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Psychosocial Stress, Environmental Enrichment, and Hippocampal Neurogenesis A naturalistic model of chronic stress that mimics depressive conditions in humans is psychosocial stress, achieved in mice by creating a housing condition in which an aggressive dominant mouse and a subordinate mouse live together separated by a perforated barrier. The persistent conflict results in socially defeated subordinate mice that show behavioral signs of increased anxiety, helplessness, anhedonia, and inappropriate social interaction, assessed in validated behavioral tests. We showed that environmental enrichment housing in large cages with tubes, toys, and a running wheel following social defeat restores the normal behavior of the subordinate mice. We found that adult neurogenesis is required for the restorative effects. We also found that the environmental enrichment is protective when it is given prior to the psychosocial stress, and these effects are neurogenesis-dependent and require norma

New yorkUnited statesBrain researchEnvironmental enrichmentVolume transmissionNovel mechanismsRaven pressPotential roleFragilex mental retardationAdult synapticComp neurolBrain resOpioid receptor localizationAcademic pressTherapeutic targetsபுதியது யார்க்