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Two-legged dinosaurs may have swung tails to run faster, say scientists
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Remembering Tilly Edinger, The Pioneering Brainy Woman Who Fled Nazi Germany And Founded Palaeoneurology
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By studying the endocasts of extinct animals, we can identify when major evolutionary innovations likely occurred. And this helps us pinpoint the origins of certain behaviours, such as flight, or the transition to land.
Tilly Edinger and 100 years of ‘fossil brains’
Tilly Edinger (1897–1967), a vertebrate palaeontologist from Frankfurt, Germany, founded palaeoneurology in 1921 by combining her unique training in geology and neurology.
She was the first person to apply a deep time perspective to brain evolution, and consider endocasts from throughout the geological record as more than mere curiosities.
But perhaps what is particularly remarkable is that Edinger pioneered this whole new field of research while living under an increasingly restrictive Nazi Germany, from where she was eventually forced into exile.
Reed Gochberg was digging through the archives at Harvard s Museum of Comparative Zoology when she stumbled on some striking information buried in some old annual reports.
“What I noticed is that starting in 1869 there s this note that talks about how they ve started hiring women as assistants,” she said of the museum s male leaders, “and how they found them to be very good workers.”
An unnamed woman, captured in the far right, works at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, circa 1890. (Courtesy Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard)
One of them was Elizabeth Bangs Bryant. She started as a part-time volunteer in 1898. “And she only began to receive a salary for her work in the 1930s,” Gochberg explained.
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