Jets but was later killed near the town of socket moscow has retaliated it says its killed thirty fighters in the area and dozens of ass strikes stephanie deca has this report from the turkey syria border. A lot of luck. This is a russian fighter jet shot down by opposition forces. I mean remember the pilot manages to eject but he didnt survive. For these syrian fighters its a huge symbolic victory. Russian the Syrian Government have intensified their bombardment of it province over the last two months Government Forces a slowly capturing territory in the south what is the last remaining syrian province under full rebel control. Theyre inching closer to the city of socket which lies on a strategic road linking the northwest all the way to the capital damascus territory that is now almost fully under government control. And in syrias complex web of regional and international allegiances some say this offensive has been well planned and has further implications been there are some people who are in fact wondering if there is a tacit agreement between the russians and the turks whereas the russians would actually give the green light for the turks to act against the kurds in exchange for the russians and allies actually to capture parts of this of this. The government offered the meaning of that old between the mosques and that there by. That offensive against the kurdish controlled district is now into its third week turkeys backing fighters from the Free Syrian Army against the Kurdish People protection units. Turkey considers the y. P. G a terrorist Organization Even though its the United States is most effective in fighting i still turkey has been intensely to areas there is a base just right behind us and this is in line with what politicians here are saying the first phase of this operation the post the wipe away from its borders. All along that border a steady stream of military Movement Vehicles i mean and buses packed with syrian f. S. A. Fighters this is a very visible operation but its also a difficult one the white p. G. Know the terrain well and they have been preparing for this its the latest frontline in a war that year after year simply changes its form and never seems to end. Stephanie decker aljazeera on the turkey syria border you know turkey says eight of its soldiers were killed in the offensive against kurdish fighters in syrias a freeman region on saturday and process some of them died when their tank came under fire the losses make it the deadliest day for turkish troops since the Olive Branch Operation began more than two weeks ago the Palestine Liberation Organization has moved to cut ties with israel p. L. O. Leaders met in ramallah in the occupied west bank on saturday they voted the Palestinian Government to draft a plan to cut off Political Economic and security contacts theres been growing tension since december when u. S. President donald trump recognized jerusalem as the capital of israel the palestinians want East Jerusalem to be the capital of any future state italys Prime Minister has condemned a drive by shooting targeting african immigrants warning hatred and violence will not be allowed to divide People Police arrested a man who had been making a fascist salute after six people were shot in march at our town the u. S. Secretary of state is in argentina on the second stop of his five nation tour of Latin America Rex Tillerson will meet argentinas foreign minister on sunday hes using the tour to improve u. S. Relations in the region friday he met mexicos president to ease worries over Donald Trumps comments on immigration and trade he also wants to shore up support for washingtons tough stance on venezuelas president Nicolas Maduro but those were the headlines the news continues here on aljazeera after partition borders of blood station thanks for watching but for now. August donna claimed the front photo of british pop as mr jinnah governor general of the new dominion arrives of a constituent assembly in karachi. August nine hundred forty seven. A century of british rule over its indian empire comes to an end guest of honor in the muslim capital while older laid him out of bed carrying out one of the loves by his regal guilt is all the partition of india took effect. The new nation of pakistan his pool. Meanwhile a deadly stage will set all british roll to give pays the bill dominion of india. A day later across a newly drawn border leaders celebrate the birth of the republic of india. Freed from colonial rule the creation of these two countries completes a long struggle for independence and here is the gore we believe that we did to me. And now. Im calm when been shown to be my baby. But even before the celebrations are over chaos iraqs. Panic and fear sets in as neighborhood turns on neighbor unleashing mass violence. Millions leave their homes. The celebrations were or was marred by the blood they took place against the backdrop of perfect violence. And. People who a year before we tended to each others wedding parties and each other raping each others daughters roasting each others babies all speak. With human passions are unleashed. None of us can can foresee what could happen. While historians recount the horrors of the past for those who lived through them its like yesterday. Were going to laud a move or have been lucky though when the yardbirds or tolerable they will learn to monitor. The eighty six year old Joginder Singh kohli was a young teenager in india at the time. Seventy years on he still remembers how muslims hindus and sikhs turn on each other. Or when they walk a little i knew he would go through he was a very beautiful. With the word in the out. Again that of the