The menu when no one east investigates dark friend. Has im sick of this is counting the cost on your weekly look at the world of business and economics this week the trillion dollar moon bounty as india prepares to become the 4th nation to land on the moon we find out why theres a new scramble to get there the number of people going hungry has risen for the 3rd year running after years of improvements we find out whats gone wrong. In the multibillion dollar muslim fashion industry why are big brands buying into the trend. Of 50 years ago this week Neil Armstrong became the 1st man to step on to the moon mans flirtation with it was brief with a dozen men walking on it the last in 1972 but now theres renewed interest china plans to build a luna base by 2030 and nasa hopes to have men and women on the moon by 2024 of the next 5 years the space agency is expected to spend 30000000000. 00 on this its funding several projects from lunar landers to a mini space station that will allow craft to dock around the moon billionaires a long musk and jeff bezos also spending billions to get to the moon and mars but theres a new emerging powers india is trying to become the 4th nation to land a probe on the moon the chandra and 2 mission hopes to land a lunar rover close to the south pole sometime in september the area of the moon has not been explored before there it hopes to find signs of water and he im sorry this thought to be 1000000 metric tons of helium 3 on the moon only about 250000. 00 tons could realistically be mined but that would be enough to power the earth for at least 2 centuries each ton is estimated to be worth 5000000000. 00 there are problems in getting helium 3 to earth though but because it is not radioactive it would not produce dangerous waste. On the Indian Space Research organisations mission is expected to cost just 125000000. 00 india has built a reputation for its low cost Space Exploration its budget of 1700000000. 00 a year is just a 10th of nasa says 19000000000 indias 1st mission to the moon in october 2008 discovered water molecules on the surface were joining me now from london is talk to ian crawford professor of Planetary Science and astrobiology at Birkbeck College university of london thanks very much for being with us so its 50 year is since man 1st set on the moon why is there a race to get back there. Well i think there are several reasons to go back to the moon but from a scientific point of view weve now had 50 years studying the apollo samples and the apollo data and ways now raised many questions and we now realize the moon can tell us so much more about the early evolution of the solar system that apollo didnt and so from a scientific point of view theres a tremendous interest in exploring parts of the moon that apollo didnt go to and theres a been a growing interest as well in trying to mine the resources of the moon like water what do you think is economically exploitable i think the context here is that in terms of the future exploration of space if we can find things in space which we can use without having to lift out of earths gravity then this will make Space Exploration much more affordable in the long term now water is one of those commodities water is very useful essential for human life of course but also can be split into hydrogen and oxygen and the oxygen can be used to breathe and the hydrogen can be used as a rocket fuel so waters got multiple applications in Space Exploration and weve now realized that the poles of the moon probably do contain water ice and this would make this would be the in the in the near if you near east future anyway probably the most Economic Resource that the moon might have but that would be to enable future Space Exploration obviously we wouldnt mind water on the moon to import to the earth and wed be using it in space. Well what about helium 3 then indian and china seem very interested but your skeptical about the possibility of mining it on the moon helium 3 is a light ice a tape of helium so its a form of helium with 2 protons and one neutron in a nucleus it exists in the lunar soil because its implanted by the solar wind and we know its present in very small quantities in the lunar soils thanks to the apollo samples so there is speculation that helium 3 might be used to serve fuel for Nuclear Fusion reactors in the future to provide electricity on the earth i am skeptical about this firstly because we havent actually got any Nuclear Fusion reactors to work on the earth yet so its a bit premature to start mining the moon for a fuel for something we dont know whether we can use it yet but even if we can use it its a nonrenewable resource and its present in very small amounts to make any sensible impacts of the earths 21st energy 21st Century Energy requirements youd have to strip mined many hundreds of square kilometers of the lunar surface every year extracting helium 3 from it and then youd have to transport that helium 3 to the earth to use in these uclear reactors that we havent designed yet so i just think the house to be a better way its a provide the earths future energy needs than mining helium 3 on the moon and what would it take what would it cost to colonize the moon does it depend essentially on os finding water there i think talking about colonizing the moon thats a very ambitious thing that our law is probably a long time in the future i think what we should talk about colonizing we should be thinking in terms of establishing small scientific outposts on the moon so imagine bases on the moon similar to the research stations we have home antarctica these research stations and i thought to enable a lot of science to be done on the. Continent of antarctica and similarly small Scientific