Create. The healing. After a bloody civil war could prove it will become the worlds newest country. Lets begin in south america where protests in several countries have crippled the major cities bringing many to a standstill in jill a protest began last month when students in santiago demonstrated against a subway fare increase since then demonstrations have grown with demands for political and economic reform in colombia a proposal to change the minimum wage as well as introduced pension and tax reforms have led to a strike and rallies in bogota and in bolivia protests were sparked by a disputed president ial election president evo morales deny that any electoral fraud but he resigned under pressure from the military and fled to mexico. His supporters have been protesting and calling for his return the protests of ramped up in chile after the defense minister dismissed concerns over the use of Excessive Force against demonstrators and says soldiers deployed during the state of emergency were professional and disciplined but Amnesty International says the 3 weapons have been used in this criminal plea and at least 4 ok sions our latin America Newman has more from santiago. Anger seems to be the common denominator among chilean protesters whove been on the streets for 5 weeks. But not all express that anger the same way some do it by going into the battle against riot police armed with stones sticks and even molotov cocktails they describe themselves as the front line of defense. Im here to defend our people against Police Repression thats who weve come to fight. The vast majority are young like one in peril not their real names. Its unfair that weve had to resort to these extremes to be heard we protested peacefully for years and only now that theres upheaval does the state take notice both a 17 year old students from a Public Secondary School who want to go to university but both of their parents are still struggling to pay off their own studies. And i know my mother is 39. 00 and she still owes 9000. 00 its terrible if you cation water health all the persons basic needs are business here and thats why were so angry. They say the only use violence against Security Forces not to destroy property. But there is another type of protest or the kind that justifies for example the looting of this wholesale supermarket and not just looting but also other types of destruction and violence as a. Means to an end. According to the government criminal gangs and drug traffickers are responsible for around 30 percent of the widespread damage to public and private property. But who are the rest many are young men and women from santiagos poor neighborhoods where anger has been simmering for decades you. Might also not their real names describe themselves as radical opponents of chilis socially an equal system but if you dont move you know its a system to make us the crumbs while the upper class accumulates more well all the anger there marginalization people look down on us because were on the periphery they distrust you no matter how hard you work or try your shot out. More and that might be a wanted to study architecture but instead says she was lucky just to get a job as a Security Guard in a posh uptown building now they say its time for the political and Economic Establishment to feel fear that i will need to be shaken from their comfort zone they better not think that i will just go and march down the street with signs and go back to sleep in our beds let them feel afraid to direct action to force social change. They know they risk prison if theyre caught destroying property or attacking police but like a great many of those who vent their rage like this they seem convinced that as things stand now they have little to lose you see in human scent i will. In colombia the president has ordered a nighttime curfew in the Nations Capital off to police say they were forced to use tear gas to disperse and to young protesters in the main square. Demonstrates is filled plaza mall evolved on friday to oppose possible changes to the minimum wage protesters say theyre also concerned about tax increases and changes to the Pension System the government says its investigating the deaths of 3 protesters on thursday alison that on p. S. G. Has moved from bogota. It has been another day of unrest and demonstrations of people telling you to protest against the popular Government Press event youve done to save a spontaneous demonstration in various parts of town and throughout the day the main event was happening just a couple of blocks from here in central. People have gathered there thousands of people gathered there peacefully when all of a sudden the police decided to move in using tear gas and rubber bullets to this person the crowd clashing patients continued until the evening again people are out. Hitting on pots and pans to continue their approaches however the mayor announced a total curfew in the city starting and 9 pm also the president. Spoke saying that he will start a National Conversation next week to try to deal with this im dressed while a leader of one of the leaders of the Opposition Group called for a major massive rally he said next monday people are telling us that they feel energized and that theyre angry for what they see to. Very violent response some parts of the police say that they want to continue protesting and the coming weeks are just as other people have been viewing in other countries across south america for now more than a month. All members of bolivias congress have reached an agreement possible putting the country on a path to a new elections many hope the move will ease tensions that have left at least 32 people dead that comes as prosecutors launch an investigation against former