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Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was long celebrated for his historic 1542 voyage along the California coastline, becoming the first European to explore the state. And in 1959, when a new community college was founded in Aptos, in central Santa Cruz County, officials named it in his honor following the example of numerous other namesakes, including a national monument near his landing spot in San Diego and a nearby stretch of Highway 1. But behind his once-glossy public image is a brutal side to the explorer’s legacy: A conquistador in the armies of Hernan Cortes, historical records show Cabrillo took part in the massacre of an indigenous village as a teenager. Cabrillo’s service to the Spanish crown was rewarded with a land grant in Guatemala, where he grew wealthy through mines and farmland worked by slave labor. Even his famed expedition’s three ships were crewed, in part, by indigenous slaves.

Cabrillo collegeUnited statesSan diegoMonterey baySan diego bayCabrillo national monumentSanta cruz countySan franciscoKofi akinjideJohn govskyJeff bergaminiIris enstrandKris kirbyJuan rodriguez cabrilloChristina cuevasMarianne thompson