Research stations like those on the moon would enable of an enormous amount of research to be done on the moon and then later a similar outpost on mars would help us explore that planet so i think rather than thinking of sort of a full blown colonize ation the next step is seti would be setting up Small Research stations will likely as we have in antarctica but yes lunar resources would greatly facilitate the establishment of such research stations i mean water is a good example he wouldnt want to import water off into your main base from the earth because it for expensive to lift out of earths gravity so if the moon has water of its own it would be much more economical to utilize that and then maybe other resources on the me and also that could be helpful in making a moon base more affordable and under 1967 u. N. Treaty no nation is entitle to you know appropriate the moon but the terms of this treaty are more vague when it comes to exploiting its Mineral Resources arent they how much of a in issue could that be yes well its potentially is an important issue the the 967. 00 outer space treaty was a product of its time it lays the foundation for International Cooperation in Space Exploration but at the time that it was written no one envisaged the possibility of commercial operators acting on the moon or other planets so there is a pressing need to update the outer space treaty to make it more explicitly clear as to the responsibilities of nation states but also the rules that would it govern private entities on the moon and other places in the solar system so yes i agree it is important to consider updating the 967 outer space treaty to make it fit for purpose for space activities in the 21st century dr ian crawford thanks very much for being with us. Thank you. Now the number of people going hungry has risen for the 3rd year running after years of improvement thats according to the United Nations which blamed conflict Climate Changes and an economic slowdown globally more than 820000000 people or 11 percent of the population suffer from hunger africa has the highest percentage with one in 5 people going hungry the number rises to nearly one in 3 in east africa according to 5 u. N. Agencies more than 2000000000 people worldwide cant get safe sufficient or nutritious food as the u. N. Agencies say conflict and Climate Change is having a huge impact on hunger in central mali thousands of people are struggling to feed themselves are being displaced by fighting the conflict between herders and farmers belonging to rival ethnic groups as led to the deaths of hundreds of People Magazine as malcolm webb reports from malis region i 1st called malaria then became constipated her mother mariam says they only have rice left to eat in their village and so our eyes wait plummeted. I wonder how we all mean i went to a pharmacy that the medicine didnt work so i try Traditional Medicine but we still thin so i came to the hospital and risto here there are always some severely malnourished children in hospital wards like this one in central mali worsening drought and extreme poverty play their part to the un says escalating violence in the region has made it worse nearly 50000 people have fled their villages after a series of attacks by militia connected to the dont go on and few lonny ethnic groups. Landscapes dry at the best of times now many gone they were mostly farmers far from their crops and many forlornly herders animals have been stolen or killed banditry has made road transport too dangerous for centuries the river. Played a crucial role in transporting food and other goods around this region these boats bring produce from farming areas and its traded here at the port in the town of martinis sacks of ground up rice husks will be sold and fed to cattle the interdependence between the herders and the farmers as lasted for centuries as well the herders buy food from the farmers and in the dry season the farmers pay the herders to take their livestock out onto the plains for grazing but that interdependence is now strained. Hundreds of been killed in the last 3 months as militia connected to both groups of burned homes and matter could fill it is. Many of those who fled to the safety of nearby towns are hungry. Instead of handing out food Uns World Food Programme is keeping credit on cards for people to buy from local traders they have the right to trolls on their free for this is a form before god in 30 years from their village this is for the dignity of choosing what they want to eat secondly it to boost. Their standard of the throw does and does what it was the economy look at economists and the like most here strata matter jacket take had to leave everything behind when have village was attacked and new years and what we really need is peace the crisis needs to be handled and brought to an end 40 matter will be raising her children alone in a camp she says her husband was killed in front of her. The attacks keep happening every week the piece she longs for seems a long way off. But joining me now from rome via skype is cindy holman shes a senior economist with the food and Agriculture Organization and coauthor of the report the state of Food Security and nutrition in the world in 2919 good to have you with us so hunger levels are not falling right now according to u. N. Findings whats behind that yeah this is important because what were doing were seeing or witnessing is a reversal and trends and terms of the long term trends of declining hunger hunger is now rising one of the key drivers is that were were showing that hunger is increasing in countries that are experiencing economic slowdowns or downturns or went to important were finding is that its not in low Income Countries