The pandemic is actually speeding up the United States as top expert on Infectious Diseases says the recent surge uncovered 900 cases is largely because people are ignoring Health Guidelines to wear masks and keep away from each other many southern and western states which pushed to reopen their economies and now seen a spike in infections Christmas Ilam is in new york and she says those states are worried they may have to ration health care. Many local leaders governors mayors and so on are expressing concern about their Hospital Systems reaching capacity and the possibility of having to ration health care i talked about florida you talked about california and california the governor has ordered 8 counties to close their bars after allowing bars to reopen after they did that in the next weekend they saw a 40 percent increase in infections among young people between 18 and 40 years old the governor said many places were not at the hearing to the requirements to wear masks and social distance and so he took the step of closing down these bars and hes threatening to do so in other counties as well that are on the borderline of seeing a lot of these infections in their hospitals become also close to capacity in florida not only did the city where the Republican Convention is going to be held announce a requirement for mass in places where you cant social distance weve heard that in Broward County which is home to the famous Fort Lauderdale beach theyre going to close the beach for the independent stage a live 4th holiday that was not something i can assure you that the leaders there did lightly thats a major source of revenue a major source of in the detainment for people but again the mayor of the town said that. The infection rate was just getting too dangerously high and they were really worried about the hospitals being overwhelmed and then you have texas another state where youve seen resistance to mandatory mass where there was a full speed ahead to reopen and the governor there also dialing back closing some bars and some bar owners threatening to sue him for shutting them down but again this worry about these rising numbers. The pandemic has pushed brazil into recession the economy shrank by one and a half percent during the 1st 3 months of the year economists predict a slump of up to 10 percent over the next 3 months as the country reels from the Coronavirus Crisis brazil has the 2nd highest number of infections in the world president sonando has strongly rejected in forcing a nationwide lock down saying it would do too much damage to the economy the white house says it will brief democrat politicians on reports that russia paid taliban fighters to target american troops in afghanistan democrats were left out of an intelligence briefing on monday in egypt has told the United Nations it faces an existential threat from the hydrologic down being built by Ethiopia Construction of the dam started 9 years ago if the o. P. s expected to start filling the area behind it next month but at a Virtual Meeting of the Security Council convened by the United States egypts Foreign Affairs minister warned of conflict if the un doesnt intervene at least 23 people including children have been killed in an attack on a crowded market in southern afghanistan hundreds of people were at the Cattle Market in Helmand Province when multiple explosions tore through the site. And those are the headlines the news continues here on aljazeera after face to face mandela did good by. All right at my heart for parents there know where john not about on the. Forehead are pregnant but their status often know about this when. I would also like to take this up but for that. The right donate my comp or a 3rd or lot of. Paper than ever covered the book here had the car to. Go and make. That terrible wrong at the current to our country and. Throw the imposition of the system up on. December 1993 the packed house and also city home owners Nelson Mandela the hero of the antiapartheid struggle and frederick the clown the last white president of south africa ive years ago. People would have seriously question the sanity of anyone who would have predicted that miss the mondello and i would be joining the disappearance of the 99 bill. Yet both of us. Are here before you today behind the coty askew choose the 2 leaders i would olds and the tension of the country is at its height in the us. Will more than a little bowdens. We disagree strongly on issues and we will soon fight the strenuous election plain against one of them. And in my own country with standing in the cement the spro get us which will make. All the 30000 people have died with a tickle my limbs. Some stupid getting of this year mandela and dick. Pluck partners as much as rivals 2 characters representing opposing camps in gazed in unrelenting negotiations a political and personal june that was poised to put an end to one of the most racist wheezy in the products. 