College london which is the university that did that research and joins us in the studio thank you for being here so this landslide that had been thought might be caused by factory a layer of light of ice underneath thats not the case tell us what weve got we cannot discount the possibility this is the possibly the case it could be the ice it could be frozen Carbon Dioxide which is the ice because have been losing rocks and remember we are inside the valleys not in areas which is house very steep slopes so with this very steep slope this is likely to have a big line so i mean this is a huge lines that were talking about 50 kilometer summit is this weeks really really mustve so but we dont discount the possibility of kind of slippery on the Ground Surface that produces this because we do know that there is water on mars is that correct so what what significance would have you know a layer of ice on the landslide have had. Well this ng if you consider is that. There we know there is ice of surface ice on mars it has been that is special in the of the polar regions so it wouldnt be quite the surprise i would say but we have all the possibilities for these explanations explanations for these landslides which may be loose material or sand but you can see in the sunday when youre climbing sunday and you have done that before the sun just breaks down and produces a kind of sun life and that cloud that sort of thing that could be also a similar effect but with a possibility of what there a wall d of ice on the nice is not discounted completely so moving on from that research but staying on mars so to speak we can have a look now at that picture that we saw in the debate earlier that selfie ed just talk us through it what do you make of it. That selfie is this amazing i mean we have to have 2 or 3 of those selfies but in this case if you see the landscape behind because if the rover here is already quite high just climb these mount sharp which is in the middle of this crate theyre looking at the different layers of of the men 30 rock actually which is a rock that is produced by by the paucity of material in the presence of water so on it has the light on and we can see that here on the left about when he says landslide i live a little bit above that there are 2 holes that the. Only a few weeks ago took Study Material from this clay and this is important this is a very rich layer of clay and place important because it keeps a lot of minerals organic material with cardboard then this clay this. Dust that hes been produced by this deal is taking inside the rover where it has a laboratory it has 2 different ways of examining these either like powder or in the case of these clays that are sold in that are going to release some chemicals and all this is happening as we speak and the results of these will come in the few months i mean its an incredible amount of research incredibly you know considering we even have pictures now coming from argument that clarity but just remind us what are the milestones that were looking for when it comes to Mars Exploration and i guess always bringing it back to why is it useful to us the most important aspect of Mars Exploration in this case on with the with the rovers on future human exploration is the discovery have ventured the discovery of presence of life or either present or in the past of fossil life the level of microorganisms will want to be like that you want expect to have to find predominates or a or a god sun cloaks or whatever in the in the in the landscape but just microscopic. Going to dozens that would be enough to really realize that there is another way that life developing or solar system and im convinced that that will copy numb convenes that soon us austin has woken mars and discover will recall that some of the grok in this lace place is what it will to us they will put the thing in the microscope and they would find fossilized bacteria im completely convinced of that all definitely get you back in the studio if and when that happened as far as you can see life lets see how this Francisco Diego of from the department of physics and astronomy at University College london thank you as always thank you well still ahead on the news hour when Roger Federer looks for his 10th title on home turf at this with the odds are. Investigative journalism. By. Global experts and discussion 3 times youve got a deal and you disagree with the deal because of the terrible twos the worst of the lot it was brought to us what you want to have stories from other angles. Open your eyes to an alternative view of the world today you have to rethink pretty much everything thank you for talking to aljazeera that both programs to inspire you on aljazeera. Is going to rule in doha now for all the sport. Barbara thank you england are into the Rugby World Cup final in 12 years this off by the all about favorites and defending champions the new zealand all blacks 19 points to 7 in yokohama its time it reports. I sobered 62007. 