president evo morales over allegations of sedition and terrorism but on a sanctions report. Was the protests in bolivia are not only confined to the streets it also reached the house of deputies the agreed to pass a bill that paves the way for new elections but it came after a heated debate that so legislators pointing fingers and hurling insults at each other. But some lawmakers they know elections can happen before the deaths of 32 believe ians are investigated and hundreds of detained protesters are freed deputy henrico data is with exiled president it will morales is party he said they will go to elections without him its leader not paul is a leader our president evo morales is our natural leader for 50 percent of bolivians farmers Indigenous People workers youngsters now he needs to send a message to pacify the country but the message and legibly from it will morales is the opposite prosecutors opened an investigation for sedition and terrorism after audio of this call emerged. Apparently in it marvellous can be heard telling an ally to continue blockades and preventing food from entering the capital pass. Despite this the presidency minister hid his who said deals with mass Party Members and other marvellous supporters from coca farmers to miners were read. Just days ago the name of the film. We have already signed agreements on all the demands they are making and we agreed to those demands. One of those demands was for the interim government to withdraw decree that gives the military and police the green light to shoot with impunity. As part of the talks the government wants all the road blocks lifted around the country as they have cost of food and fuel shortages. The Political Uncertainty is the dominant topic for many residents in the past and new hope new elections will bring change. We will be happy because there will be new candidates we want to new constitution no more corrupt officials a total change. But others say the interim government went too far in the crackdown on the protests and the damage is done. There would have been dialogue of people hadnt been killed with people that disappeared detained but above all we cannot have talks having brothers deed while the interim government hopes new elections will bring calm many are doubtful this will be enough without 1st making sure that those responsible for the deaths of protesters are brought to justice in a scientist i just believe 7. The United Nations envoy for yemen has told the u. N. Security council the number of air strikes by the Saudi Led Coalition has dropped dramatically in the past 2 weeks Martin Griffith says the reduction in violence could possibly and could lead rather to an end in the conflict diplomatic jane spays reports from un headquarters in new york the u. N. Has long described yemen as the country with the worst humanitarian situation all earth but the regular Security Council meeting the 1st positive news for months. In the last 2 weeks the rage of that war has dramatically reduced. There were reportedly almost 80 percent fewer strikes nationwide then in the 2 weeks prior and i realize these are short periods but nonetheless it is striking and in recent weeks there have been entire 48 hour periods without air strikes at all the 1st time since the conflict began we call this the escalation a reduction in the tempo of the war and perhaps we hope a move towards an overall cease fire in yemen the current president of the u. N. Security council had this reaction there was lots of interest in deescalation in yemen and then the council once again we offend its very strong support for marching if he says efforts to pave the way for the yemeni parties as i said to come together in this inclusive process its believed the developments followed back channel talks involving the u. K. And oman the plan now is to get the 2 sides there who thiis on the Yemeni Government together for fresh talks the last time that happened was almost a year ago in stockholm when they came up with an agreement on the port of the data its an agreement that still hasnt been fully implemented jamesburg aljazeera at the United Nations. Turkeys government is offering a 700000. 00 reward for the capture of an exiled Palestinian Leader it says was involved in an attempted coup in 2016 ankara has placed the hum of the land on its most wanted list it accuses him of having links to a u. A. E. Spying that work and channeling funds to the outlawed glenister movement turkey says the movement was behind the coup attempt heres what we know about mohammed the plan it was a former security chief with the Palestinian Authority before being exiled in 2011 over claims he poisoned yasser arafats. Own to Media Network that spans the u. A. E. Egypt and jordan ankara says he also keeps ties with several news Media Outlets in turkey turkeys Intelligence Agency alleges the han helped the u. A. E. And israel in a plot to destabilize turkey iran and qatar why channeling funds into certain need your organizations the one is also accused of being behind the 2013 coup in egypt which toppled its 1st democratically elected president mohamed morsi. Is director and senior associate for the turkey project at the center for strategic and International Studies he says turkeys crackdown on suspect that external influences doesnt end with mohammed the plan. The timing is interesting the interior minister. Announced the cess pot of a new drive against you then this which turkey calls for to go. And it follows a conversation with the Palestinian Authority that. By us who owns the has his own axe to grind against that not so this may be partly because a. Well. Producing evidence or an im going to evidence that it has against than not it may also be a cloud be a close relationship