7 kilometers west of cape town Nelson Mandela was a prisoner for 18 years raised in a village in eastern south africa he founded the 1st black law from in the country appalled by the treatment of blacks and people of color he created the armed wing of the African National congress to fight against the Apartheid Regime that i many people feel that it is useless and free theater for us to continue talking peace and nonviolence against the government was a blood is on its savage attacks. Under defenseless people. In 1962 mandela was arrested 2 years later he and his fellow accused were sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage and conspiracy he was 46 years old. During his incarceration and social unrest spread and intensified among the black people who represented almost 3 quarters of the population in the state who responded with increasingly savage repression. In the 1980 s. The country was subjected to the iron fist leadership of peter both or head of the National Party regarded as a hard liner he was nonetheless aware that profound change was inevitable among his most influential ministers was frederick vellum declare an ambitious afrikaner who entered politics in 1971 f. W. As everyone called him came from an influential conservative family. One must remember that his father had been a very senior National Party politician it being president of the senate his uncle had been Prime Minister so he was deeply. Involved in the whole growth and development of the National Party mr declared it was perceived to be on the conservative side that he was predicting what group rights as it was called but i think to his credit one was always that he was never in favor of a Security Solution for the country never. In 71 i still embraced the concept of separateness which i believed idealistic could bring justice in the early eightys. I came to the conclusion and not only me many of my colleagues around me that the concept of separateness is just institutionalizing in justice that it was our own and that we had to abandon the concept of a part they separate us. In the early eightys Nelson Mandela returned to the mainland after 2 decades of brutal detention he was transferred to post more prison then in 1988 to more comfortable housing within the victim 1st the prison about 100 kilometers from cape town. For mandela was no ordinary prisoner convinced that negotiation could bring an end to apartheid he had begun secret meetings with government representatives notably we could see how the Justice Minister and neal barnard the head of the secret services. And so p. W. Identified a team of which i was the head at the time they start in total secrecy negotiations with one below which in fact started in my 988. 00 until usually they met some got 50 times or 48. 00 times every week for hours on end and nobody not is almost the archetype of an african a nationalist mandela use that to get to know the minds of the africans the minds of the National Party and by the time he came out he knew more or less what they were what they were thinking what was possible what wasnt possible he knew more or less how to treat them. Both at home and abroad calls for mandelas release grew louder and gained more support for his party the a. N. C. Represented him as the symbol of the antiapartheid struggle. In early 1989 bhutto was weakened by a stroke shortly after a secret meeting with mandela he was forced to resign as party leader and later as president. I relented in august his former minister frederick de klerk age 53 took over as president of the country his priority to end the deadlock crippling south africa. On december 13th 1989 mandela left the victor vast the prison for a few hours he was secretly taken to the center of cape town to detain heis the president s office for the 1st time the black leader and white president found themselves face to face. I did not have. High expectations of a 1st meeting with mr mandela and when i did have my 1st meeting i did not try to achieve much for both the him and me that 1st meeting was to get an understanding of each other to get a feel for the person sitting across the table to start with mandela was much taller than he expected. And he was also very impressed by president of mr mandelas aristocratic bearing because we must remember that the mandela was actually raised to be the Prime Minister of the paramount chief of the 10 booze so he had natural and natural sense of authority very dignified a very charming after that 1st meeting there was the feeling that yes we can do business with each other so i did expect that he would be positive about the concept of negotiation but we both of voided talking about the real challenges and the real issues at that time it was a sizing up process and so that was the beginning of of a long and sometimes very very rocky relationship. On february the 2nd 1990 the eyes of 37000000. 00 South Africans were turned towards cape town for the opening of parliament didnt declare was about to pronounce his 1st general policy speech many were hoping he would commit the country to a new direction. It is time for us to break out of the cycle of violence and to break through to peace and reconciliation the steps that have been decided on the following the prohibition of the African National congress the pan african as congress the south African Communist Party in a number of subsidiary organizations is being nice and people serving prison sentences merely because they were members of one of these organizations will be identified and released i think the clark when he took over as president in 1009. I was faced with a choice he knew that the countrys economy was in really deep trouble he knew we were almost facing a civil war inside the country and here suddenly the thing landed on his lap was he going to do more about it more oppression more police more military and destroy the economy get into a civil war or was he going to be the sturrock a figure that ended it all and i think the berlin wall helped him a lot because it was a strong argument to use to say we had to fight against the a. N. C. Because they were communists but no communism is dead sanaa we can talk to them which made their message easier to accept by the white people however what is very crucial to make the point that this change. The clear speech was not simply the result of a free condom nationalism of his party and of de klerk suddenly becoming good guys and through the good heart deciding that must be a change it was the pressure from the struggle i wish to put it plainly that the