I have been watching Police Murder people that look like me for years as her family struggles with what happened so does a battered city police were protecting government buildings the looters came here to be Uptown Neighborhood and they fire bombed and looted each of the stores for a couple of blocks until they got here to kingdom would ministries thats where david might come or his pastor actually we had somebody actually take a. Big large rock and throw it to the window and we started yelling hey this is a church and i heard several people say you dont touch a church you know not one of the firemen said a pastor it looks like your building is going to be the only thing they say you know its just a miracle from god one building salvaged amid dozens of burnt out holes and more broken hearts john hendren aljazeera konoha wisconsin u. S. President donald trump 1st lady maloney a troll and secretary of state mike pompei or have spoken on day 2 of the Republican National convention breaking with decades of precedent the 1st lady spoke from the white house rose garden while compay recorded his address during a diplomatic mission. He says greece must give up preconditions before the 2 countries can begin dialogue over disputed Energy Resources in the mediterranean on chorus calling on the e. U. To act as an honest and objective mediator the ballot rishon opposition says it will not give up on its call for a democrat truck democratic transition even as 2 prominent leaders a jailed for organizing rallies demonstrations began more than 2 weeks ago all to president Alexander Lukashenko disputed reelection. The u. S. States of texas and louisiana bracing themselves for a major Storm Hurricane laura has already claimed lives in the Dominican Republic and cuba. Cooler temperatures high humidity and less wind is helping firefighters battle against while fison the u. S. State of california the fires of killed at least 7 people and destroyed more than a 1000 homes those are your headlines the news continues on al jazeera off to well one. World war one. Oclock. To 4 years of bitter conflict. Known as the great war. All the war to end all wars. Its grim the trains war for. The took with europe the main fear took long. But this was a war fought on many fronts. So theres another story rarely told. Of huge importance during the war. Kind of lasting significance. The story of troops who fault and died but who are often forgotten. And of an outcome that shaped the middle east of today. This is gold more one through our local high. Money to reeky its an izzy and writer and broadcaster is taking us on a personal journey across a dozen countries. His grandfathers generation fault in the war. So far hes looked at the contributions made by arab north african troops conscripted by the british and French Colonial powers in north africa. And how and why the Ottoman Empire joins germany in the war. Pitting its our troops against their muslim brothers fighting for the allies. And as alterman fortunes declined how the europeans russians and the arabs look to fill the power vacuum. Is from Michael Jordan mario on a day out of the money out of a good many of the libya the lead a lot of the talk at this hour my guitar watching. In this episode he sees how the shape of a new middle east was decided in secret by british and french diplomats if you look at a map at the beginning of the war you have an Ottoman Empire that ruled over us tiny sliver of europe all of the anatolian peninsula southwestern asia parts of north africa parts of the Arabian Peninsula at the end of the war thats got. How britain made separate promises to 3 different Interest Groups that were all incompatible with each other according to the Hussein Macmahon correspondence palestine belong to an arab state according to sex because. Agreement palestine was going to be internationalized according to the Balfour Declaration was going to go to the jews so how do you square that circle. And how this colonial selfinterest blew away the nationalist hopes of millions of arabs for postwar independence. This is why i call the center of power from way out of the British Imperial establishment decided to destroy their own of the allies the other main empire and create a new order in the end of easts. The arabs are still living with the consequences to this very day. Almost as soon as the ultimate empire joined the war in november 1914 the european allies began staking their claims. In march 1950 russia announced it wanted istanbul and the straits linking the black sea to the mediterranean. France accepted russias claim and set out its own plans. They wanted the southeast Turkish Coast and greater syria. Then in june 1915 britain announced it wanted the whole western coast of the arabian gulf plus all of mesopotamia. Britain also wanted to control a strip of land from there to haifa in which to build a railway it would give them an alternative route to india and one day might carry gulf oil to. The british already had serious interest the Ottoman Empire theyd already up like egypt had already moved to the gulf states they already had interests in southern mesopotamia they are. He had oral interests in the gulf so the war suddenly brought all of