But hes worth it i specially meet you but people who know what countries need us our environment editor nick clock is at the summit in madrid it was supposed to be the conference that would launch this bring in board of optimism into 2020 the year that the Paris Agreement finally became this instruments of International Cooperation in the fight against Climate Change instead what we got was disappearing into a black hole of National Differences led by australia by brazil by japan by the United States and by more people and up until now weve had this war to down agreement that is a 1000000 miles away from what science says is needed to be done and what the mood on the street reflects is needed to be done a new text has been published we got reaction. I think whats happening with the Paris Agreement is said people are some countries in particular trying to push it back from the level of ambition that we had which was a very ambitious anyway it was good enough but it wasnt really very good we need to raise ambition and countries are trying to push back on the level of ambition that they had promised to them and we dont mean that madrid is a failure it might mean a madrid is a failure but then i feel that no decision is better than a bad decision and if its a choice between a bad decision or decision then no decision is better it isnt over yet and the talks will continue some of these negotiators have been at it for more than 36 hours but the willingness and the cooperation of the 2015 pounds agreement well that is a breach of several protesters have been injured in lebanons capital after Security Forces fired tear gas and rubber bullets to disperse crowds hundreds of people gathered in beirut as part of the latest Anti Government demonstration right Police Chased protesters beating and detaining some of them after they tried to break into a barricaded area lebanon has been rocked by 2 months of demonstrations police in albania have arrested 9 people over the collapse of buildings during last months earthquake 51 people died when the 6. 00 magnitude tremor hit the cities of duras and to manny the builders engineers and owners are accused of breaching construction regulations they face charges of homicide and abuse of power police are looking for a further 8 suspects. Police in new zealand have confirmed the 16th person has died from injuries sustained in mondays volcanic eruption a specialists wearing protective clothing returned to white highland on sunday but they failed to find the last 2 missing bodies in the presence of toxic gas restricted them from being on the island for more than an hour Scientists Say the possibility of a 2nd eruption is receded but the island remains volatile tens of thousands of protesters of crammed into a square in rome to denounce italian far right leader Matteo Salvini the rally was organized by the Sardines Movement in opposition to growing support for salvaging these right wing coalition. Lawyers for sudans former president dominated bashir to say very ill appeal against his conviction for corruption 75 year old was sentenced to 2 years in detention but will not serve his time in prison because of his age the trial centered around suitcases found in the shias home filled with car seats with more from the 130000000. 00. The big picture. China the Worlds Largest communist state. Isnt true to the free markets reaches. Its paramount leader preaches the merits of globalization and reaches the limits of one mans rule in a one party state. A contradiction in flux in a shifting political order and china the developing country has to become a world leader. But will the faltering west simply step aside to hand china the brands of power. All tighten its grip. As the big picture previously documented in the china complex. Chinas pocket is paid for the battle scars from internal struggles. And does. A vast history of a civilization working together by a common thread. Order. In this episode we trace chinas emergence as a 21st century superpower. Lorded and scornful call a season offering prosperity to many and peril to many of us. How is china imagining itself or reimagining itself at the center of this world order because china has the ability has the capacity to reach out the world. China need to be strong challenge need to be a big challenge need to maintain its whole put its hold in all of this is not an aggressive posture to any other country. Hes completely changed. Hes decided that chinas movement is not that china come out and we quest and we quiet the rest of the world to pay it do you respect the chinese. A world for humankind stark choice you want to keep the Current System or. The order. When the students gather in Cameron Square in beijing and demanded the more resolute steps taken by the government against corruption and some of the justices eventually not only emotions run high and run the extreme but also became very confrontational. What happened in beijing. In the early days of june 1989 it was a big tragedy that level of brutal violence. I dont think people were prepared for it but after it its like seeing the real face. Of a party state regime thats a tolls of an authoritarian. And long number of People Killed in town long on things. United states on the west and pause sanctions on china that limited sanctions. Dont want to visit china anymore this was a period where Chinese Society and Chinese Government has never come to terms with regard to the nightmare it wasnt just the cover up by the face of the government to allow discussion of it it was that china just moved in a