government has taken a Firm Decision to release mr mandela unconditionally im serious im serious about being this matter to finality without dealing the speech i made on the 2nd of february 9090 contained a package of measures of which the release not only of Nelson Mandela but also of all Political Prisoners was just a part i listed the state of emergency. I tried in that speech to do it that is each and every excuse in the sea could offer not to come to the negotiation table and during that period we were the only communicators in town and they had all of the t. V. Cameras they needed to use. How and when to release the iconic mandela this was the subject of the 2nd confrontation between the 2 men one week later at the president s office. I announced to him that he would be released on the 11th of february. And the 1st reaction was its too soon and i said why is it too soon he said we need more time to prepare insisted that this process cannot work without me i am the key to this thing so when you want to release me you release me at a time that suits me and my family because i have to manage the a. N. C. And it was one of the things of you will you are my prisoner you will do as i say and i said to him mr mandela you and i will negotiate about many things but you been in jail long enough you will be released on the 11th of february let us discuss what time of the day and from where you will be in east. On february 11th 1990 at 5 oclock in the oftener there was great excitement at the victor fest a prison everyone had been waiting for several hours to see Nelson Mandela released arm in arm with his wife when. After 27 years in jail a free 71 year old man returned to his home in so wet a hole determined to win freedom for his people. After 4 decades of conflict the adversaries met over 3 days and put ischia an official building in cape time in may 990 the jailer and his former prisoner walked side by side presenting a court image there are bound to be difficulties but there is cautious optimism as well as faith and conviction that our problems will be solved by negotiation. And i trust that these discussions will be another milestone on the road to a new and you just saw that i think it was. Overwhelmingly framed. It was like people who came together for the 1st time we didnt know each other but who wanted to meet each other. That was a that was a wonderful experience and was about the fact that. We suddenly realized the both sides that we had to work out jointly and collectively. A way forward and that the to responsible of the rest of us nobody else could take that is false and you can imagine that. With the background of the participants. 2 sides that has been fighting each other. For the year were. Suddenly being. Of course theres a measure of mistrust. We do know al qaida still. We didnt know. But the point is we had to agree theres only one way to discover. That is to me. Striking feature. Of the discussions. Which we have head. During the last 3 days. Has been the act cordiality. We have had. Discussions are sensitive not. In a spirit of conciliation and understanding. Despite the signature of a Peace Agreement 4 months later the relationship between de klerk on monday ella was tainted by violence around the often lethal conflict had broken out in various regions of south africa particularly in causing confrontations erupted to between a. N. C. Supporters from the closer ethnic group and supporters of the i f p the in qatar Freedom Party made up of zulus and led by monks who to buthelezi. Not just say it is the voices there are people who can only lead us the people who cannot assure that the beginning of a real discount. More people got killed in south africa between 10091904 than were killed by a potted forces in the entire history of a party. There was a natural competition between the i of p n a n c u d f but it was aided and abetted by the former military and Police People called it the force. The 2 big black groupings fighting and a 3rd force egging them on and fomenting more violence leading police teats and intelligence chiefs including military intelligence were working with elements of the put to lazy party and the soft course was how mundane the came to use that label and to the end and to accuse the clerk of the statistics. Were told last i will. The National Party has got that dab agenda for the negotiations process on day one had a talk about reform and change. That they still dont want to hold on to your card on that ad but it got power he said you see you dont care about the life lives of blacks thats why you have you have allowed that situation to develop and this is why these things have happened even of that we have given you our commitment even when we have been doing that had to discipline the people you behaved in this way because you dont care about black life i think the accusation that i didnt do enough was unfair and that was not based in fact from the moment that i started to have a suspicion and also in conjunction with all the allegations they were making i appointed judit to judicial commissions of inquiry. The one commission of inquiry came up and opened up a can of worms to show that yes there were elements in the Security Forces against my orders against the policy ive laid down who continued with politically this have the underground activities that resulted in the dismissal or early retirement of a big number of very Senior Officers the credit card the difficulty he had to walk a tightrope he couldnt just walk into the military camp and say well go give up your arms the n. C. Is taking over he had to take yet to move very carefully with the police and with the military. And he did it slowly and and Nelson Mandela has indicated that he understood that so