little girl again or when the world was he would want to go to. The local. Or do they walk all over or. Who or what do. We want. Or who are here to learn who will go in the. Ground who are. On the other side of the border in pakistan the memories are just as strong in one nine hundred forty seven saladin colleagues family were muslims in india hes never forgotten how he escaped the killing but others didnt. We were staying in our house on six september one thousand nine hundred eighty seven six oclock when my mother was saying a prayer i heard a shriek cowing somebody. I turned and i saw a stick with a sword in the hand coming in my sisters wedding and. Was the enter the. Room of my mother killed her and they ran. Toward us this is the house saladin fled his home in fear of his life when he returned the horror lay in front of him when i enter the house it was just like in the euro the future holds nothing sort of holds. Then you see your own mother. Drenched in blood. And stomach open. Then starting coming up how would. How did it all come to this. Many point the finger at indias then colonial masters. When britain ruled india it was the giulini empires crown plundered for its natural resources. But in the devastating aftermath of World War Two britain had its own problems on the homefront. Was returned to london with renewed interest in the community and the country and bankrupted itself fighting itself to death of the nazis. And so british Authorities Say that it was the exhaustion of them power and the bankruptcy of the mother country that led to the realization that the simply no way the british could keep this enormous empire in chains the moment to come to head back home to a land of rationing drizzle low light and leave the exotic plagues of india behind. After decades of crushing any Movement TowardsIndian Independence postwar britain had not had the wheel or the might to fold on to its calm. There was massive demonstrations across india and there was. An awareness that the leaders the finns struggle could call strikes and protests which would paralyze the country. Seizing the moment of british weakness three leaders spearheaded the push for independence. You are allowed nehru Mohammad Ali Jinnah and one hundred gandhi. At first they shared the goal of a free and united india one country one people regardless of religion. The great turn to hear the message of gandhi. Leader of the demands for indias independence. Was mark mcgann you mobilize the masses who gave them the language of things like civil disobedience and nonviolence who spoke of the national the struggle is a struggle for truth he gave it a strong modesty fervor and he completely inspired the masses to rise up behind him or gandhi himself a lifelong preacher of nonviolence and gandhi when tom fairly quickly to establish himself as the spiritual leader of the Indian National congress led freedom struggle. The Indian National congress was a Political Party made up of the elite of hindu and muslim society. It had been pushing for self rule since the turn of the twentieth century. With gandhis mobilization of the masses the party transformed into a populist movement and attracted new leaders with new ambitions men like to warlow any rule never was very attracted to my gandhi and gandhi was very impressed with and he was gone these handpicked provision to lead the the sort of Political Party the National Movement gandhi himself never took any political position didnt want one and nearly everything from leading the Indian National congress as one of its youngest ever president s to becoming eventually the first Prime Minister of independent india and mr nestor presided over the first Cabinet Meeting both nehru and gandhi were hindus but the third member of the influential trio was a Muslim Mohammed ali jinnah one of the legion or was an extremely interesting man educated very anglo file in fact culturally far more on your file than the new the nehru of gandhi. Over his dressed in western clothes had western habits in your discussion and his source agism as ham sandwiches. He wasnt particularly strongly Observant Muslim and a man who was hailed. As the ambassador of hindu muslim youth. A lawyer jinnah began his political life within the hindu dominated Indian National congress. Later on he also joined the muslim e a group protecting the Muslim Minority. Both parties were fighting for an independent india which at the time was ginas ultimate goal jinnah in strongly opposed to the idea of a separate muslim nation and indeed he is saying this is british divide and rule they want us to be divided weve got to stand together weve got to fight for our freedom if we dont fight for our freedom to get that we will never be free but he increasingly gets sidelined by a new Younger Generation of leadership among whom particularly there is there is never who is his nemesis handed now who calls for an indian republic is accused by the league of working for domination over the Muslim Minority but are making everyone with britains grip on india weakening nehru and the Indian National congress grew in power. Nehru wanted a new india to have a strong Central Government run by his party. This alarmed general who argued muslim majority regions should govern themselves. It was a losing battle you know realized that given the imbalance in Political Support between the league and the congress the only way the league was ever going to actually come to any significant power was by advocating a separatist plan. Thousands of kilometers away in London Records revealed deeper insights into the fall out between geno any room and this is one of the repository of which there are a