Transcripts For ALJAZ The World According To AI P1 20240714

Prodemocracy groups can do is to show 1 the opposition through protests ethiopian mediators say sudans military and opposition groups have agreed to resume talks on the transition to civilian rule protest leaders have suspended Civil Disobedience Campaign and general strike meanwhile the u. N. Security council has strongly condemned the violence and going to aim has. This fire in darfur was retribution for allegiance to the protesters nationwide strike according to the Sudanese Professional Association the group says on monday about 10 people were killed and stores and homes were torched by a peer a military group called the Rapid Support forces or r s f Amnesty International says it has evidence proving the r. S. S. Is committing war crimes in the region and internet blackout and reports of electricity outages in the capital mean information is slowly trickling out tuesday it was the 3rd day of a nationwide strike intended to show the Transitional Military Council that protesters may not have weapons but they have power. Processors say last weeks military crackdown that killed almost 130. 00 people only fortified their resolve the good thing that the Syrian Community is going to buy anyways and neighboring areas than theyre. Letting food providing water for or for the neighbors when needed with an ethiopian delegation mediating the 2 sides reached an agreement to return to negotiations or guarding a future government. Agreed to take confidence Building Measures including that hes going to be. On its part. To call off the. Protest leaders are also demanding the Transitional Military Council restore access to the internet lift restrictions on journalists and ultimately allow civilians to determine the next phase of governance in sudan experts say it wont be easy for the military to relinquish power after decades of dictatorship and they very much fear accountability thank the. Control over election. Corruption commission and they fear being told to get out of their war in yemen which is where the new. People may return to work shops may reopen and cars may once again fill sudan streets but protest leaders say life will not resume as usual and they reserve the right to return to their campaign of civil disobedience until their demands for civilian rule are met natasha going to. Media reporting the truth the fight is in yemen came to find a Cruise Missile airport in saudi arabia the kingdom has not confirmed the attack and syrias state News Agency Says ed defenses have intercepted an israeli missile attack that targeted the town of alhurra and garage province its considered a strategic Lookout Point over the occupied Golan Heights all charges against russian reporter even gotten on have been dropped off to a campaign of support boys are again best of the journalists have been accused of drug dealing but his lawyer said the drugs were planted by authorities and those are the headlines and next up its the big picture do stay with us. Over the next kind of length of a pint or so i will talk to you i guess about ai and whether. This is also bullying this is a dollar. They are subsistence farmers and they live in a village in yemen al bayda province. In september of 2012 an american drone hit a shuttle of shoppers going to market killing 12 civilians and absolutely 0 militants. Youre. This is fine but on the job or during the celebrations for the wedding of his eldest son is brother in law salim gave a sermon. His sermon denounced al qaeda denounce militancy he said it was spreading a cancer of violence across Yemeni Society and he said that everything that al qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula is doing was totally contrary to islam. Couple of days later a couple of young men unknown to the villagers come and ask to speak to silent selling goes down with a local policeman speaks of the man an american drone kills. Youre. When best to get tons of strikes like this very well documented case. Attacks on innocence and we started to ask ourselves how did it happen why did these kinds of mistakes keep getting met. My name is corey kreiter im a human rights lawyer. Was my client. In 2013 i set out to understand how members of faisals family could be killed by mistake by the United States. But what i found goes far beyond drone strikes in yemen targeting by Data Analysis by whats called Machine Learning is just one small part of how computers order the world. From the way we work to health care to how were police part official intelligence is raising urgent questions about the balance of power and our power to challenge it. This is the world according to ai. Theres a lot of debate and a lot of hype about ai these days but were not talking about just selfaware computers are a way its not just being used as a kind of when it chess or when it go or translate a document as that its being used to kind of predict things about all of us. The way we talk about now is the way people talked about patent medicines at the end of the 19th century there were things that were actually medicines but at the same time people were pressing the oil out of snakes mixing it with opium and buffalo dung and selling it as medicine. Communities particularly vulnerable communities children people of color women are often characterized by