00 the last time your bets lost the Rugby World Cup match until now as the haka rang out across the Yokohama International stadium the faces of englands team suggested they would be up for the challenge and after 2 minutes nobody was left in any doubt as to englands resolve mana to a long oval for the games 1st try. It could end perhaps should have got even better with sam hill. And then ben youngs both thinking theyd schooled only for the video refusing to rule them out. But with england coach eddie jones looking on george for kick 2 penalties to leave the 2003 world cup winners with a 13 point lead with 30 minutes left. In the them but last year the all blacks overturned a 15 point deficit to beat england at twickenham and when audi servia school thoughts of the lebanese even come back a woman truly gone but once again needless kicking from food kept new zealand at arms length eddie jones team eventually closing out in mind 2 points a 7 victory so we had the better. Your eyes go in with an idea of how you want the game to be they never get exactly like that and just got to give so much credit to news in the way they kept fighting right to the end we had to dig deep to win that game and stay said we gave ill give as much as we had and just came up short so you know it extremely disappointed by that. You know all right now its yes has put things into words so its the end of the road for coach steve hansen and his new zealand team as for england they can now look forward to the finally yokohama next saturday. Aljazeera well 2 times World Champion south africa will be hoping to take on england in that final next saturday the springbok star you must 1st get past why ols in new york a hama historically the South Africans have the edge over the welsh but a boxer carry on a 4 match losing streak against Warren Gatland men last a while as theyve never played in a World Cup Final before theyve lost in the semifinals on 2 previous occasions back in 19072011 but theyve also been beaten both times ive played south africa at world cups although both of those defeat are now on margins are good for the one now max a stopper will start sundays mexico grown preform pole in his red bull he qualified quick as the head of ferraris charles the clerk while champion Lewis Hamilton could win his 6 drivers title this weekend will start from false on the grid though following a disappointing qualifying session for the 2 mercedes his team out Valtteri Bottas crashing heavily during the practice session here will start sundays race for the. Football man city have cut the gap to leaders liverpool to just 3 points in the English Premier League they beat aston villa 3 nil on saturday thanks to goals from stirling going to one and batted silver other notable results for brighton edging past everton 32 and a hat trick from christian politics so chelsea beat burnley for the whole place on sunday. In italy syria leaders eventis a surprise they held to a 11 draw at lets say on saturday this guy in the title to penalty here by taking a 60 minutes late after being awarded a penalty thanks to the video assistant referee how about our doing what he does best but 6 minutes later it was 11 Mark Quarterman crusoe also scoring from the penalty spot after my test elect was rejected by. Tennis Roger Federer has reached the final of his high employment the swiss indoors in basel for a record 15 times the swiss world number 7 stefano 50 fast in straight sets in the semi if he wins sundays final against australia alex dimino itll be a 10th charge when basel on his 100th over i remember playing the qualities here i guess it was back in 97. 00 and then the 1st welker 98. 00 playing agassi and who would have thought that i was going to have this kind of a career you know i was heartbroken when i lost my 1st finals in 5 sets here and now its been another 0. 14 so i would love to win another one and go for the 5th in a row for me but listen im just already so so place right now that i made it to the finals against 4 of the baseball world series just hours away as the Washington Nationals prep for another home game against the Houston Astros the nationals are 21. 00 up in the series well the excitement around the games is building in what is normally a divided city valsin jordan is in the capital where people are putting politics aside to cheer for that scene. This is the washington the world has come to know thats an ask one of the other folks thats a tough dont touch news. But right now this is also washington. In the middle of baseballs biggest prize the great series. Its a really big deal really its brought the city together. Joining forces to push american baseballs Youngest Team the nationals to victory. Its been a long time since a Baseball Team has given washington this much to celebrate the all senators team last competed in the world series in 1933 when the country was in the grips of the Great Depression but even during postwar prosperity and the senators were lousy the fans still turned up now with impeachment looming and the airwaves loaded with accusations of political witch hunts and fake news i think any time you get a daisy sports team doing well it really elevates the city and we can always use a little bit of unity in this place i think its bobby but also to get there you know and that they can. Go rob for something in common hot baths and the joys of seeing him a team anthem baby shark are giving exhausted washingtonians a reason to smile now this is a story about celebrating washingtons unity but my producer reminds me that we need to remain bipartisan isnt that right chris. Rosalyn shorten aljazeera washington. Great stuff that is always for the about see you in london the whole thank you very much for that and that is it for me for this news hour does that with us though have be back in just a few minutes with more of that they still hope youll join us for what about. A survivor of the genocide there are people who beg me to kill the bill for when their suffering moved but it didnt have the power to do it has dedicated his life to searching the woods for bones of the victims of the srebrenica massacre. And the fear is to draw. You know hope of finally laying the past to rest and giving peace to the victims families doesnt it if i could just find a finger i could bury his bone hunta on aljazeera. When the news breaks. When people need to be cut and the story needs to be told the police are out on the politics with exclusive