number in. At the National Archives private letters jinnah sent to british officials shows a relationship beyond repair at this point is extremely suspicious of the congress and he feels as its purpose it would be prepared to seize power by force that the may have been infiltrated the Indian National army. And that he regrets thats the Muslim League hasnt organized in the same way so were talking a serious mistrust of this yet i think this in the Case Complete breakdown in trust between between the two poles season and the you know its the leadership of those policies new delhi and although the scene looks quite jeana and nehru had first come together to fight the british now they were fighting each other disturbances against the Muslim League to reach the end of life by nine hundred forty six any hope of a united india had evaporated all over the dog but i believe the service of every muslim on him the break down at the top of the indian politics was mirrored on the streets as tension spilled over into violence. Chaos erupted in major cities first because of a grim audio post by british an indian probe during the worst riots in the history of calcutta. Road vantec in many places higher pitched battles continued between muslims and window for muslims the fear of being ruled by hindus convinced them they needed their own separate nation. Even jr the men once hailed as the symbol of hindu muslim unity now demanded an independent pakistan. After a sentry a british power in india the empires was finally forced. Charged with overseeing the withdrawal was a decorated while officer one who would go down in infamy. Not batter. New delhi airfield and the arrival of the viceroy designate mo batten is a sort of vaguely comic character looking back. Prancing peacock who loved his roads and costumes and love to appear as the viceroy not particularly. A man of some charisma. Of great sort of personal selfworth he was received i think he you know whatever little homework he did was fairly modest and when he got to india i think it was a crash course he started meeting the various leaders had his own likes and dislikes inevitably but very quickly decided that the thing had to be the hot potato had to be dropped as quickly as possible and mr byrd his hands and those of his those of his masters as his in the english government lauder lady mountbatten have taken that this is on the grounds that it became viceroy of india in march nine hundred forty seven britain had originally planned to leave india more than a year later in june one thousand nine hundred eighty eight but mountbatten wasnt going to wait that long run bouton decided to accelerate even faster partly because he found his control on the control of the british soldiers over india slipping and so here celebrated to august fifteenth one hundred forty seven and with that headlong rush into disaster happened with the british unable and unwilling to prevent some of the horrors that were unfolding before their very eyes horrors unleashed by hastily drawn lines on a map the north west state of punjab was home to hindus sikhs but mostly muslims it was split with one side forming the bulk of pakistan in the northeast of india the state of bengal was cut into the predominantly muslim eastern half made up another part of pakistan separated by nearly two thousand kilometers of indian territory it would eventually become the independent country of bangladesh was a well thought i was ill thought out. When the british had to draw a line they pulled in the Civil Servant who had never been to india before and was sitting in his cotswold garden when he was told that he had to fly next week to india and divide the country into. And no one was pleased with the line he drew inevitably. The stage was set for british road again in august one nine hundred forty seven as the flags of india and pakistan were raised ordinary citizens were left in the dark as to what this meant for them. On that day of partition in august that show boundary hadnt been announcer be able to know where they were in india or pakistan where they could stay where they lived for centuries where theyd have to move and its only after the people tune into their ideas to hear whether they will now be part of pakistan or india everyone. Suddenly people found themselves on the wrong side of a new border muslims in india are hindus and sikhs in pakistan. There had been ethnic fighting between muslims hindus and sikhs before the partition set off an unimaginable massacre out of the horrors of fires like the blitz the the villages are all burning hayricks are on the platforms to literally wash with blood because hello to hindus waiting on the platform to travel to india to be massacred on another platform was covered in blood because the training just arrived from india full of dead muslims. Total chaos. In the rural areas hideous scenes of pregnant women lying with their bellies ripped open babies literally roasted on the beds and journalists in ninety four to seven who had covered the opening of the nazi concentration camp there were two or three journalists who had covered that and then ended up covering partition and they said that they saw more gruesome things in the punjab punches side than they ever did in the concentration camps muggle born white the photographer writes a graphic description and she says you know i saw us for years but what i saw in the punjab was a million times. At the time the british estimated two hundred thousand died in the violence the consensus today among most historians is that the death toll was at least a million and the british had lost control long before partition and that became clearly evident a