these systems and quite misrepresented of ways. Marginalized communities are experimented upon and theyre on the frontlines seize technological systems the frontlines of harm they are also on the front lines of rebellion and refusal. In 1041 the world was a war. Youre. Germany and the axis powers looked to have the upper hand against allied forces. One of the advantages they gave the nazis a crucial edge was secret communications. The germans used in encryption device called the enigma machine to encode their messages. Cracking enigma was difficult and time consuming but if encrypted messages could be decoded quickly it could lead to a decisive shift in the war. The allies desperately needed a faster decryption machine. Spearheading the drive to build one was british mathematician alan turing. The origins of of ai as we know it today was during the 2nd world war was churning work on the and make my machine. The 1st one really to think about it the idea of the computer as a full machine a machine that could think like a human. Cheering built a device using new Electro Mechanical Technology that increase the rate at which intercepted messages could be decoded. It was a huge breakthrough accelerating the allied victory bringing forward the end of the 2nd world war. And marking the beginning of Machine Intelligence. Artificial intelligence really was growing in britain under the name Machine Intelligence and in the us there were starting to be a small number of people who were really getting involved in this seeing this as an important thing for the future. In 1956 in the summer at dartmouth a workshop was held was run by people like Marvin Minsky John Mccarthy and that event really was sort of the american birth of Artificial Intelligence and in fact the term Artificial Intelligence was used in their proposal so thats really where the shift from calling it Machine Intelligence to Artificial Intelligence happened. Marvin minsky was an american mathematician and cognitive scientist his friend John Mccarthy was a professor of mathematics at Dartmouth College in the us. It was at dartmouth and 956. 00 that mccarthy organized a summer Long Research project focusing on Machine Intelligence. It would become part of a i folklore and the place where the term Artificial Intelligence was 1st coined it would also bring it to the attention of the u. S. Military. In those days the military which was the principal source of funding for Computer Science research and if you went into the funders and said you know were going to make these machines smarter than people some day and whoever isnt on that ride is going to get left behind and big time so we have to stay ahead of this and boy you got funding like crazy as the Defense Department took over more of the funding the question started to being asked you know but what can we do with it now. The u. S. Department of defense had its own research arm called the advanced Research Projects agency arpa the push for developing a i was driven by the logic of the cold war any technological advantage america could get over the soviet union was pursued through our. The new field of Artificial Intelligence was flush with money and confidence about what it could achieve. But there were competing ideas about how i would lead the way to this brave new world. From the very 1st day there were 2 big approaches one of them was were going to figure out the rules and were going to teach the rules to the machine right were going to say this is how you do this 1st do this 1st do that 1st of that so the 1st one is the socalled expert systems where you just codified old rules you can and say go for it the 2nd one was were going to show it things were going to feed it data and its going to learn from the data you feed it the data and expected to build what people call a Neural Network which is that it looks at the data and the results and says ha this this this goes together and then does it again and does it again and till it builds almost like a brain like structure. What happened was a book was published actually Marvin Minsky one of his colleagues that basically showed that these Neural Networks could not really learn certain things. Which typically happened in ai is something comes along that makes a start to doubt a piece of technology and that closes to sort of go underground for a while while the other stuff gets more attention. Development of Neural Networks slipped into the shadows of ai research as expert systems took center stage and all the money. But by the airlie 1970 s. The great advances promise by Artificial Intelligence had failed to materialise. A clumsy robot aptly named shaky and rudimentary processing machines fell way short of what the early ai visionaries had sold to their backers. For the us military ai had lost both its appeal and its purpose. It cost what you call the winter which stopped funding for quite a while. The socalled ai winter would freeze state sponsored development of Artificial Intelligence for over 2 decades. Chasse the number of bored possibilities is just astronomical. Theres so many possibilities in chess that by the 20th move a chess board there are more possible ways the board could look than there were molecules of the universe. Chess a measure of human intelligence for centuries had become a benchmark for how far Computer