interviews using that was a mistake and indepth reports taking on the environmental and Climate Crisis battle on many fronts not least that of the ocean aljazeera has teams on the ground to bring you more road winning documentaries and life needs. Story 1400 years in the make. A story of succession. Tells the story of foundation and the emergence of an empire. The caliph episode one. Determined and defining the rockies continue their call for political changes Rights Groups say at least 63 people have been killed in 2 days of protests. Alone Barbara Starr youre watching aljazeera life from london also coming up a major Cabinet Reshuffle in the state of emergency lifted chiles president says he is listening to protests theres demands a fragile cease fire holds in Northern Syria but turkeys a socalled safe zone proposal continues to draw criticism from western allies and millions face the prospect of a weekend without power as firefighters battle blazes across california. Thank you for joining us at least 63 people have been killed in iraq during 2 days of antigovernment protests thats according to the Iraqi High Commission for human rights at least 2 were killed in the Southern City of nasiriyah when guards opened fire on demonstrators trying to storm a Government Office protesters are angry over corruption and the lack of jobs the shia cleric of that outside there has called on the Prime Minister to resign that name reports from back that. Lot of protesters in baghdad spent a 2nd day confronting Security Forces as they attempted to breach this barrier their aim was to march across a bridge to Government Offices in the fortified green zone protesters have been in Tahrir Square are brown the clock since thursday evening they say some have been attacked without provocation in the Early Morning hours while journalists arent around we want to make sure that we will just demonstrate in a safe way as we want that we want that we want to get killed that i dont want to die today i want to have a good country about 200 iraq use have been killed since the latest antigovernment protests began at the beginning of this month people are angry about the lack of jobs corruption discrimination and the cost of living Prime Minister idle abdul mahdi has promised various reforms but hes refusing to meet the protesters main demand that he resigns along with his government he says that would create chaos and got an identified they sitting on their couches in the shooting us what do they think chickens the spying take us honest do we need more tears all matas either die or topple governments the ministry of interior released a statement on saturday condemning the people it says attacked Security Forces and vandalized government and Political Party buildings a Spokesman Says they did not use Excessive Force and theyre committed to protecting the human rights of Peaceful Protesters amid the stun grenades and tear gas we met at the noon and his 2 year old son. 18 years i work with the minister of interior and my reward was being fired i have been protesting here and trying to get another contract for 4 months every day they give us promises. Tacomas say to moral and nothing i best who dare says hes protesting for the chance his 4 children might have a future he wants hope for 2003 i have a good life a simple life and a happy life off the 2003 i lose my job my family destroyed my future have destroyed members of parliament were due to meet on saturday but the session was cancelled because not enough of them turned up with the country in crisis protesters see that as yet another example of a government deaf to their demands a tosser going to name aljazeera baghdad turkeys president has threatened to allow millions of refugees to enter europe if the e. U. Doesnt support his socalled safe zone in Northern Syria critics fighters have until tuesday to retreat from the source if you launch a border zone if they dont recha type out of the one says ankara will relaunch its offensive to clear them out of some avenge of vibe reports now from on the turkey syria border. More fighting in syria between kurds and turks backed Syrian Rebels in videos uploaded by kurdish fighters they say theyre defending their positions outside the socalled safe zone south of the towns of the lobby and. Fighters who formed a coalition called the Syrian National army or s n e deny they are making any territorial gains for. President there he says 5 soldiers were wounded in attacks record as fighters who are reportedly being backed by Syrian Government forces although no one has claimed responsibility Turkish Military sources accuse the kurds of carrying out 4 bombings in the last 4 days within the safe zone the fighting is happening despite an agreement for a 6 day pause forces loyal to syrias president Bashar Al Assad have moved into towns and villages outside of the 30 kilometer boundary agreed by russia and turkey and Russian Military police as well as soldiers from chechnya or patrolling areas and that kurdish control and. They are implementing the agreement under which the kurds will leave their positions inside the safe zone 30 is a nato member and its dealings with russia in syria have not been welcomed by many of its western allies who for arriving in ankara germanys foreign minister called turkeys offensive against the kurds and invasion thats to discuss. We were told the proposal on creating an International Safe zone is not a realistic suggestions thats why we use the time to deal with those issues which are important for the people in syria right now the issue of what happens with the ceasefire after 150 hours and the issue of how humanitarian aid continues with those who are fleeing in syria. The invision comment