Were killed and others injured. The attack is similar to another 3 months ago when suspected dog unarmed men killed 160 felony villages in August Saguenay near the border with the kenya fassel. Mali president abraham day because kater held a minutes silence for the victims during an official visit to switzerland and at this moment a thought for those who once more have fallen on the motorist bullets an unjust and cowardly act in the country felonies on a matic herders who move in search of fodder for their cattle villages resent them invading their farmland and those disagreements often turn violent. There are 13000 Un Peacekeeping troops in mali to protect people from armed groups linked to al qaeda increasingly theyre dealing with fighting between neighboring villages the United Nations system in mali is mobilizing to provide humanitarian assistance to help people affected the mission also provided air support this morning in support of the mali and government to prevent future a further attacks there if it is the intercommunal conflict is escalating this year has seen some of the deadliest incidents of Ethnic Violence in mali in a generation the attack in march led to several military commanders being sacked but many molly and say the government and u. N. Forces need to do much more to stop the bloodshed Victoria Gate and be al jazeera. 90 people are being killed in the attack in the king offensive as well it happened in the northern town of into the identity of the attackers is still unknown groups have killed hundreds in recent months forcing 150000 people to flee their homes. Also sudans protest leaders have to continue their general strike which is now in its 3rd day businesses are shutting down in a show of defiance against the military genter the opposition has rejected the legitimacy of a military investigation into the killing of Peaceful Protesters a lebanese business men arrested in iran 4 years ago and accused of being in the american spy has been reportedly freed and it is on is on his way to lebanon this are a sucker who has u. S. Residency was detained in 2015 while visiting iran for a conference was sentenced to 10 years in prison is released comes as tensions remain high between iran and the u. S. But irans judiciary says zach is release is purely a legal matter and has nothing to do with politics. We received a request from the zarko for his release because of his Good Behavior the president ministration supported his release after the lebanese president has blasted ported mr zucker to release his short of that he would not commit any further criminal acts the Court Finally issued a conditional release order all these procedural carried out according to the purely judicial procedure and the subject is not linked to any political file or Exchange File another must protest as planned in hong kong as politicians debate a new extradition law prodemocracy leaders surrounded the Legislative Council president will be chairing that debate and to long says that hes aiming to put the bill for a vote in one days time now an estimated 1000000. 00 marchers took part in sundays rally to protest against the bill the citys leader warned companies and businesses that theyre encouraging employees to join wednesdays planned rally. And in hungary salvage teams have recovered 4 bodies from the wreckage of the sightseeing boat which sent 2 weeks ago a floating crane is lifting the vessel from the danube river in budapest 19 south korean tourists and how gary and crewman were also previously confirmed killed after their vessel collided with a larger cruise boat those were the headlines of course you follow those stories on our website at aljazeera dot com and back with more news in half an hour next on our its the big picture stay with us. Over the next kind of length of a pint or so i will talk to you i guess about ai and what. This is actually meant i also believe and this is a dollar. They are subsistence farmers and they live in a village in yemen al bayda province. In september of 2012 an american drone hit a shuttle of shoppers going to market killing 12 civilians and absolutely 0 militants. Youre. This is the knowledge job or during the celebrations for the wedding of his eldest son is brother in law salim gave a sermon. His sermon denounced al qaeda denounce militancy he said it was spreading a cancer of violence across Yemeni Society and he said that everything that al qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula was doing was totally contrary to islam. Couple of days later a couple of young men unknown to the villagers come and ask selim goes down with a local policeman speaks of the man an american drone kills all. Youre. When best to get tons of strikes like this very well documented case. Attacks on innocence and we started to ask ourselves how did it happen why did these kinds of mistakes keep getting met. My name is corey kreiter im a human rights lawyer. Was my client. In 2013 i set out to understand how members of faisals family could be killed by mistake by the United States. But what i found goes far beyond drone strikes in yemen targeting by Data Analysis by whats called Machine Learning is just one small part of how computers order the world. From the way we work to health care to how were police part official intelligence is raising urgent questions about the balance of power and our power to challenge