but middle Income Countries so theres a leap between economic slowdowns and hunger is an important driver and can you give us an example of some of these middle examples of some of these middle Income Countries where Food Insecurity is a prob. Yes i mean one of the things that we find is that many of the middle Income Countries that are experiencing rising hunger are highly dependent on commodity in primary commodities for trade and what is happening is that over the last few years primary commodities that like oil minerals fuel prices have been declining and this is affected the overall revenue that so for countries and it also affects the slowdown in terms of the Economic Performance so that so this link between the reliance and commodity parlance and also slowing economic trade is affecting hunger for example in africa many many and in middle Income Countries in africa are affected both countries agreed to achieve 0 hunger by 2030 under the Sustainable Development goals that means ending hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030 do you think thats thats achievable is are they taking the right approach well the simple answer is no or we wouldnt be seeing the trends that were seeing in hunger and malnutrition and i think what needs to happen is that we need to look more closely at the Drivers Behind these trends and we need to start to take bolder actions hunger and different forms of magician or interleaved therefore its not one sector that will be able to resolve this problem or address it it takes tackling it from many different angles for example Agriculture Health also economic policies and trade we need to make sure that households and the poor especially have access to affordable nutritious food and we need to protect our in terms of economic downturns so so when their lives need to be a different approach a kind of a paradigm shift we need to start thinking of hunger mao tradition as a human issue but it also is an economic issue if you. You look at the cost related to 200. 00 our traditions are staggering asia and africa are the 2 regions that have the highest levels of hunger and malnutrition and if you look at under nutritional the projections are this could cause now level percent of their g. D. P. In the next few years also overweight in obesity which is a growing problem in asia and africa is estimated to cost 2. 00 trillion dollars annually so the approach were taking is not enough we need this multifaceted motocycle to approach it in all the governments private sectors. We need a transformation of our food systems we need a transformation of agriculture will provide healthy nutritious food just affordable cindy holman good to speak with you thank you now burbery dolce and gabbana and dk and why have all attempted to crack one of the Fastest Growing markets islamic fashion what started off with brands targeting wealthy muslims with one or fashion lines for religious occasions has now grown to a global trend for women who prefer to dress conservatively according to the Pew Research Center muslims are the worlds Fastest GrowingMajor Religious Group by 2050 it estimates there will be 2700000000 muslims worldwide making up 29. 7 percent of the global population and when it comes to islamic or the modest fashion sector spending is forecast to grow 5 percent annually to 361000000000. 00 by 2023 a turkey is the biggest spender on modest fashion at 28000000000. 00 a year followed by the u. A. E. In indonesia but its not a one size fits all trend whats popular in indonesia may not have the same appeal in the middle east. Lets get more now on whats driving the market joining me now from london is harmed. She is the founder and chairman of the islamic fashion and Design Council good to have you with us so let me ask you 1st of all now the islamic economy is growing and growing fast from food to travel fashion and so on what it what is islamic or modest fashion then and why do you feel the need to build a platform to support this industry well islamic fashion is by the parameters of what they call modest fashion today. It follows the guidelines of coverage that people adhere to in order to practice their faith the islamic faith but theres a strong secondary market as well from the jewish in the christian following as well who have similar practices and. We needed this this platform for a long time and this is not a new thing its not a passing fancy its been around since the beginning of time and it will be till the end of time and its actually surprising that we didnt see a platform like this years ago and we came along we saw a need and it was desperately needed to be filled and what has helped it grow so fast around the world i think whats helped it to get noticed around the world is social media its always been growing has them and thats whats amazing about this industry is that the opportunity has always been there weve had a Huge Consumer market you know for a long time in the end primarily led by the muslim global population which is the Fastest Growing population in the world its indeed a coveted consumer and and finally this consumer is being noticed and getting a nod from brands like dolce and gabbana. And why you know Victoria BeckhamTommy Hilfiger all of them now as our eye has come up with their own ramadan collection and. And really i think its because they noticed that on social media there was huge following wherever you have these. Muslim fashionista or modest fashion influencers who were able to don a great stylish look and yet stay within the parameters of the modesty guidelines that they follow a many big names in fashion they used to youve mentioned there have in the past tried to to to crack this market but didnt succeed why is