Technology had progressed and a proxy for how Smart Computers could be. With state money frozen private companies such as i. B. M. Funded their own development of ai. And we did have this fall. In 1975 b m engineers built a computer the took on World Champion Garry Kasparov in a series of chess matches. They called this computer deep blue. This is amazing engineering i thought it was so good the 64000 processors going it really high speed through chess millions of the 2nd. Between the 1st game of the 2nd game the computer was trained on lots and lots of casper of games so it wasnt just becoming a good chess player but its becoming tuned to playing against that particular person i was there. At the time here in this building where the game was actually the machine was and where the machine was was invented and i was looking on the systems aspects of it it was search algorithms but search algorithms that were intelligent from the point of view of thinking about one another. Over a series of 3 test matches deep blue beat Gary Kasparov at outmaneuvered outthought and out played the greatest chess grandmaster of his day. Artificial intelligence had burst out of its winter and now looks set to blaze a revolutionary trail. Very. High. That was a really key moment was in that when when i. B. M. s deep blue Garry Kasparov to me that it still gives me goosebumps that its back to war 3 broke through at that point in time it was the pinnacle of intelligence for anybody to be able to play chess at the level that the grand master of the play and beating the grandmaster itself is is i think its importance cannot be overstated. But the capabilities that vent into it brought together algorithms. Infrastructure which is hard and. Sort of 3 of these aspects came together at that point and i would say it was the precursor to our latest weve all free i. I b m had built deep blue using the established expert systems model of ai the chess victory over kasparov was its greatest achievement to date. But to beat a person at a game involving set patterns and strategy was one thing beating humans at a game of general knowledge was another. The next big mark in the public imagination was i. B. M. Swats that was a machine that could play jeopardy. Jeopardy is a game in the United States we give the answer to a question and then people have to try and work out what the question is. And became clear you couldnt win a game like jeopardy by just building an expert thing in each category theres just too much so they started moving to a different direction and they brought together bunch of people eventually from all parts of the company. By 2011 i. B. M. Engineers were. Working with new tools one key challenge was understanding human language using advancements in the new field of natural language processing they build layer upon layer of algorithms mathematical structures that allow the machine to learn human language through a mass input of data language and communication is the essence all us as being human beings. Its one of the hardest tasks and hardest barriers for it to have crossed after every developed game this u. S. President negotiated the treaty of portsmouth ending the russojapanese war watson who is Theodore Roosevelt good for 800 dollars what i. B. M. Did was they played the best players in the world they made the t. V. Came of the players who had done the best the 2 very top players and beat the. Life on t. V. I. B. M. s watson computer like deep blue had triumphed in the battle between human and machine but unlike deep blue watson was not strictly an expert system its novelty was Machine Learning a branch of Artificial Intelligence that had been driven underground decades earlier. The Machine Learning side it almost died out but from ninetys on when you started having the internet and all these digital devices in the mountains amount of a data and you started feeding this huge amount of data to these Machine Learning systems they were uncannily effective. Far from being abandoned Machine Learning had continued developing away from the mainstream of Artificial Intelligence. Alongside Technological Advancements personal Computers Laptops mobile phones high speed microchips. And then came the World Wide Web Search Engines tech giants social media smartphones Machine Learning now had the 2 ingredients that it always needed massive computer Processing Power and data masses and masses data. Machine learning was now set to take off. The United States government has been seeking to use Machine Learning to isolate targets for drone attacks for many years because im afraid we americans have a bit of a tin ear for irony it calls its program skynet. In which it is going to seek to try and find targets for attack when we talk about ai and warfare the other thing i want to be clear about is this isnt about the terminator right this isnt about killer robots what i want to talk to about is humans and targeting and the way that human intelligence analysts relate to information that comes out of semiautomated processes basically from peoples cell phone metadata and we try to determine their socalled pattern a life where theyre going to they know. Who they talk to heres the problem i think that the United States has the n. S. A. Learned to collect it all well before they were able to understand it all faster is faste