outreach to these leaders they say european allies dont share the burden of refugees and refused to support turkeys operation against fighters who are designated a terrorist group by the european union. Apart from bilateral issues we found this a Good Opportunity to talk about the syrian issue was a whole also focused on the fact that the us and russia have recognized the developments in the field without peace spring operation there are so many imes of that operation one of them is to return the Syrian Refugees we need to clean the syria from the terrorist organizations. He says its safe zone is meant to create a space for refugees to return but more people have been displaced since turkey began its military operation and with syria almost 3 weeks ago the World Food Program says 176000 people have so far fled the fighting and if we left the claim was bombing barely managed to escape to save ourselves on our children they provided some meds for us this blankets and food but we have no doors no windows this is how we are living the 150 i would agreement between turkey and russia expires on tuesday the us president says he expects a permanent ceasefire and has warned of reinforcing economic sanctions on turkey if ceasefire violations take place but turkish president is adamant that he wants to establish the 30 kilometer deep so on inside syria to repatriate more than 3000000 Syrian Refugees with or without the support of his allies solomon job with aljazeera a truck and the turkey syria border. Chiles president has called for a major Cabinet Reshuffle in a bid to quell a week of mass protests against the government friday saw the largest demonstration in decades as 1000000 people rallied in the capital santiago. Says hes heard that the lines of the protests he says a state of emergency thats in place across much of the country will be lifted by sunday at least 19 people have been killed in the unrest which began over a hike in metro fares but a sense of volved into wider frustration over social inequality. You dont see that. I want to announce to all my compatriots that if circumstances allow to lift all the states of emergency starting at midnight on sunday i asked to resign in order to form a new government and to be able to respond to these new demands and to take charge of these new time this. Might happen brings us the latest now from santiago was a historic day here in the chilean capital the official estimates i believe place that final number at somewhere around 1000000 200000 making it the largest march in the countrys history people were comparing it to 1988 when 1000000 people marched on the streets of the chilean capital signaling the beginning of the end of the dictatorship of pinochet so that was a significant moment there wasnt the same violence that we saw take place over the course of the last few days today saturday was a much more festive mood here in capital people were celebrating the fact that the as you mentioned the military force curfew had been lifted the president s announcement that the state of emergency would be lifted on sunday and of course the announcement that he had signaled to his cabinet members to his ministers to hand in a voluntary resignation this is something that demonstrators have been calling for since these protests began evolving not only in chile but in other in other cities and not only in santiago but it other cities across chile which again today you mentioned has this been enough to sort of calm the hearts and minds of demonstrators protesters here in the country to piers not despite that festive atmosphere that weve seen in the demonstrations today there are still clashes happening with police especially in the city of concepcion which is just south of santiago we know that there are pockets of tension pockets of violence that are breaking out. More than 1000 firefighters are battling major wildfires in both northern and Southern California tens of thousands of people have been forced to evacuate across the state Power Companies are planning precautionary blackouts with strong winds forecast for the weekend Victoria Gate and he has more fire is ripping through kind of phony a at opposite ends of the state in the Sonoma Valley wine region 130 kilometers north of San Francisco a series of wildfires all out of control some started a wednesday night the flash point is still not confirmed but the states largest power supply a pacific gas and electric say a High Voltage Cable malfunctioned minutes before the fire started intense wind gusts rapidly spread the flames 3 bone dry brush to homes and businesses let up most strong winds a forecast this weekend that were potentially going to see a historical wind event and it has its highly concerned that the vulnerable areas of california could see some explosive fire so thats why we are reiterating this kind of vigilance that were preaching to everybody at least 2000 people have moved to safety i am aware. But not everyone is willing to leave. Well representative walked around the corner yesterday and told me it was mandatory that iraqi were. He was wrong i dont have to do anything but sit right here i want to in Southern California a major fire in Santa Clarita north of los angeles has forced 50000 people from their homes within like 10 minutes we started to see the fire in the smoke getting darker by our house and we started packing everything because our neighbors doing it as well and then thats when our brother started shouting out to me to get in the car and we got the dogs in the car and the fire was literally on our backyard and it promises to be a tough weekend for hundreds of firefighters the rough terrain high winds and low humidity all hampering their efforts to stop