this then right to the forefront. So in order to achieve this between 115 and 970 britain entered into 3 separate agreements which all conflicted with one another. One with the same bin ali the sharif of mecca to give him an arab state in return for leading a revolt against the ultimates. Another with the Zionist Movement to create a Jewish National home in palestine. And a secret pact with its own told ally france to divide the levant and mesopotamia between them dont sit. There dont want to follow this su they said. Well as on. The people dont imply one would die notice of the anti of security by any sponsor a security level does that. Even if meet their own little. While the british were still negotiating with sorry for cenovus potential revolt in 1915 they and france appointed delegates to draw up this secret deal for dividing up ottoman territory. The french were represented by shell francois pico the former consul general in beirut. And the british by the governments middle east advisor so mark sykes. Sykes was from a wealthy english family whose country home was here thats led me a house in yorkshire he had a privileged upbringing and was taken on a trip to egypt when he was 11. His knowledge of the middle east had been picked up by writing religion and travel books. Those sites like the Prime Minister to think he was an expert in fact he spoke neither turkish nor arabic. Speaker was a french lawyer turned diplomat whod spent several years in beirut and was a staunch supporter of french interests abroad. Though they paid lip service to independence for the arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire the ambitions of their respective countries where their real priorities is never the case the people assume the people i said mark sykes and other british and french policymakers. Disingenuous in their support for the idea of National Freedom in the middle east at base it was just frankly a lie that they were sincere in their support for this idea of a new era of National Freight and because how could they be when they had their own very clear british french imperial objectives in the middle east. At this stage this was a paper exercise dependent on the course of the war. During the buttons moon of the century doubly mons. And also to be the monkey that when it was you make it about. There it was the open there it was hardly dont call could be lives are made on. Us and joy is a year the montane expedition point. Is 8 and they should. Be today. Liza me it is a 1000000. Dollar the little it well listen shows you did it on tape but i sit on the time with them or see. Some cans on the sheriff who say they dont make him a little present. On the. Hunt. Just one. Day when they want to harm. The poor mad and always. A world away from the arab provinces at the heart. British government in london so mark sykes prepared for his negotiations with george pico he told british Prime Minister howard asked with i should like to draw a line from the easy in exile to the last k. Into coke. And face to face with a source pico thats precisely what he did. He called it practical politics. The psychs pekoe agreement was concluded in a tobar 916 russia supported it on condition that its own claims to autumn and territory were accepted by britain and france. Sikes pico drew the map of the middle east in red and blue. The red zone mt the province of baghdad in which the british would have the right to establish such direct or in directed ministration or controlled as they desire. The blue zone covered silesia and the syrian coast where france would have the same rights britain also claimed informal control over an area of northern a rabia from kirkuk to gaza. The french claimed the same informal control over a triangle from mosul to aleppo and damascus. This deal was what the palestinian writer George Antonius later called a startling piece of double dealing. In june 1960 sorry for saying the start of the arab revolt against the ottomans fulfilling his part of his deal with the british. Only 4 months later 6 people was signed contradicting the british pledge to the arab people. What we have to realize though is that what we see is jew play city was actually explained by their ideas of the people of the region at the time and it roots of this was their racial outlook at the british policy making elite at the time the 1st of all they assumed that these people couldnt possibly believe for a moment that when the british and french talked of National Freedom and that it actually meant political independence that would have been a completely crazy idea to their minds because of their racial conviction. That the arab world was backward and to a lesser degree the jewish world to. The psychs pekoe deal remained of british french and russian secret for a year. But after the Russian Revolution in november 1917 the bolsheviks took russia out of the war the new leaders lenin and trotsky soon discovered that the saddest government had supported the psychs people agreement. The communist daily newspaper prophet or broke the story of the 3 european allies deception to the world. Following the viewed evolutionally governments decision to extract russia from the war but of the published what