between abbas and turkish president or gypped i dont there is nothing at educations that they had being that there was external support for a good un and his followers in territory that is include not just that but also. Because that will that United Arab Emirates israel and of course parts of the Us Government which the us has the night but the fact that youre not an expert that you could. To turkey despite many many attempts on the part of the egyptian including most recently when president i dont have a meeting with President Trump just last week at the white house. Seems many charts and certainly was not much stablish than fearful and i pranced it over the external links for this moment. Still ahead on aljazeera around the table on face u. S. President donald trump meets industry executives as Health Advocates push for a ban on flavor the cigarettes. And bush rankers new leadership in place well tell you why one group is still suffering from the countrys down on. Hello again its good to have you back well if you take a look at the levant map right here what you can to be seen on our satellite image is a lot of gray across parts of iran as well as iraq this is actually not clouds as the cold air thats a satellite sees in the morning watch as we put this into motion going to see a lot of this begin to dissipate with the heating of the day now we do have a system that is making its way across still parts of afghanistan and into india bring a lot of rain as well as some snow in the Higher Elevations in terms of snow though were going to be seeing on saturday still cross the caspian and for tehran it is going to be a chilly day for you where the temps are there of 9 getting very close to freezing by the time we go towards the overnight hours a little bit better more sun in the forecast there at 8 degrees by the time we get towards sunday well here across the gulf looking quite nice for many people were going to see doha at about 25 degrees but across the red sea were going to be seeing a little bit more activity here some clouds along the coast of saudi arabia from mecca a cloudy day for you at 29 to 20 degrees as we go towards sunday though medina youll be seeing more clouds as well there we dont expect to see too much in terms of any light showers and then very quickly across parts of africa johannesburg it is going to be a warm day for you as well as a wet day at 30 and durban some winds in your forecast with a temperature of 27 degrees for you. Every few weeks a devastating impact. Tries explore some of the efforts to recover those lost from the syrian scientists safeguarding one of our most valuable resources these are important samples that we have to make sure they are surviving to the refugees striving to coexist with nature ok so whats going on there simulating what happens when an elephant comes life up to conflict on aljazeera. Welcome back time to recap the headlines now protests have ramped up again in july after the defense minister dismissed concerns over the use of Excessive Force against demonstrators spinner says soldiers deployed during a state of emergency were professional and disciplined police in colombia have used tear gas to disperse antigovernment protesters in was a ball of violence the main square in bolivia and but ouattara president has now ordered a nighttime curfew in the capital. Bolivias parliament is debating legislation that will lead to new elections there former president evo morales has been calling on supporters to maintain the blockade its caused food and fuel shortages in this appeal for the past. People from the Pacific Island of bougainville are due to take part in a long awaited referendum to decide whether they should become the worlds newest nation voting is getting underway to decide on independence from papua new. Its the culmination of a long Peace Process which ended a decades long civil war and cost thousands of lives they could gauge reports. Rugby is like a religion Jackie Joseph is running a Training Session with teenagers and at the same time educating them on issues like violence against women shes returned to her homeland to work after fleeing the country with her parents joining the islands devastating civil war i think its been quite a journey growing up as a child in being able to to be where i am today the conflict centered around pan do you know a huge copa and gold mine many locals filch their resources were being exploited. Unrest and subsequent fighting between the bogan field revolutionary army and p. And g. Forces led to a full blown war an estimated 20000 people were killed and its quite hard to structure it because. Because we have crippled our nation im in a province where were. Here for the wrong reasons. To him as part of the Peace Agreement bogan billions were promised the opportunity to vote for independence all for greater autonomy from p. And g. 20 years later they getting that chance we are preparing for the referendum and thats why we are holding our polls will stay open for a fortnight to ensure those in remote villages have a say with the results expected in december theres been a massive investments in terms of awareness raising. The expectations of the voters be managed. The standing of the process because here it comes at a time when china is increased. Its presence in the South Pacific war next door in indonesia west pathways Independence Movement has led to deadly protests we have many similar situations around me were. Being marginalized by Corporate Giants coming in and people can see oppression in some while many are expecting an overwhelming void for independence what that will look like in terms of building an economy and breaking away from any isnt entirely clear yet another step beforehand thoug