very decisive way. The Chinese Communist party would move on from the chin in the square nightmare. Nary a massacre in the ceremonies and monuments marking the 40th anniversary of the peoples republic of china. The protests were recent out of history as history was. 5 months after the time when they changed the berlin wall was torn down. The 1st folding the bricks of a crumbling soviet empire. Leaving china as communism standout standardbearer. Often any night he realized a kind of loss meant it right the whole world is not going to like us especially the west is not going like us so he decided it much to survive you better be hiding yourself be careful be humble to wait for your right time my to grow up to just make money quitely. This new approach was taken from classic confucian boat and cold one young quite high brightness nourished obscurity for the chinese leader dunks helping the man who spearheaded chinas reform era economic progress had to continue but away from the limelight dunwood himself withdrew from the political limelight quietly guiding his successor jones and to take china to even greater heights. And then this is when the chinese growth exploded and there was a perception on the part of Foreign Companies that this really was a huge opportunity it wasnt just a 1000000000 people of as a 1000000000 people were purchasing power. All the Business People went back and so if you look at the numbers that the investments. The f. B. I. Find about the Foreign Direct Investment all the flows all the indicators all get back to no. Western business at 1st required from china in the wake of the tenement square massacre but quickly dumped back on the chinese bandwagon. The dung era mantra to be rich is glorious it was paying off in china under junk the name would reap the rewards. After 92. Really dont read and come as they are as long as you can change my Political Authority you can do whatever so the chinese ingenuity very hard working Chinese People the release of the make money thanks to no small part to have a free access or Market Technology and so on so the chinese for the hiding their world order ambition their china order ambitions of. Ordinary country if im in charge make you rich. Living standards improved and poverty reduced at unprecedented levels john symond was fulfilling the mandate from heaven. Craig that validated a leaders authority he was providing for his people. Made in china became a global calling card for electronic machinery textiles for Household Goods were exported around the world grown chimes brand and its notion of the same south all lead to heaven way beyond its 19th century peak. Chinas expanded free to oversee it was also drawing in marginal territories at home. By the early 1990 s. Minority groups once considered peripheral are now strategically closer to the han Chinese Governments central control. China is a nation of 56 major ethnic groups not among the list seek on. Highly homogeneous a nation the fundamental challenge is how to. Maintain stability and older in such a model that as environment. Chinas diverse population has long been held together by a central authority. But so many belong to ethnic groups such as the tibetan buddhists in china south west and the some religious in the Western Region of shinji on. Their lands have been forcibly annexed by calling this rule the routing the religious and Political Freedom to missing only a shallow conditional autonomy. During the reform era as industry spread further west. A directed migration of chinas majority how people transformed the demography particularly. As beijing made claim to the riches of the land the chinese move minister hun people. To migrate there to tibet try to you know a change of demography there and also Natural Resource i problem the a division for gains from exploration of Natural Resources like oil and gas. Is an economic reason for the resentment the water from the plant to bet by toll feeds all the major rivers and the tributaries in asia chinas Development Needs those resources they need to extract those Natural Resources to fuel economic development. The. Tobacco seen in the late 1900 instance. Tibetans food for independence but their claims were denied. Their protests recent down by the time state. The the the. The. The the for the readers stay for question added fuel to a separatist movement thats a decades sore to reclaim as a muslim majority state socalled east turkistan. After the reform started in the eightys and ninetys the Chinese Government and also forced culture assimilation in the ninetys the weaker side to take things in their own hands is pressure to ridicule elements of it and they hope that was an old notion of east took a menace that the separatist movements were running amok and they decided to maximize their impact by bombing public facilities transportation for example in discriminately killing people of different nationalities you would actually expect to see deter ration and escalation if such events are not controlled the problem with. Beijing took an uncompromising line on those i just wanted to split from china. The Chinese Communist party Strike Hard Campaign in 1906 stamped down in calls for independence violence peaceful. Riga as well as tibet and separatists were shown little mercy the leaderless doctrine. Chinas history to keep a strict. It was again the 1st resort of authoritarian rule. We see in the 1900 the strike campaigns what went what were the Strike Hard Campaigns about what the goal of the strong Current Campaign as she is kind of rooting apply of extra