it. This is the world according to ai. Theres a lot of debate and a lot of hype about ai these days but were not talking about just selfaware computers are a way its not just being used as a kind of when it chess or when it go or translate a document as that its being used to kind of predict things about all of us. The way we talk about now is the way people talked about patent medicines at the end of the 19th century there were things that were actually medicines but at the same time people were pressing the oil out of snakes mixing it with opium and buffalo dung and selling it as medicine. Communities particularly vulnerable communities children people of color women are often characterized by these systems and quite misrepresented of ways. Marginalized communities are experimented upon and theyre on the front lines sees technological systems the frontlines of harm they are also on the front lines of rebellion and refusal. In 1041 the world was a war. Germany and the axis powers looked to have the upper hand against allied forces. One of the advantages they gave the nazis a crucial edge was secret communications. The germans use an encryption device called the enigma machine to encode their messages. Cracking enigma was difficult and time consuming but if encrypted messages could be decoded quickly it could lead to a decisive shift in the war. The allies desperately needed a faster decryption machine. Spearheading the drive to build one was british mathematician alan turing. The origins of of ai as we know it today was during the 2nd world war was chairing this work on the and make members cian. Was the 1st one really to think about the idea of the computer as a full machine a machine that could think like a human. Cheering bell to devise using new Electro Mechanical Technology that increase the rate at which intercepted messages could be decoded. It was a huge breakthrough accelerating the allied victory bringing forward the end of the 2nd world war. And marking the beginning of Machine Intelligence. Artificial intelligence really was growing in britain under the name Machine Intelligence and in the us there were starting to be a small number of people who were really getting involved in this seeing this as an important thing for the future. In 1956 in the summer at dartmouth a workshop was. Run by people like Marvin MinskyJohn Mccarthy and that event really was sort of the american birth of Artificial Intelligence and in fact the term Artificial Intelligence was used in their proposal so thats really where the shift from calling it Machine Intelligence to Artificial Intelligence happened 1. Marvin minsky was an american mathematician and cognitive scientist his friend John Mccarthy was a professor of mathematics at Dartmouth College in the us. It was at dartmouth in 956. 00 that mccarthy organized a summer Long Research project focusing on Machine Intelligence. It would become part of ai folklore and the place where the term Artificial Intelligence was 1st coined it would also bring it to the attention of the u. S. Military. In those days the military was the principal source of funding for Computer Science research and if you went into the funders and said you know were going to make these machines smarter than people someday and whoever isnt on that ride is going to get left behind and big time so we have to stay ahead of this and boy you got funding like crazy as the Defense Department took over more of the funding the question started to being asked you know but what can we do with it now. The u. S. Department of defense had its own research arm called the advanced Research Projects agency arpa the push for developing a i was driven by the logic of the cold war any technological advantage america could get over the soviet union was pursued through our. The new field of Artificial Intelligence was flush with money and confidence about what it could achieve. But there were competing ideas about how i would lead the way to this brave new world. From the very 1st day there were 2 big approaches one of them was were going to figure out the rules and were going to teach the rules to the machine right were going to say this is how you do this 1st do this 1st do that 1st of that so the 1st one is the socalled expert systems where you just codified old rules you can and say go for it the 2nd one was were going to show it things were going to feed it data and its going to learn from the data you feed it the data and expected to build what people call a Neural Network which is that it looks at the data and the results and says ha this this this goes together and then does it again and does it again and till it builds almost like a brain like structure. What happened was a book was published actually Marvin Minsky one of his colleagues that basically showed that these Neural Networks could not really learn certain things. Which typically happened in ai is something comes along that makes a start to doubt a piece of technology and that closes to sort of go underground for a while while the other stuff gets more attention. Development of Neural Networks slipped into the shadows of ai research as expert systems took center stage and all the money. But by the airlie 1970 s. The great advances promise by Artificial Intelligence had failed to materialize a clumsy robot aptly named shaky and rudimentary processing machines fell way short of what