might be its only a great explosive in november 1917 and other directions of both lenin and trotsky it prevented the details of the secret sites because the green and thus the soviets uncovered europes imperial plans to divide the middle east between britain and france. The cats was out of the bag but difficult to believe it had little Immediate Impact on the course of the war or on the arab world. All that really mattered now was military conquest boots on the ground politicians could make whatever deals they liked but occupation was 9 tenths of the law from the red sea to turkey. The entire region from. 2 to the tourist mountains was occupied they were occupied because they were crucially important to british were. More amps because of suez because of egypt because of iraq to india because of the oil fields and and that iran and mesopotamia because of the attritional states around the gulf all these were crucial british or aims from the very beginning. But now what to do with all this all the pied land the answer new states whether or not they respected ethnic religious or tribal borders. Not only did so mark sykes draw lines on the maps his artistic skills were put to further use. It is the ultimate. Mark cites a man so many verses he detested in the arab east should be responsible for the design of the flags the symbols of National Sovereignty of so many arab countries jordan iraq syria sudan kuwait yemen the emirates even the p. L. O. The palestine liberation organization. Sykes deal with pekoe was never formally enacted on the ground but it did bear a close resemblance to the way the british Prime Minister and french president carved things up at the end of the war. The partition was a fact of occupation and then the british and the french negotiated and clemenceau and lloyd george themselves negotiated probably in a taxi between Victoria Station and and 10 downing street when clemenceau arriving in london and in december of 1918 so it was completely casual and resisted and opposed by virtually everyone in the region. So mark sykes died soon after the war aged 13. 9 he cast a long shadow across the arab world especially palestine. On the psychs because now it was colored brown an area under International Administration yet to be decided. Of britains 3 wartime promises the one made by foreign minister author balfour proved the most enduring and controversial. Can of ma that cycle a one was. Going to be a lot of land with up to 4 when as she has you want to show any of her side by telling her mom or her while its allure. About the ballot for. There were many reasons for baal for his promise after centuries of and he semitism in russia and europe jews had started to settle in palestine. The Jewish Nationalist movement zionism was gaining momentum its leader was a russian born chemistry professor in manchester called shyam vitamin. A vitamin process for producing acetone fed britains wartime munitions production and his notoriety enabled him to lobby the British Government to support a Jewish National home in palestine. In june 1917 vitamine and the jewish banker and politician Walter Rothschild met Arthur Balfour in london to request a formal declaration of support for zionism 5 months later came his reply. On the 2nd of November Balfour wrote to rothschild to say that the government viewed with favor the establishment in palestine of a National Home for the jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this project. This is the famous Balfour Declaration the letter of the foreign secretary up of bad percent in november mighty 17 to laud the rothschilds as at the 1st of what is the bad for decoration meant that one nation promised to the 2nd nation the country of a 3rd. What is extraordinary is that this letter was not that it by balfour or his stuff instead it was drafted for him by high in vitamin the future president of israel. I think if were trying to understand the British Imperial establishment relationship its on its in from the time of the 1st of all that its actually a key that we recognize the significance of the bible and British Culture so that they narratives of zionism as the ancient jewish nation and the landscape with the by returning to its former glory days was an idea that was not overly familiar to many people in britain by the time of the 1st well or but remained tickers well. There were also wider strategic reasons for supporting zionism. Jewish influence was strong in the government to britains new war ally the United States under president Woodrow Wilson. 2 of Woodrow Wilsons top advisors Felix Frankfurter on the one hand and Louis Brandeis on the other hand were ardent zionists now the british were very suspicious of Woodrow Wilson although the United States had already entered the war and the british were also very suspicious of the huge amount of german and german immigrants in the end states and irish immigrants in the United States that were opposed to britain and the British Empire so what they wanted to do was somehow get the United States to make sure the United States stayed on board in the 1st world world war and what that of course entailed was making sure that Woodrow Wilsons top advisers kept on pushing him giving