legal punishment of a people who allegedly committed a crime that is a mess or there was employed. My motto dont you tiffany and things are playing sort of for reasons to do that early is 983 to deal with the holograms destabilizing society in a harsh way. Could then be argued that this Strike Hard Campaign this effort whether brute force or not to maintain stability is what allowed china to prosper economically i mean at the same time and to live there we saw this huge Economic Growth victor what do you remember from that period i would say the Chinese Government ever since 978 is very much driven by maintaining stability political stability at all cost i personally dont think strike harsh is one of the most impressive things in our memory i think it was rapid economic reform and much more opening to the outside world in the 1990 s. Theyre really good out were dealing with a fallacy here the fallacy is that if the parties they had not the voters so much resources to maintain stability chinas Economic Growth would not have happened or would not have happened quite so fast quite spectacularly because the issue is to maintain stability or or cost what to me about or cost and who has the ability you dont have to kill people all the way to get there is easy then the reality the chinese Economic Transformation is a miracle in itself there must be internal reasons which can explain the profound the transformation no single other country can do its not true for. Part of me grew faster in 1000 turns 20 twentieths enter the new thirtys faster than p. R. C. Ever achieved. Members 1st of all i dont think professors or many other people in the world know all the real secret behind the chinese. Development what is therefore therefore therefore. Probably we do not know what exactly is driving chinas profile the transformation now whether people in other countries like it or not we dont care when timmy stability at all cost and keeping peace we all remaining the pillars upon which. China are working to maintain world peace what has china done. Response from france is. Destroying peace that china had kept could person for a century and a half was about to see the timing up of an historic loose and 5 hours from now the union flag will be lowered and the flag of china will fly over hong kong. In the villages closest to the chinese border is a hong kong a world away from the bunny baking frenzy of the city. Here the flags of the mainland fly in celebration of the imminent return to china. Hong kong this has always been part of china so its always nice to go back to the modern era but it different view was being expressed in the very heart of hong kongs tourist in business center. Where basically very skeptical and now we have the wiring all that if any. On that 1st day in charge this is the 1st test of the new regimes promises of tolerance. Appreciated not given how calm people are right to them for themselves were limited in the words. Only participate in the governance of the economy in a limited fashion right so its not democracy but. Lets be absolutely clear about the bush legacy it was the rule of law which was very important but there was no democracy there were no to elections to the lets go any calling until about 10 years before the handover to china. And 997. 00 persons 99 year lease on hong kong expired. The colony it secured as one of the schools of the opium wars was reluctantly returned to china. Beijing would implement a policy. Of one country 2 systems in hong kong leaving its model of making money untouched and for a period of 50 years granting its people a degree of Self Governance and civic rights denied to those on the mainland at least for the next half century. There would be a guarantee. For 50 years of hong kong peoples way of life our core values so these were supposed to be protected and hong kong would move towards something called genuine like autonomy democracy it was implied by really promised. In 2001 china joined the World Trade Organization the boarding responsible for regulating global free trade. If you lay seth a new leader who would take charge of the Chinese Communist party. Taking office with echoes of dung shoppings appeal to high brightness and nourish obscurity to keep chinas quick rise from being seen as a gathering threat. There were rising. China growing power. So i think we didnt house advisers policy advisers the studied the rise and fall of great powers didnt learn some lessons so they realize the rise of new great powers my generated this instability in the International System maybe even conflicts so they try to figure out how to avoid is that kind of confrontation with the established power. China begins to usurp the place of the United States and japan as a trading nation and becomes the Major Trading partner of all of the countries in this region is that it was the context how would you know how and his out of vi there is proposed the idea of peaceful rise but later on they realize youve abused her rise was a little be threatening because you rise others must be crying right so they live further change the slogan from peaceful rise to abuse would be relevant because development more beyond. China was rising under which in top china consolidated links with Africa Latin America and across asia hosting World Leaders as well as visiting Strategic Partners of role in. The past disputes with the likes of russia japan and india were smooth darva not quite resolved but no longer allowed to get in the way of money as trade relations. Who also called for a home earning a society at home p