the early ai visionaries had sold to their backers. For the u. S. Military ai had lost both its appeal and its purpose. It cost what you call it winter which stopped funding for quite a while. The socalled ai winter would freeze state sponsored development of Artificial Intelligence for over 2 decades. Chasse the number of bored possibilities is just astronomical. Theres so many possibilities in chess that by the 20th move a chess board there are more possible ways the board could look than there were molecules of the universe. Chess a measure of human intelligence for centuries had become a benchmark for how far Computer Technology had progressed and a proxy for how Smart Computers could be. With state money frozen private companies such as i. B. M. Funded their own development of ai. And we did do everything. In 1975 b m engineers built a computer the took on World ChampionGarry Kasparov in a series of chess matches. They called this computer deep blue. This is amazing engineering i thought it was so good the 64000 processors going it really high speed through chess millions of moves the 2nd. Between the 1st game of the 2nd game the computer was trained on lots and lots of casper of games so it wasnt just becoming a good chess player but its becoming tuned to playing against that particular person i was there. At the time here in this building where the game was actually the machine was and where the machine was was invented and i was looking on the systems aspects of it it was search algorithms but search algorithms that were intelligent from the point of view of thinking about one another. Over a series of 3 test matches deep blue beat Gary Kasparov at outmaneuvered outthought and out played the greatest chess grandmaster of his day. Artificial intelligence had burst out of its winter and now looks set to blaze a revolutionary trail. Very. High. That was a really key moment was in that when when i. B. M. s deep blue Garry Kasparov to me that it still gives me goosebumps that its back to war 3 broke through at that point in time it was the pinnacle of intelligence for anybody to be able to play chess at the level that the grand master of the play and beating the grandmaster itself is is i think its important to not be overstated. But the capabilities that vent into it brought together algorithms infrastructure which is hard and data sort of 3 of these aspects came together at that point and i would say it was the precursor to our latest revolve for ya i. I b m had built deep blue using the established expert systems model of ai the chess victory over kasparov was its greatest achievement to date. But to beat a person at a game involving set patterns and strategy was one thing beating humans at a game of general knowledge was another. The next big mark in the public imagination was i. B. M. Schwartz that was a machine that could play jeopardy. Jeopardy is a game in the United States we give the answer to a question and then people have to try and work out what the question is. And became clear you couldnt win a game like jeopardy by just building an expert thing in each category theres just too much so they started moving to a different direction and they brought together bunch of people eventually from all parts of the company. By 2011 i. B. M. Engineers were. Working with new tools one key challenge was understanding human language using advancements in the new field of natural language processing they build layer upon layer of algorithms mathematical structures that allow the machine to learn human language through a mass input of data language and communication is the essence of us as being human beings. Its one of the hardest tasks and hardest barriers for to have crossed after we did the long game this u. S. President negotiated the treaty of portsmouth ending the russojapanese war watson who is Theodore Roosevelt good for 800 dollars what i. B. M. Did was they played the best players in the world they made the t. V. Camera for players who dont the best the 2 very top players and beat the. Life on t. V. I. B. M. s watson computer like deep blue had triumphed in the battle between human and machine but unlike deep blue watson was not strictly an expert system its novelty was Machine Learning a branch of Artificial Intelligence that had been driven underground decades earlier. The Machine Learning side it almost died out but from ninetys on when you started having the internet and all these digital devices in the mountains amount of a data and you started feeding this huge amount of data to these Machine Learning systems they were uncannily effective. Far from being abandoned Machine Learning had continued developing away from the mainstream of Artificial Intelligence. Alongside Technological Advancements personal Computers Laptops mobile phones high speed microchips. And then came the World Wide WebSearch Engines tech giants social media smartphones Machine Learning now had the 2 ingredients it always needed massive computer Processing Power and data masses and masses data. Machine learning was now set to take off. The United States government has been seeking to use Machine Learning to isolate targets for drone attacks for many years because im afraid we americans have a bit of a tin ear for irony it calls its program skynet. In which it is going to seek to try and find targets for attack when we talk about ai and warfare the ot