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IMAGE: (a) cellular uptake, (b) endosomal escape, (c) GSH depletion contributed by tetrasulfide-induced GSH oxidation and zinc-mediated inhibition of GR and GSSG reduction, (d) GAPDH deactivation, (e) increased MMP, (f) mTORC1. view more
Credit: @Science China Press
Delivery of genetic molecules such as mRNA into cells is vital with important applications such as vaccine development. Various agents have been developed for mRNA delivery. However, conventional mRNA nanocarriers mainly focus on their physical interaction with mRNA molecules, or protection / delivery of mRNA, such as adjusting physical properties of nanocarriers to control binding with mRNA or cellular uptake. Moreover, effective mRNA delivery in hard-to-transfect APCs remains a challenge. The hard-to-transfect nature in APCs is partly attributed to the suppressed mRNA translation associated with the intrinsic high intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. Thus, tetrasulfide bond bridged DMONs modifie
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IMAGE: Rising global warming is problematic for the water-intensive cultivation of rice, the staple food for about half the world s population. view more
Credit: Mengcen Wang
Rice is the staple food of about half the world s population. The cultivation of the rice plant is very water-intensive and, according to the German aid organization Welthungerhilfe, around 15 per cent of rice is grown in areas with a high risk of drought. Global warming is therefore becoming increasingly problematic for rice cultivation, leading more and more often to small harvests and hunger crises. Crop failures caused by plant pathogens further aggravate the situation. Here, conventional agriculture is trying to counteract this with pesticides, which are mostly used as a precautionary measure in rice cultivation. The breeding of resistant plants is the only alternative to these environmentally harmful agents - and currently only moderately successful. If the plants are resistant to on
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